Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Nguồn: Trường Đại Học Tài Chính Marketing
Citation preview
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC TÀI CHÍNH – MARKETING
KHOA ĐÀO TẠO SAU ĐẠI HỌC
TÀI LIỆU ÔN TẬP
MÔN TIẾNG ANH
KỲ THI TUYỂN
SINH SAU ĐẠI HỌC GRAMMAR FOCUS
Hệ thống hóa những điểm thiết yếu trong ngữ pháp
tiếng Anh.
Ôn tập kỹ năng sử dụng tiếng Anh ở trình độ trung
cấp- ngưỡng (Intermediate/ Threshold).
Cung cấp cho học viên một nền tảng cơ bản trong
thực hành hai kỹ năng đọc và viết, đáp ứng yêu cầu
của bài thi đầu vào.
Giúp học viên làm quen với các kỹ năng làm bài thi. NGUYEN HOANG QUE 06/12/2011
1
A. GRAMMAR FOCUS
PART I: TENSES
1. THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE: Thì hiện tại đơn
Khi thấy các trạng từ chỉ sự thường xuyên (adverb of frequency) như: always (luôn luôn),
usually (thường thường), often (thường), frequently (thường xuyên), sometimes (thỉnh
thoảng), occasionally, seldom (hiếm khi), rarely (ít khi), never (không bao giờ), every (day,
week, month… hằng ngày, tuần, tháng…), once a week, twice a day,… thì chia động từ chính
ở thì hiện tại đơn. Xem xét chủ từ số nhiều hay số ít tùy theo mà thêm “S/ES” hay giữ
nguyên động từ. (động từ tận cùng bằng SS, SH, TCH, X, O, Z thì ta thêm ES nếu chủ từ là
ngôi thứ 3 số ít. Hoặc động từ tận cùng bằng một phụ âm + Y thì ta đổi thành IES nếu chủ từ
là ngôi thứ 3 số ít.)
Ex: - She goes to school by bus every day.
- He usually studies late at night.
Thì này được dùng để diễn đạt một hành động/ trạng thái hiện xảy ra, hiện có; một sự thật hiển
nhiên; một tập quán/ đặc tính; một việc tương lai đã lên lịch …
Ex: This book belongs to me.
Mr. Brown drinks coffee after meal.
The sun rises in the East and sets in the West.
Their train leaves at 9.00 tonight.
2. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE: Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn
2.1. Khi thấy các chữ: now, at present, at the moment, while, Hurry up!, Look! thì ta chia động từ
ở thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn. Nhớ phải mượn động từ TO BE rồi mới thêm “ING” cho động từ chính.
Ex: He is reading a book at the moment.
I, We, You, They, plural Noun + V1 + O
He, she, It, Name, singular Noun + V –s / -es + O
I + am
We / you / they / plural Noun + are V-ing + O
He / she / it / name / singular + is
2
3. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: Thì hiện tại hoàn thành
3.1. Dấu hiệu : just, rencently, already, not… yet, never, ever, since + điểm thời gian, for +
khoảng thời gian, before, lately, so far, It’s the first time, Up to now, How long…
Ex: She has learned English for 3 years
I have already booked my flight to Bangkok.
3.2. Thì này được dùng để diễn đạt một hành động vừa mới hoàn thành; một kết quả của hành
động trong quá khứ mà đến hiện tại (lúc nói) vẫn còn; một kinh nghiệm đến hiện tại mới ngưng;
một việc mãi đến hiện tại vẫn còn tiếp tục, …
Ex: She has just written her letter.
Spring has come.
He left home last year and I have not seen him since.
Have you ever seen a whale?
I have lived in this city for 10 years.
4. PAST SIMPLE TENSE: Thì quá khứ đơn
Khi ta thấy các chữ Last, yesterday, ago, in 1990 …, when I was a child, this morning,… thì ta
chia động từ chính ở thì này (thêm ED hoặc chọn động từ bất quy tắc ở cột 2 của bảng động từ
bất quy tắc). Thì này được dùng để diễn đạt một hành động/ trạng thái đã xảy ra và xong hẳn
trong quá khứ; một tập quán, khả năng trong quá khứ; một kinh nghiệm quá khứ …
Ex: They went to Singapore last month.
A terrible fire broke out downtown yesterday.
I wandered lonely in town last night.
He was happy when he lived in France.
She sang very well when she was young.
He used to smoke a lot.
Did you ever see a lion?
5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE: Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
I, we, you, they, Plular Noun + Have + V3 / V – ed + O
He, she it, Tên, Singular Noun + Has + V3 / V – ed + O
S + V2/ V –ed + O
We, You, They, plural Noun + were + V –ing + O
He, She, It, I, Tên, Singular Noun + was + V –ing + O
3
Diễn tả một hành động đang thực hiện dở dang trong quá khứ tại một thời điểm được đề cập
đến. (at + thời gian + this morning / yesterday / last night, at the time).
Ex: This time last year I was living in Brazil.
Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ thì có một hành động khác xảy ra.
S + was / were + V –ing + O when S + V2 / V –ed + O
While + S + was / were + V –ing + O, S + V2/ V-ed + O
Ex: Yesterday, while we were having dinner, Tom phoned me.
6. PAST PERFECT TENSE: Thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Diễn tả một hành động xong trước hành động khác trong quá khứ.
After + QKHT, QKĐ hoặc QKĐ + after + QKHT
Before QKĐ, QKHT hoặc QKHT + before QKĐ
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành thì đi cặp với thì quá khứ đơn.
Ex: We had finished dinner by the time you arrived.
When she got to the airport, the plane had already taken off.
Diễn đạt một kinh nghiệm chấm dứt trong một thời gian ở quá khứ.
Ex: I knew that place well for I had often been there before.
Diễn đạt một hành động vẫn tiếp tục đến một thời gian quá khứ nào đó..
Ex: He had been ill for 2 days when the doctor was sent for.
7. THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE: Thì tương lai đơn.
Khi thấy các chữ như: Tomorrow, in 2010 …, the day after tomorrow, next week, ta chia động từ
ở thì tương lai. Thì này diễn đạt một hành động, trạng thái trong tương lai.
Ex: We will complete our MBA program in 2012.
8. THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENES: Thì tương lai tiếp diễn.
Subject + had + V3 / V –ed + Object
I, We + will / shall + V1 + O
He, she, it you, they + will + V1 + O
S + will + be + V –ing + O
4
Diễn tả một hành động sẽ đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm trong tương lai theo sự tưởng tượng .
Ex: By this time next Sunday I will be swimming at the beach.
9. THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE: Thì tương lai hoàn thành
Diễn tả một hành động sẽ được hoàn tất tại một thời điểm trong tương lai theo sự tưởng tượng.
Ex: I intend to build this house in 3 months. I have built it for 2 months. So, I will have finished
it by next month.
10. THE NEAR FUTURE TENSE: Thì tương lai gần.
Diễn tả một dự định hay một việc chắc chắn sẽ được thực hiện trong tương lai.
Ex: We are going to complete our MBA course next month.
PRACTICE: Fill in the blank with the correct tense of verb in brackets:
1. Buses (pass) my house every day.
2. We (live) here since 1990.
3. He always (help) his father to plant the trees in the garden.
4. They (ride) home from school now.
5. She (fly) to New York tomorrow.
6. By the time next year, they (buy) a new house.
7. They have kissed their mother before they (leave) home for school.
8. I (go) to Dalat last week and I have stayed there for five days.
9. She sometimes ( cut) her husband‟s hair.
10. They rarely (remember) his address.
11. The boys (play) football in the field when I arrived.
12. She doesn‟t work, she (swim) now.
13. We (give) her 100 thousand dong last night.
14. Our teacher (teach) English at the moment.
15. We (swim) in the sea by this time tomorrow.
16. She (wash) the dirty plates in the kitchen with her mother.
17. When you phone him, he (help) me to wash the car.
S + will / shall + have + V3 / V –ed + O
Subject + is / am / are / + going + to + V1 + Object
5
18. I usually go buy bus tomorrow I (take) a taxi.
19. She (see) him at the supermarket yesterday.
20. We (eat) dinner before we came here.
21. They (spend) all the money last Monday.
22. I (go) to Ho Chi Minh city with my parents last week.
23. The police (catch) two thieves in Bien Hoa last night.
24. We (move) to Long Khanh in 1986.
25. Ann (draw) ten pictures for me last year.
26. The manager didn‟t allow the actors to travel by air while they (work) on film.
27. The neighbors often (complain) about the noise of this machine.
28. The Earth (go) round the Sun.
29. The Sun (rise) in the East.
30. Water (boil) at 100 centigrade degree.
31. What you (read) now?
32. Ann usually (do) the shopping at the weekend but today I
(do) it.
33. He usually drinks tea but today he (drink) coffee.
34. While we (plant) trees, the principal came and talked to us.
35. You can‟t see Tom now, he (have) a bath.
36. Ann (make) a new dress for her mother at the moment.
37. I (wear) the sunglasses today because the sun is very strong.
38. I usually go buy bus but tomorrow I (go) in Tom‟s car.
39. I (not/tell) the secret if you don‟t promise.
40. The milk smells sour. you (keep) it for a long time?
41. you ever (see) him before?
42. This message (just, arrive).
43. We (already, meet) our friends in the school yard.
44. Peter seldom (work) in the garden. He often works in the office.
45. We (understand) the lesson well after he had explained slowly.
46. He spoke very slowly so that we (can) understand that.
47. We (hear) a terrible noise on the street yesterday.
48. they (go) to Dalat tomorrow morning.
49. We (fish) for 5 hours.
50. She (play) the piano when our guests (arrive) last night.
6
51. She just (come) to see you since five o‟clock.
52.I (come) as soon as my work is finished.
53. We (not live) in London for the last two years.
54. They (prepare) the Christmas dinner today.
55. John (live) in the same house since he left school.
56. Our teacher (tell) us yesterday that he (visit) London
in 1990.
57. John (work) at the university for 45 years before he (retire).
58. I (lose) my key. Can you help me to look for it?
59. Alice and Peter (know) each other for 6 months.
60. My teacher wasn‟t at home. When I (arrive) he (just, go) out.
61.We went to the airport late. By the time we (get) there, Bob‟s plane
(already, arrive).
62. We have been married for a long time. By the next anniversary, we (be)
married for 43 years.
63. He (come) and see you in ten minutes.
64. The doctor (examine) the patients thoroughly before he
(prescribe) the medication.
65. Peter (work) at the university for 45 years before he (retire).
66. Yesterday Tom (eat) breakfast at 8 o‟clock. He
(already / finish) when he left for class at 8:45. He (eat) breakfast before
he (go) to class.
67. At 10 o‟clock tomorrow morning we (clean) the floor.
68. Next month they (be) here exactly 6 months.
69. How long they (live) here?
70. Your teacher (wait) for you since 7:30.
71. Why you (not/finish) this letter yet?
72. I found this ring while I (dig) hole in the garden.
73. She (buy) this house 3 years ago.
74. We (meet) my parents at the airport tomorrow afternoon.
75. Why you (go) to Vung Tau last week?
76. My father (move) to Nha Trang next month.
77. He (phone) his girlfriend at the moment.
78. I wonder how many people (be) here next week?
7
79. He (take) the bus to Ho Chi Minh city every day.
80. you (interview) Miss World tomorrow?
81. After they had finished their work, they (go) home at once.
82. He (not/go) to school because tomorrow is Sunday.
83. He (can) play piano when he was 8 years old.
84. We (just/come) back from my uncle‟s farm.
85. The banks open at 8 o‟clock and (close) at four thirty.
86. After John (wash) his clothes, he began to study.
87. George (wait) for an hour before the bus came.
88. Jane sent a letter to her university after she (receive) her scholarship.
89. Look! The train (come).
90. Be careful! Our teacher (look) at you.
91. Be quiet! Her baby (sleep).
92. Tom (do) his homework when I visited him last night.
93. Hurry up! The bus (come).
94. That man (suffer) from the heart disease for many years.
95. She (go) to supermarket twice a week.
96. Last night, I………………(1.walk) along the street when I………………(2.realize) that a
man with a black beard, whom I…………………(3.see) three times already that afternoon,
………………….. (4.follow) me. I……………..(5.be) very worried, and at last
I……………….(6.stop) and asked him why he…………..(7.follow) me. The man apologized
and told me he………………(8.mistake) me for one of his friends.
97. Yesterday morning, when I………...…(1.arrive) at the airport, Sophie……………….(2.wait)
for me. She………………….(3.wear) a pink dress and……………..(4.look) very pretty.
98. Yesterday Ann introduced me to her husband. As I ………..(see) him,
I……………….(know) that I……………(meet) him before we went to primary school together.
99. When she…………(go) out of the house this morning, she …………..(take) her umbrella
because it……………..(rain).
100. Sally is a writer. She (1) (write) several novels, and (2) (win)
several a wards for her books. A few years ago, she (3) (win) the prize for most
promising author of the year. At the moment, she (4) (write) a detective story.
101. In the evenings I often play chess with my next door neighbor. I (play)………………. chess
with him ever since I (come)……………..to live here ten years ago. He (be)………………. here
all his life; he (inherit)…………………… the house from his father, another great chess player.
8
- You ever (play)…………………… chess with the father?
- We (play)………………………once or twice but he (die)………………………………… a
year after I (arrive)…………………………….
102. Mary had to go to New York last week, but she almost…………(1)…………(miss) the
plane. She…….(2)…………(stand) in the queue at the check-in desk when she
suddenly……………..(3)……………..(realize) that she…………….(4)………….leave) her
passport at home. Fortunately, she………..(5)……………(not/live) very far from the airport, so
she …………..(6)……………….(have) time to take a taxi home to get it.
1. A. missed B. was missing C. had missed D. had been missing
2. A. stood B. had stood C. was standing D. had been standing
3. A. was realizing B. realized C. had realized D. would realize
4. A. was leaving B. left C. had left D. would leave
5. A. hadn‟t lived B. hasn‟t lived C. isn‟t living D. doesn‟t live
6. A. has B. had C. had had D. has had
9
PART II: PHRASES AND CLAUSES
1. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONCESSION
1. Mặc dù, cho dù, bất luận, dù thế nào:
Ex: Although the team played well, they lost.
Even though the play received good notices, a few people went to see it.
Much as I admire his courage, I think he is foolish.
Chữ MUCH AS thường đi với các động từ như like, dislike, approve, admire, enjoy,
sympathize.
2.
Ex: I am very hungry, but I dare not to eat much.
3.
Ex: Despite their playing well, they lost.
In spite of good notices, a few people went to see it.
For all his wealth and fame, he‟s a very lonely man.
Notwithstanding her bad behavior, we love and forgive her.
4.
Ex: Although he is old, he still manages to enjoy life.
Ex: Although he is old, he still manages to enjoy life.
Though / Although
Even though + S + V + (O), S V O
Even if / Much us
Clause of concession main clause
(OR Main clause + Clause of concession)
Subject + verb + object, BUT / YET / NEVERTHELESS + main clauses (SVO)
Despite
In spite of possessive adjective + noun / V-ing, main clauses
For all (Phrase) (SVO)
Notwithstanding
Past participle
(V3 / V-ed) + As / Though + subject + verd, main clauses
Adjective (SVO)
10
Old as he is, he still manages to enjoy life.
Even though you are bored to death, you have to continue to life.
Bored though you are to death, you have to continue to live.
5.
Ex: Try as hard as I might, I can‟t lift this metal box.
Dù cho tôi cố gắng mấy đi nữa thì tôi cũng không thể nâng nổi cái hộp kim loại
này.
EXERCISE
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first sentence.
1. If you like, you can eat everything. (whatever)
You can ............................................................................................................................
2. Take what kinds of measures you consider best. (whatever)
Take .............................................................................................................................
3. No matter what you say, I won‟t believe you
Whatever ..........................................................................................................................
Although ..........................................................................................................................
4. No matter how hard I tried, I couldn‟t open the door
However ...........................................................................................................................
Hard as .............................................................................................................................
Although ..........................................................................................................................
Try as hard as ...................................................................................................................
5. No matter what your problems are difficult, you have no right to o that.
Whatever ..........................................................................................................................
Although ..........................................................................................................................
Difficult as .......................................................................................................................
However ...........................................................................................................................
Whatever = It doesn‟t matter what / which = It makes no difference which
= No matter what + Noun: Bất luận gì đi nữa… thì
Whoever = It doesn‟t matter who = It makes no difference who = No matter who
Whenever = No matter when: Dù lúc nào đi nữa, bất luận khi nào… thì
However = No matter how + Adjective: Dù thế nào đi nữa…
Try as + Adj + as I might = No matter how I tried: Dù tôi cố gắng đến mấy đi nữa
11
6. No matter what kinds of difficulties you have, you should study well.
Whatever ..........................................................................................................................
Although ..........................................................................................................................
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
7. However much I like the job, I still wish to earn more.
No matter how..................................................................................................................
Much as ............................................................................................................................
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
8. However much ill children are, they still try to smile.
No matter how..................................................................................................................
Ill as ..............................................................................................................................
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
9. In spite of his illness, he goes to school every day.
Although ..........................................................................................................................
No matter how..................................................................................................................
10. You can use it as long as you like, it has no problem.
No matter how..................................................................................................................
Long as .............................................................................................................................
Although ..........................................................................................................................
11. Although it rains heavily, we go to school.
Despite ............................................................................................................................
Heavy as the .....................................................................................................................
No matter how heavy .......................................................................................................
12. In spite of his trying, he couldn‟t pass the exam.
Although ..........................................................................................................................
Try as ..............................................................................................................................
Hard as he ........................................................................................................................
12
2. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON
1. FORM:
2. USES:
Mệnh đề chỉ lý do được bắt đầu bằng một trong những liên từ sau: AS, SINCE,
BECAUSE, FOR.
Ex: Why do you study English?
I study English because / as / since it is necessary for my future.
AS and SINCE are used when the reason is already known to the listener or
hearer.
AS and SINCE – Clauses often come at the beginning of sentence.
Ex: As it‟s raining again, we‟ll have to stay at home.
Since he had not paid his bill, his electricity was cut off.
BECAUSE puts more emphasis on the reason, and most often introduces new
information which is not known to the listener.
Khi lý do là phần rất quan trọng của câu thì không thể dùng AS hoặc SINCE.
Ex: Why are you leaving? – I‟m leaving because I‟m fed up.
FOR cũng giới thiệu thông tin mới. Chữ “FOR” không bao giờ đứng ở đầu câu.
Nó thường xuất hiện ở giữa câu và sau dấu – hoặc dấu phẩy.
Ex: I decided to stop and have lunch – for I was feeling hungry.
3. WHY questions and Clauses of Reason:
S + V + O + Because / Since / As + S + V + O
Main clauses Subordinate Clauses
S + V + O + BECAUSES OF + The / His / Her… + Adj + N
Main clauses DUE TO V-ing + O
Phrase
is/ am / are
was / were
WHY + will / shall / may / can…. + Subject + (main verb) + (Object)?
have / has / had
do / does / did
13
Ex1: He is going to the post office because he wants to send some letters.
Why is he going to the post office?
Ex2: We went without him because he wasn‟t here.
Why did you go without him?
EXERCISE
I. Rewrite these sentences using BECAUSE OF:
1. They didn‟t come to your party because they had a meeting.
.............................................................................................................................................
2. He was punished because he talked during the class- hour.
.............................................................................................................................................
3. She doesn‟t want to have dinner because she feels very tired now.
.............................................................................................................................................
4. We didn‟t go to Vung Tau because it rained heavily.
.............................................................................................................................................
5. The train couldn‟t continue to go because the fog was so thick.
.............................................................................................................................................
6. We postponed our trip to Dalat because the weather was too bad.
.............................................................................................................................................
7. She was absent yesterday because her father was ill.
.............................................................................................................................................
8. We don‟t buy that car because we haven‟t got enough money.
.............................................................................................................................................
9. I am very disappointed because my students are very lazy.
.............................................................................................................................................
10. These people have to live in the cottages because they are so poor.
.............................................................................................................................................
11. All the students respect the principal because he is very kind.
.............................................................................................................................................
12. Because he behaves badly, he is punished by his father.
.............................................................................................................................................
13. My parents are happy because I get good marks at school.
.............................................................................................................................................
14
14. The chairman was pleased because he was cheered by the crowd.
.............................................................................................................................................
15. They don‟t buy that house because it is too old. (n, a)
.............................................................................................................................................
16. He was here yesterday because he wanted to meet his father.
.............................................................................................................................................
17. They didn‟t come here on time because they started so lately.
.............................................................................................................................................
18. These people are homeless because the fire burnt their house.
.............................................................................................................................................
19. Because he didn‟t prepare the lesson well, he failed that exam.
.............................................................................................................................................
20. Because the sea is rough, we can‟t go fishing.
.............................................................................................................................................
21. His parents are pleased because he is a pious (hiếu thảo) child.
.............................................................................................................................................
22. We like him because he is kind to everyone.
.............................................................................................................................................
23. Loan stayed at home because her mother was sick.
.............................................................................................................................................
15
3. PHARSES AND CLAUSE OF PURPOSE
1. So that + clause (S + can / could / would + V1 + O) dùng để diễn tả mục đích: để mà
Ex I study hard so that I can pass this exam = I study hard for this exam.
These soldiers risk their lives in order that we may live more safely.
I have given him a key so that he can get into the house whenever he likes.
2. To infinitive phrase được dùng để diễn tả mục đích của hành động của chủ ngữ.
Ex: The bank receives money. It wants to keep it safe.
The bank receives money to keep it safe.
Ex1: We write these letters SO THAT we send them to our friends.
Ex2: She drinks orange juice IN ORDER THAT she isn‟t thirsty.
Ex3: He has a mountain of homework TO DO.
3. Subject + need / want + object + to infinitive: cần…để…
Need to be + V-ed / V3 = Need + V-ing: Cần phải được
Ex: I need a typewriter to type this contract.
This car needs to be repaired = This car needs repairing.
4. For + V-ing / Noun cũng được dùng để diễn tả mục đích.
Ex: He decided to put his money in a bank for safekeeping.
