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For instance if population of blue jay is remove from the

ecosystem, will be the whole food chain be affected? When

one trophic level of a food chain is removing, it will affect the

population of others. Thus, when blue jay is taken out from

the ecosystem, the population of others will also change to

adapt with the new situation. The population of the caterpillar

will shows a gradual increase as the predator that prey on it

has extinct from the ecosystem. The upper trophic level also

been affected by the removal of blue jay. The pack of fox will

decreases in population as they has limited supply of food.

The must compete with other consumers in order to survive.

The producer also will decrease in size as the caterpillars

depend on the grass for food. As the blue jay has been

removed, caterpillar will growth its population and grass

decrease as one of the consequences of the rapid growth of the

population of the caterpillar.

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The consequence will be differing if the top consumer of a

pyramid is removed. For example if a fox is removed, the

entire lower consumer such blue jay will increase in

population as they are not hunted by predators for food.

Instead, the lower rate of growth can be observed for grass as

it is one of the main sources of food that lower consumers

consume on. Eventually the population of this lower

consumer will decrease in size as grass will come to an end

supply is they keep on holding to this source of produce.

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Decomposers are the organisms that eat on dead organism to

reproduce and keep them alive. They help the process of

decaying of organic material into inorganic materials that can

be used back as nutrients for the producer to keep the growth

stabilise. When the absence of decomposers happens, this will

affect the growth of producer to supply food for the upper

trophic organism. Ecosystem will be interrupted by the lack of

supply of inorganic substance by the decomposers. Thus a

gradual decline in growth of other organism will upset the

balance in the ecosystem. This scenario will happen without

excluding any ecosystem. This is because they are linking

together in a cycle. One affected the other.

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WETLANDS

A wetland is a land area whose soil is saturated with moisture

either permanently or seasonally. This area usually may also

cover with shallow pools of water. Technically, wetlands have

been categorized both as biomes and ecosystems. It is not just

simply defined as a patch that develops a pool of water after a

rainstorm.

Wetlands have unique characteristics. Wetlands are generally

distinguished from other landforms based on their water levels

and the types of plants that thrive within them. In detail,

wetlands are a type of land that having a water table that

stands at or near the land surface for a long enough season to

support aquatic plants. Basically, wetlands are lands that are

made up of hydric soil. Hydric soil is a soil that forms under

condition of saturation, flooding or ponding long

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enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic

condition in the upper part.

Wetlands include swamp, marshes and bogs. The water found

in wetlands can be wetlands can be saltwater, freshwater or

brackish.

There are some plants on the land such as cottonwood and

willow. There are also plants near the edge of the ponds like

sedge, rush, cattail and reed plants. Some common insects

presence at the wetland areas are dragonflies and damselflies.

Right below the water surface some other insects can be seen

such as water scorpions, mosquito larvae and pupae, water

boatmen and backswimmers.

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Sea ducks, swans and geese are the most common birds

species presence there. Plankton algae are the most abundance

microscopic, free-floating algae that make the water looks

green or brown.

One of the symbiotic relationships that can be seen is a

character displacement where most of the plants are pollinated

with the help of flying critters.

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TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS

Temperate grasslands are defined as a land that can be

characterized by the presence of herbaceous vegetation, in

zones, where the rainfall is insufficient for the development of

forests. This area is most affected by the change of climate,

especially the presence of water. This is because the annual

average temperature is 100 F. The plants are adapted to

climate change so some grow in the warm station and others

in autumn and spring.

Plants of temperate grasslands breed in different places. For

example, shrubs do not grow in grasslands biomes while trees

grow in stream and river basin. There are several types of

grasses that grow in the grassland biomes such as buffalo

grass, ryegrass foxtail, wild oats and purple needle grass.

There are also some types of wild flowers growing in there

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such as wild indigos, clovers, sunflowers, golden nods,

blazing stars and asters.

Temperate grasslands animals have some unique

characteristics. Large-sized grazers like bison used to reach

the grasslands. Other than that, the herbivores of grasslands

have long legs and hoofs, like deer and horses which enable

them to outrun from their predators. The others are like

eagles, gray wolves and wild turkey.

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Some symbiotic interaction occurs in this grassland

ecosystem. An Oxpecker rests on a African buffalo, picking

of f the parasites from its body while the buffalo allows the

Oxpecker rests on him. This interaction is called

commensalism, where one organism benefits while the other

gains nothing.

Parasitism interaction is shown when Mistletoe relies on the

Silver Birch tree mainly for the water and mineral nutrients it

carries. It can eventually prove fatal to them where infestation

is heavy; though damage more commonly only result in Next,

egrets are generally seen near the Rhinoceros as they feed on

the parasitic insects found on the mammals body. This is an

example of mutualism as both organisms get benefits. growth

reduction of the Silver Birch tree.

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If one of the trophic level is removed, the ecosystem will

having an imbalance and it will upset the mother nature. For

example, a biralves is one of the primary consumer in the

web. Thus, if the biralves has come to a point that this

population is rather extinct , both producer amd the secondary

tertiary will affected. As we can see from the food web,

biralves eat phytoplankton as their main source of food to

obtain energy. By the time biralves extinct , the production of

phytoplankton will increase as the consumer competing for

the same type of food is lesser. A gradual increase can be

observed by the growth of benthic vertebrate and small

planktivorous fish increase. On the other hand, the secondary

consumer which prey on biralves will decrease in number.

The sea duck decrease in number as well as tundra swan that

only prey on biralves. But in a longer period of time, benthic

vertebrate will also decrease as sea duck has limited supply of

food.

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When a top consumer is removed most of the lower

consumers will come to an increase in number. For an

instance, as tundra swan is removed in this ecosystem the

lower consumer is less vulnerable towards the predator. As a

result they will increase in number. But eventually, they will

to a point where they in return decrease in number. When

there is a removal of consumer it will affect the whole system.

The other consequences that are possible to happen be the

secondary consumer will increase in size as they have fewer

competitors to compete for food. The population of the

primary producer will have a change as increase of in the

lower trophic level consumer will rely on the producer for the

need to survive.

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Food web usually consists of a few food chains with a

similar or different type of species. The more species

the less they will depending on each other or they will

resilient. This is because when ecosystems have

different type of producers, the primary producers will

not have to compete for the same type producer. Thus

less competition will happen in the ecosystem. By

having a diverse type of species will have in co

evolution in many aspects. They species can adapt

themselves better in their fundamental niche and they

will have a better physical appearance.

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Ecology is the interactions among living things and

their environments. The interactions in an

ecosystem can be expressed in form web. From this

web we can see all the trophics level related to the

way they eat. The ecosystem such as temperate

grasslands and wetlands are the example of

ecosystem that has vast food web. We can analysis

different kind of interaction and discover type of

organism belong to which trophic level in a food

web. As we can see the web is link together. But

what will happen if one of the structure or

organism is interrupt by declined or inclined of it.

In this section we will see the up and down in the

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population of organism due to the interaction occur

within their ecosystem.