EOfAAH M. JTyFAPAT4T

HI{KONAJ A. EEPbAJEBI43MEbYUNGRUNDA

I,I OIIA

Eeorpa4,2003

y'eo4Ha peu

OsLINa paAoN{ rzcrpaNyjeuo yqeme o Ungrundu L{ rberoByrurpj Ha xprurhaHcry $r.uroco$ajy Huxonaja A. Eep!aje_na. Byayhu aa je pycxa xpnurhaHcxa QunocoSuja, xojojnpvnara v Mncao Beplajena, qecro ce6e orBapana yrvgLa_jnrraa rojra ce se 6u Mouru ycarnacnrv ca [peAarbeM [Ipa-BocJraBHe I]prne, Hvrrv ca FbeHoM reopr,rjona Hr4-til ca rLeHoM[paKcoM, oBaJ paA ce Moxe cMaTpaTrl r,r npznoronr rojr.rnpuxaryje cleqrzQrvne u rvrrrcKe pa3nurce uzrvref.ly reoJrorr4_je llpanocnaene I{prne fi pycKe penzrujcxe QrzlocoQzje,KaKBoM ceJaBJ'ba y eflocn TaKo3BaHof ,,cpe6puor,' BeKa, oA_HocHo y u:nopuoj $asu pycre pelnrujcxe ,,peuecauce',.Konr<peruo, crylnja norasyje (1) urmaje ro yvene o Un_grundu (uaeHrure.r re rauuclu), (2) odarcne u naxo je 4o-cneno y Eepfajeureny Mrdcao (ucropajar pa:uoja rt rpeHo-[Ielba re 3aMr4cnr{), (3) ueuy ) {e}be o Ungrundu (crlonQynxuuja xoje ra 3aMficao o6aBr,a ylryrap cr4creMa Bepfa_jenrrere lruclu) vt, tajzag, (4) xojn je Hajra-rsannj, i*oulpr4nr.rKoM BpeAHoB arr,a ro r- yqelba (npe4lo r epMr,rHeBTLrr{_Ko-Kpr,rrr,rqKe crpareruje c o6:npov Ha AoMere r{ npereH_:uje 4oxrpr.rne o Ungrundu). v ornr.rpy Kpr4rr4qKor BpeAHo_Batl'a re AoKrprrHe (Ungrund: pro et contra), npyxarrlo 4e_ceT flpuroBopa ToM yqerby, ca cTaHoBr,[xTa IrpaBocJraBHeAorMarr,rKe rz ca craHoB tzrrrra Jror[rrtKo-pe$lercuaue Kpz_ruxe. Ilper,r4a cy l'lrurc3u raKBr.{ Aa cyrepuury oA6aur.{Ba}seAoKrpr{He o Ungrundu, 6ytyhu La je xemepodr,txcua, utaxce noKa3yJe Aa ro yqebe, MaKap Ha Hr4BOy HaMepa, noKy_rlaBa cnyxr,rrr,r rrt4JbeBuMa rojrz uucy HecafnacHr,r ca 6azvt r_Hr,rM crpeMJbemfl Ma ncroprj c rcor H BaceJbeHc Kor xpurut.ta r r_

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crBa. TaKaB je qur anonoruja cro6oAe, xao u oa6paHa 6o-x(aHcKHX, MHCTrrrIKlrX I{ J1I'IqHOCHI4X OCHOBa CIIO3HaIba pI

AeJroBarba ,'byAcKor 6nha y oxBl4py lberoBe ucropr.ljcre uapyrurBeHe clrryaulrJ e.

I

Ysoa

... Ad Christi veram transiuit philosophiam,In qua longaeuae bene complens ultima vitae

P hilos ophis quandoque b onis s e conumer andum...[Pierre le Vdndrable, Carmina, Epitaohium Abaelardi, P. L.