EXERCISE
Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence using TO, SO AS
TO, IN ORDER TO where necessary:
1. I am buying paint. I want to paint my hall door. (To / so that)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
S + V + O + SO THAT + CLAUSE
Main clause IN ORDER THAT (S + can/could/will/would + (not) V1 + O)
TO
S + V + O + IN ORDER (not) TO + Infinitive + O
SO AS (not) TO
16
2. He opened the lions cage. He intended to feed the lions. (in order to / in order that)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
3. She has a box. She wants to put her savings in it. (so as to / so that)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
4. He rushed into the burning house. He wanted to rescue the child. (in order to)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
5. They got up very early. They wanted to get the top of the hill before sunrise.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
6. She rang the bell. She wanted to tell us that dinner was ready.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
7. I sent him out of the room. I wanted to discuss his marks with the Headmaster.
.............................................................................................................................................
8. He fixed a metal ladder to the wall below the window. He wanted to escape from fire.
.............................................................................................................................................
9. The government evacuated the habitants from the danger zone. They wanted to reduce
the risk.
.............................................................................................................................................
10. I am learning Chinese. I want to work for a Chinese company.
.............................................................................................................................................
11. We are saving up. We want to buy a new house.
.............................................................................................................................................
12. He coughed. He intended to warn them that he was coming.
.............................................................................................................................................
13. The workmen left red lights near the hole. They wanted to warn motorists.
.............................................................................................................................................
14. They sent their children to their aunt‟s house. They wanted to have some peace.
.............................................................................................................................................
15. The town council has forbidden coal fires. They are trying to keep the air clean.
.............................................................................................................................................
17
16. They employed a detective. They wanted to learn what I did in the evenings.
.............................................................................................................................................
17. The boys are collecting the wood. They intend to put them on the fire. (bỏ “them”)
.............................................................................................................................................
18. His mother sent him to the U.S.A. She wanted him to study computer.
.............................................................................................................................................
19. He left his rifle outside. He didn‟t want to frighten his wife.
.............................................................................................................................................
20. Mrs. White read only for short periods each day. She didn‟t want to strain her eyes.
.............................................................................................................................................
21. We must keep our gloves on. We don‟t want to get frost-bitten.
.............................................................................................................................................
22. I took off my shoes. I didn‟t want to make any noise.
.............................................................................................................................................
23. he was playing softly. He didn‟t want to disturb anyone.
.............................................................................................................................................
24. We put bars on the lower windows. We didn‟t want anyone to climb in.
.............................................................................................................................................
25. He killed that woman. He wanted nobody to know why she died.
.............................................................................................................................................
26. He wears a false beard. He doesn‟t want anybody to recognize him.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
18
4. CLAUSES OF RESULT
1. TOO …TO: Quá … đến nỗi không thể…
Ex: The tea is too hot for me to drink.
2. ENOUGH TO: Đủ… để…
Ex: The man is not strong. He can‟t run far.
The man is not strong enough to run far.
3. SO… THAT: Quá… đến nỗi…
Ex: I am very weak. I can‟t lift this metal box.
I am so weak that I can‟t lift this metal box.
4. SUCH … THAT:
Ex1: It is such a bad film that many people go out of the cinema.
Ex2: That was such an exciting match that it pleased a large number of fans.
EXERCISE
Use TOO.. TO, ENOUGH TO, SO… THAT or SUCH… THAT to combine the
following pairs of sentences.
1. She is very short. She can‟t win the Miss World‟s diadem
She is too .............................................................................................................................
S + V + TOO + Adj + (For me / him / her / you / us / them) to V1 + (O)
S + V + Adj + ENOUGH + (For me / him / her / you / us / them) to V1 + (O)
Subject + V + SO + ADJ/ADV + THAT + Subject + can / can‟t + V1 + Object
S + V + SUCH (a / an) + adjective + Noun + THAT + S + (can / can‟t) + V1 + Object
19
She isn‟t tall enough............................................................................................................
She is so ..............................................................................................................................
She is such...........................................................................................................................
2. Tea is very hot. I can‟t drink it.
Tea is too .............................................................................................................................
Tea is not…………………………… enough……………………………….. (warm)
Tea is so ..............................................................................................................................
It is such ..............................................................................................................................
3. This car‟s very expensive. I can‟t buy it.
This car is too ......................................................................................................................
This car is not……………………… enough………………………………… (cheap)
This car is so .......................................................................................................................
It is such ..............................................................................................................................
4. That metal box is very heavy. He can‟t carry it.
That metal box is too...........................................................................................................
That metal box is not…………………………… enough………………….. (light)
That metal box is so ............................................................................................................
Is it such ..............................................................................................................................
5. The ceiling very high. She can‟t touch it.
The ceiling is too .................................................................................................................
The ceiling is not……………………………. enough……………………… (short)
The ceiling is so ..................................................................................................................
It is such ..............................................................................................................................
6. This shirt is very old. She shouldn‟t wear it.
This shirt is too....................................................................................................................
This shirt is not……………………………… enough………………………. (new)
This shirt is so .....................................................................................................................
It is such ..............................................................................................................................
7. They are so busy. They can‟t help you.
They are too ........................................................................................................................
They are is not…………………………… enough…………………………. (free)
They are so ..........................................................................................................................
These are such .....................................................................................................................
8. He is too tired. He can‟t walk with you.
20
He is too ..............................................................................................................................
He is not………………………………….. enough…………………………. (strong)
He is so ................................................................................................................................
It is such ..............................................................................................................................
9. They are to hungry. They can‟t work.
They are too ........................................................................................................................
They are not…………………………….. enough…………………………….. (full)
Those are such.....................................................................................................................
10. They are very poor. They can‟t buy a big house.
They are too ........................................................................................................................
They are so ..........................................................................................................................
These are such .....................................................................................................................
11. The soup is very sweet. We can‟t eat it.
The soup is too ....................................................................................................................
The soup is so......................................................................................................................
It is such ..............................................................................................................................
12. The music is so loud. We can‟t bear it.
The music is too ..................................................................................................................
The music is to ....................................................................................................................
It is such ..............................................................................................................................
13. This exercise is so difficult. We can‟t do it.
This exercise is too..............................................................................................................
This exercise is not………………….. enough……………………………………….
This exercise is so ...............................................................................................................
It is such ..............................................................................................................................
14. They are very rich. They can buy two cars.
They are…………………………….. enough……………………………………….
They are so ..........................................................................................................................
These are such .....................................................................................................................
21
5. RELATIVE CLAUSES
1. For Person: Who (Thay cho danh từ và đại từ: I, we, you, they, he, she, it, N)
Whom (thay cho object: me, us, you, him, her, them, it, N)
Whose (thay cho adjective possessive: my, our, your, his, her, its)
That ( thay cho subject or object)
Chữ That có thể thay thế cho Who khi nó đi sau các chữ: all, everyone, everybody,
no one, nobody, and whose.
Ex: This is the man who met me last week.
She is the excellent student whom we need to praise.
I saw some people whose motorbikes have broken down.
The woman that lives next door is very beautiful.
Everyone who/ that knew him liked him.
Trong lối hành văn trang trọng thì chữ That không thể thay thế cho Whom khi động
từ có một giới từ đi trước danh từ hoặc đại từ.
2. For Things: Which, That (subject or object), Of which, with which, in which, (=
whose: instead of things and animals), Upon which, on which, about which (thay thế
cho danh từ hoặc đại từ làm túc từ).
Ex: That is the house which my parents bought in 1995.
The bed that I slept in last night wasn‟t very comfortable.
The beb in which I slept last night wasn‟t very comfortable.
It‟s the problems of which we are thinking.
This is the amount of money upon which he depends to do his research.
3. For Place: where, in which (thay cho chữ: here, there, in + Noun of place).
Ex: This is the house where we have been living since 1980.
This is the house in which we have been living since 1980.
4. For Time: When (thay cho cụm từ: at the time, the day, in + season, then)
Ex: This is the time when we should act.
I met Jane in January when she left for America.
5. For cause: Why (thay thế cho cụm từ: for that reason).
Ex: That is the reason why he didn‟t want to coordinate with you.
Notes:
Defining relative clause is written without commas.
22
Non-defining relative clause is separated by too commas and it can be left.
“That” is not used here.
Ex: Her sons, both of whom are living in Australia, phone her every week.
I picked up the apples, some of which were ripened well.
Non-defining relative clause is used after proper name, this, that, these, those,
adjective possessive, the name of sports, noun + prepositional phrase.
It + be + Noun / Pronoun + Defining relative clause: Chính… là người mà…
Không bao giờ được đặt đại từ quan hệ sau các đại từ nhân xưng.
EXERCISE
I. Fill in the blank with the proper relative pronoun: (Who, whom, which, whose…)
1. Let me see all the letters you have written.
2. The boy is standing near the machine is Tom.
3. I know the place roses grow a lot.
4. The woman is wearing the blue hat is my aunt.
5. The man you want to meet has just left.
6. The magazine you lend me is very interesting.
7. I met the woman husband is the headmaster.
8. We visited the school my father taught 2 years ago.
9. It was the first time I spoke to him.
10. 1960 was the year the revolution took place.
11. Dr. Fleming discovered penicillin was a Nobel Prize winner for
medicine in 1945.
12. The things he is talking about are strange to me.
13. They will move to the house is being built near the station.
14. The painting he has just bought is very expensive.
15. My friends are reading picture books were borrowed from library.
16. She is looking for the students lost their bicycles.
17. They spent some days with a businessman company imported
coffee from VN.
18. I don‟t understand the questions she asks me.
19. They are waiting for the man motorbike is found near my house.
20. New York is the only city he visited when he came to
America.
23
21. The woman daughter is my friend is a famous singer.
22. You should go to the national library you can find various kinds of
books.
23. I never forget the bus stop I first met her.
24. The team scores more goals wins the match.
25. Peter kept talking about lion-tamer he admires a lot.
26. That is the car took us to Da Lat.
27. It is the house we have lived since 1990.
28. The post office is the building windows are green.
29. I wish we had a garden we can play football.
30. She hasn‟t got any brooms she can use to sweep the floor.
31. The fifth man was interviewed was unsuitable for this job.
32. Neil Armstrong was the first man walked on the moon.
33. I have just come back from Ha Noi I was born.
34. Spring is the time flowers blossom beautifully.
35. We haven‟t got anybody we can go with.
36. Lady Astor was the first woman took her seat in Parliament.
37. He didn‟t accept the idea they told him.
38. She is very rude to the people she talks to.
39. This is building our family have lived since 1998.
40. Please tell me the reason you didn‟t come here last night.
II. Combine the pair of sentences by using the relative pronouns:
1. It is the first idea. It comes to my mind.
.............................................................................................................................................
2. They should go to Da Lat in January. The weather is very good for their then.
.............................................................................................................................................
3. Mrs. Brown is the only woman. He wants to meet her.
.............................................................................................................................................
4. The man is very young. You are driving his car.
.............................................................................................................................................
5. Tom has been driving all day. He was tired and wanted to stop.
.............................................................................................................................................
6. Show me the thing. You are keeping it in your hand.
24
.............................................................................................................................................
7. We live near this river. We can swim in that river.
.............................................................................................................................................
8. Here are some accounts. You have to check these accounts.
.............................................................................................................................................
9. This is Mrs. Jones. Her son won the championship last year.
.............................................................................................................................................
10. You can‟t enjoy hiking in winter. Snow covers everything in winter.
.............................................................................................................................................
11. We‟ll take you to Da Lat. You can enjoy fresh air there.
.............................................................................................................................................
12. Do they meet the boy? He broke their window.
.............................................................................................................................................
13. The woman is preparing lunch for everyone. They want to see her.
.............................................................................................................................................
14. That is the lake. I went swimming in that lake.
.............................................................................................................................................
15. Do you know the building? The windows of the building are painted green.
.............................................................................................................................................
16. Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other.
.............................................................................................................................................
17. The woman is a secretary. We are waiting for her.
.............................................................................................................................................
18. He has just gone to Mr. Lam‟s house. There is a party there today.
.............................................................................................................................................
19. I saw several house. Some of them were uncomfortable.
.............................................................................................................................................
20. Do you remember the day? We had a class discussion on books then.
.............................................................................................................................................
21. I listen to music late at night. The children have gone to bed at the time.
.............................................................................................................................................
22. We first met in 1945. The revolution took place then.
.............................................................................................................................................
25
III. Replace the relative clause by an infinitive or infinitive phrase:
1. We have a river in which we could swim.
.............................................................................................................................................
2. Tom is lonely. Tom would be happier if he had someone that he could play with.
.............................................................................................................................................
3. If I had a family that I had to cook for I‟d be more interested.
.............................................................................................................................................
4. We had some exercise that we must do now.
.............................................................................................................................................
5. They had no chairs which they could sit on.
.............................................................................................................................................
6. He was the first man who left the burning house.
.............................................................................................................................................
7. You are the last person who saw her alive.
.............................................................................................................................................
8. My brother is the only one who realized the danger.
.............................................................................................................................................
9. I was the only person who saw the difficulties.
.............................................................................................................................................
10. There are many exercises that we have to finish before 6 a.m
.............................................................................................................................................
11. There is a good hotel where we can stay tonight.
.............................................................................................................................................
12. The mistakes which you have to correct are very important.
.............................................................................................................................................
13. There is an old house that we can buy in this district.
.............................................................................................................................................
14. He was the only student who got the highest grade in the school.
.............................................................................................................................................
15. This English course which you have to attend is very necessary for your future.
.............................................................................................................................................
16. This is the best book which has been sold in this book-store.
.............................................................................................................................................
17. The vegetables which are sold in the shop are grown without chemicals.
26
.............................................................................................................................................
18. He was the second man who was killed in this area.
.............................................................................................................................................
19. The book which is put on the table has just been bought by my father.
.............................................................................................................................................
20. This is the eightieth car which is made in that factory.
.............................................................................................................................................
6. IF CLAUSES
1. Type 1: Real in present or future
Ex: The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail.
If you study hard, you can pass this exam easily
If you want to lose weight, you must eat less bread and meat.
If the fog gets thicker, the plane may be diverted. (đổi hướng)
2. Type 2: Unreal in present of future
Ex: If I were you, I would love her
If I had a lot of money, I could buy five new cars. (but I have no money now)
If you tried again, you might succeed.
is / am / are will
IF + S + V1 + O, S + shall + V1 + O
V-s / es can
don‟t / doesn‟t V1 must
please V1 + O
simple present tense
Were would
IF + S + V-ed + O, S + should + V1 + O
V2 could
didn‟t V1 might
27
3. Type 3: Unreal in the past
Ex: If I had known that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport.
If we had found him earlier, we might have saved his life.
If my documents had been in order, I could have left at once.
4. If + subject + auxiliary can be replaced by inversion of auxiliary and subject with
“if” omitted.
Ex: Were I Tom I would refuse.
Had you obeyed orders this disaster wouldn‟t have happened.
Should you require anything, think carefully before telling me.
5. UNLESS = IF…. NOT : Nếu…. không.
Ex: If you don‟t study harder, you won‟t pass this exam.
Unless you study harder, you won‟t pass this exam.
Unless you had a letter of recommendation you couldn‟t get a job.
6. OR… WILL: Nếu không thì….sẽ bị…..
Ex: You have to hurry up or you will be late for school.
You need to wear your warm clothes or you will get cold.
EXERCISE
I. Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
1. Mr. Harry………………..(help) you if you want.
2. If my friend…………………(be) here now, he would help me.
3. If I………………………(make) that mistake again, my father will get angry with me.
4. We wouldn‟t understand Miss Lee if she…………………. (speak) too fast.
5. What………….you…………….(do) if you were a famous actor?
6. ………….you……………..(lend) me the money if you get your check?
7. The teacher………………..(be) always happy if his students study hard.
8. If I……………….(be) a spaceman, I would take a space trip to the moon.
9. Please don‟t disturb him if he ………………… (be) busy.
would
IF + S + had V –ed / V3 + O, S + should + have V –ed / V3 + O
P.P could
might
28
10. If you (go)…………………….. way, please write to me.
11. I………………….. (tell) you the answer if I knew it myself.
12. We would play football if the weather…………………(be) fine.
13. Will you help me if I…………………….(need) you?
14. If this room were large enough, we…………………….(put) a bookcase here.
15. If he……………………(be) here, he would help us.
16. If you had been there yesterday, you……………………… (have) a lot of fun.
17. If there were a fairy here, he…………………………….(give) us many wishes.
18. If he came in time, my teacher…………………..(not, punish) him.
19. If I had a type write, I (type)………………….. it myself.
20. You could make better progress if you (attend)………………..class regularly.
21. If I (know)…………………..his telephone number, I would give it to you.
22. If he (eat)……………………….. another cake, he will be sick.
23. His parents (be)…………………….very happy if he worked hard.
24. He could get a job easily if he (have)……………………… a degree.
25. If he (study)………………………… hard, he can pass the exam.
26. Rice plants (grow)………………………. well if there is enough rain.
27. He might get fat if he (stop)…………………………. smoking.
28. I (not do)……………………..that if I were you.
29. It will be impossible for me to finish my work if you (not cease)…………….this
chatter.
30. If he (take)……………………….. my advice, everything can go well.
31. What…………….you (do)…………….if you found a burglar in your house.
32. If he (not hurry)………………………………, she may be late.
33. Tell him to ring me if you (see)……………………..him.
34. What…………….you (do)……………….if she refuses your invitation?
35. If today (be)………………………….Sunday, we would go to the beach.
36. They (make)………………………. Fewer mistakes if they were more careful.
37. I could understand the French if she (speak) more slowly.
38. If we (invite)…………………… her, she might go dancing with us.
39. These plants will die if you (not water) ……………………… them.
29
PART III: VERB FORM
BARE INFINITIVE, GERUND or INFINITIVE
1. Verbs followed by “Bare infinitive”:
Let + (Obj)
Make + (Obj)
Would rather (not)
Had better (not)
Can / could
Will / would
Shall / should + Bare infinitive (V1)
May / might
Ought to
Be able to
Be going to
Need to
Needn‟t
Have to / must
Have + somebody
Do / does / did
Used to
Ex: Let me see.
The clown made us laugh a lot
You‟d rather not behave like that
You needn‟t photo this report.
He used to smoke heavily but now he is a nonsmoker.
2. Verbs followed by “TO infinitive”:
Ex: I would like a cup of tea, please.
Would you like to drink coffee? – Yes, please./ No, thank you.
Would you like to go to the shops with me?
Subject + WOULD LIKE + TO infinitive + Object
Noun
30
Một số động từ thường được theo sau bởi “TO infinitive”:
Attempt agree ask arrange
Aim appear choose claim
Be (phải) beg decline decide
Demand declare determine expect
Fail forget hesitate remind
Hope learn manage offer
Plan prepare promise prove
Intend refuse seem
Tend tell want volunteer
3. Verbs followed by “Gerund”:
Ex: She doesn‟t like eating out.
Do you like fishing? – No, I don‟t. I like boating.
Does he like a big breakfast?
Một số động từ được theo sau bởi Gerund
To be used to to be worth to be no good to be no use
There‟s no point in what the point of can‟t stand / help can‟t bear
Avoid admit consider delay
Deny detest dislike like
Dread enjoy escape fancy
Finish forgive hate imagine
Keep love mean miss
Mind postpone practice permit
Remember resist regret risk
Stop start suggest object to
Quit preposition (in, on, of, about…)
4. Verbs followed by Gerund or To infinitive:
a. Regret, remember, forget + V-ing: nhớ đã làm rồi
+ To infinitive: nhớ để mà làm
Ex: I regret spending so much money.
Subject + LIKE + noun.
V-ing + (object)
31
We regret to inform you that you have failed this exam.
I didn‟t forget to clock the door (= I locked the door)
I forgot clocking the door and left you inside.
If you go out, remember to post these letters.
Do you remember clocking the door before leaving home?
b. Advise, allow, permit, recommend + obj + to infinitive
+ V-ing
Ex: My parents don‟t allow me to go out at night.
They don‟t allow going into that room.
I am not allowed to go out at night.
c. Stop + to Inf: dừng lại để làm gì
+ V-ing: bỏ luôn, nghỉ luôn
Ex: He stops to smoke but the wind is so strong.
He can‟t do it.
My father stopped (smoke) 2 years ago.
d. Try To Inf (cố gắng để làm gì đó)
V-ing (thử làm để kiểm tra, thử nghiệm)
Ex: I was very tired. I tried (keep) my eyes open but I couldn‟t.
I had a terrible headache and I tried (take) an aspirin but it didn‟t
help.
5. HAVE: Causative form and purpose
Ex: We have a porter carry our luggage this morning.
We have our luggage carried by a porter this morning.
Ex: A: Would you like to go out for a drink tonight?
B: Sorry, I can‟t. I have a lot of homework to do this evening.
have / has
had somebody + V1…
Subject + be having something + V3 / V –ed…
will have
Subject + have / has + something + to V1 …. (có việc gì đó phải làm…)
32
EXERCISE
Put the correct form of the verb in the parentheses.
1. He made me (do) it all over again.
2. He wants me (go) with him.
3. I prefer (drink) tea to coffee.
4. She can (sing) quite well.
5. Would you like (go) now or shall we (wait) till the end?
6. After (hear) that sorry, we dare not to go out.
7. I used to (live) in a caravan.
8. We enjoy (go) on a trip with our classmates.
9. You ought (go) today.
10. You needn‟t (say) anything.
11. I don‟t mind (wait) for you.
12. May I (use) your telephone?
13. They refused (help) me when I asked them.
14. Please let me (know) your decision.
15. It is easy (be) wise after that event.
16. You seem (know) this area well.
17. I advise her (start) (look) for a flat at once.
18. They don‟t allow (smoke) in the meeting room.
19. I can‟t stand her (behave) like that.
20. I tried (persuade) him (agree) with my project.
21. You are too young (ride) motorbike.
22. Before (give) evidence, you must (swear).
23. It is nice (see) you again.
24. My parents allowed me (go) with you.
25. We are fed up with (do) the same work everyday.
26. He is strong enough (lift) this metal box.
27. I intend (visit) him.
28. I have a mountain of work (do).
29. I can‟t help (sneeze) because I caught a cold.
30. It is very kind of you (say) so.
31. They keep (talk) about the animal performances.
32. Do you remember (buy) me a box of colored pencils?
33
33. We arrange (meet) them here.
34. I hate (listen) to Rap music.
35. He wore dark glasses to avoid (be) recognized.
36. Would you mind (close) the windows?
37. I wish (see) the Queen.
38. He stopped (smoke) two years ago.
39. We can‟t find the place where (park) the car.
40. She told me (follow) her.
41. He insisted on (see) the documents.
42. Ask him (come) in, please.
43. They succeeded in (escape) from the burning house.
44. The man began (fire).
45. The flight attendant reminded us (fasten) the belts.
46. This bag is worth (buy).
47. I‟m looking forward to (hear) from you soon.
48. There is no point in (go) by car when we can‟t find the parking place.
49. Be careful of (speed) cars when you cross the street.
50. We had better (meet) him this afternoon.
51. You‟d rather (not / go) out at midnight.
52. It is difficult for foreigners to get used to (eat) with chopsticks.
53. In England (drive) on the right-hand side of the road is illegal.
54. Sometimes Americans are said ( be) superficially friendly.
55. A lot of smokers want to quit (smoke).
56. She is very keen on (play) tennis.
57. Americans tend (be) informal in get-together.
58. You have to study harder (keep) pace with your classmates.
59. Mary will have (go) to New York next week.
60. My brother gave up (drink) beer 2 years ago.
61. Are you accustomed to (get) up early?
62. We have Mary (clean) and iron our clothes.
63. (smoke) is harmful to your health.
