BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVENdload.oktatas.educatio.hu/erettsegi/feladatok_2018tavasz... · 2018. 5. 15. · Based on what you studied about the inheritance of ABO and Rh blood groups answer

Biológia angol nyelven középszint — írásbeli vizsga 1813

EMBERI ERŐFORRÁSOK MINISZTÉRIUMA

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BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVEN

KÖZÉPSZINTŰ ÍRÁSBELI VIZSGA

2018. május 15. 8:00

Időtartam: 150 perc

Pótlapok száma Tisztázati Piszkozati

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Biológia angol nyelven középszint

1813 írásbeli vizsga 2 / 16 2018. május 15.

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Important information Before you start working read the instructions below carefully. Your questions are either multiple choice or open-ended ones. When answering multiple choice questions you need to write one or two capital letters into the empty boxes. These are the letters of the correct answer or answers. Make sure that your answers are unambiguous, otherwise they will not be accepted. If you want to correct your answer cross out the wrong one and write the correct letter next to it. When answering open-ended questions, you need to write technical terms, a few words, a whole sentence or several sentences. Write your answers on the dotted (……..) line. Mind your grammar because if your answer is not understandable because of bad grammar, or because it is illegible (e.g. it is not clear what the subject of the sentence is), it will not be accepted even if it contains the correct terms. Contradictory answers given to the same question cannot get points. Each correct answer is awarded 1 mark, unless otherwise indicated. Use black or blue pen. Don’t write anything into the grey boxes.

Good luck with your exam!

A D A D C B D correct acceptable wrong



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I. The lynx and its prey 10 points

In the picture a lynx with a jay (szajkó) in its mouth can be seen. Compare the characteristic features of the two animal species (of their living representatives). A) Lynx B) Jay C) Both of them D) Neither of them

1. It has nearly constant body temperature (internally regulated).

2. Its breast bone has a keel for the breast muscle to attach to.

3. It has double ventilation.

4. Its skin has keratinised epithelial layer.

5. Its camera eye is capable of image formation.

6. The gas exchange takes place on the surface of the alveoli in its lungs.

7. It has open circulatory system.

8. Its body consists of eukaryotic cells.

9. Its food substances are broken down within the cells by intracellular digestion.

10. During its foetal development it is nourished by the mother’s organism.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Total



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II. The circulatory system of vertebrates 9 points Compare the main features of the circulatory systems among the three classes of vertebrates. Write the numbers of the statements in the appropriate places of the Venn diagram.

1. They have double circulation. 2. Their heart has one ventricle where the oxygen rich and carbon dioxide rich blood

mix. 3. The partition between the ventricles is not complete, so the two blood circuits are not

separated completely. 4. The right and left part of the heart are completely separated. 5. The carbon dioxide rich blood from the body enters the right atrium. 6. The blood returning to the heart carries the oxygen picked up through capillaries of

both the lungs and the skin. 7. The small blood circuit picks up oxygen in the capillaries surrounding the large

respiratory surface of the lungs but not in the capillaries of the skin. 8. The oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood mix to varying extent in the heart. 9. Besides oxygen their blood carries nutrients and metabolic waste as well.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Total

III. Seeds and germination 9 points Seeds, which offer an effective propagation method for flowering plants, germinate and develop into new plants under suitable conditions. 1. Which of the following groups of plants are characterised by seeds? Write the letter of the

correct answers into the boxes. (2 points)

A) Pine trees (gymnosperms with cones) B) Mosses C) Horse tails (relative of ferns with whorled leaves) D) Dicotyledonous plants (one of the groups of angiosperms) E) Ferns (the most abundant representative non-flowering vascular plant)

Amphibian

Mammals

Reptiles



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2. In order for seeds to germinate certain internal and external conditions have to be provided.

Which of the conditions listed below are required for germination? Write the letters of the correct answers into the boxes. (2 points)

A) Light B) Suitable temperature C) Soil D) The breakdown of germination inhibitors E) Intact seed coat

Read the following experiment carefully. One of the test tubes is filled with germinating seeds. The other test tube is half filled with limewater and sealed with a rubber stopper with a glass tube running through the middle. The free end of the rubber stopper is inserted into the test tube with the germinating seeds in it. One end of the glass tube should dip into the limewater, while the opposite end should extend into the germinating seeds. The result of the experiment: the lime water turns milky. Based on the result of the experiment and your knowledge fill in the gaps of the following text with the words given. You do not need to use all the words. (4 points) hydrolysis oxidation seedling carbon dioxid cotyledon oxygen During germination the (3.)…………………..of the stored food substances takes place so that

the energy requirement of the (4.)…………………can be met by the (5.)……………….of

these products. (6.)……………………..is released in this breakdown process, which turns the

limewater milky.