CLXXXX, 1022-10231

,,O Ungrundu je uenoeyFte caquHumu nojau..."[Hnronaj A. Bepflajev, fiyx u cmzapHocm,

ITapuz,19371

Y saxryrHoM rornaBJby cryluje o rene3n, crpyKrypr4 r{cMucny pycKe reonorr.rje z penurHjcKe Kynrype oraq feop-rnje @noporcKr4 ocraBJba cne4ehy oqeny: ,,I4cropuja py-cKe Kynrype je cua y [peKlrAr.rMa, y cyrapuua, y nopuqa-r\vMa vnv 3aHocuMa, y pa3or{aperbr4Ma, [poMeHaMa, pacue-[I4Ma."' To ruro je Onopoucrlr lr3peKao 3a pycKy penraruj-cKy Kynrypy yonrxre cBaKaKo BaIKV t4 3a KoHKperHa yo6nu-qerf,a yHyTap rbe. Kao perKo rAe, Taj acnerff ,,pa3piaBa rrcBe3a" (IIPE, 500) HrrJrur3r{Mo y xpuurhaHcxoj $unocoSrajzHraror aj a Anercauqpoe ra.ra Bep! aj eu a (l 81 4 - | 9 48). f o eo-pehu o pycroj roBecru yonrrre, Eepfajen je y u:necuonacMr4cny ol[cr,rBao [r KapaKTep croje unclra. Taxo, ,,pycKy

* Alia signa: Cse Harue lrneprenquje Kyp3r.rBoM, yrusyryjyhrz u Ha-BoAe r,r3 Eeplajeererux cnuca, o6e.nexrun cMo acreprzcKoru: (*). Ab-breviaturae cy. trare caMo y. onr,rv cly.rajeuzMa Ka,qa ce o4pefenucnuc nojan.nyje Br,rrre Hero jegHou. Taxofe, cBr4 oar.roMrrlr r.rs Apeo-nafr,rTcKof Kopnyca AaTr.t cy npeMa HarxeM npeBoay.' Onopoecxn, oraq feoprnje, Ifymeeu pycrcoz 6ozocnoena (pyc.),IIMI(A-IIpec, Ilapur, (1937) 1983,500 (abbr.: IIPE).

r.rcrop[jy Haj^6oJbe KapaKrepl{uy pacKoJIH l{ KaracrpoQ}rq-Hr{ pacqerrr"' [...] raxar je XIX BeK: BeK MucJIrI u perru u,r{croBpeMeHo, BeK orurpor pacKona [...] xao ylryrpalulberoc,'ro6afama Ir cHaxHor AyxoBHor u cotlujaluor tparana"(PHA, 8-9). Tuna rryreu Eepfajen je, rrlarap r rocpeAHo,florKpenpro oqeny (Dloponcxor.

[o4yrue, rrlMe He xeJrr.rMo Ka3aru xaro BeplajeBJbeByMr,rcao rrcKJbyqr{Bo oAltilKyje crane [porl,IBcraBJbeHocrl4,ArrcKo HTrrHyrrTera Lrrv raracrpo$uuKe paAl,IK?rnHocru. vrreronoj Bpcrr,r Mr{ruJberba Moxe ce npouahn n roce6no je-

Ar,rHcrBo r.r3palr(eHo rpor neo6uuHy c[perHyrocr ocHoBHuxeJreMeHara. Karo nornplyje IJejuc M. Mexnaxnan (JamesM. Mclachlan):,,...ynyrap r'aean.4plapajyhux nyrena Bep-fa.jenn eae Mr,rcJrr4 rexr,r jegan o4 najnorrryuulux u oprrr-H8Jil{t4X MeTaoU3r4rIKlIX C?rCreMa rxro lrx je nonyauo oape-

fettu pclturu.jcxn ensucreHqnjarucra. lllranratue, yrpKocenet' liepbqienJbeBol rHeBa npornB crrcreMa, yuyrap erur4-eT€HUqlanHo A4iaacxrure tberoBe MLIoJILI l{3palba uera$u-1t{tlx}l cl,lcTeM cno6oAe rojn je-rorunJteraH I,I ay6oK KonI,IKoH oHql HoMHttKHx uAoaJrHcra."' ' Or{ raxo ocraje BepaH cBo-

,lnu ruuoruttnM yqcH,HMa n nAejar*ra, 6es o6sr.rpa Ha npelr-HAqerba lllTo tlx 're HAeje no6uja.iy 3aBucHo oa noBo,[a r.rxo]r1'6Kc1'n ynol'pe6e, To rrycnyro urycrpyje feopruje Oe-/lo'ton: ,,Llernpn oclroBHa nojua, xojn cy ysajar,ano r{crpe-nJrel'BItH y o6rr.rry pa3nflqurfix nwaoya jedue* u4eje, ogpe-[yjy perurrjcry reMy xo4 Bepfajena: rrlrqHocr, Ayx, cno-6o1a u crBapanaurBo."" KaKo o6jarunana fionan4 A. JIoy-