64. Seeing is (believe)
65. I have no objection to (hear) your story again.
66. Touch your toes without (bend) your knees.
34
67. I‟d hate (live) beside a volcano when it started
(erupt)
68. Even lazy people would rather (work) than starve.
69. They paused on the steps (look) at the beautiful garden.
70. He spent most of his time (work) in the garden.
71. Why does he detest (write) letters?
72. We are willing (check) our work.
73. It‟s no use (help) him, is it?
*****
35
PART IV: REPORTED SPEECH
1. Động từ ở phần tường thuật khi chia ở thì hiện tại đơn hay tương lai đơn thì chỉ thay
đổi các đại từ và tính từ sở hữu cho phù hợp với chủ từ và động từ của phần tường thuật.
Các thì của động từ của câu trong ngoặc kép không thay đổi.
Ex: “I‟m trying to get a taxi,” Tom says to Mary.
Tom tells Mary that he is trying to get a taxi.
2. The reporting verbs: say, tell, ask, suggest, warn (cảnh báo), remark (nhận xét),
advise, know, order (ra lệnh), be afraid, hope, be sure, be sorry…
Ex: He said, “I have lost my umbrella.”
He said that he had lost his umbrella.
The police said to the tourist, “You must be careful with your valuables.”
The police warned the tourist to be careful with their valuables.
3. Nếu Reporting Verbs chia ở quá khứ thì động từ của câu trong ngoặc kép thay đổi như
sau:
is / am / are was / were have / has had
V1 / -s / -es V2 / V –ed V2 / V –ed had V3
Can could Đổi đại từ nhân xưng: Ngôi 1 đổi theo Subj
May might I she / he / I
Will would My her / his / my
Shall should Me her / him / me
Must had to We they
Don‟t / doesn‟t didn‟t Our / us their / them
Các đại từ nhân xưng và tính từ sở hữu ở ngôi thứ ba không đổi: he, him, his, she, her,
they, them, their.
YOU và YOUR đổi theo nghĩa của túc từ.
Chỉ định hạn từ (demonstrative determiners) và trạng từ chỉ thời gian (Adverbs of time)
thay đổi như sau:
This that
These those
Here there
36
Today that day
Yesterday the day before, the previous day
Tomorrow the next day, the following day
Now then
Next week the following week
Last month the previous month
A year ago a year before
The day before yesterday two days before
The day after tomorrow in two day‟s time
4. Các loại câu:
a. “SVO”, svo svo that SVO
b. “V1 + O, PLEASE”, svo svo to V1 + O (bỏ chữ Please, Said to asked)
c. “DON‟T + V1 + O, please”, svo svo not to V1 + O. (bỏ chữ please)
d. “Yes – no question?”, svo. svo if / whether + SVO.
(bỏ Do / does thì đổi V1 thành V2 / V –ed) ( bỏ DID thì đổi V1 thành HAD V3 / V –ed)
e. “Wh- question?”, SVO. svo + Wh + SVO
(bỏ Do / does thì đổi V1 thành V2 / V –ed)
( bỏ DID thì đổi V1 thành HAD V3 / V –ed)
EXERCISE
Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1. “I have something to give you,” I said to her.
2. “Nothing grows in my garden. It never gets any sun,” she said.
3. “I am going away tomorrow, mother” he said.
4. “I will go to Ho Chi Minh city,” he said to me.
5. “I‟ve been in England for 2 months,” Peter said to me.
6. “It isn‟t foggy today as it was yesterday,” I remarked.
7. He said, “My wife has just bought a new house.”
8. “I‟ll come with you as soon as I am ready,” she said to me.
9. “You can keep that book if you like it, Ann,”, I said.
10. “I know exactly what they said,” he told me.
11. She said, “My father will take me to Da Lat next week.”
37
12. “I had an English lesson this evening,” said the small boy.
13. “I wrote to him on Sunday,” she said to me.
14. “If you press this button, you can hear the songs,” she said to me.
15. “If you leave home at six, you should be here by nine,” he said to me.
16. “You should do very well at university,” the headmaster said to us.
17. “Open the safe immediately, please.” The thief ordered the landlady.
18. “Please do as I said,” he told us.
19. He said, “Get out of my way.”
20. “Please pay at the desk,” said the assistant.
21. “Lend me your pen for a moment,” he asked me.
22. The secretary said, “Please fill up this form.”
23. “Don‟t behave like that, Daisy,” my mother said.
24. “Don‟t argue with your parents,” I said.
25. “Don‟t go near the water, children,” she said.
26. “Did you play for your school team?” said Bill.
27. “Does she go shopping with you?” he asked me.
28. “Would you like to have lunch with me?” he asked me.
29. “Can you get there and come back home in one day?” she said to me.
30. “Have you seen the library?” Ann asked him.
31. “Are there any stadium near the school?” they asked me.
32. “Were your boys happy at school?” I asked him.
33. “Do you know this man?” she said them.
34. “Why don‟t you like pop music?” he asked me.
35. “Who do you want to meet?” he said to me.
36. “Why don‟t you fill up this form?” The boss said to him.
37. “How much milk did you buy?” they asked me.
38. “When does the plane arrive in New York?” he asked her.
39. “What country do you come from?” said Lam.
40.”Which team has won the previous match?” I asked him.
41. “ Where were you last night, Peter?” My father asked.
42. “Whose car did you drive yesterday?” I asked Jack.
38
PART V: PASSIVE VOICE
1. THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE: Thì hiện tại đơn
Ex: Jane buys this book in Thu Duc.
This book is bought in Thu Duc by Jane.
2. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE: Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn.
Ex: John is looking at the damaged car.
The damaged car is being looked at (by John.)
3. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: Thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
Ex: The Smiths have built a new house near the river.
A new house near the river has been built (by the Smiths.)
4. PAST SIMPLE TENSE: Thì quá khứ đơn
Active: I, We, You, They, Plural Noun + V1 + O + R
He, she, it, Proper name, Singular Noun + V –s / -es + O + R
Passive: S + is / am / are + V3 / V –ed (P.P) + R + by O
Active: I + am
We / you / they + are + V-ing + O + R
He / she / it / tên + is
Passive: S + have / has + been + P.P + R + by O
Active: I, We, You, They + have + P.P + O + R
He, she, it, tên + has
Passive: S + have / has + been + P.P + R + by O
Active: S + V2 / V –ed + O + R
Passive: S + was / were + P.P + R + by O
39
Ex: Jane wrote a letter to her family yesterday.
A letter was written by Jane to her family yesterday.
5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE: Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
Ex: The police were chasing the thief.
The thief was being chased by the police.
6. PAST PERFECT TENSE: Thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Ex: We had eaten lunch before they arrived.
Lunch had been eaten (by us) before they arrived.
7. THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE: Thì tương lai đơn
Ex: Bob and Kathy will buy a new car next month.
A new car will be bought by Bob and Kathy next month.
Modal verbs: can, could, may, might, would, should, must, have to, ought to, be able
to cũng áp dụng công thức này.
Ex: We can‟t repair this car (because it is too old.)
This car can‟t be repaired.
Active: we, you, they, Ns + were + V-ing + O + R
I, he, she, it, tên + was
Passive: S + was / were + being + P.P + R + by O
Active: S + had + V3 / V –ed + O + R
Passive: S + had + been + V3 / V -ed + R + by O
Active: I, We + shall / will + V1 + O + R
He, she, it, you, they + will
Passive: S + shall / will + be + V3 / V –ed + R + by O
40
8.THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE: Thì tương lai tiếp diễn
Ex: The director will be seeing the new employees tomorrow.
The new employees will be being seen by the director tomorrow.
9. THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE: Thì tương lai hoàn thành
Ex: I shall have met and interviewed 10 applicants for the job by lunch time.
10 applicants for the job will have been met and interviewed (by me) by lunch
time.
10. THE NEAR FUTURE TENSE: Thì tương lai gần
Ex: The company is going to cut down the admin costs.
The admin costs are going to be cut down.
11. SOME SPECIAL FORMS OF PASSIVE VOICE:
Ex: People believe that the government‟s savings policy will fail.
It is believed that the government‟s savings policy will fail.
The government‟s savings policy is believed to fail.
Active: S + will / shall + be + V-ing + O + R
Passive: S + will / shall + be + being + V3 / V -ed + R + by O
Active: S + will / shall + have + V3 + O + R
Passive: S + will / shall + have + been + V3 / V –ed + R + by O
Active: S + is / am / are + going + to V1 + O + R
Passive: S + is / am / are + going + to + be + V3 / V –ed + R + by O
Active: People / they + believe / think / say / report + that SVO
Passive: It is + believed / thought / said / reported + that SVO
S + be + believed / thought / said / reported + to V1 + O
41
Ex: Close your book, please.
Let your book be closed.
Ex: It is your duty to go to work on time.
You are supposed to go to work on time.
Ex: I have the barber cut my hair.
I have my hair cut.
Ex: She makes me feel happy.
I am made to feel happy.
She continues to sing a song in her room.
A song continues to be sung in her room (by her).
Active: V1 + O, please. Don‟t V1 + O
Passive: Let + O + be + V3 / V –ed S + be not to / mustn‟t + V1
Active: It is one‟s (tính từ sở hữu) duty + to V1 + O
Passive: S + be supposed + to V1 + O
Active: have
S + has + someone + V1…
Passive: had + something + V3 / V –ed…
be having
Active: S + hear / make / let / see / watch / help + O + V1…
Passive: S + be + hear / made / let / seen / helped + to V1
Active: S + continue / begin + to V1 + O + R
Passive: S + continue / begin + to be V3 / V -ed + R + by O
42
EXERCISE
Put the transitive verbs into the passive voice. Do not mention the agent unless it seems
necessary.
1. The milkman / brings / the milk / to my door.
.............................................................................................................................................
2. People / steal / things / from supermarkets everyday.
.............................................................................................................................................
3. The men / sweep / this street / every day.
.............................................................................................................................................
4. An ambulance / takes / that sick man / to hospital.
.............................................................................................................................................
5. A carpenter / makes / this table / for us today.
.............................................................................................................................................
6. Women / are cleaning / the office / now.
.............................................................................................................................................
7. They / are polishing / the general‟s car.
.............................................................................................................................................
8. My father / is planting / trees / in the garden.
.............................................................................................................................................
9. They / are demolishing / the entire housing block.
.............................................................................................................................................
10. We / have bought / this house / since 1995.
.............................................................................................................................................
11. Peter / has sent / her / this gift.
.............................................................................................................................................
12. They haven‟t stamped the letters.
43
.............................................................................................................................................
13. They have sold their car since 2000.
.............................................................................................................................................
14. He has built this building since we came here.
.............................................................................................................................................
15. The boys haven‟t stamped their letters yet.
.............................................................................................................................................
16. She / left / her umbrella / in the cinema.
.............................................................................................................................................
17. He / didn‟t pay / me / for the work.
.............................................................................................................................................
18. She introduced me to her mother.
.............................................................................................................................................
19. Somebody stole 20 bottles of whisky from this shelf last week.
.............................................................................................................................................
20. The robbers killed 5 people on the road last month.
.............................................................................................................................................
21. They suggested allowing us to buy those house.
.............................................................................................................................................
22. You / must type / this report / carefully.
.............................................................................................................................................
23. They / will bring / letters / to the house.
.............................................................................................................................................
24. You / can‟t give / her / this book.
.............................................................................................................................................
25. He should leave these documents in the office.
44
.............................................................................................................................................
26. We shall build a new bridge here next year.
.............................................................................................................................................
27. A machine could do this work much more easily.
.............................................................................................................................................
28. Candidates may not use the dictionaries.
.............................................................................................................................................
29. You need not type this letter now.
.............................................................................................................................................
30. You must not move this man because he is too ill.
.............................................................................................................................................
31. Someone had picked my keys up in the street.
.............................................................................................................................................
32. They handed round the coffee and biscuits.
.............................................................................................................................................
33. You have to give the books back.
.............................................................................................................................................
34. He seems to have made a serious mistake.
.............................................................................................................................................
35. It is your duty to make tea at 7 o‟clock.
You are ................................................................................................................................
36. People know that he is a famous scientist.
It is ......................................................................................................................................
He is ....................................................................................................................................
37. They believe that Americans are superficially friendly.
It is ......................................................................................................................................
45
Americans are ....................................................................................................................
38. Don‟t touch that switch.
.............................................................................................................................................
39. You need to do this work.
.............................................................................................................................................
40. It is impossible to repair this machine.
.............................................................................................................................................
41. We‟ll continue to use this computer.
.............................................................................................................................................
42. They began to plant rubber trees in this plantation.
.............................................................................................................................................
43. Employment is the most important thing to the youth today.
Employment is said .............................................................................................................
44. Open your book.
Let your ...............................................................................................................................
45. Don‟t say that silly sentence again.
Don‟t let ..............................................................................................................................
46. Don‟t let the other people see you
.............................................................................................................................................
47. His parents have made him work like a horse.
He ........................................................................................................................................
48. They suggested banning the sale of alcohol at football matches.
The sale ...............................................................................................................................
49. We considered that he was the best singer in this city.
He was .................................................................................................................................
46
PART VI: SUBJECT AND VEBR AGREEMENT
Plural verb form: ARE, WERE, HAVE, V1 (go, want,...)
Singular verb form: IS, WAS, HAS, Vs, Ves (goes, does, watches, loves, wants,...)
1. Hai danh từ đếm được nối với nhau bằng chữ “AND” thì chia động từ ở số nhiều.
Ex: Book and Note-book are (be) put on the table.
Peter and Mary are playing chess.
2. Hai danh từ không đếm được chỉ cùng một món ăn hoặc 2 phrases nối với nhau bằng liên
từ “AND” thì chia động từ ở số ít.
Ex: Bread and milk is (be) delicious.
Early to bed and early to rise makes (make) a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
3. Số đếm đi trước chữ “POUNDS, KILOS, MILES, DAYS, MONTHS, WEEKS, YEARS”
chia động từ ở dạng số ít.
Ex: Ten pounds is (be) as much as I give you.
Four months is (be) a long time to wait.
It is (be) two miles to the station.
4. Chú ý cụm từ A number of hay The number of
Ex: A number of students were (be) absent yesterday.
The number of strudents is (be) limited to twenty.
Countable Noun + and + Countable Noun Plural Verb
Uncountable Noun + and + Uncountable Noun Singular Verb
Phrase + and + Phrase Singular Verb
Cardinal number + POUNDS, KILOS, MILES Singular Verb.
A number of + Noun Plural Verb (V1)
The number of + Noun Singular Verb (V-s/-es)
47
5. Các danh từ chỉ báo chí, tên riêng, tên phim, tựa đề bài hát, tựa đề tác phẩm, bệnh, môn
học, mặc dù tận cùng là “S” nhưng vẫn chia động từ ở dạng ngôi thứ ba số ít.
Ex: The Rock and Roll is (be) a famous music band.
“The call of the wild” is (be) written by Jack London.
Mathematics is (be) my favourise subject.
Tuberculosis is (be) an infectious disease.
AIDS is (be) a dangerous disease.
Here is (be) the 10 o‟clock news.
The United Nations consists (consist) of about 160 nations.
6. Phân số + danh từ thì động từ hòa hợp với danh từ đứng liền ngay trước nó.
Ex: Three-fourths of the roof is (be) painted.
Two-fourths of apples are (be) yours.
7. Động từ hòa hợp với chủ từ thứ 2:
S1 + or + S2
Either + S1 + or + S2
Neither + S1 + nor + S2
Not only + S1 + but also + S2 V
Some/half/most + of + N (Plural Noun + plural V)
A few/all/none + of + Ns (Singular Noun + singular V)
Both/many/several + of + Ns
No + N
8. Động từ hòa hợp với chủ từ thứ nhất.
with
along with
S1 + , as well as +S2, + Verb
accompanied by
together with
9. Each
Either
Neither + (of) + Noun/Ns + is/was/Vs/es
One (Luôn được theo sau bởi động từ số ít)
48
Every
Gerund (V-ing)
That clause
10. The adjective is used as a noun + Plural verb
Nationality + plural verb
Ex: The Vietnamese people are hard-working.
The poor need to be helped by everyone.
11. Collective noun + plural verb (refer to the members)
(Danh từ tập hợp) + singular verb (refer to whole group)
Ex: This team plays/play very well.
His family is/are friendly.
A lot of cattle are grazing in the field.
12. The MAJORITY + singular verb
The MAJORITY of + Plural Noun + Plural Verb.
Ex: The majority believes that he is the richest man in the world.
The majority of students believe that she is a good teacher.
EXCERCISE
Give the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1. Some of the money (be) yours.
2. Most of the students (be) absent today.
3. The Spanish (be) brave.
4. Neither Tom nor I (be) there last night.
5. The pens and papers (be) on the table.
6. Bread and butter (be) on what he asks for.
7. My old friends and classmate (live) near here.
8. John and his brothers (be) going to help me tomorrow.
49
9. “Snow White and seven Dwarfs” (be) an interesting story.
10. Two thirds of the members (be) present.
11. Many students (find) Mary to inform her a good news.
12. Half of the money (be) yours.
13. Either Peter or his sisters (meet) you.
14. Neither teachers nor I (be) in the hall.
15. Not only the girls but also Mary (break) the glass of window.
16. The boy accompanied by his parents (go) to school.
17. Four months (be) a long time to wait.
18. The number of new books (be) on the table.
19. A number of new books (be) arranged on the shelves.
20. Bread and milk (be) delicious.
21. Early to bed and early to rise (make) a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
22. Ten pounds (be) as much as I give you.
23. Two year (be) along time to wait.
24. It (be) two miles from here to the station.
25. A number of students (be) absent yesterday.
26. The number of students (be) playing football in the school yard.
27. The Rock and Roll (be) a famous music band.
28. Three-fourths of the roof (be) painted.
29. Two-fourths of apples (be) yours.
30. Each of the students in the class (study) English for six years.
31. Mary with her parents (like) classical music.
32. Physics (be) her favorite subject.
33. The United States of American (consist) of 50 states.
34. The Vietnamese people (be) very hard-working.
50
35. Athens (be) the capital of Greece.
36. Measles (be) an infectious disease.
37. Linguistics (be) a subject which is taught in this university.
38. Two-thirds of the competitors (be) present.
39. Twenty year (be) not a long period of the time in human history.
40. A number of new books (be) arranged on the shelves.
41. “Five little pigs” (be) written by Christies.
42. Either she or her brother (buy) this house.
43. Not only I but also Tom (want) to go out at once.
44. Half of these apples (be) yours.
45. The boys accompanied with their mother (go) to school today.
46. Four pounds (be) enough for me.
47. The number of guests (stay) here tonight.
48. To study well and to get good marks (be) our happiness.
49. The Smiths (be) having dinner now.
50. Hunting (be) forbidden these days.
51. Smoking (be) harmful to your health.
52. Each of students (have) to keep the class clean.
53. Neither of you (be) absent today.
54. You are the only person who (come) here lately.
55. It is these people who (kill) him.
56. All of salt (be) carried to the highland.
57. All of workers (march) in the street.
58. Each of these trousers (cost) 100 thousand dong.
59. A few of chickens (be) killed in this month.
60. Several of you (have) to plant these trees.
51
61. Fifty thousand dong (be) too much to pay for that book.
62. That makes my parents happy (be) my good marks at school.
63. A lot of vinegar (be) used for making the mixed salad yesterday.
64. Peach and cream (be) special food in the restaurant.
65. Neither my clothes nor my hat (go) with your dress.
66. The package of cigarettes (be) on the table.
67. Everybody (have) a good time here,
68. Neither of the answers (be) correct.
69. Forty miles on the road (seem) like two hundred.
70. My motorbike together with their bicycles (was/were) stolen.
71. The girls, as well as the boy, (has/have) learnt to ride.
72. My father accompanied by my sister (be) waiting over there.
73. The ship with its goods (be) going to leave the port tonight.
74. Two pounds of coffee (cost) about 50,000VDN.
75. The boys in the room (be) studying.
76. The study of languages (be) very interesting.
77. The actress, along with her friends, (be) going to a party tonight.
78. John, along with 20 friends, (be) planning a party.
79. The picture of the soldiers (bring) back many memories.
80. The quality of these recordings (be) not very good.
81. Living expenses in this city, as well as in many others, (be) at an all-
time high.
82. If the duties of these officers (be) not reduced, there won‟t be enough
time to finish the project.
83. Advertisements on TV (be) becoming more competitive than ever before.
84. Something (be) under the house.
85. Nobody (work) harder than John does.
52
86. No problem (be) harder to solve than this one.
87. If either of you (take) a vacation now, we can‟t finish the work on
time.
88. None of the students (have) finished the exam yet.
*****
53
PART VII: INVERSION
1. Questions:
Ex: What are you looking for?
Why do you to study English?
Has your father arrived?
Are you reading the magazine?
2. Exclamations:
Ex: Isn‟t it cold? = How cold it is!
Hasn‟t she got lovely eyes? = What lovely eyes she has got!
Am I mad! = How mad I am!
3. After SO, NEITHER, NOR:
Ex: I‟m very hungry. So is he.
We don‟t like beer. Neither do they.
He cannot play tennis. Nor can she.
The room was so tidy that you needn‟t arrange anything.
So tidy was the room that you needn‟t arrange anything.