7. During germination the stored food substances are used up in a couple of days. How does the plant obtain the energy required for its further development? Write the letter of the correct answer into the box.

A) It takes up additional organic substances from the soil to be used in photosynthesis. B) It gains its energy from the oxidation of carbon dioxide absorbed from the

atmosphere. C) It gains its energy through the breakdown of carbon dioxide produced in

photosynthesis. D) It produces glucose in photosynthesis, which is used in biological oxidation to release

energy. E) The inorganic compounds taken up from the soil are broken down in biological

oxidation.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Total

germinating seeds

glass tube

limewater

rubber stopper



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IV. Blood donation 10 points Based on what you studied about the inheritance of ABO and Rh blood groups answer the following questions. (Ignore the possibility of mutations.)

In response to a call for blood donation, Zoltán has decided to help but he does not know his own blood group. All he knows is that his father has blood group A and his mother has blood group B. In today’s practice everybody gets their own blood type.

1.Is it possible that Zoltán has a matching blood type if blood group O is needed? (a) Give your reason for your answer. Your answer should include the word ‘allele’. (b) (2 points)

a) ....................................................................................................................................................................

b) ....................................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................

2. Can Zoltán have blood group A (a)? Give your reason for your answer. Your answer should include the words ‘heterozygote’ and ‘recessive’ (b). (2 points)

a) ....................................................................................................................................................................

b) ....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

3. Give the possible genotypes of Zoltán’s mother and father. (2 points) mother: ………………………. father: ………………………. In the blood donor centre Zoltán meets József, whose father has blood group B and his mother has blood group A.

4. Does József have similar chances to Zoltán in terms of being able to give blood to the patient who needs blood group O (a)? Give your reason briefly to support your answer. Include the word ‘chromosome’ in your answer (b). (2 points) a) ....................................................................................................................................................................

b) ...................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

5. Why would it have serious consequences if a person with blood group O received blood from someone with blood group A? Give your reason for your answer by including the words ‘antigen’ and ‘antibody’. (2 points)

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Total



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V. Matter and energy 6 points Study the following diagram. The capital letters mark certain groups of living things, while the lowercase letters indicate processes. If a letter occurs more than once in the diagram, it always refers to the same thing. Match the following terms with the letters of the diagram. (3 points)

1. Flow of matter: ………………………………..

2. Energy loss: ……………………………………

3. Primary consumer: ………………………..........

4. What type of organisms is marked by letter F in the diagram? Discuss briefly their role in the ecosystem.

........................................................................................................................................................................

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5. What statements can be made based on the diagram above? Choose the correct statements and write their letters in the boxes. (2 points)

A) The animal marked by ‘C’ can be a great tit/széncinege feeding on

caterpillars. B) Humans can be represented by either letter ‘D’ or ‘E’. C) It can be seen by looking at the diagram that the matter is recycled in the ecosystem. D) Fungi can be placed on the level marked by ‘C’. E) The organism marked by ‘E’ can be a locust, which feeds on the leaves of a maize

plant. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Total

C

D

E

b)

b)

a)

b)

inorganic substances

a)

a)

a)

b)

F



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VI. Patterns of inheritance 5 points The occurrence of alkaptonuria, a heritable metabolic disease, is shown in the family tree below through three generations. The persons showing the symptoms of the disease are represented by the darkened symbols. The affected person is unable to break down the compound called alkapton, which stains the urine and the body fluids. After studying the family tree answer the questions below.

1. The disease is inherited by a recessive allele of a single gene. After studying the family tree

below, find the married couple in the family tree, whose child/children allow us to tell that the faulty allele is recessive. Identify the persons by the combination of Roman and Arabic numbers e.g. II/3. Give their genotypes as well. The faulty allele is to be marked with ‘a’ while the healthy one with ‘A’ (2 points) Persons: ………………………. and ………………………. Genotypes: ………………………. and ……………………….