2 Eepfajen, Hlmonaj A., Pycrca udeja, nper,oa'. Mapuja u Epaur.rc.rrarMapxoauh, Ilpocrera, Eeorpa4, 1987,7-19 (abbr.: PI4!).3 Mclachlan, James M., The Desire to be God: Freedom and the Ot-her in Sartre and Berdyaev lstudies in Phenomenological Theology,e4.: S. Laycock, vol. ll, Peter Lang, New York, 1992, ll2 (abbr.:DTG).o (DeAoros, feopnr-rje tI., Bepfajee - ,Mcnuna\, ,,Honu x1pna,r"(pyc.), XIX, I5yjopx, 1948,26G278: rocMprHo o6jar.neno y aHrono-

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pu (Donald A. Lowrie): ,,Aro je pasnoj merone MLIcJIn ro-HeKaA HeAOcfleAaH, ro ce He uoxe pehu ra EepfajenDeayua*repy* !r ocHoBHe nojuone."t

To :Haqu Aa r(iby{Hr4 reopujcru KoHcrpyxrr4 ra nojnao-nra BeplajenreBe Mr{cJrr4 Qyuxqraountuy lorryr,,MarHera"ruro ucrpajnoruhy cnoje npr,rBnar{He cure ycneuajy Aa ca-6epy ocrale eJreMeHre u Aenlrhe xoju 6u, y [porLIBHoM,6ranu nperryurreHr4 HepeAy u,,6payunjaucroj " pacyrocrlr.Koprryc Bepfajenrene reopujcre Milcru MoxeMo rarofeI,InycrpoBarll ueraSoporta ,,clrpoBor Kpl,rcraJla". Jep, ro jeMecro rAe cpeherrao npLrBvr,'aH HepeA r,rJr!r, Aa KaxeMo,,,pa:6aqauu peg". To 3uaqn Aa je nerona Mrrcao noBe3aHau3Hympa, AoK Ha rroBprrrrrHlr cTBapa yTlrcaK HerroBe3aHocT}rr{ qaK nporuBpeqne pas6apyureuocrr,r, norryT ,,JrenorHorHepeAa crape pycKe 6arure", xaro je peqeHo :a Bepfaje-BJbeB Krbr4xeBHr4 crlrJr (EEM). Crora uua npano Oyaa Hy-ro (Fuad Nucho) KaAa yoqaBa KaKo cy ,,FepfajeereBr4 cflv-cn ryp6yreurHlr Ha rroBprur{Hlr, rra qr,rrirJrarl Mopa 3apoHlr-rr4 rrcrroA rroBprrrrrHe, y Aydwty rreroBor yMoBarba, raxo 6ulpoHaruao Benr.rKy Mepy rpe3BeHocrr{ r{ [poAy6JbeHocrlr.Alru, var n ry cycpeheMo ABocMr.rcJreHy rMlrHy v 3aBo[,Jbvr-Be [oABoAHe crpyje."" 36una, Beplajenreaa Mr4cao y3He-nnplnra je oKeaH pycKe perurnjcxe MrrcJru. I4nar, rao n cy-rxrr,r pycKr,r Ayx, oHa nnje calro yr6yprana eeh u 4y6rauouvupyjyha. ,{oayue, He perKo, raj Ay6uHcru Mr{p r4 Herro-vyheHocr raKBr{ cy reK Ha HatrLrH cpeAr,rrxra Blrpa. OxpeHu-MO Ce CTOra [OTMynr4M O4jeqUrraa lUrO AOIIUpy uZ aMl'vtcaEep!ajeenene xpuurhaucxe $r,uroco$uje.

ruju (Degoron,'reBux paAoBa: Hoau epad, I4sAasaqKr,r .qov ,,tlexon",I6yjopr, 1952 (abbr.: EEM).' Lowrie, Donald A., Rebellious Prophet, Harpers & Brothers, NewYork. 1960.246.o Nucho, Ftad, Berdyaev's Philosophy: The Existential Paradox ofNecessity and Freedont, Anchor Books / Doubleday & Company,New York, 1966, 181 (abbr.: EPNF).