4. After negative and restrictive expressions:
is / am / are
was / were
WH- + will / shall / may / can … + Subject + (main Verb) + (Object)?
have / has / had (thì perfect)
do / does / did
(Auxiliaries)
Auxiliaries
Auxiliary + Subject + (V) + Object?
54
Một số trạng từ hoặc ngữ trạng từ được đưa lên đầu câu để nhấn mạnh thì chúng thường
được theo sau bởi một trợ động từ và chủ từ (đảo ngữ)
Ex: Under no circumstances can we cash cheques.
At no time was the President aware of what was happening.
Not until much later did she learn who her real father was.
Hardly had I arrived when trouble started.
Seldom have I seen such an interesting film.
Little did he realize the danger he faced.
Never does she behave like that.
Only then did I understand what she meant.
Only after her death did I recognize she was my mother.
Not only did we lose our money but we were nearly killed.
Not a single word did she say.
On no condition are they to fire.
In no case can you come out of the room.
5. Conditional clause:
Trong câu điều kiện có thể đảo WERE và HAD lên trước chủ ngữ và bỏ chữ IF.
Ex: If I were a millionaire, I would buy that castle.
Were I a millionaire, I would buy that castle.
Had we not spent all the money already, we would have lent you some.
6. Whole verb before subject:
Một số trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn khi được đưa lên đầu câu để nhấn mạnh thì phải đảo toàn
bộ động từ chính của câu đó lên trước chủ từ.
Ex: Under the tree was lying one of the biggest men I had ever seen.
On the grass sat an enormous frog.
Near the window sits a handsome boy!
Along the road came a strange person.
55
Here comes Jack
There goes your brother.
Khi chủ ngữ là một đại từ nhân xưng thì không được đảo ngữ.
Ex: Here she comes.
There you are.
Trong câu nói trực tiếp, một số động từ tường thuật như: SAID, ASKED,
SUGGESTED, REPLIED, ORDER… thường được đặt trước chủ ngữ.
Ex: “Why don‟t you go with me?”, asked she.
EXERCISE
Put the adverb or adverbial phrase at the beginning of the sentence to emphasize:
1. Mrs. Jones spends too much time making this dress.
..............................................................................................................................................
2. He rarely comes to see me these days.
..............................................................................................................................................
3. The doctor had hardly fallen asleep when the phone rang.
..............................................................................................................................................
4. He not only spent all his money but also borrowed some from me.
..............................................................................................................................................
5. They had little success, but they were tireless workers.
..............................................................................................................................................
6. She has never been in such an embarrassing situation.
..............................................................................................................................................
7. I remembered her name only after she had gone.
..............................................................................................................................................
Only after ..........................................................................................................................
8. I really understood the lesson only after he had explained it 3 times.
..............................................................................................................................................
9. Many beautiful roses grew in the garden of the palace.
56
..............................................................................................................................................
10. If the workers had worked harder, they would have got the bonus.
..............................................................................................................................................
11. If I were you, I wouldn‟t‟ t live in the city.
..............................................................................................................................................
12. We seldom enjoy such a quiet evening.
..............................................................................................................................................
13. A modern building stands near the bridge.
14. We have made real progress only within the last 20 years.
.................................................................................................................................................
15. If the Union were to call a strike, the situation would be more serious.
.................................................................................................................................................
16. He told me that story many times.
.................................................................................................................................................
17. He had no sooner arrived than many people waited for him.
.................................................................................................................................................
18. The bus which we‟ve been waiting for is coming there.
.................................................................................................................................................
19. My father will not come home until he finishes his work.
.................................................................................................................................................
20. I had hardly closed my eyes when the phone rang.
.................................................................................................................................................
21. She was scarcely inside the house before the kids went to bed.
.................................................................................................................................................
22. She had no sooner closed the door than somebody knocked.
.................................................................................................................................................
23. We no sooner sat down in the train than I felt sick.
.................................................................................................................................................
24. She had hardly come here when she met him.
.................................................................................................................................................
25. I had hardly asked some information about him when he arrived.
.................................................................................................................................................
57
26. She had no sooner agreed to marry him than she started to have terrible doubts.
.................................................................................................................................................
27. Steve no sooner met Jane than he fell in love with her.
.................................................................................................................................................
28. She had never expected that she was so successful.
.................................................................................................................................................
29. You can drive a car only after you obtain a driving license.
.................................................................................................................................................
30. Their flight left only after a twelve-hour wait.
.................................................................................................................................................
31. He suspected the money had been stolen at no time.
.................................................................................................................................................
32. He recognized that he had been deceived only later.
.................................................................................................................................................
33. You can do this successfully only with your friend‟s help.
.................................................................................................................................................
34. Our neighbor has not once invited us into his house.
.................................................................................................................................................
35. The workers only called off the strike after a new pay offer.
Only after ..........................................................................................................................
36. You should phone the police under no circumstances.
Under ...............................................................................................................................
37. I did not realize who he was until later.
Only later ..........................................................................................................................
38. I have never seen such a mess in my life.
Never in .............................................................................................................................
39. He did not give me a penny.
Not a penny .......................................................................................................................
40. The King has never resigned before.
Never before......................................................................................................................
41. I have never seen such a stupid person.
58
Never ...............................................................................................................................
42. He will not gambling until he loses all his money.
Not only ...........................................................................................................................
43. She is not only very beautiful but she is also very intelligent.
Not only ...........................................................................................................................
44. He had scarcely entered the room when he was attacked.
Scarcely ............................................................................................................................
45. He had no sooner begun his vacation than he become ill.
No sooner .........................................................................................................................
46. He will be able to walk again only after an operation.
Only .................................................................................................................................
47. The tallest man whom he had ever met stood there.
There ...............................................................................................................................
48. A few pieces of furniture were inside the room.
...................................................................................................................................................
49. A tall soldier walked around the corner.
...................................................................................................................................................
50. The schoolgirls rarely sat together without saying a word.
...................................................................................................................................................
51. She looked so fat that everyone laughed at her.
...................................................................................................................................................
52. An old ruined cottage was near the church.
...................................................................................................................................................
53. I had climbed that hill many times as I was young.
...................................................................................................................................................
54. You will find so many people nowhere else.
...................................................................................................................................................
55. They seldom write to me.
...................................................................................................................................................
56. We can accept cheques under no circumstances.
...................................................................................................................................................
59
57. His father has rarely been more helpful.
...................................................................................................................................................
58. He seldom keeps his promise.
...................................................................................................................................................
59. I had hardly walked out of my house when I met him.
...................................................................................................................................................
60. They no longer visited their relatives.
...................................................................................................................................................
61. They unknown soldiers lie here.
...................................................................................................................................................
62. I had not known her until he told me.
...................................................................................................................................................
63. You will hardly finish your work before it‟s dark.
...................................................................................................................................................
64. He found a job nowhere after he had graduated from college.
...................................................................................................................................................
65. It is seldom wise to say too much about oneself.
...................................................................................................................................................
66. It is hot enough to sit outside only in summer.
...................................................................................................................................................
67. I no longer live with my parents when I was 18 years old.
...................................................................................................................................................
68. She can find her purse nowhere although she had searched everywhere.
...................................................................................................................................................
69. Tom can hardly pass the driving test because his eyes are very weak.
...................................................................................................................................................
70. He quitted his job only because he didn‟t like the boss.
...................................................................................................................................................
71. The computer can not only gather facts but it can also store them.
...................................................................................................................................................
72. The crying girl ran out of the house.
...................................................................................................................................................
60
73. He had no sooner put down the receiver than the telephone rang again.
No sooner ..................................................................................................................................
74. The thieves little realized that the people had already thrown a cordon round the bank.
Little ..........................................................................................................................................
75. He should on no account return to work until he had made a complete recovery.
On no account ...........................................................................................................................
76. I wouldn‟t doubt his integrity for one moment.
Not for .......................................................................................................................................
77. The smoke is so poisonous that many people are unconscious.
So poisonous .............................................................................................................................
78. His fear of failing the exam was such that he resorted to cheating.
...................................................................................................................................................
79. Such a situation should never again be allowed to raise.
...................................................................................................................................................
80. The pilot agreed to land the plane only when the hijackers threatened to shoot some of the
passengers.
...................................................................................................................................................
81. The back of this radio should under no circumstances be removed unless the set has first
been disconnected at the mains.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
82. Such a major operation has proved completely successful in very few cases.
...................................................................................................................................................
83. He had, no doubt, good reason for thinking as he does. (không đảo ngữ)
...................................................................................................................................................
84. It has been found that, in a few cases, people can have this disease.
...................................................................................................................................................
85. People didn‟t discover AIDS until 1981.
...................................................................................................................................................
86. Martin had no sooner sat down than the telephone rang.
...................................................................................................................................................
87. She has made good progress only within 2 months.
...................................................................................................................................................
61
88. It is hot enough to sit outside only in summer
...................................................................................................................................................
89. She is no longer busy doing he homework.
...................................................................................................................................................
90. The tickets are here for the football match.
...................................................................................................................................................
*****
62
PART VIII: SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
MODEL 1:
S + be + adjective + Noun S + verb + adverb
Ex: He is a fluent English speaker. (speak)
He speaks English fluently.
2. Morgan is a slow driver. (drive)
Morgan ................................................................................................................................
3. They are lazy students. (study)
They ....................................................................................................................................
4. Mary is an excellent dancer. (dance)
Mary ....................................................................................................................................
5. Peter is a hard worker. (work)
Peter ...................................................................................................................................
6. They are fast runner. (run)
They ....................................................................................................................................
7. They are fast typists. (type)
They ....................................................................................................................................
8. Daisy is a good singer. (sing)
Daisy ...................................................................................................................................
9. Tony and Bobby are very good footballers. (play)
Tony and Bobby ..................................................................................................................
MODEL 2:
S + have / has + V3 + O + FOR + time. S + (Last) + V2 / V –ed + O + time + ago
1. She has typed these letters for 4 hours.
63
She typed ............................................................................................................................
2. They have started singing for 2 hours.
They started .........................................................................................................................
3. They have waited for you for 30 minutes.
They waited .........................................................................................................................
4. She‟s swum for an hour
She swam ............................................................................................................................
5. They have saved money for a month
They saved ..........................................................................................................................
6. He‟s built that house for 9 months.
They built ............................................................................................................................
7. We haven‟t met her for five years.
We last ................................................................................................................................
MODEL 3:
1. I haven‟t eaten this kind of food before.
Ex: I haven‟t eaten this kind of food before.
This is the first time I have eaten this kind of food.
2. We haven‟t talked to such a good scientist before.
This is the first time ............................................................................................................
have
S + has + not / never + P.P (V3 / V –ed) + Object BEFORE
had
It is the first time + S + have / has / had + P.P (V3 / V –ed) + Object
The last time + S + V2 / V –ed + O + was + thời gian + (ago)
S + LAST + V2 / V –ed + O + since / when + time clause
It‟s + thời gian + SINCE + S + V2 / V –ed…
64
3. She hasn‟t traveled by air before.
This is the first time ............................................................................................................
4. I have never tasted pheasant before.
This is the first time ............................................................................................................
5. We have never eaten this kind of meat before.
This is the first time ............................................................................................................
6. She hasn‟t seen that boy here before.
It‟s .......................................................................................................................................
7. They have never eaten snake before.
It is ......................................................................................................................................
8. He hasn‟t been to Britain for 3 years.
The last time he ...................................................................................................................
9. I haven‟t played tennis since 1998.
The last time I .....................................................................................................................
10. I haven‟t seen him since I was a student.
I last saw .............................................................................................................................
11. She hasn‟t written to us since 2002.
The last time she .................................................................................................................
12.I haven‟t enjoyed myself so much for years.
It‟s years since.....................................................................................................................
13. The telephone has rung for 5 minutes.
It‟s a 5 minutes since...........................................................................................................
14. It is ages since Alan visited his aunt.
Alan hasn‟t ..........................................................................................................................
15. I last saw her 5 years ago.
I haven‟t seen ......................................................................................................................
65
16. John hasn‟t had his hair cut for 4 months.
It‟s 4 months .......................................................................................................................
17. I haven‟t played football since 1990.
The last time I ...................................................................................................... in 1990.
18. We haven‟t seen Tom since he moved to Bristol.
We last ................................................................................................................................
MODEL 4:
Ex: The station was nearer than I thought.
The station wasn‟t as far as I thought.
2. Jack is younger than he looks.
Jack isn‟t as old ...................................................................................................................
3.I go out less than I used to. (more than)
I don‟t .................................................................................................................................
4. Health and happiness are more important than money.
Money isn‟t .........................................................................................................................
5. The hotel is cheaper than I think.
The hotel isn‟t .....................................................................................................................
6. It‟s warmer today than yesterday.
Yesterday isn‟t ....................................................................................................................
7. The problem is more complicated than you think.
The problem isn‟t ................................................................................................................
8. You speak English more fluently than I
S + V + short Adjective – ER + than + S …
MORE Long adjective
S + V + not + AS + Adj (trái nghĩa) + AS + S….
66
I don‟t .................................................................................................................................
9. The exam was easier than we expected.
The exam isn‟t.....................................................................................................................
MODEL 5:
Ex: They think that the owner of the house is abroad.
It is thought that the owner of the house is abroad.
The owner of the house is thought to be abroad.
2. People believe that 13 is unlucky number.
It is ....................................................................................................................................
13 is thought ........................................................................................................................
3. They say that John is the most intelligent student in the class.
It is ....................................................................................................................................
John is .................................................................................................................................
4. People think that Jack London and his writings present the American love of
adventure.
It is ....................................................................................................................................
say
They know
People think that + S2 + V + O
Someone believe
find
rumour
It + is / was + V3 / V -ed that + S2 + V + O
S2 + be + V3 / V -ed + to V1 + O
(Qk) to have V3 + O
67
Jack London and .................................................................................................................
5. People said that he treated his wife badly.
It was ...................................................................................................................................
He was .................................................................................................................................
6. Someone rumored that he had escaped to the forest.
It was ...................................................................................................................................
He was .................................................................................................................................
7. They say that tortoises live longer than elephants.
It is ....................................................................................................................................
Tortoises are ........................................................................................................................
8. They thought that he was innocent.
It was ...................................................................................................................................
He was .................................................................................................................................
9. People believe that French team will win the Cup.
It is ....................................................................................................................................
French team is .....................................................................................................................
10. They thought that he had worked there for 12 hours.
It was ...................................................................................................................................
He was .................................................................................................................................
MODEL 6:
Ex: I‟ve never heard such a funny story.
have
S + has + not / never + P.P (V3 / V –ed) + Such a / an + Adjective + Noun
had
That is + the short Adjective – EST + N + that + S + have / has + ever + P.P
It is the MOST long adjective
68
That‟s the first time I‟ve ever heard such a funny story.
2. He‟s never made such a bad mistake.
It is the.................................................................................................... he has ever made.
3. I haven‟t tasted such good coffee for a long time.
It is the.................................................................................................................................
4. I‟ve never slept in such an uncomfortable bed.
This is ..................................................................................................................................
5. She has never eaten such a big metal.
It is the.................................................................................................................................
6. I‟ve never meet such a generous person as Ann.
Ann is the ............................................................................................................................
7. We‟ve never had such a good friend as you
You are ................................................................................................................................
8. He has never made such a difficult decision for years.
This is ..................................................................................................................................
MODEL 7: Đề nghị, khuyên bảo
S + advise + Object (person) + to infinitive ( V1)...
S + had better/ought to/should + infinitive (V1)... Tốt hơn là...nên
S1 + suggest + That + S2 + should + V1...
S1 + suggest + V-ing...
Why don‟t + Subject + V1...?
Let‟s + V1...
Shall we + V1...?
Do you feel like + V-ing...?
69
Ex: He advises them to quit smoking.
They should quit smoking.
2. They had better buy that villa.
She advised .........................................................................................................................
3. “ Let‟s go for a walk in the park,” said Mary.
Mary suggested that we ......................................................................................................
4. In my opinion you are not telling the truth.
I suggest that .......................................................................................................................
5. “ Why don‟t you buy this picture as a wedding present?” said Ann.
Ann suggested that ..............................................................................................................
6. He prefers drinking coffee to tea.
He would rather...................................................................................................................
7. She prefers going to the movie to stay at home. (would rather...than)
She‟d rather ……………………………………………………………………………….
8. They prefer becoming a doctor to nurse.
They‟d rather .......................................................................................................................
9. I advise him to put his money in the bank.
He should ............................................................................................................................
10. She had better meet him today to negotiate about this contract.
I suggest ..............................................................................................................................
11. Let‟s go to the cinema.
Why don‟t ..........................................................................................................................
12. Why don‟t Mary and Peter buy this villa?
I think Mary and Peter ........................................................................................................
70
MODEL 8:
Ex: They once started this machine by hands.
They used to start this machine by hand.
MODEL 9: Causative form
Ex: We asked the porter to take our luggage into the room.
We had the porter take our luggage into the room.
We had our luggage taken into the room by the porter.
MODEL 10:
Ex: She typed this letter in 10 minutes.
It took her 10 minutes to type this letter.
The flight to Hanoi lasted 3 hours.
It took us 3 hours to fly to Hanoi.
MODEL 11:
Ex: To sit here with you is nice.
S + once + V2 + O. S + used to + V1 + O.
S + ask / demand / require + O + to V1
S + have / has + Somebody + V1...
+ Something + V3/V-ed...
S + V + O + (in) + thời gian.
It takes / took + O (Người) + thời gian + to V1...
To V1 / V-ing + is/was + Adjective.
It + is/was + Adjective + to V1/V-ing
How + Adjective + (it is) + to V1
71
To sit here with you is nice.
It is nice to sit here with you.
How nice it is to sit here with you.
MODEL 12:
Ex : I don‟t have a car.
I wish I had a car.
Mary didn‟t go to my party last night.
Mary wishes she had gone to my party last night.
What a pity you failed the driving test.
We wish you hadn‟t failed the driving test.
EXERCISE
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the
sentence printed before it.
1. They can swim farther than us.
We can‟t…………………………………………………………………………………
2. They built the house in 2 years.
It took……………………………………………………………………………..………
(don‟t/doesn‟t) V1/s/es
S + (didn‟t) V2/V-ed + O
Will (not) V1
Would V1
V2/V-ed + O
S + wish (es) + S
Had V3/V-ed + O
72
3. I walked to school in 20 minutes.
It took me…………………………………………………………………………………
4. It takes 6 hours to drive from London to Edinburgh.
We spend…………………………………………………………………………………
5. This is a two-hour film.
This film takes…………………………………………………………………………
6. It is a thirty-minute lecture.
The lecture…………………………………………………………………………………
7. We haven‟t seen him for 5 years.
It is 5 years since……………………………………………………………………………
8. It was such rotten meat that it had to be thrown away.
That meat was so……………………………………………………………………………
9. That is such a rude man that everyone doesn‟t want to talk to him.
That man is…………………………………………………………………………………
10. The film is so boring that nobody wants to see it.
It is such…………………………………………………………………………………
11. The price is too high for us to buy this car.
The price is so…………………………………………………………………………
12. My friends find driving on the left difficult.
My friends aren‟t used to……………………………………………………………..
13. The car was too expensive for him to buy.
He can‟t afford…………………………………………………………………………
14. I can‟t play the guitar.
I wish I……………………………………………………………………………………
15. I wonder if you could explain this exercise for me.
Would you mind………………………………………………………………………
16. She didn‟t go to the wedding party last night.
73
She wishes she……………………………………………………………………………
17. Tom didn‟t begin to read until he was eight years old.
Not until…………………………………………………………………………………
18. The noise next door didn‟t stop until after midnight.
Not until…………………………………………………………………………………
19. There is no need for you to go there.
You needn‟t…………………………………………………………………………………
20. Tom will be eighteen next week.
It will be Tom‟s……………………………………………………………………………
21. She felt sick because she ate four cream cakes.
If she…………………………………………………………………………….…………
22. Because of the rough sea, the ferry couldn‟t sail.
Because…………………………………………………………………………………
23. “ You stole my cassette, Tom,” said Ann.
Ann told…………………………………………………………………………………
24. Handicapped people find shopping in supermarkets difficult.
It is difficult…………………………………………………………………………………
25. Without the proper treatment, he would have died.
If he hadn‟t…………………………………………………………………………………
26. He was sorry that he had not said goodbye to her at the airport.
He regretted…………………………………………………………………………………
27. It is pointless to have that old typewriter repaired.
That old typewriter isn‟t worth……………………………………………………………
28. The stories he told were so amusing. We call laughed merrily.
He made us…………………………………………………………………………………
29. I have never met such a famous person before.
He is the most………………………………………………………………………………
74
30. They traveled across India and then flew on to Japan.
After they had………………………………………………………………………………
31. I am always nervous when I travel by air.
Traveling by air makes…………………… ………………………………………………
32. She can try as hard as she likes, but she won‟t succeed.
No matter how hard she……………………………………………………………………
33. I went down with flu as soon as I had recovered from bronchitis (viêm phế quản).
No sooner had I……………………………………………………………………………
34. If we don‟t reduce air pollution, it will cause a lot of harm to our health.
Unless we…………………………………………………………………………………
35. Although it rained heavily we went to school yesterday.
In spite of…………………………………………………………………………………
36. Despite the thick foggy, we can‟t stop here.
Even though………………………………………………………………………………
37. In spite of a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.
Although…………………………………………………………………………………
38. Although his legs were broken, he managed to get out of the car.
Despite his…………………………………………………………………………………
39. Although it rained continuously, we all enjoyed the excursion.
In spite of…………………………………………………………………………………
40. Too see a new film is exciting.
It is…………………………………………………………………………………
41. He is a famous reporter and many people know him.
He is such…………………………………………………………………………………
75
PART IX: ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS
1. CÁC BẬC SO SÁNH CỦA TÍNH TỪ HOẶC TRẠNG TỪ:
a – Comparison of equality:
Ex: She is as tall as her mother (is).
He is as intelligent as his brother (is).
I drive as carefully as he does/him.
b – Inferiority:
Ex: She is not so tall as her mother.
He drives less carelessly than she does/her.
Ex: She is not so tall as her mother.
He drives less carelessly than she does/ her.
c – Comparative:
Ex: He is taller than me.
I play the organ better than him.
He types faster than me.
His sister is younger than my sister.
My shoes are newer than hers.
Ex: I drive more carefully than him.
Peter is more intelligent than Mary.
We run more slowly than those students (do).