2. Give the genotype of person I/1 and I/2.

I/1.: ………………………. and I/2.: ………………………. 3. The woman II/1 does not carry this faulty allele. What are the chances of this woman having

a child suffering from alkaptonuria from the person II/2. Give your reason for your answer. (2 points)

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

1. 2. 3. Total



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VII. The pancreas 11 points The pancreas is not only an exocrine but also an endocrine gland. Describe the difference between the two functions by filling the gaps in the following sentences. As an exocrine gland the pancreas produces a digestive juice called (1.)………………….,

which is carried along the pancreatic duct into the (2)…………………..., part of the digestive

tract. Among other functions, it helps digest the starch content of the food. The end-product of

the process is (3)…………………..., a simple sugar. As an endocrine gland the pancreas

releases (4)………………….., which is a hormone lowering blood sugar level, into the

(5)……………………..

Elevated production of this hormone is induced by an (6)……………….in blood sugar level,

which promotes the uptake of sugar into the body cells.

The duct leading from the exocrine pancreas joins the duct of another digestive juice, as shown in the diagram.

7. Give the name of this digestive juice and that of the organ which produces it. Name also the type of substances whose digestion is helped by this digestive juice. (3 points)

organ: …………………………………….. digestive juice…………………..…………………..…

Substances whose digestion is helped: ………………………………………………..…………

8. A serious disease of the pancreas is the pancreatic cancer, which is shown in the magnified part of the diagram. Describe what is meant by a cancerous tumour in general, and describe also the meaning of a tumour being malignant. (2 points)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Total



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VIII. Mountain avens (magcsákó) 11 points

The mountain avens is a flowering plant typically occurring in high mountains and in the tundra. 1. Its scientific name is Dryas octopetala (havasi magcsákó). Write down the name of the

scientist with whom the ‘two name naming system’ (binominal nomenclature) is associated. Explain also what the first and second part of the name refer to. (3 points)

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2. By what means the pollen grains are transferred to the carpel? Give your reason for your answer by naming the relevant part of the flower.

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3. In spite of its short stature, the mountain avens has woody stems and is a dwarf shrub. Apart form being firmer and thicker, the woody stem differs also from the soft stem in its structure. Give two differences between the woody and the soft stems with regard to their tissue structure. (2 points)

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4. The easily noticeable white flowers do not photosynthesise. Name the part of the transport

tissue in which the nutrients are carried from the leaves to the flower.

........................................................................................................................................................................

5. The area of distribution of the mountain avens species is shown in the map. The large, extended areas are crosshatched while the dots represent local occurrences. Name one climatic feature all the current habitats of the mountain avens have in common.

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6. Under suitable condition the pollen grains of the mountain avens are preserved for a long time and can be identified under microscope. That is how we know that this species used to be endemic in most parts of Europe including the present territory of Hungary. Describe the consequence that can be drawn from this fact with regard to the changes in climate that have taken place in Europe in the past 20 000 years.

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7. Based on the information of the previous question, explain the fact that the present distribution of the mountain avens is scattered.

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8. The mountain avens specimens endemic to Norway and to the Carpathians show similar visible characters. Describe how it can be decided by means of a crossing experiment whether these plants belong to the same species or not.

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Total



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IX. Epidemics 9 points 1. A lot of pathogens spread by rapidly multiplying in huge numbers in the form of epidemics.

Name two ways in which an infectious pathogen can be transmitted from one person to another! (2 points)

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2. The spread of many epidemics can be prevented by applying good hygienic practices. Name one such good practice. ........................................................................................................................................................................

The graph shows the changes in the number of a parasitic bacterium population over several years. The process is divided into three stages, each marked with different letters. What are the characteristics of each stage? Write the letter of the appropriate stage next to each statement.

3. The immune system of infected people recognises the pathogens and responds to them by producing antibodies.

4. The pathogens invading the body are multiplying rapidly.

5. Large proportion of the human population developed immunity against the disease.

6. The people infected often have high temperature.

7. In a unit time more pathogens die than are formed by binary fission. 8. Explain the possible reason why some pathogens e.g. flue viruses reappear time and time

again and can cause epidemics, although earlier the population already acquired immunity against them. ........................................................................................................................................................................

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Total

Years

Number of bacteria

A B

C



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score

maximum achieved I. The lynx and its prey 10 II. The circulatory system of vertebrates 9 III. Seeds and germination 9 IV. Blood donation 10 V. Matter and energy 6 VI. Patterns of inheritance 5 VII. The pancreas 11

VIII. Mountain avens 11 IX. Epidemics 9 Total 80 The total score of the written examination (achieved score 1.25 rounded to an integer) 80 · 1,25 = 100

date marking teacher

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Documents

BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVENdload.oktatas.educatio.hu/erettsegi/feladatok_2018tavasz... · 2018. 5. 15. · Based on what you studied about the inheritance of ABO and Rh blood groups answer