Vupxoc opraucrcoj ,,clperuyrocrr4", aKo seh He r ca-MocafJracHocrr,r, ocHoBHr,rx Eeplaj enrenI4x 1^rerra u uyeja,ocraje vurreuvr\a ra HeKe oA rblrx Hefipecrauo usasueajypacKoJre, [aprn3aHcKe rroJreMr,rre H!fir, y naj6oreu cJr]qa-jy, epunuenruqKe He.uoyMrrue ruro losueajy Ha HoBe reo-prajcxe [perparc. To ce, npe cBera, Moxe Ka3arv 3a nocne-.u,lrue lberoBor ]qerba o Ungrundu. To yrerre, rao z n4eje cI6LrM y Be3r,I, cBaKaKo uua cnoco6Hocr lI3a3I,IBaIba 3a[iub]r-BI,IX paclpaBa. Ta 4orrpuna je npo6neMarr.rr{Ha KaKo yHy-rap ce6e (y oanocy na EepfajeareBo caMop€t3yMeBarbe regoxrpzHe) raKo rr rgsau ce6e (y ognocy ua rr,troro6pojueryrvra.re). [a je ono rpBo rar{Ho, norrpfyje cdru Bepfajenxaaa nprsuaje Aa yr{ebe o Ungrundu yu ut1truza uuje ca-BprueHo nposnpHo.' fia je u oHo Apyro rarrHo - uornpfyjeHrr3 TyMaqa xoju ce o roM rrr,rralby pa3nr4quro n:jaurua-BajY.

Beh r,r c6rr,r orau feoprr.rje Oroponcxu yira3r{ y cfloporo Ungrunda, ne xplrjyhu caojy xecrlrHy. Y llymeeuuapycKoe 6oeocnoema vyjy ce pecKe peqv roje uucy crpequ-le aa Bepfajen, rauruje, Oloponcrou y3Bparr,r He Marbeou'rpo. V uexy pyrcy, raj ,,[Hr.1r44eur" Moxe ce y3errr Kaoclrv6oruqxu noqeraK noBecrv,,yHrpyHAcKor 4l,Icryra".Ha upnrr,rep, orau feopnrje 6ecrolupoMr4cHo, aJrr.r 3aro Be-oMa rBpAo rz 6es uujancvpanba, rasyje xaro Beplajee y ne-try Cuucao cmaapcuawmea (1916) ,,... r43HoBa r{cryna tr3'ucropujcror xpuurhancrna', r.t ro y e3orepr43aM crreKyna-rHBHe Mlrcrlrre, xa J. Eevey u llapaqemycy, 6op6eHo o4-crynajyhn oA cBeroorar{Kor npeAarba [...] Eeplajen je can ynusnjaua HeMaqKe Mr.rcrr4Ke, r,r oHa rbeMy raravnyje (pyc.:3afopaxr.rBaeru) onur Benuxe Ifpxne. To je je4Ho oA cy-rrrrlrHcx r4 KapaKTepr,rcrlr q Hr,rx Lt cxyruerba pyc Ke pen rz ruj cne

7 Boehme, Jacob, Mysterium Magnum; Avec deux dtudes sur Jnre de N. Berdiaef, Aubier, Paris, 1946, 12.

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Mr4cJrr.r - HoBa Qasa yrouucru.{re ca6ra3Hu..." (IIPB,492). OnasuheMo KaKo yqerbe o Ungrundu nogcrnue olyj-Hy peaxuujy rrcraKHyror rlpeAcraBHr{Ka re Belnre I{prcee.