S1 + V +AS + adjective / adverb + AS + S2 (V)/O.
S1 + V + NOT + AS / SO + adjective / adverb + AS + S2 (V)/O.
(don‟t / doesn‟t V1)
S1 + V + LESS + long adjective / adverb + THAN + S2
S1 + V + Short adjective – ER + THAN + S2 (V)/O.
Short adverb – ER
S1 + V + MORE + Long adjective + THAN + S2 (V)/O.
Long adverb
76
d – Superlative:
Ex: She is the most beautiful girl in my class.
He is the fastest worker in my company.
Tom is the most careless driver that I‟ve ever known.
e – Irregular adjective:
Good / well better best tốt
Bad / badly worse worst tồi tệ, xấu
Many / Much more most nhiều
Little less least ít
Old older / elder oldest / eldest già, cũ
Far farther / further farthest / furthest xa, hơn nữa
2. SO SÁNH KÉP:
Ex: “What size of box do you want?” – “The bigger the better.”
Ex: “What size of box do you want?” – The bigger the better.
“What time will we leave?” – “ The sooner the better.”
The warmer the weather is, the better I feel.
The earlier we leave, the sooner we arrive.
The more expensive the hotel is, the better service is.
The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be.
The more you have, the more you want.
3. TRẬT TỰ CỦA TÍNH TỪ :
1. Article
Possessive adjective
A, an, the
My, your, his, her, our, their
S + V + The Short adjective – EST + IN / OF + noun phrase.
THE MOST + long adj
The + Tính từ so sánh hơn + S +V, The + Tính từ so sánh hơn + S +V
Short adjective – ER Short adjective – ER
MORE long adjective MORE long adjective
77
Demonstrative
Indefinite
This, that, these, those
Some, any, all, both of, several, many, much...
2. Ordinal number
Cardinal number
First, second, third, fourth...
One, two, three...
3. Quality New, old, young...
4. Size Long, small, big...
5. Character Good, bad, kind, honest, modest...
6. Shape Round, square, rectangle...
7. Age 18-year-old
8. Color White, black, blue...
9. Nation / origin English, Chinese, Japanese...
10. Material / purpose Woolen, terylene, wooden...
11. Head noun Teacher, table, shirt...
Vị trí của tính từ trong câu:
Tính từ được đặt trước danh từ và bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đó.
Tính từ có thể đặt sau trạng từ.
Tính từ đặt sau động từ “TO BE” và nó làm thuộc từ để bổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ.
4. TÍNH TỪ TẬN CÙNG BẰNG “-ING” VÀ “-ED”
Amusing Amused Amazing Amazed
Astonishing Astonished Annoying Annoyed
Boring Bored Confusing Confused
Disappointing Disappointed Depressing Depressed
Embarrassing Embarrassed Exciting Excited
Exhausting Exhausted Fascinating Fascinated
Frightening Frightened Horrifying Horrified
Interesting Interested Satisfying Satisfied
Surprising Surprised Shocking Shocked
Terrifying Terrified Tiring Tired
78
PART X: COMMON PREPOSITIONS
1. Prepositions of time (Giới từ về thời gian): after, at, before, behind, by, during, for,
from, in, on (upon), since, through (out), toward(s), until, till, within, …
a. IN: Trước buổi trong ngày, tháng, năm, mùa, địa danh, đất nước …
Ex: In the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, In June: vào tháng 6, in 1996,
in spring / winter / autumn / summer, in Bien Hoa, in VN …
b. ON: Trước ngày và tháng: On March 15th
Trước ngày trong tuần: On Monday, On Sunday, On Tuesday…
Ở trên: On TV / On the radio / On the table….
Vào kỳ nghỉ: On holiday / On a trip
Đi bộ: On foot
Tự kiếm sống: Living on my own
c. AT: Thời gian, nơi chốn, dịp lễ
Lúc 6 giờ: AT 6 o‟clock / BY 6 o‟clock
Tại sân bay: AT the airport
Vào độ tuổi: AT the age of
Lúc bắt đầu / lúc cuối: AT the begnining of / AT the end of…
AT school, AT work, AT home, AT night, AT Christmas, AT Easter.
2. Prepositions of place (Giới từ về nơi chốn): about, above, across, at, before, behind,
below, beneath, beside, beyond, by, in, off, on (upon), over, through, to, toward(s), under,
within, without, ….
3. Prepositions of cause, reason or motive (Giới từ về nguyên do): at, for, from, of, on,
over, through, with, … (vì; do, bởi)
4. Prepositions of aim or purpose (Giới từ về mục đích): after (theo), for (vì), on (vào),
to (cho), …
4. MỘT SỐ GIỚI TỪ ĐI VỚI TÍNH TỪ HOẶC ĐỘNG TỪ
Absent from: vắng mặt
Absorbed in: say mê
Account for: góp phần vào
According to: theo như
Accustomed to: quen với
Afraid of: sợ
Agree with: đồng ý
Ahead of: phía trước
79
Angry with: giận, tức
At the seaside: ngoài bãi biển
Available for: sẵn có
Aware of: ý thức về
Banned from: bị cấm
Belong to: thuộc về
By train/ car / bus / truck / lorry / bicycle
Care for: quan tâm tới
Concerned with: liên quan đến
Confident of: tự tin về
Confused about: nhầm lẫn
Contrary to: trái với
Crowded with: đông đúc với
Different from: khác với
Difficult for: khó đối với
Familiar with: quen thuộc với
Famous for: nổi tiếng về
Fed up with: chán ngấy
Fond of: thích
Full of: đầy
Go by: thời gian trôi qua
Go off: cháy nổ
Go on: tiếp tục
Go out: dập tắt
Good / quick / bad + at: giỏi về môn học
Good for: tốt cho ……
Prepared for: chuẩn bị cho…
Importand to: quan trọng với
In a hurry: vội vã
In English: bằng tiếng Anh
In the field: ngoài đồng
In the mountain: ở trên núi
In the street: ở ngoài đường phố
Interested in: thích thú
Introduce to: giới thiệu với ai
Keen on: say mê
Hear from Sb: nghe tin về ai
In spite of: mặc dù
Keep pace with: theo kịp
Kind of (it is / was…)
Kind to (chủ từ người)
Late for: trễ
Leave for: rời nhà đi đâu
Liable to: tin tưởng
Look after: chăm sóc
Look at: nhìn vào
Look for: kiếm
Look up: tra từ vựng
Looking forward to: mong chờ…
Make fun of: chọc nghẹo
Make room for: nhường chỗ cho
On a farm: ở nông trại
On the road: ở đường quê
Perfect for: hoàn hảo
Popular to: phổ biến với ai
Present at: có mặt tại
Provide Sb with something: cung cấp
Provide something for somebody
Put an end to: kết thúc
Put off: hoãn lại
Ready for: sẵn sàng
Responsible for: chịu trách nhiệm về cái
gì
Responsible to: chịu trách nhiệm về ai
đó
Rich in: giàu có
80
Sad about: buồn vì
Serious about: nghiêm túc về
Similar to: tương tự như
Sit between Mai and Lan: ngồi giữa …
Sorry for: xin lỗi về
Spend money on + V-ing / N: tiêu tiền
Stay at home
Stay out of the crowd
Stay up late
Stay with you
Successful in: thành công về
Switch off: tắt đi
Switch on: bật lên
Take care of: chăm sóc
Take notice of: chú ý đến
Thank you for: cảm ơn về cái gì
Thanks to: nhờ vào
The same as: giống như
There‟s no point in: chẳng tội gì mà…
Tired from: mệt mỏi vì
Tired of: chán
Useful for: hữu ích
What about: còn … thì sao
What‟s the point of: chẳng tội gì mà …
Capable of: có khả năng về
No objection to: không phản đối với
Accuse of: tố cáo…về….
Distaste for: bực tức vì
Doubt about: hoài nghi về
Duty for st / sb: chịu trách nhiệm về
Attiude torwards: có thái độ với
Quite for: hoàn toàn hợp với
Sell sth to sb for money
Turn in: giao nộp
For fear of doing sth: vì sợ sẽ làm…
By coincidence: ngẫu nhiên
Contrast with: khác với, tương phản
On the market: có sẵn trên thị trường
At sea: ở ngoài biển
In flight: đang trên đường bay
EXERCISE
Fill in the blank with the correct preposition
1. I am not interested what you think.
2. Do you mind living your own.
3. John is fond watching TV.
4. Mary is fed up doing the same thing everyday.
5. What are you listen ?
6. We might have a picnic. It depends the weather.
7. The distance Ha Noi Hai Phong is about 102
kilometers.
8. May I take this book your shelf? I‟ll bring it tomorrow.
81
9. The old man often goes to bed right dinner.
10. You‟ll be able to speak English this time next year.
11. I keep a light on at night because I‟m afraid the dark.
12. I‟m tired that work. I want to leave it.
13. She is tired walking during 4 hours.
14. We are worried the exam.
15. Your homework is full mistake (lỗi sai).
16. When I leave home, you have to be responsible everything.
17. Isaac Newton died in 1727 the age of 85.
18. My village lies two rivers.
19. In Britain people drive the left and pass the right.
20. You have to go the street at the zebra-crossing.
21. I‟m sorry, the doctor won‟t be back 9 o‟clock.
22. We shall leave Ha Noi HCM city 2 o‟clock this afternoon.
23. Have a nice holiday. Take care yourself.
24. Thank you. It is very kind you to help me.
25. He is so kind everyone.
26. The beach is crowded tourists July.
27. His opinion differs mine.
28. That hotel is famous its pleasant atmosphere and fine food.
29. This kind of music is familiar teenagers.
30. Bill is bored doing the same job for too long.
31. I‟m sorry Jane who lost her father last week.
32. He may be quick understanding but he is not capable
remembering anything.
33. I often stay home the evenings.
34. You shouldn‟t stay late night.
35. Sorry, I will talk to you later. I‟m a hurry.
36. A laser vaporized the bone touching any of the surrounding tissue.
37. You will be acquainted this work soon.
38. Who are you waiting ?
39. Money is used buying or selling goods.
40. My birthday is November 4
82
41. You are right. I agree you.
42. If you don‟t know its meaning, you can look it in this dictionary.
43. Who will look the house and the dogs when we go on a trip?
44. Please take care everything when we aren‟t at home.
45. Everyone should be aware air pollution.
46. This building belongs people who live in it.
47. These pupils are good learning English.
48. Drinking wine is harmful your health.
49. His hat is different yours.
50. We haven‟t heard Mary for 6 months. We are worried her.
51. I am fed with this wet weather.
52. We didn‟t go the party because some friends came to stay us.
53. It is easy read French.
54. I have no objection hear your story again.
55. Touch your toes bending your knees.
56. I‟m not keen playing tennis.
57. He was fined being drunk when he was driving his car.
58. This is a tool opening the bottle.
59. What leaving here and collecting it later?
60. They escaped the prison camp sliding down a
rope.
61. We had difficulty finding a parking place.
62. You should be ashamed behaving like that.
63. In spite starting late he arrived in time.
64. There‟s no point waiting.
65. I don‟t care buying a new house in Bien Hoa.
66. I am looking forward hearing from you soon.
67. He left her saying any words.
68. The children prefer watching TV reading.
69. He lost no time to be used the new work.
70. He is accused robbing the bank.
71. Would you mind getting me the heavy luggage there?
72. By working day and night he succeeded finishing the job in time.
83
73. I remember read the review that book.
74. I‟m looking to hearing from you soon.
75. Please go writing; I don‟t mind waiting.
76. Lying the beach is very interesting.
77. I advise you star looking a flat at once.
78. The horse won‟t be well enough run in tomorrow‟s race.
79. He doesn‟t seem recover after his long journey.
80. He made a lot of money buying tickets in advance.
81. The bus stops right in front my house.
82. I plan to visit Ha Noi Christmas.
83. What are you doing the weekend?
84. She got married the age of 18.
85. They often go on holiday May.
86. We lived London 1998 2003.
87. I live 554 Dien Bien Phu street.
88. He is sitting Loan and Thanh.
89. Will you come home after the class?
90. He walks slowly because his bad leg.
91. She walked past me saying a word.
92. Do he ordered. Don‟t argue anything.
93. According the timetable, the train will arrive at 8:30.
94. Would you mind showing me how work.
95. I like playing chess Mr. Brown.
96. I suggest telephoning her we go to her house.
97. These is no point remaining in a dangerous place.
98. The bus stops right in front my house.
99. He earns his living writing.
100. Thank you coming.
101. That is the hotel which I stayed.
102. I had lived Rome ten days.
103. We live 55 Vo Van Ngan street.
104. I wake up 4:30 and look the clock. It‟s too early, so I
close my eyes again.
84
105. Thanks the bad weather, the match was cancelled.
106. She comes early in order get good seat.
107. According the timetable, the train will arrive at 8:30.
108. She walked the kitchen and put her packages the table.
109. While waiting for my train, I took walk the station.
110. I hung the picture the fireplace.
111. Michigan is situated Lake Michigan and lake Huron.
112. A formation of twelve airplanes flew our house.
113. Mr. Flanagan who is Ireland is staying his sister‟s
home in Boston.
114. The door was locked, so I shoved the letter the door.
115. I arrived Switzerland last week.
116. Mary has been in the United States 2 years.
Choose the correct preposition:
117. Your score on the examination is well (above, over) average.
118. You are ahead of me. Your name is (above, at the top of) the list.
119. Don‟t forget to put your return address (in, on) the envelope.
120. I read (for, during) three hours, (at, from) 9:00p.m (until, by) 12:00
121. Is your birthday (in, on) April? Mine is (in, on) April 7.
122.I try to get to school (in, on) time to have a cup coffee before my first class.
124. He asked me to come (at, in) 11:30, not (at, in) noon.
125. The stores stay open (on, in) Monday (until, for) 9:00p.m.
126. Come (by, on) 8:00 if you can, no one will be seated at the theater (after, since) 8:00.
127. The projector broke down twice (for, during) the showing of the film.
128. I received my bill (to, in) the middle of the month.
129. We accept your kind in invitation (by, with) pleasure.
130. Would you rather write (by, with) a pen or pencil?
131. The first speech will be given (by, of) Mr. Steele.
132. It looks (like, as) a nice day.
133. Over one- third (of, in) the oranges are spoiled.
134. How would you like to go (by, with) us (by, in) our car?
135. This cake is (for, to) lunch.
85
PART XI: EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY
1. MOST, MOST OF: hầu hết, phần lớn, đa số
Ex: Most pupils are fond of picture-books.
Most beer is very cheap but some beer is expensive.
Most of my summer holidays are at home.
Most of them are intelligent.
We used most of time to answer his questions.
2. MANY, MUCH: nhiều
Ex: I met many teachers yesterday.
He made many mistakes.
There are many good books in this library.
How many pens have you got?
He drinks too much beer. So, he‟s drunk.
We haven‟t got much coffee.
How much sugar did she buy?
3. Chữ MANY và MUCH được dùng trong cả 3 thể khẳng định, phủ định, và nghi vấn. Trong
lối hành văn trang trọng, chúng ta có thể thay thế MANY và MUCH bằng các cụm từ sau:
Most + Countable Noun Plural Verb.
Most of Uncountable Noun Singular Verb.
Pronoun
Many Countable Noun (Plural) Plural V.
How many
Much Uncountable noun (singular) Singular V.
How much
86
Ex: He spent a great deal of money on his house.
I made a large number of friends there.
Note: Người ta cũng dùng các chữ TOO, SO, VERY, AS ngay trước chữ MANY và MUCH để
nhấn mạnh và bổ nghĩa cho nó.
Ex: Why do you talk so much?
He has too much sugar that he has to sell in a day.
We have to paint so many bicycles.
4. A LOT OF, LOTS OF, PLENTY OF: nhiều
Ex: She received a lot of letters but she doesn‟t reply.
How much can he earn a month? – He earns a lot.
They have plenty of money.
5. A FEW, A LITTLE: Một vài, một ít, chút xíu
Ex: You can drink a little beer because today is a special day.
There are a few oranges in the fridge.
They put a few books on the shelf.
Many = A large number of = A great number of
Much = A great deal of = A good deal of
A lot of Countable noun
Lost of Uncountable noun
Plenty of (đi với danh từ số nhiều hoặc số ít)
A few Countable noun (plural)
A little Uncountable noun (singular)
87
6. FEW, LITTLE: Ít, rất ít
Ex: Hurry up! We‟ve got very little time. (not enough time)
He‟s unfriendly. He has few friends. (not many friends)
Many tourists came here but few stayed overnight.
( hardly anyone stayed overnight)
I‟m not willing go to try a drug that I know so little about.
We saw little = We saw hardly anything
= We didn‟t see much.
7. SOME and ANY: Một vài, một số, bất cứ
Ex: What would you like to buy? – I need some book.
Have you got any milk in the fridge?
She doesn‟t sell any dogs because she likes them very much.
8. ALL và ALL OF, NONE và NONE OF, EACH và EACH OF, HALF và HALF OF,
BOTH và BOTH OF, NEITHER và NEITHER OF, EITHER và EITHER OF:
Theo sau các chữ này có thể là một danh từ không đếm được ở số ít hoặc danh từ đếm được ở
số nhiều.
Phải có chữ “OF” trước một đại từ nhân xưng (us, you, them).
Khi dùng những chữ ALL OF, ONE OF thì chúng ta cần có những chữ the, this, that, these,
those, my, your, his, her, its, our, their.
Ex: None of this money is mine.
Some of the people at the party were very friendly.
Few = Not many = hardly any + Countable N (plural)
Little = Not much = hardly any + Uncountble N (singular)
Some (affirmative form) + Countable N
Any (negative or interrogative form) or Uncountable N
88
All of us want to go to Nha Trang.
All my friends (= All of my friends) live in London.
Half of them moved to New York last month.
Sau NEITHER OF…chúng ta có thể chia động từ số ít hoặc số nhiều.
Ex: Neither of the children wants (want) go to bed.
Chữ BOTH, NEITHER, EITHER có thể đứng một mình hoặc đi cặp với AND, NOR, OR.
Ex: Both Tom and Ann were late.
Neither he nor I came to the party.
SOME, ANY, NO + -ONE, -BODY, -THING, -WHERE
Ex: Someone wants to see you.
Is anybody there?
You can go anywhere you like if you have a lot of money.
*****
89
PART XII: DO or MAKE
Hai động từ DO và MAKE đều có nghĩa chung là “làm; thực hiện” do đó muốn sử dụng đúng
thì tốt nhất là nên học thuộc lòng các danh từ đi chung với các động từ này.
DO (to act or perform): research, an assignment, a job, work, business, one‟s duty, the
washing, cleaning, ironing, hair, this, that, something, anything, everything, housework,
crossword, washing-up, shopping, a favor, ….
MAKE (to build, construct, create …): a cake, a bed, address, a report, a decision, a demand,
a mistake, an error, a request, a speech, a mess, a chair, a table, breakfast, lunch, dinner, tea,
music, war, noise, peace, trouble, money, a phone call, a fuss, a suggestion, sure, a
complaint, a date, a fortune, …
Fill in the blank with DO or MAKE:
1. Would you like to research on wild animals?
2. Do you enjoy this exercise with me?
3. I don‟t have a lot of work to
4. We‟ll have to a report on this topic.
5. He dislikes troubles, doesn‟t he?
6. You should no longer a mistake.
7. I want you this job.
8. We should something about this.
9. this, don‟t do that, please.
10. My mother is a cake in the kitchen.
11. She is ironing in her bedroom.
12. Do you much gardening?
13. I‟ll a new dress for you on your birthday.
14. me a cup of tea if you don‟t mind.
15. The chairman a speech to welcome the important guests.
16. Who this beautiful chair for you?
90
17. She loves her job. So, she doesn‟t want to a mess of the job.
18. Have you a decision to go with him?
19. Let me a glass of orange juice.
20. I had some arrangements.
21. I never $ 500 in a month.
22. I‟d gone to London to some shopping.
23. I sat down near a window and began the crossword puzzles
24. I didn‟t look up and didn‟t a sound.
25. I told him to a good steak and bring me a bottle of red wine.
26. What you want me to ?
27. When does she the housework?
28. When she the washing-up?
29. I always try to avoid a fuss is I can.
30. You should stop a complaint about your teacher.
*****
91
B. GRAMMAR PRACTICE TESTS
I. VERB FORM AND TENSES
Mark a choice that best completes the sentences.
1. If you cannot those accusations I want to hear no more about it.
A. substantial B. substance C. substantiate D. substantially
2. Government experts the stock market to do better in the coming months.
A. expectable B. expect C. expectation D. expectant
3. Do you to increase employee benefits during the next open enrollment?
A. intend B. intent C. intention D. intently
4. Whenever out-of-town clients visit us, we do our best to them.
A. entertainment B. interesting C. entertainer D. entertain
5. The auditor that the bookkeepers send them figures every two weeks. A.
preference B. preferable C. preferential D. prefer
6. My boss‟s wife loves to antique bottles and jars.
A. collection B. collect C. collectible D. collector
7. I dislike radios playing in the office because they me while I try to work.
A. distraction B. distracter C. distract D. distracting
8. We would like to that these bonuses are a one-time only thing.
A. emphasize B. emphatic C. emphasis D. emphatically
9. Management likes employees who to participate in company event.
A. voluntary B. volunteerism C. volunteer D. voluntarily
10. By law, we must how much federal income tax to deduct from your pay.
A. calculable B. calculation C. calculate D. calculator
11. When the messenger ,will you please give him this package?
A. will arrive B. arrives C. arriving D. would arrive
92
12. The assistant to Ms.Brigham more responsible in the last year.
A. is becoming B. has been becoming C. has become D. becomes
13. The Paris branch of our bank five years ago today.
A. opens B. has opened C. opened D. was opening
14. The consultant the results of his recommendations by the end of the month.
A. knows B. does know C. has known D. will know
15. My supervisor promises that I a raise next year.
A. would get B. should get C. will get D. get
16. After you enough practice, it will be easy for you to do.
A. have had B. will have C. had D. are having
17. The boss for those reports all morning.
A. is waiting B. waits C. has been waiting D. will waiting
18. I something very strange, like burning wires.
A. am smelling B. smell C. smelling D. had smelled
19. You can take those files to the records room unless Kim it first.
A. does B. will do C. is doing D. had done
20. We at that restaurant in a few months.
A. don‟t eat B won‟t eat C. haven‟t eaten D. didn‟t eat
93
II. RELATIVE CLAUSES
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentences.
1. Sam is the boy shaved his head. He is completely bald now.
A. whose B. that C. which D.
2. The food she is buying looks healthy.
A. who B. whose C. which D. where
3. A dishwasher is a machine washes dishes.
A. who B. whom C. which D.
4. The bat is only mammal can fly.
A. who B. that C. where D.
5. Look! That‟s the singer mother is from my hometown.
A. whose B. who C. that D. who‟s
6. I don‟t like dogs jump on me.
A. whose B. that C. whom D.
7. I felt bad for the guy failed the exam.
A. that B. which C.whom D.
8. Jasmine is a flower is white and very fragrent.
A. which B. who C. whose D.
9. They are filming the gilr in birthday is today.
A. whose B. that C. who D.
10. There‟s the couple dancing you like so much.
A. whose B. that C. who D.
11. I ate all the cake you gave me.
A. what B. that C. when D. whom
12. My brother Tom hates fishing, will stay at home.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
94
13. A man name I have forgotten, came to see you yesterday.
A. whom B. which C. whose D. what
14. I put everything in my suitcase, is under my bed.
A. what B. who C. that D.which
15. The teacher, every student is afraid of, is really very nice.
A. whose B. which C. that D.whom
16. This is the town I was born.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
17. Children in eat a lot of candy often get bad teeth.
A. which B. what C. who D. whom
18. The girl pen you borrowed neds it not.
A. whose B. which C. that D. whom
19. Go and find the guests arrived here yesterday.
A. who B. whom C. which D. what
20. Look at the horses in are drinking in the river.
A. who B. whom C. which D. what
95
III: GERUNDS & INFINITIVES
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentences
1. The police the area near company headquarters.
A. to patrol B. patrolling C. patrols D. patrol
2. The accountant demands that his clerks their work carefully before submitting it.
A. check B. will check C. to check D. checking
3. The hotel needs better training for its front desk staff
A. provides B. will provide C. to provide D. provide
4. Because traffic is heavy, I suggest for the airport early.
A. leaving B. to leave C. will leave D. am going to leave
5. Most of the time in Indonesia was spent relatives.
A. to visit B. visiting C. going visiting D. go to visit
6. My broker advised me to invest is secured bonds before in the stock market.
A. invested B. investing C. investment D. I will invest
7. It goes without that you‟ll be paid for all this extra time you‟re spending on the project.
A. telling B. saying C. repeating D. regarding
8. Travel agents advise early, in order to avoid disappointment.
A. buying B. postponing C. booking D. canceling
9. We have decided to your income with a monthly bonus.
A. implement B.compliment C. supplement D. compartment
10. By what the public liked and didn‟t like, we were able to fine-tune our ads.
A. sighting B. focusing C. predicting D. pinpointing
11. Can you the telephone?
A. answered B. answering C. to answer D. answer
12. We are restocking the warehouse now that the transport strike is over that
customers get what they need right away.
96
A. to ensure B. ensured C. for ensuring D.ensure
13. spending is probably going to maintain this upward trend throughout the year.
A. Consume B. Consumer C. Consuming D. Consumed
14. The professor praised him for his the class when she was sick.
A. assist B. to assist C.assisting D. assisted
15. Since most of the business meetings were at night, we were able to spent the day
A.to sightsee B. to enjoy sightseeing C. going to sightsee D. sightseeing
16. The doctor advised her more often.
A. swimming B.swam C.to swim D. to have swum
17. We found them down at the beach.
A. playing B. to go play C. play D. to play
18. The alarm system of car must reliably.
A. function B.to function C.functioned D. functioning
19. Limited space forced the writer his article shorter.
A. making B. make C. makes D. to make
20. Only doctors and nurses can this door.
A. using B. used C.use D. to use
21. Put out your cigarette. You are not allowed here.
A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking
22. Last night my parents let me out with him.
A. to go B. go C. going D. went
23. That film made her
A.sad B. cry C. to cry D. A and B are correct
24. They are busy their homework now.
A. doing B. do C. to do D. is doing
25. She can‟t stand at her children in danger.
97
A. looked B. looking C. look D. looking
26. It is no use this work.
A. doing B. do C. did D. to do
27. Have you finished your report yet?
A. to type B. type C. typed D. typing
28. We suggest he here at 8:00 am tomorrow.
A. be B. is C. to be D. has been
29. She is looking forward from you soon.
A. to hear B. to hearing C. hearing D. heard
30. Now I am used alone here.
A. to living B. live C. to live D. living
31. He loves romantic novel.
A. read B. reads C. to reading D. reading
32. Would you mind the windows? It is very hot in here.
A. opening B. open C. to open D. to opening
33. Mary, I‟d like you Mr. Peter, my new assistant.
A. to meet B. meeting C. meet D. met
34. We wish you A Happy New Year.
A. have B. having C. to have D. all are wrong
35. He stops a cup of coffee. He feels sleep.
A. having B. to have C. have D. has
36. They don‟t want that book.
A. reading B. read C. to reading D. to read
37. Please it to her. Thanks a lot.
A. gives B. to gives C. give D. giving
38. This book is worth
98
A. to read B. reading C. reads D. to be read
39. I am sure she will what I have said to her.
A. understands B. understand C. understood D. to understand
40. We are grateful to you us.
A. for helping B. to help C. helped D. helping
99
IV: AUXILIARY VERBS
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentences
1. If we had seen the demand in advance, we surely on the cookbook.
A. would stock up B. had stocked up C. have stocked up D. would have stocked up
2. We the money to your money market account within three working days.
A. have been transferred B. will transfer C. transferring D. will be transferred
3. We are sending you what we have now and the remainder as soon as it arrives.
A. will have shipped B. will ship C. shipped D. shipping
4. School will in three weeks.
A. done B. completion C. over D. finish
5. According to the Financial Time, the prime rate up slightly even without
the housing boom.
A. would have gone B. will have gone C. were to go D. was going
6. She will neither the terms nor give in to your badgering.
A. acceptable B. accepts C. accepting D. accept
7. We were told we be able to reserve a seat on the mailboat that passes
through the Arctic Circle.
A. might B. must C. can D. could
8. If the receptionist is unable to answer your question, Ms.Takai help you.
A. can B. did C. could not D. would not
9. Mrs.Gonzales one of the best workers we have.
A. always has considered been B. has been always considered
C. has been considered always D. has always been considered
10. This year the company has heavily in research and development.
A. was invested B. invest C. investing D. invested
11. The negotiations cannot be because if the disagreements.
100
A. concurred B. continued C. contoured D. confounded
12. He was able to my point of view.
A. think B. mind C. see D. reckon
13. The tax authorities will soon new guidelines.
A. having issued B. issuing C. to issue D. be issuing
14. The alarm system of a car must reliably.
A. function B. to function C. functioned D. functioning
15. Several crops by the government.
A. will have been subsidizing B. being subsidized
C. are subsidizing D. are being subsidized
16. Another four inches of snow will overnight.
A. heighten B. accumulate C. develop D. raise
17. Nothing the workers did was able to the new foreman.
A. satisfactorily B. satisfaction C. satisfy D. satisfies
18. We are hoping that the communities will in the waterfront clean-up efforts.
A. involve B. associate C. concern D. participate
19. Being fluent in German, he realized the he might be called upon to act as a translator for the
group the need arise.
A. could B. would C. if D. should
20. The product was by the manufacturer because of a faulty closing
mechanism.
A. rehired B. released C. resent D. recalled
21. John is a hard student. He usually his homework until midnight.
A. is doing B. did C. does D. has done
22. She me to do my work when we were at university.
A. used to help B. is used to helping C. uses D. was helped
101
23. The sun in the east and…in the west.
A. rises/setting B. rose/set C. rises/sets D. is rising/sets
24. He his report before he went home.
A. had finished B. has finishes C. was finishing D. was finished
25. When I came to the station, the train
A. has gone B. had gone C. is going D. goes
26. Did you see Peter when you on the way to work?
A. were B. are C. have been D. will be
27. When I met her, she to her boyfriend.
A. is talking B. talks C. talked D. was talking
28. At this time tomorrow, we our test.
A. will be doing B. will do C. are doing D. have done
29. I will phone you as soon as I at the airport.
A. will arrive B. have arrived C. are arriving D. arrive
30. She her exercises at the moment.
A. is doing B. does C. did D. will do
31. I have lived here since I
A. am born B. born C. was born D. will be born
32. I don‟t understand what he
A. has just said B. is said C. will be said D. say
33. Don‟t worry! I this for you.
A. will do B. am done C. was doing D. do
34. You meet him now. He is working.
A. couldn‟t B. will not C. can‟t D. ought
35. If it rained now, I here.
A. would stay B. will stay C. stayed D. were staying
102
36. We must have bought that house if we enough money last year.
A. had had B. would have C. had D. have had
37. Thank you for what you so far.
A. have done B. did C. are doing D. was doing
38. Did you in this company?
A. used to work B. worked C. use to work D. use to working
39. They with their classmate. Maybe they will come back here at 3:00.
A. have just gone B. had gone C. were going D. had been going
40. She never coffee in the evening.
A. drinks B. is drinking C. will drink D. was drinking
103
V: SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT
Mark the choice that best complete the sentences.
1. We need to the language in this report.
A. simplify B. simple C. simply D. simplistic
2. In my opinion, her leaving early was very thing to do.
A. children B. childish C. childishly D. child
3. We could call the TV stations and the opening or our new store.
A. publicity B. public C. publicize D. publisher
4. I like my work because I have the to make my own decisions.
A. freed B. freely C. freedom D. free
5. Our company believes it is the best handle the account.
A. organizing B. organization C. organizational D. organize
6. Most meeting are not as as this one was.
A. interested B. interestingly C. interest D. interesting
7. A doctor‟s manner makes patients feel comfortable.
A. friendship B. friend C. friendly D. friendliness
8. It was very of the boss to buy us those nice gifts.
A. thoughtless B. thoughtful C. thought D. thoughtfully
9. One of your duties will be some typing.
A. light B. lightened C. lighten D. lightness
10. She would like a raise, not just a few dollars.
A. really B. realist C. real D. reality
11. Your signature below will represent your of this contract.
A. accepted B. acceptance C. accept D. acceptable
12. The on who could be hire for that position did not seem legal.
A. restrictions B. restricted C. restricting D. restricted
104
13. Employee in this company will prove beneficial for everyone.
A. invest B. invested C. investment D. investor
14. The contract call for a $1,00 for every day we go over the deadline.
A. penalize B. penalty C. penal D. penalization
15. The manager‟s for next year‟s profit is very optimistic.
A. projection B. projector C. project D. projected
16. We have no other if we want to expand the company safely.
A. optimal B. optimum C. opt D. option
17. I missed breakfast and lunch, so my right now is getting something to eat. A.
priority B. prior C. prioritize D. priors
18. The restaurant in due for an by the Health Department next week.
A. inspection B. inspector C. inspect D. inspected
19. Our success is based completely on the of our products.
A. rely B. reliable C. reliant D. reliability
20. The low profits we‟ve had over the last two quarters are due to the bad
A. economics B. economize C. economic D.economy
105
VI. CONDITIONALS
Read the following sentences and choose the best answer.
1. “John, do you have a passport?” – “No, but I wish I one”.
A. can have B. had C. have D. having
2. “Did you enjoy the show last night?” – “Yes, but I wish I a cold”.
A. hadn‟t had B. wouldn‟t have C. didn‟t have D. hadn‟t
3. you agree, nothing can be arranged.
A. Because B. Lest C. Without D. Unless
4. If he had not given me advice, I , again.
A. wouldn‟t fail B. would have failed C. would be failed D. would fail
5. She want to know if we have extra copies.
A. a few B. the few C. not many D. a little
6. You ought to be insured now you‟re married.
A. unless B. that C.because of D. though
7. Tom left his spectacles behind because he was
A. hurriedly B. hurry C. to be hurried D. in a hurry
8. If Mr. Hu does not arrived soon, we without him.
A. left B. is leaving C. will leave D. had left
9. I‟ll be home for dinner unless the boss me to work overtime.
A. will ask B. is asking C. asks D. asked
10. Their marriage wuoldn‟t be so good if they so well with each other.
A. communicated B. didn‟t communicate
C. don‟t communicate D. communicate
11. If my passport, I‟ll be in trouble.
A. I lose B. I‟ll lose C. I lost D. I would lose
12. is the biggest city in Brazil, it is not the capital.
106
A. Although Sao Paolo B. If Sao Paolo C. Sao Paolo, which D. Sao Paolo
13. I wish I the answer to your question.
A. would know B. knew C. know D. have known
14. the plumber could repair the toilet, he still would not do it.
A. Therefore B. However C. So D. Even if
15. his joining the group late, his manager is confident that we will fit
right in.
A. Even though B. Despite C. If D. However
16. I filed my report last week, but now I wish I
A. have waited B. waited C. had waited D. wait
17. The doctors will go home after they their rounds.
A. will finish B. will have finished C. are finishing D. finish
18. If Fujikin, Inc more available capital, they‟d have expanded their European
operations.
A. has B. had had C. were having D. has had
19. the patient‟s condition get worse, the nurse will call in an internist.
A. Might B. Unless C. Should D. If
20. If Dr. Puri did not like jazz, he to it so much.
A. would not have listened B. would listen
C. would not listen D. would be listening
107
VII: ADJECTIVES – DESCRIPTIVE PHRASES – PARTICIPIAL
FORMS
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentences.
1. The plant the window needs water.
A. by the time B.by C.is by D.is
2. The people next door aren‟t very friendly.
A. are living B. live C. living D. is living
3. Most of the programs on TV aren‟t very interesting.
A. show B. shows C. shown D. are showing
4. The people in this office are very helpful.
A. working B. is working C. works D. work
5. The house yesterday is extremely beautiful.
A. sells B. selling C. sell D. sold
6. Neil Armstrong was the first person on the moon.
A has walked B. to walk C. walks D. walks to
7. The fruit in this area is really delicious.
A. grows B. grown C. is growing D. grow
8. That girl in the corner looks lonely.
A. is sitting B. sat C. sitting D. sits
9. Ivan was the last person at the party.
A. to arrive B. arrived C. arrives D. arriving
10. With prices at such a rapid rate, buyers should compare prices.
A. increase B. increases C. to increase D. increasing
11. Have you read the article in The Women’s World yesterday?
A. print B. printing C. printed D. prints
12. My assistant wasn‟t able to get his check because the bank was closed.
108
A. cash B. cashed C. cashing D. cashes
13. Our company wants its customers
A. satisfies B. satisfying C. satisfied D. satisfy
14. Before the prime minister arrived, the police ordered the area
A. clear B. cleared C. clearing D. be clear
15. With some effort, Ms. Manson got her schedule
A. to change B. change C. changed D. changing
16. The architects want all the hallways
A. widen B. widening C. to widen D. widened
17. Mr. Hao was ableto get the envelopes before the mail carrier arrived.
A. were addressed B. Addressed C. were addressing D. being addressed
18. No than three banks were forced to close their doors this last year.
A. fewer B. lesser C. less D. lower
19. It is better to change the benefits program. last month.
A. was proposed B. being proposing C. proposing D. proposed
20. The report will be published next Monday.
A. selling B. sell C. sales D. sold
109
VIII: COMPARATIVES & SUPERLATIVES
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentences.
1. The wildlife preserve is tourist attraction in the city.
A. as popular as B. more popular than C. most popular D. the most popular
2. The final resort on the project needs to be completed possible.
A. as quickly as B. quickly as C. quickly than D. more quickly
3. Television advertising costs print advertising.
A. most than B. as much C. more as D. more than
4. The new design failed because it was not the original one.
A. as convenient as B. more convenient C. convenient than D. most convenient
5. The copy machine was reduced to even the sale price.
A less than B. more than C. as much as D. least as
6. Brenda is her mother.
A. as tall as B. taller C. the tallest D. tall
7. Although most people are than I am, they are not as healthy or wise.
A. wealth B. wealthy C. weathily D. wealthier
8. Mrs. Choor has managed the department so well that she‟‟ll be up for a
promotion than she expected.
A. big B. bigger C. more D. most
9. An ounce is smaller a pound.
A. these B. than C. that D. the
10. Electrical services will be restored more if we call some of the part-
timers.
A. quicker B. Quickly C. quickest D. quick
11. Whereas the language barrier, in times, was once an obstacle to trade, that
is no longer the case.
110
A. earliness B. earlier C. early on D. early to
12. The telephone lines of the United States are than those of any country in the
world.
A. longer B. longest C. long D. longs
13. The color illustrations included in the new edition of the book made it
attractive.
A. much more B. many more C. that more D. the more
14. Had we monitored the profit trends, we could have predicted this drop well
A. sooner B. faster C. in advance D. previous
15. first-aid training is precautionary, often going unused in real life.
A. Less B. Many C. Few D. Much
16. We should have been at the office several hours
A. earliest B. previous C. sooner D. past
17. The diamond is durable than crystal.
A. most B. more C. Many D. much
18. No than three banks were forced to close their doors this last year.
A. fewer B. lesser C. less D. lower
19. It is better to hold the vote than later.
A. sooner B. soonest C. soon D. some soon
20. Rewiring the office to accommodate the new air conditioning units was as
expensive as the units themselves.
A. just B. quite C. moreover D. same
111
IX: NEGATION
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentences.
1. Nobody hungry.
A. are B. aren‟t C. isn‟t D. is
2. No matter , you must keep trying.
A. how difficult does it seem B. however seems it difficult
C. how difficult it seems D. however it seems difficult
3. The policeman warned the photographer to near.
A. shouldn‟t come B. doesn‟t come C. not to come D. don‟t come
4. “How many eggs have we got?” “ ”
A. There aren‟t some. B. Not too much.
C. They‟re no in the fridge. D. Not too many.
5. have the employees complained so much about working conditions in
the factory.
A. never B. ever C. soon D. forever
6. What‟s wrong with John? He used to be so sad.
A. never B. didn‟t C. wasn‟t D. isn‟t
7. Unfortunately, neiteher Mr. Sachs Ms. Flynn will be able to attend the
awards anquet this evening.
A. but B. and C. nor D. either
8. To travel from England to Scotland you a passport.
A. mustn‟t have B. haven‟t got C. needn‟t D. don‟t need
9. two people have the same fingerprints.
A. no B. None C. not D. nothing
10. The athelet accepted of the offers.
A. none B. Never C. nobody D. nothing
112
11. I hope you know that you come with me if you don‟t want to.
A. don‟t have to B. don‟t need C. mustn‟t D. can‟t
12. Ever since they‟ve discovered that little resort off the coast of Spain, they any
where else for vacation.
A. didn‟t go B. weren‟t going C. went D. haven‟t gone
13. There were adventage in stopping distribution of this product.
A. non B. Neither C. not D. no
14. I don‟t like tea. Can I have ?
A. anything other B. something other C. something else D. other thing
15. Excuse me! Can‟t you see the doctor‟s notice? Do you mind not ?
A. to smoke B. smoking C. smoke D. be smoking
16. It‟s not raining
A. some more B. no more C. more D. any more
17. When John arrived at the airport, he went right to the gate because he did not have
uggage to check.
A. any B. some C. nothing D. no
18. There way I could say.
A. any B. nothing C. Everything D. anything
19. he leaves or I leave.
A. neither B. only C. unless D. either
20. Please photocopies of documents.
A. not to submit B. do not submit C. no submit D. not submit
113
X: PRONOUNS AND DETERMINERS
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentences.
1. The reporter asked the old lady if she had spent on toys.
A. few money B. some moneys C. any moneys D. any money
2. He can‟t go to see her tonight. He hasn‟t got time.
A. many B. a C. some D. much
3. I brought my umbrella, but she forgot
A. her B. Hers C. her‟s D. herself
4. She loves Hungarian music.
A. – B. some of C. the D. a
5. They never do homework.
A. there B. they‟re C. they D. their
6. wanted to see you yesterday.
A. A friend of mine B. One of my friend C. One my friend D. A friend of me
7. She will have free time from now on.
A. lot of B. no C. few D. many
8. It was past midnight, so there were people in the street.
A. few B. any C. a few D. less
9. This young man can get along not only with gilr, but also with parents.
A. they‟re B. their C. theirs D. their‟s
10. is often made of wood.
A. Items of furniture B. Furniture C. A piece furnitures D. Furnitures
11. By using the new safety equipment, industrial accidents can be revented.
A. many B. much C. alot D. every
12. Among the Iroquois, everyone prepared carefully for the gathering
ceremonies.
114
A. hersefl B. themselves C. ourselves D. himsefl
13. I still have time to spare.
A. much B. a bit C. some D. any
14. Human beings, as distinct from animals, can think for themselves.
A. another B. other C. others D. the others
15. The travell agnet gave me useful information.
A. a B. one C. the D. some
16. Our host family always invites my roommate and to their house on
Sundays.
A. me B. my C. I D. mine
17. I am glad so many people have passed the test. In fact, there were who
haven‟t.
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
18. It was raining so we couldn‟t go out.
A. every days B. all day C. all the day D. all days
19. “There are leftovers for you in the fridge”, she cried out.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
20. That decision of to repaint the house now was a very smart one.
A. your B. you C. yoursefl D. yours
115
XI: ARTICLES
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentences.
1. The book is accurate guide to popular parks on west coast.
A. a, an B. a, the C. an, the D. an, --
2. The contractor will give us estimate of cost of renovating our house.
A. an, -- B. an, the C. an, a D. a, an
3. I‟d like to buy book for my aunt because she likes reading.
A. a, -- B. a, an C. a, the D. --, the
4. Mr. Ho is manager of Sunrise Foods, big company.
A. a, the B. --, a C. the, the D. the, a
5. I play piano and enjoy listening to music.
A. a, an B. an, the C. the, -- D. the, the
6. This is lovely car but it is also most expensive one on sale.
A. a, the B. a, an C. the, the D. --, the
7. My sister and I love Western food but my brother prefers local food.
A. a B. an C. the D. –
8. Braille is alphabet for blind people consisting of arrangement of
raised dots.
A. a, a B. an, a C.a, an D. an, an
9. oldest child in that family is talented muiscian.