Ynpxoc cBeMy, ocraje .urrreuwla Ea ro crropHo )r.lerLerlpeAcraBJra r.r3y3erHo BaxHo yropurlre Eeplajenrenexpnruhancxe Qruoco$r.rje Kao raKBe. Kaxo c npaBoM 3ana-xa Arercasgap [rN,rr.rrpnjenuh: ,,fh.rrarbe je, 3aucra, 3a-ruro je Beplajen yBeo ry rareroprajy (Ungrund - aym.), atnje oarr,lax jacHo aa ce rberoBa Qr.urocor[uja 6eg rre He MoxegaMncrLrrLr."' O.4ronop Ha n[Tarbe raurro je ro raKo y[pa-Bo r{ [peAcraBJba Harrr 3aAaraK. Hata1au cfloJba oA rIpKBe-Hlrx r,r HerIpKBeHr,rx Mr4cJlr,rJraua, npo6JleMarvrqar r,r3Hyrpa,.raK vr 3a c6uor ayropa, a vrraK HerrpecyruaH usnop Qacqu-naur{e u reopujcror pa3MlrrrrJbarba - Eepfajesnen Un-grund u reopnje oryAa r.r3BeAeHe, y oApebenou^cMucny,curra6on rz ruy rDnrypy pycre pel r.r rr.rj cKe peHecaHce.' Asalu-3a yqerba o Ungrundu crora [peAcraBJba r.rcrpaxvBarue vrcneulrQuunocrr.r [apaAilrMe pycKe pelrarr.rjcre Qmoco-0"je

l l

Boeh-

II

Ungrund Kao Mtrr a cnu6ol: crpyKType

Harue nmane caila fJractr: KaKaB je o.uHoc yvena o Un-grundu He caMo ca EeplajenreBoM BpcroM xpuurhaucreMvrcru seh 14 ca xpzlrhaucxnM yqerbeM cBerHX oraua !p-xse?'u O,4 npaBunHon oAroBopa Ha ro nrararbe 3aBwcklBpeAHoBarbe Bepfajearene Mncrv y qenlrHn. Taj o.qronopraxole uoxe lonaohu y orKJrarbaby HeAoyMnqa xoje, yrrpoTr4BHoM, Mory cnpeqvTr4 KoHTaKT ca [opyKoM ruTO JeoAarur,rJbe orryc pycror Ml,rcJuioqa. Merogoloruru rJreAaHo,HaJraxerbe fipaB?rnHof oAroBopa npernocraBJba najrraameqerr,rpu negao6ularna ynvra. florpe6uo je o4ronopuru nacleAehe yrlrre: (l) Illra je Eepfajen cMarpao ga Ungrundjecre? fiaxre, wma je Ungrund? (2) Olaxre je u xaro je royqerbe Aorrno ao Eepfajena? [axne, omrcydaje Ungrund?(3) Kaxny Qynruuoualny yrrory uua Ungrund ynyrap Bep-fajenrrene MlrcJrr.r y uetuun? ,{arue, ue.uy clyxu Un-grund? Hajsa4, y nocJreArbeM KopaKy'rpe6a upyNurlr oAro-Bop Ha ynur (4) o roMe rojra je Hajnpanr.urnujvr npucmynyBpeAHoBarsy Eeplajennenof yqerra o Ungrundu? IlolrarvrooHAa peAoM ncrpaxyjyhn o6rnre ror 3afoHerHor yqerba.

Eeplajen uuje ycneo Aa npuxBarr4 rpaAruuoHanuo 6z-6lujcxo-+nerooraqKo yqerbe o ropeKny clo6oAe. Vuecrorora, oH je pa:nno concrBeHo yqerbe o cro6oAu. lllrasu-rxe, To ) {e}be je uttaueumuo noBe3aHo ca yrerrev o Un-

grundu. 3aro, Aa 6u ce crerao yBvr[ y pa3Jrr{rr}rrocr Bepla-jenrenor frerla o cno6oAr4, rrorpe6Ho je pa-ryueru :aura-cao o Ungrundu. Behnua ucrpaxr.rBaqa, pequN{o MerjyCnnma (Matthew Spinka), crraxe ce 4a je ro yqerie BeoMa,,c,,roaceHo"." Hlrje lra.na 6poj nu oH[x ryMaqa rojra, nonyrjesyurcror Ha) rHr.rxa lDpe4epr.rxa C. IJ. Konlcroua (Frede-rik S. J. Copleston), HirJra3e 4a je ro frerle 14 ,,Henpo3up-Ho"'" (,,...Te oncKypHe crBapv [obscure matters]..."). [py-rv aHarLrrLrqapu, roryr flejuca K. C. Bepuarr,la (James C.S. Wernham), ne rpr.rjy Kar(o yqeme. o Ungrundu npeAcra-BJba npmuq*o ,,meutxy" Aorrpuny'' (,,... npulruuo npo-pacny [turgid] ueraQnsrvKy KoHcrpyKuujy...") rojoj Bep-fajen npuaaje orpoMaH suavaj. Llnax,wuje M) rHo Bepfaje-BJbeBo qecro peQepupane na Ungrund, roroBo cnyaa (adnauseafil, KaKo BeJrlr CuraHra), uuje uyvua Hr4 KoMrrJreK-cHocr re AoKTpr4He, uero je M) rna uoryhuocr Aa ocraHeHepacBerJbeHa reHe3a, crpyKrypa v cMncao ror yrerra. 3a-ro je nyxuo ncrahH nHs o4peaa6a y Be3r{ c rrlM.