A. An, a B. The, the C. The, a D. A, a
10. Neil Armstrong was first man to step on moon.
A. a, -- B. the, -- C. a, the D. the, the
11. Several were injures in the accident.
A. man B. person C. crew D. people
116
12. I left a few pieces of in my aunt‟s house after the holidays.
A. cloth B. cloths C. clothes D. clothing
13. The served at the hospital was so terrible that the paitent refused it.
A. meals B. food C. cakes D. dishes
14. I carried a small bag on broad the plane as the rest of the was checked in
before the flight.
A. bag B. bags C. luggage D. suitcases
15. When a stone hit the hive, a of bees flew out.
A. swarm B. group C. cluster D. crowd
16. A of sheep grazed on the hillside.
A. herd B. flock C. shoal D. troop
17. The pilot informed us that the would take an hour.
A. flight B. journey C. trip D. voyage
18. Peter bought a bouquet of for my mother.
A. candy B. chocolates C. flowers D. fruits
19. Salim was late for work because his car had a
A. break away B. break out C. breakdown D. break-in
20. Abdullah received some unpleasant yesterday; his car had been stolen.
A. news B. report C. information D. knowledge
117
XII: CONJUNCTIONS & PREPOSITIONS
A. Read and the follwing sentences and choose the best answer.
1. “Are they good pianists?” Malee‟s a good pianist,
A. but Somsri isn‟t either B. and Somsri is either
C. but Somsri isn‟t too D. and Somsri is too
2. I‟m going to the market but I can‟t think of to buy for dinner.
A. what B. where C. which D. that
3. We both decided go to different things: he wrote a letter I listened to the
radio.
A. because B. if C. since D. while
4. Tom left his spectacles behind because he was
A. hurriedly B. hurry C. to be hurried D. in a hurry
5. Chote isn‟t going to go, and Prasit isn‟t
A. either B. too C. as well D. also
6. Can you explain the difference these two words?
A. of B. from C. between D. to
7. She hasn‟t arrived
A. only B. yet C. still D. soon
8. They studied in California six mothns.
A. on B. at C. for D. with
9. Let‟s meet to on the corner Gate Street and Charles Way.
A. of B. for C. over D. from
10. I can buy a new car now I have enough money.
A. but B. because C. before D. between
11. Write your name this paper.
A. at B. on C. Over D. between
118
12. Melody reads three or more books a week.
A. yet B. ever C. often D. until
13. The train to airport leaves in seven minutes.
A. next B. after C. soon D. near
14. You can swim, fish, camp at the park.
A. but B. neither C. and D. either
15. Please put those boxes the bed.
A. down B. Under C. low D. fall
16. A pound meat is equal to 2.2 kilos.
A. of B. with C. For D. on
17. Eat three earvings of fruit and vegetables day.
A. every B. no C. only D. several
18. We need $25.
A yet B. Still C. Ever D. while
19. It hasn‟t stopped raining three weeks.
A. for B. with C. on D. under
20. Biology is a common subject for studenes want to study medicine.
A. whose B. Who C. When D. where
B. Incomplete sentences
Choose the correct answer from the choices a, b, c and d
1. The flight was delayed bad weather.
A. respond to B. about C. because of D. due
2. Guests may select a single room a suite with a bedroom and office.
A. but B. and C. or D. nor
3. Ms. Quistorf felt hungry there was nothing at the snack bar she wanted to eat.
A. only B. or C. nor D. but
119
4. her vacation she toured every museum in the city.
A During B. While C. Because D. Although
5. I am tired, I will work late tonight.
A. Or B. Even though C. Because D. So that
6. You‟ll find the papers the file cabinet on the left.
A. at B. of C. out D. in
7. The radio advertisement will start airing Friday.
A. of B. in C. on D. at
8. A subsidiary has entered a partnership arrngement with another company.
A. in B. to C. into D. for
9. The flight arrives Rome in two hours.
A. at B. to C. for D. in
10. The air-conditioning systems need to be serviced
A. annually B. rarely C. usually D. seldom
11. The secretary typed up the monthly report, but it isn‟t correct.
A. still B. anymore C. already D. yet
12. E-mail cannot be sent the network is operational.
A. since B. until C. when D. that
13. I‟ve got a meeting Thursday afternoon.
A. at B. in C. on D. to
14. We‟ve lived in this flat five years.
A. ago B. already C. for D. since
15. You can see the details the computer screen.
A. at B. by C. in D. on
16. We are travelling overnight we want to get there early tomorrow.
A because B. but C. and D. though
120
17. The weather report predicts that it will rain becom colder.
A. neither B. nor C. and D. either
18. Several trees fell dow last night the strong wind.
A. because B. because of C. since D. so
19. When the weather is good, more people will travel bike.
A. by B. in C. on D. at
20. At this time tomorrow over the Atlantic.
A. we flying B. we‟ll be flying C. we‟ll fly D. we to fly
*****
121
C. NGUỒN THAM KHẢO
(REFERENCES)
1. Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding and Using English Grammar, Second
edition, NXB Tp. HCM 2008.
2. Douglas Biber và nhiều tác giả, Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written
English, NXB Pearson Education 1999.
3. Nathan Kim, Peggy Anderson và Elaine Cho, Revolish TOEFL iBT Prep, 2nd
Level, NXB Trẻ 2008.
4. Paul Edmunds & Anne Taylor, Developing Skills for the TOEIC Test, NXB Trẻ
2007.
5. Nguyễn Tấn Đạo & Nguyễn Tấn Long, Văn phạm Anh văn Giản dị, NXB Sống
Mới 1969.
122
D. PHỤ LỤC (APPENDICES)
I. SAMPLES OF READING COMPREHENSION
Sample 1: Section A: Fill each numbered blank with an appropriate word/phrase. Mark the letter A,B, C or
D on your answer sheet.
Heidemarie Schwermer, a 63-year-old German woman, has lived without money for the last ten
years, and has written a book about her experiences called My Life without Money. At the age of 54,
Heidemarie (1) …………… her job as a psychotherapist, (2) …………… all her money and her apartment,
and (3) …………… her credit cards. Today, aside from some clothes (three sweaters, two skirts, two
pairs of shoes, and a coat) and a few personal belongings, she doesn‟t own anything. It all began as a
one-year experiment. In her home city of Dortmund, she (4) …………… a “swapping circle” where
people exchange services without using money , for example, a haircut for a mathematics class. To
prove that this could work, she decided (5) …………… using money for a year. But when the year
ended, she continued and has not used money since then. 1. A . quitted B. stopped C. started D. began 2. A. sent B. gave C. gave away D. threw away
3. A. gave B. delivered C. threw away D. cancelled 4. A. built B. set up C. constructed D. made 5. A.to give up B. to make up C. to work out D. to figure out
Section B: Read the passage below and choose the best answer for each blank. Mark the letter A,
B, C or D on your answer sheet. When e-mail becomes enough
The first person I came across who'd got the measure of e-mail was an American friend who was high up in a
big corporation. Some years ago, when this method of communication first seeped into business life from
academia, his company in New York and its satellites across the globe were among the first to get it. In the
world's great seats of learning, e-mail had for some years allowed researchers to share vital new jokes. And if
there was cutting-edge wit to be had, there was no way my friend's corporation would be without it.
One evening in New York, he was late for a drink we'd arranged. 'Sorry,' he said, 'I've been away and had to
deal with 998 e-mails in my queue.' 'Wow,' I said, 'I'm really surprised you made it before midnight.'
'It doesn't really take that long,' he explained, 'if you simply delete them all.'
True to form, he had developed a strategy before most of us had even heard of e-mail. If any information he
was sent was sufficiently vital, his lack of response would ensure the sender rang him up. If the sender wasn't
important enough to have his private number, the communication couldn't be sufficiently important. My
friend is now even more senior in the same company, so the strategy must work, although these days, I don't
tend to send him many e-mails.
Almost every week now, there seems to be another report suggesting that we are all being driven crazy by the
torment of e-mail. But if this is the case, it's only because we haven't developed the same discrimination in
dealing with e-mail as we do with post. Have you ever mistaken an important letter for a piece of unsolicited
advertising and thrown it out? Of course you haven't. This is because of the obliging stupidity of 99 per cent
of advertisers, who just can't help making their mail shots look like the junk mail that they are. Junk e-mail
looks equally unnecessary to read. Why anyone would feel the slightest compulsion to open the sort of thing
entitled '[email protected]' I cannot begin to understand. Even viruses, those sneaky messages that
contain a bug which can corrupt your whole computer system, come helpfully labeled with packaging that
shrieks 'danger, do not open'.
Handling e-mail is an art. Firstly, you junk anything with an exclamation mark or a string of capital letters, or
from any address you don't recognize or feel confident about. Secondly, while I can't quite support my
American friend's radical policy, e-mails don't all have to be answered. Because e-mailing is so easy, there's a
123
tendency for correspondence to carry on forever, but it is permissible to end a strand of discussion by simply
not discussing it any longer - or to accept a point of information sent by a colleague without acknowledging it.
Thirdly, a reply e-mail doesn't have to be the same length as the original. We all have e-mail buddies who
send long, chatty e-mails, which are nice to receive, but who then expect an equally long reply. Tough, the
charm of e-mail can lie in the simple, suspended sentence, with total disregard for the formalities of the letter
sent by post. You are perfectly within the bounds of politeness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a terse
one-liner, like: 'How distressing. I'm sure it will clear up.'
1. According to the writer, why did the company he mentions decide to adopt the e-mail system?
A. so that the company could contact academics easily
B. to avoid missing out on any amusing novelty
C. because it had been tried and tested in universities
D. to cope with the vast amount of correspondence they received
2. The 'strategy' referred to in the first sentence of the third paragraph is a way of
A. ensuring that important matters are dealt with
B. prioritizing which messages to respond to
C. limiting e-mail correspondence to urgent matters
D. encouraging a more effective use of e-mail
3. According to the writer, what is causing the torment of e-mail' (first sentence of the fifth paragraph)
described in reports?
A. the persistence of advertisers
B. problems caused by computer viruses
C. the attitude of those receiving e-mails
D. lessons learnt dealing with junk mail
4. In the sixth paragraph, which of the following pieces of advice is given?
A. forget about the emails that you don‟t intend to acknowledge
B. use email as a way of avoiding unnecessary conversations
C. be prepared to break off overlong email communications
D. read your emails even if you are not going to answer them
5. According to the writer, what advantage does e-mail correspondence have over the traditional letter?
A. It is more convenient to send
B. It causes fewer misunderstandings
C. It can be written in a less conventional style
D. It does not have the same time-consuming conventions
Sample 2: Section A: Fill each numbered blank with an appropriate word/phrase. Mark the letter A, B, C or
D on your answer sheet.
There has been a revolution in the world of newspapers. Not many years (1)_______, newspapers were
still being produced using the techniques unchanged for (2)_______hundred years.
The journalists gave their stories to a typist, who prepared them for an editor, who passed them on
(3)_______ the printer. The printer, who was a (4)_______skilled man, set up the type. (5)_______ was
then collected to make the pages. When the pages were complete, the printing machines could be
(6)_______.
Nowadays, what (7)_______? The journalists type their stories into a computer. The (8)_______ checks
their spelling, plans the page and shapes the articles. When the pages are ready, another computer may
control the printing.
(9)_______can be no doubt about it, producing a newspaper is an entirely different (10)_______ now.
1: A. ago B. before C. yet D. after
2: A. some B. a C. an D. any
3: A. to B. by C. through D. with
4: A. hardly B. mostly C. partly D. very
5: A. They B. Which C. This D. All
124
6: A. switched B. started C. stopped D. moved
7: A. gives B. occurs C. goes D. happens
8: A. computer B. editor C. typist D. printer
9: A. It B. There C. You D. We
10: A. run B. work C. management D. business
Section B: Read the passage below and choose the best answer for each blank. Mark the letter A,
B, C or D on your answer sheet.
Long ago, a lot of people thought the moon was a god. Other people thought that it was just a light in the
sky, and others thought it was a big ball of cheese.
Then the telescope was made, and man saw that the moon was really another world. They wondered
what it was like and dreamed of going there some day.
On July 20, 1969, that dream came true when two American men landed on the moon. They were Neil
Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin.
The first thing the men found was that the moon is covered with dust. The dust is so thick that the men
left their footprints where they walked. Those were the first marks a living had ever made on the moon.
And they could stay there for years and years because there is no wind or rain to wipe them off.
The two men walked on the moon for hours. They picked up rock and dug up dirt to bring back to the
earth for study. They set up machines to find out things people wanted to know. Then they climbed back
into their moon landing craft.
The next day, the landing craft roared as the two men took off from the moon. Behind them, they left the
plains and tall mountains of the moon, the machines they had set up, and their foot prints that might last
forever.
1: This story tells_______.
A. about the first men to walk on the moon
B. about how men found the foot prints on the moon
C. about what the men brought back to earth from their trip to the moon
D. about who left the footprints on the moon
2: A telescope______.
A. makes balls of light seem brighter B. turns the moon in another world
C. makes men‟s dreams come true D. makes faraway things seem closer
3: The machines on the moon will most likely last until ______.
A. they are stolen B. the rain destroys them
C. they become rusty and break in pieces D. the wind covers them with dust
4: The men brought dust and rock back to earth because_________.
A. they wanted to them to decorate their homes B. they wanted to show their arrival in the moon
C. they were expensive D. people wanted to know more about the moon
5: The next people to the moon could most likely________.
A. find that the machines have disappeared
B. find the place where Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin walked.
C. leave their first footprints on the moon
D. find that the storm has wiped off Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin‟s footprints.
Section B: Read the passage below and choose the best answer for each blank. Mark the letter A,
B, C or D on your answer sheet.
Edwin Hubble‟s astronomical triumphs earned him worldwide scientific honors. Yet nobody could
have managed such a future when the 23-year old Oxford graduate began his first job in New
125
Albany, Indiana, in 1913, or that he would discover that the universe is vast and the Milky way
galaxy insignificant.
Hubble majored in science at the University of Chicago. A tall, powerfully built young man, he
excelled at basketball and boxing, and his combination of academic and athletic prowess earned him
a Rhodes scholarship to Oxford.
Owing to a promise made to his dying father, Hubble took a position as a high school Spanish
teacher on his return to America. Though he was popular with his student, Hubble longed to return
to science.
After a year, he signed on as a graduate student at Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin and embarked
on the work that would one day make him famous. Having discovered the universe contains tens of
billions of galaxies, he then formulated what is now known as Hubble‟s Law: the further away a
galaxy is from Earth, the faster it is racing away. In other words, the universe as a whole is rapidly
expanding. His 1936 book on his discoveries, The Realm of the Nebulae, cemented his public
reputation.
The only recognition that eluded him was the Nobel Prize. By the time the Nobel Committee
decided astronomy could be viewed as a branch of physics, it was too late. Hubble was on the verge
of winning when he died in 1953. He would have been consoled by the fact that his name adorns the
Hubble Space Telescope, which probes the cosmos to depths he could have imagined, but which he
would have fully appreciated.
1) At the time of Hubble‟s death, he was on the point of winning the Nobel Prize for ____.
(A) the Hubble space telescope. (B) Hubble‟s Law
(C) physics (D) peace
2) When Hubble taught Spanish, he ___________.
(A) was a good teacher (B) missed the field of science.
(C) became unpopular in the school (D) improved his teaching technique
3) What does the author state would have pacified Hubble?
(A) Probing the depths of the cosmos. (B) A telescope being named after him.
(C) His reputation with the public. (D) Astronomy being viewed as a branch of physics.
4) According to Hubble‟s Law, the universe is ______.
(A) further away from a galaxy. (B) moving away from the earth.
(C) racing away fast. (D) swiftly enlarging.
5) When Hubble published his book, he ________.
(A) consolidated his popular standing. (B) was financially successful.
(C) improved as a writer. (D) only wrote about the Milky Way.
Sample 3: Read the passage below and choose the best answer for each blank. Mark the letter
A, B, C or D on your answer sheet. Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852), a German educator, was one of the pioneers of early
childhood educational reform. Froebel's vision was to provide children with a new world, where they
could play with others of their own age and slowly gain knowledge and independence. His vision
became known as the kindergarten.
Froebel's philosophy of education encompassed four basic components: self-activity,
creativity, social participation and motor expression. He defined self-activity as the development of
the qualities and skills that make it possible to take an invisible idea and transform it into a reality: to
envisage a purpose, then formulate and carry out a plan to realize that goal. Froebel's important
contribution to early childhood development was his theory that free play should be used as a means
of self-activity, children could externalize their inner natures through imagination, thought, and
movement, rather than through a prescribed system of activities.
126
Froebel provided children with many stimulating activities to enhance their creative powers
and abilities. He designed a series of instructional materials which he called gifts and occupations.
Another component of his educational plan involved working closely with the family unit. He
believed that parents provided the first and most consistent educational influence in a child's life. He
thought that creating a family setting in the school environment would provide children with
opportunities for interacting socially within familiar territory. Froebel's fourth component, motor
expression, refers to learning by doing rather than learning by rote. He was adamant that a child
should not be placed into society's mold but should be allowed to develop on his own and grow at
his own pace.
Today. Froebel's influence is prominent in all school systems across the United States, and
kindergarten is compulsory in most states.
1. What was Froebel's dream?
a. to teach children slowly
b. to build another world for little children
c. to create a special place for educating children
d. to teach children to play with others
2. What is the importance of self-activity for Froebel?
a. It allows a child to develop skills himself.
b. It makes children skillful in their play with others.
c. It allows children to play by themselves according to a plan.
d. It teaches children to think up and meet their own aims.
3. Froebel devised instructional materials so that..........
a. children could actualize their inner natures.
b. children could become involved with free play.
c. children's creativity could be stimulated.
d. he could give children gifts and occupations.
4. Why did Froebel believe in working closely with the family?
a. because parents have the most educational influence
b. because there should be a family unit at school
c. because the family allows children to interact with others
d. because he could compensate for parents
5. What did Froebel emphasize?
a. Children should make things and not just study.
b. A child should become part of society.
c. The development of children should be controlled.
d. Children should develop in their own way.
Sample 4: Read the passage below and choose the best answer for each blank. Mark the letter
A, B, C or D on your answer sheet.
Portoferaio is the capital of the Italian island of Elba. It is a small seaside town in the north of the
island with a beautiful harbor full of boats and ships which go to and from the port of Piombino on
mainland Italy, about an hour away. Napoleon stayed in Portoferraio in 1814 and you can still visit
his house today.
There are some small beaches near the capital where the water is shallow and safe for swimming.
Bigger, sandy beaches are in the south of the island at Campo di Marina and in the east of the island,
there are mountains over 1,000 meter high, which are covered with trees and wild flowers during the
spring and summer months.
127
If you want a quite holiday, visit Elba in May when the weather is the warm in the day and cool in
the evening, hotels are cheap and it‟s easy t find somewhere to stay. But, be careful. It‟s very
different in July and August!
1- It takes about one hour to _____________.
a. go to Portoferraio from Piombion by air
b. go to Portoferraio from Piombino by water
c. swim to Portoferraio from Italy.
d. swim to Portorraio from Elba.
2-Visitors to Elba can find beaches which are safe for swimming__________.
a. in the south of the island
b. in the east of the island
c. on mainland Italy
d. in the north of the island
3- __________________is a good time to visit Elba for a quite holiday.
a. July b. August c. May d. April
4- The word shallow in line 5 most nearly means ___________.
a. not noisy b. not polluted c. not infected d. not deep
5- What does the word harbor in line 2 mean?
a. place of shelter for ships b. place of interest for tourists
c. place of safe for swimmers d. place of entertainment for sailors.
Sample 5: Read the passage below and choose the best answer for each blank. Mark the letter
A, B, C or D on your answer sheet.
Why do people choose the careers they do? It‟s not as simple as it seems. Obviously, a person‟s
abilities influence the decision. But there are other less obvious reasons for career choices- and it
is two of these that I‟d like to talk about today- economic factors and societal factors.
We can see these 2 factors at work if we look at changing patterns of career choice among medical
students in the US. Medical school graduates tend to go into either general medicine- family
practice- or specialist fields such as surgery.
From 1983 to the early 1990s, the percentage of new doctors choosing general practice dropped
from nearly 40% to less than 15%. Since then, though, there has been a dramatic rise in the
proportion of doctors choosing to be general practitioners.
What caused the changes? One factor is economics. Traditionally in the US the family doctor, a
medical generalist- made far less money than medical specialists- doctors who specialized in
treating some particular part of the body. As the cost of medical school rocketed in the early
1980s, so did the number of students wanting to specialize. Entering a high-paying specialty was
an easy way for new doctors to quickly pay back the money they had had to borrow as students.
But relatively quickly, so many medical students became specialists that there was an oversupply
of them. In the early 1990s, some highly trained specialists were unable to find jobs. It became
economically wiser for medical students to choose general practice rather than a specialized
medical field.
How does this relate to the career decisions? Well, when medical students are interviewed today,
many of them say that it is precisely because they are interested in relationship that they are
128
choosing to become family doctors. They say they want to know their patients better than they
could if they were specialists.
1) What is the author‟s main topic?
a. The decrease in the number of family doctors.
b. Jobs that pay most.
c. How abilities influence the decision.
d. Why do people choose their careers?
2) What was one benefit for medical students becoming specialists in the 1980s?
a. They could pay back loans easily.
b. They didn‟t have general training first.
c. They were guaranteed a job.
d. They easily got promotion.
3) Why did more doctors decide to go into general practice in the early 1990s?
a. There were more jobs for specialists...
b. Training costs increased dramatically.
c. There were fewer jobs for specialists.
d. Relationships between family doctors and specialists worsened
4) What did many people think was important in the 1980s?
a. To earn lots of money.
b. To develop strong personal relationships.
c. To go to family doctors, not specialists.
d. To pay lower cost of medical school.
5) In the nineties, what reason did medical students give for choosing to become family doctors?
a. They wanted to know patients well.
b. They wanted to have better work hours.
c. They wanted to have a luxurious lifestyle.
d. They wanted to diversify their relationships.
II. SAMPLES OF WRITING TASKS
Sample 1 Section A: GUIDED SENTENCE BUILDING
Build a complete sentence with the given words.
1. There / 2 factors / work / if / we/ look / changing patterns / choice / medical students.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Medical school graduates / tend / go / general medicine / specialist fields.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. 1983 / percentage / new doctors / choose general practice / drop / nearly 40%.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Since / there / be / dramatic rise / proportion / doctors / choose / general practitioners.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Enter / high-paying specialty / be / easy way / new doctors.
129
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. early 1990s / highly trained specialists / be unable / find jobs.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. It / economically wiser / medical students / choose / general practice.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. I / come here / student / graduate / two years ago.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. I / working / computer technician.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. main difficulty / I / have / be / educational system.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Section B: SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
Rewrite the following sentences without changing their original meaning. Begin the given words.
1. He didn‟t hurry, so he missed the train.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………
2. „I‟m delighted you have kept within your budget,‟ said the Chairman to our boss.
The Chairman congratulated ……………………………………………………………….
3. The letter was written by the clerk.
The clerk .................................................................................................................................
4. Without effort nothing can be gained.
Nobody ....................................................................................................................................
5. We are pleased when our customers are satisfied.
We take pleasure ………………………………………………………………………….......
6. The owner doesn‟t want to sell the business at the moment.
The owner isn‟t interested ……………………………………………………………………..
7. I don‟t agree with our boss when he says we should expand the range of our products.
I think our boss ……………………………………………………………………….................
8. We think you ought to change your pricing policy.
We suggest ………………………………..……………………………………………….......
9. They didn‟t come because the weather was bad.
If the weather ..........................................................................................................................
10. I have to do a lot of homework.
A lot of homework………………………..………………......................…………................
Sample 2 Section A: GUIDED SENTENCE BUILDING
Build a complete sentence with the given words.
1. Lots/ people/ love / there/ because/ it/ be/ pretty/ very
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. But/ towns / small / be / inexpensive / pretty / live.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Yesterday/ I / stay / home / all day.
130
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Last Sunday / I / go / concert / outdoor / great / my friends.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Then / we / have / out / dinner / go / dance
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. People / come / all over the world / visit / city / Hiroshima
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. I / learn /English / now/ ten years.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. It / sound / you / have / busy / weekend / three weeks ago.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. One / your friends / own / cassette-player?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. You / think / there / be / intelligent life / the moon?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Section B: SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
Rewrite the following sentences without changing their original meaning. Begin the given words.
1. We saw him cross the street.
He …………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The garage is going to repair the car for us next Sunday.
We …………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Peter has never seen a worse film.
That is the …………………………………………………………………………………
4. Father never drinks wine.
Never …………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The woman helps us. She was a nurse.
The waitress who ……………………………………………………………………………
6. Although she was tired, she managed to walk home.
Despite …………………....……………………………………………………….………………
7. The book was too old for us to read.
It was such …………........………………………………………………………….……………
8. They didn’t hurry, so they missed the train.
It …………………………………………………………………………………….………………
9. The bus couldn’t run because of the flood.
The flood …………………......……………………………………………………………………
131
10. Most children don’t know much about the job of their choice.
Most children have ………………………………………………………………………………
Sample 3 Section A: GUIDED SENTENCE BUILDING
Build a complete sentence with the given words.
1. One / your friends / own / cassette-player?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. You / think / there / be / intelligent life / the moon?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Lots/ people/ love / there/ because/ it/ be/ very / pretty.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. But/ towns / small / be / inexpensive / pretty / live.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Yesterday/ I / stay / home / all day.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Last Sunday / I / go / concert / outdoor / great / my friends.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. Then / we / have / out / dinner / go / dance
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. People / come / all over the world / visit / city / Hiroshima
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. I / learn /English / now/ ten years.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. It / sound / you / have / busy / weekend / three weeks ago.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Section B: SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
Rewrite the following sentences without changing their original meaning. Begin the given words.
1. Someone killed him yesterday.
He was....................................................................................................
2. She said to me, “Follow me”.
She told....................................................................................................
3. Why don‟t you go to the doctor?
She suggested...........................................................................................
4. She‟s 20 years old.
She‟s at...................................................................................................
5. The bag is too heavy for her to carry.
The bag is so heavy.....................................................................................
6. Lydia decided to give all her money away. She was not rich.
Although ……………………….…………………………………………………………
7. I am not a millionaire. I still would like to help the poor.
If I ……………………………………………………….…………………………………
8. Tom had an accident on the freeway. He was listening to music while driving.
132
If he …………………………………………………………….…………………………
9. A friend of mine helped me get a job. His father is the manager of the company.
……………………………………………………………….…; therefore, ………………
………………………………………………………………………………..
10. Traffic was very heavy early morning. He managed to come to work on time.
……………………………………………………….……, but ……………………………
…………………………………..
Sample 4 Section A: GUIDED SENTENCE BUILDING
Build a complete sentence with the given words.
1. Sister / in love / the doctor.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. She / tell / not / close / window.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Wall/ too/ high/ climb over.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. I / not / know / how old / she.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. It / take / her / ten minutes / go to school.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. you / been to / London / before?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. My aunt / work / Hitachi / since 1990.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. What / the name / the girl / car / you / borrow?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. I / busy / talk / you / now.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. Now / she / dance / beautifully / than / used to.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Make a complete sentence with each set of words or phrases.
1. Neil Armstrong / walked / moon / lived / the USA.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Although / rain / heavy / go / school on time.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. The teacher / teach us / last year / Mrs. Green.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. If / I / have / money / buy / car.
133
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. The man / you / see / yesterday / be / my secretary.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. You / understand / word / teacher / write / the board?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. The boy / I / want / help / be very poor.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. You / want / have / coffee / tea?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. We / do / test / although / it / be / difficult.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. She / not come / party / although / we / invite / her / yesterday.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
134
III. TEST SAMPLE
BỘ TÀI CHÍNH
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC TÀI CHÍNH - MARKETING
KỲ THI TUYỂN SINH SAU ĐẠI HỌC
MÔN THI: ANH VĂN
Thời gian làm bài: 120 phút
(Thí sinh làm bài trên giấy trả lời – Không sử dụng tài liệu)
PART I. GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence. Mark A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet.
1. The Security Department has warned that any _____________ use of the car park on weekends
will result in the vehicle being towed.
A. unauthorized B. unauthorizes C. unauthorizing D. unauthorized
2. __________ it prove necessary to send your payment by money order, please take your request to
the Payment Department, where you find the appropriate forms.
A. Could B. Would C. Should D. Might
3. All prospective employees are requested to ___________ a recent photo as well as copies of all
letters of recommendation.
A. take B. come C. bring D. have
4. The latest __________ to emerge from our production lines is considered by many to lead the
field in the area of mobile communications.
A. product B. produce C. producing D. productivity
5. Would all participants in the year‟s convention, please complete their confidential ___________
and place them in the boxes provided before leaving today?
A. evaluate B. evaluator C. evaluated D. evaluations
6. The manager noted that sales of smaller models had risen significantly but __________ mentioned
the drop-off orders for the electric version.
A. too B. also C. either D. besides
7. Any employee wishing to leave the workplace for any reason during business hours must
__________ a special leave form.
A. sign B. signs C. to sign D. was signed
8. . ….he nor she is interested in helping their parents at home.
A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. Each
9. Next month we have a …………holiday.
A. two weeks B. two week C. two week‟s D. two weeks‟
10. The secretary types carefully…..she won‟t make any mistake in the report.
A. in order to B. so as to C. so that D. in order to
11. It was not until the 1950s that an effective ….….for that virus was found.
A. injection B. vaccine C. solution D. method
12. Have you finished………your clothes yet? .
A. to wash B. washed C. wash D. washing
13. Cheer up! You look…………!
A. disappoint B.disappointment C. disappointed D. disappointing
135
14. Jane is …….to solve this complicated problem.
A. not intelligent enough B. too enough intelligent
C. not enough intelligent D. such intelligent
15. Look! That man ….. to open the door of your car..
A. tried B. try C. has tried D. is trying
16. We‟ve lived in the same house ……..the past 25 years.
A. after B. for C. before D. since
17. ______ there in time, we must start now.
A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Is
18. They have made a lot of progress ________ the country became independent.
A. for B. since C. before D. until
19. The Boeing 747 is twice ____ the Boeing 707.
A. bigger than B. as bigger as C. as big as D. more bigger than
20. They are hanging up their clothes to make them ________.
A. dry B. being dry C. drying D. dried
21. I go ________ school in the morning.
A. at B. in C. for D. to
22. Would you like ____to one of my friends about it?
A. talking B. to talk C. talk D. talked
23. Mr. Brown ________ me a very nice letter a few days ago.
A. sends B. send C. sent D. have sent
24. She ________ a very amusing article in one of the newspapers yesterday.
A. found B. find C. finds D. had found
25. They are ________ their competition now.
A. started B. have started C. start D. starting
26. I have seen many dancers, but Celia dances __________of all.
A. more gracefully B. the most graceful C. the most gracefully D. gracefully
27. Geologists have ___________ rock samples from the inside of the crater in order to study the
impact of the meteorite.
A. collect B. collected C. collecting D. collects
28. In what city ____________ going to hold the next Democratic convention?
A. they will B. are they C. will they D. they are
29. Many people think that Venice is ___________ city in the world.
A. the most beautiful B. more beautiful C. very beautiful D. the beautiful
30. I speak Spanish, ___________ my brother doesn‟t.
A. and neither B. but C. and so D. either
31. The spectators wanted the new player ____________ the award.
A. win B. wins C. would win D. to win
32. There are ____________ mountain lakes in the Alpine regions of Italy.
A. a little B. much C. several D. any
33. Male employees ____________ wearing jackets and ties today because the air conditioning is
broken.
A. not B. aren‟t C. do D. don‟t
34. Many people think that smoking must be _____________in restaurants.
A. happened B. disappeared C. occurred D. banned
35. People ____________ receive a lot of letters before they started using e-mail.
A. were accustomed to B. were used to C. looked forward to D. used to
36. I was a member of the Country Club's Recreation committee ________ it was first established,
but I quit after a few months.
136
A. nevertheless B. still C. when D. since
37. At our annual board meeting, we decided to release the funds necessary to redesign all work
areas to make the office more ________ for staff.
A. comfort B. comforters C. comfortable D. comfortably
38. _______ a low-price policy, we will offer competitive prices and quality services to the
customers.
A. According to B. Further C. Instead D. However
39. ________ I have exchanged email and memos with the Regional Vice President, I have never
met him in person.
A. Except B. Although C. However D. Unlike
40. A friendly personality and a courteous behavior ________ for the receptionist position.
A. are requiring B. are required C. should require D. will require
41. When you are riding a bicycle you should ________ the handlebars firmly.
A. handle B. hold C. hand D. have
42. The audience thanked her with six standing ovations, which was _______ remarkable
considering that the concert was nearly canceled.
A. most of B. all the more C. many more D. too much
43. The green skis and black boots belong to my sister and the gray skis and boots are ________.
A. I B. mine C. myself D. my
44. I bought a single ticket only on the bus, but my friend bought a ________ one.
A. double B. new C. second D. return
45. The workmen made so much ________ that Mrs. Walker had to spend three days cleaning up
afterwards.
A. trouble B. damage C. mess D. nuisance
46. John Kennedy was ________ of the United States.
A. the thirty-five president C. the president thirty-fifth
B. the thirty-fifth president D. president the thirty-five
47. Studies indicate ________ collecting art today than ever before.
A. there are that more people C. that there are more people
B. more people that are D. people there are more
48. I was told that ________ care could have prevented the accident. Is that true?
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
49. The earth spins on its axis and ________ 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.09 seconds for one
complete rotation.
A. need B. needed C. needing D. needs
50. Since they aren't answering their telephone, they ________.
A. must have left B. should have left C. need have left D. can have left
PART II. READING COMPREHENSION
Section A: Fill each numbered blank in the passage below with an appropriate word or
phrase. Mark the letter A,B, C or D on your answer sheet.
The first thing I had to do in London was finding somewhere to live, if possible a small, one-
bedroomed (1) ________. I didn't want to share a kitchen or toilet; I wanted to be independent in my
own (2) ______place. I decided I could pay a (3)_________ £50 a week. I couldn't find what I
wanted in the newspaper (4) ________so I went to an (5) ___________. They offered me a nice
137
place. It was in a modem (6) ________ on the third floor. I had to pay the agency a (7)_______ , and
the (8) _______a big (9) ________and (10)________ from my employer and bank manager.
1. A. house B. room C. flat D. building
2. A. self-contained B. beauty C. interested D. interesting
3. A. money B. price C. deposit D. rent
4. A. advertisements B. ad C. advert D. advertise
5. A. office B. shop C. branch D. accommodation agency
6. A. block B. place C. lock D. floor
7. A. money B. fee C. tip D. cash
8. A. housekeeper B. man C. landlord D. owner
9. A. commission B. price C. deposit D. credit card
10. A. refer B. referents C. reference D. references
Section B: Read the following passages and choose the best answer for each question.
Passage 1:
American beer is probably, together with French beer, the most maligned beer in the world.
Americans possibly care more for liquor and the French definitely like their wine. But now
American beer is making a comeback; it's pushing foreign imported beers off supermarket shelves
and is even causing ripples in markets abroad. And the secret to all this is the microbrew.
Inspired by a campaign for real ale in Britain, which was successful at keeping mass-marketed beers
from destroying the small, local breweries, the microbrew started in the 1970s on the west coast.
However, in the 80s, affluence brought about a change in spending and in taste, this time for the
more expensive foreign beers. But now the micros are back.
Basically all the microbrew is a more flavorful, specialty beer, not mass-produced but produced in
smallish quantities by a small brewery and often sold locally. Samuel Adams sells in New England,
Redhook Ale in Seattle and Brooklyn Lager originally of course from New York, also sells in Japan.
They are spreading their small wings.
People are learning that beer can come in a myriad of tastes and colors, and it can be fresh and
inexpensive, just so long as it is a microbrew.
1. What is the main point the author is trying to make?
(A) American beer is as maligned as French beer.
(B) Americans care for liquor more than beer.
(C) The microbrew is helping American beer become more popular.
(D) The secret of foreign imported beers is the microbrew.
2. Why did they start producing microbrews on the west coast in the 1970s?
(A) To compete with foreign beer.
(B) To compete with the mass-produced beers.
(C) The breweries were too small.
(D) There wasn't enough real ale.
3. What does the author give as the reason why Americans preferred microbrews to foreign
beers?
(A) It was cheaper.
(B) There were too many foreign beers on the supermarket shelves.
(C) Foreign beer has too many flavors.
(D) Microbrews are found everywhere.
4. What is NOT a reason for the success of the microbrew?
(A) Color.
(B) Price.
138
(C) Mass-production.
(D) Flavor.
5. What best describes the author's attitude to the new beer?
(A) It's good for America and Americans.
(B) It's important to the less affluent.
(C) It's best as a draft beer.
(D) It has too many flavors and colors.
Passage 2: Thomas Jefferson disliked the deference in the early American buildings to the architecture
of Georgian England, which served as a constant reminder of monarchial tyranny and the bloody
years of the War of Independence. He aspired to a more timeless architecture, based at first on his
favored Renaissance styles, which in turn were based on the architecture of ancient Rome.
What made Jefferson's buildings especially American was the way they were integrated into
the landscape. His beloved home, Monticello, was pushed into a hilltop so that its spreading service
wings would not obstruct the sweeping panorama of the Blue Ridge Mountains visible from the
house. The building became a part of the hill and made possible views of tilled lowlands to the east
and a rugged wilderness that stretched to the west.
All of Jefferson's buildings were created with a clear view to utility and with a special
relationship to the landscape. He favored grassy terraces with views if possible to the mountains. But
his buildings also showed his idealism, to serve as examples of good architecture, which usually
meant the architecture of classical antiquity, which was for him the architecture of a republic.
6. What is the purpose of the passage?
(A) To show how American architecture has been based on English architecture.
(B) To introduce various types of American architecture.
(C) To explain how republican architecture came into existence.
(D) To describe Thomas Jefferson's taste in architecture.
7. In what way were Jefferson's buildings very American?
(A) They were built on mountains.
(B) They were a reminder of the War of Independence.
(C) They blended with the natural environment.
(D) They were loved by Americans as homes.
8. What was NOT true about Jefferson's buildings?
(A)They were very practical.
(B) They were copies of English architecture.
(C) They were a part of the landscape.
(D) They often had lawn terraces.
9. What does the author feel Jefferson considered a good architect?
(A) Someone who followed his own ideals.
(B) Someone who designed mainly public buildings.
(C) Someone who only copied classical architecture.
(D) Someone who cared more for beauty than practicality.
10. What is the tone of the passage?
(A) Against Jefferson's style.
(B) Critical of his love of classical architecture.
(C) Regretful he did not follow the style of the English.
(D) Neutral.
139
PART III. WRITING
A. Guided Sentence Building
Use the following sets of words and phrases to write complete sentences: 1. My family / is / urgent need / money.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. what / you / do / if / you / lose / job ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. wood / use / make / paper / since / nineteenth century.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. I / hope / find / suitable / school / next few days.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. workers / try / put / fire / control.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Jane / go / that school / and so / my brother.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. I / look forward / see / you / next month.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. After / that experiment / I / no longer / lack / any kind / chemicals / my use.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Sue / rather / that we / not / leave / yesterday.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. You / better learn / these / poem / heart.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
B. Sentence Transformation
Rewrite the following sentences without changing their original meaning. Begin with the given
words.
1. It is at Mr. Foster‟s request that I‟m writing this letter to you.
Mr. Foster ....................................................................................................................................
2. The cost of living has gone up considerably in the last few years.
There has been ..............................................................................................................................
3. I expect that they will get there by lunch time.
I expect them ................................................................................................................................
4. I‟m sorry I couldn‟t come to your birthday party last Sunday, John.
Mary apologizes ...........................................................................................................................
5. My cousin doesn‟t study well because he spends too much time playing games.
If my cousin ..................................................................................................................................
6. The last time I saw him was in 2001.
I haven't ........................................................................................................................................
7. If you don't know how to spell the word, why don't you check in the dictionary?
Why don‟t you ............................................................................................................................ ?
8. You are a little fat. You don‟t do exercise regularly.
If you ............................................................................................................................................
9. Rosaline washed my clothes very well.
My clothes ....................................................................................................................................
10. Elisabeth: "Did you watch the latest film?"
Elisabeth asked me .......................................................................................................................
End of Test
140
MỤC LỤC
A. NHỮNG CHỦ ĐIỂM NGỮ PHÁP (GRAMMAR FOCI) Trang
Phần I: Thì (Tenses) 1
1. Thì hiện tại đơn (The Present simple tense) 1
2. Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn (The Present continuous tense) 1
3. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành (The Present perfect tense) 2
4. Thì quá khứ đơn (The Past simple tense) 2
5. Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn (The Past continuous tense) 2
6. Thì quá khứ hoàn thành (The Past perfect tense) 3
7. Thì tương lai đơn (The Future simple tense) 3
8. Thì tương lai tiếp diễn (The Future continuous tense) 3
9. Thì tương lai hoàn thành (The Future perfect tense) 4
10. Thì tương lai gần (The Near future tense) 4
BÀI TẬP 4
Phần II: Cụm từ và mệnh đề (Phrases and Clauses) 9
1. Phrases and clauses of concession 9
2. Phrases and clauses of reason 12
3. Phrases and clauses of purpose 15
4. Clauses of result 18
5. Relative clauses 21
6. IF clauses 26
BÀI TẬP 27
Phần III: Hình thức động từ, Nguyên mẫu không TO, Danh động từ hoặc Nguyên mẫu
(Verb form, Bare infinitive, Gerund or Infinitive) 29
1. Verbs followed by “Bare infinitive” 29
2. Verbs followed by “TO infinitive” 29
3. Verbs followed by “Gerund” 30
141
4. Verbs followed by “Gerund or TO infinitive” 30
5. Causative form and purpose with HAVE 31
BÀI TẬP 32
Phần IV: Câu tường thuật (Reported Speech) 35
BÀI TẬP 36
Phần V: Thể thụ động (Passive Voice) 38
1. The Present simple tense 38
2. The Present continuous tense 38
3. The Present perfect tense 38
4. The Past simple tense 38
5. The Past continuous tense 39
6. The Past perfect tense 39
7. The Future simple tense 39
8. The Future continuous tense 40
9. The Future perfect tense 40
10. The Near future tense 40
11. Some special forms of Passive voice 40
BÀI TẬP 42
Phần VI: Sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ (Subject and Verb agreement) 46
BÀI TẬP 48
Phần VII: Đảo ngữ (Inversion) 53
1. Questions 53
2. Exclamations 53
3. After SO, NEITHER, NOR 53
4. After negative and restrictive expressions 53
5. Conditional clauses 54
6. Whole verb before subject 54
BÀI TẬP 55
142
Phần VIII: Biến đổi câu (Sentence Transformation) 62
1. Model 1 62
2. Model 2 62
.3. Model 3 63
4. Model 4 65
5. Model 5 66
6. Model 6 67
7. Model 7 68
8. Model 8 70
9. Model 9 70
10. Model 10 70
11. Model 11 70
12. Model 12 71
BÀI TẬP 71
Phần IX: Tính từ (Adjective) 75
1. Các bậc so sánh của tính từ hoặc trạng từ 75
2. So sánh kép 76
3. Trật tự của tính từ 76
4. Tính từ tận cùng bằng –ING và –ED 77
Phần X: Một số giới từ thông dụng (Common prepositions) 78
1. Prepositions of time 78
2. Prepositions of place 78
3. Prepositions of cause, reason, motive 78
4. Prepositions of aim, purpose 78
5. Một số giới từ đi với tính từ hoặc động từ 78
BÀI TẬP 80
Phần XI: Thành ngữ chỉ số lượng (Expressions of quantity) 85
Phần XII: DO or MAKE 89
143
BÀI TẬP 89
B. CÁC BÀI KIỂM TRA THỰC HÀNH NGỮ PHÁP 91
(GRAMMAR PRACTICE TESTS)
I. Verb forms & Tenses 91
II. Relative Clauses 93
III. Gerunds & Infinitives 95
IV. Auxialiary Verbs 99
V. Subject & Verb Agreement 103
VI. Conditionals 105
VII. Adjective & Descriptive Phrases & Participial Forms 107
VIII. Comparatives & Superlatives 109
IX. Negation 111
X. Pronouns & Determiners 113
XI. Articles 115
XII. Conjunctions & Prepositions 117
C. NGUỒN THAM KHẢO (REFERENCES) 121
D. PHỤ LỤC (APPENDICES) 122
I. Bài mẫu phần đọc hiểu (Samples of Reading comprehension) 122
II. Bài mẫu phần Viết (Samples of Writing tasks) 128
III. Đề thi mẫu (Test Sample) 134
*****