flpno: Ungrund ru{e nojalr Hnru rcareropuja t,t3 AoMeHaIlHreJleKryanHor alapara pa3yMa (ratio, intellectus, Ver-stand). Ungrund je ,,uur", ,,ctrM6or" vlt4 ilaR TpaHcrIeH-AeHrHa ,,cJrnKa-ucKycrno" xoja ce o6nlrxyje ynyrap o6na-crlr Mr.rcrr.rrrKe raurynquje (intuitio).

[pyro: rorr]ro ce jesux pauroHanr4crrvre Sunoco$ujeu reonorlrje cnyxu nojuoeranaa, y ocnoHy Ha AeAyKTr,rBHe r.{AlrcKyp3r,rBHe uohn paryrraa, clre4vr Aa ce 3a Ungrund He Mo-xe Be3aTr.r HlrKaKBa paq[oHaJrr4cTr4qKa apryMeHTaur4J a r4nurraK troxa3 (demonstratiol.

" Spinka, Mattlrew, Nicolas Berdyaev: Captive of Freedom, TheWestminster Press, Philadelphia, 1950, 118 (abbr.: COF).'' Koplston, Frederik, Filozofija u Rusiji, prevod: Bogdan Lubardi6,Velika filozofska biblioteka, BIGZ, Beograd, 1992, 411 (abbr : FUR)13 Wenrham, .Iames C S , Iwo Russian Thinkers: Berdyaev and She-s/ov, University ofToronto Press, Toronto, 1968,33 (abbr: RTBS).

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Tpehe: norrrro jesnx nojrrlona BalKrr y cBery o6jerara u3a oruc o6jerara, cneAr4 Aa Ungrund nraje ,,o6jexar", HVTLIuoxe 6uru y oAHocy aua-rroruje ca 6r.rlo KaKBoM eunnpaj-cKoM rrpeAMeruoruhy.

9eropro: ycJreA Tora AoJra3v Ao 3axreBa 3a npoMeHoMTr,rla rHoceoJroruKof MeroAa n cxoAHe rpcre jesuxa. llpe-JIa3 ce o4nnja r{3 Ar4cKyp3r,rnnor jeruxa pau[oHu]nucrlrqKeruoceolorlrj e (xaraQarn rra KoHueflry€rJru:aurzj a) y curr.r6o-JrrrrlKo-rloercxu jerux I4HTyr4Tr.rBI{crlrqKe ruroceonoruje(anoQarr.rxa cuu6ollrsaqnja). To je jeaaH oA pa3,cora 360rxojux EeplajeB rBpAn aa Ungrund rpeAcraBJba r.r3BecHoBoxascxo Huwma. Taxna oApe.u6a cluqua je, a.nr,r calrocJrr,rrrua, EpnyreHnnoj cneo6yxnarajyhoj,,Natura",tn EK-xaproBoM,,Gottheit" ' ' uau fl leluHrosol{,, ldentitat" unn,joru 6orse. H,eroBoM ,.Indifferenz".'o Au. crBapu ce uopajyo4uax o6jacHHru. C jeane crpane, Ungrund nuje uexo an-coJryruo ,,Hr,rulra" cJrr,rqHo, perlr4Mo, Caprponorr,l ndant. CApyre crpaHe, Ungrund,,[perxo4u" cnery o6jexara. To ceHe cMe pa3yMerr,t caMo y BpeMeHcKoM neh n y oHTonorxKG-Jror'[qKoM cMr4cny. Ono ,,nperxofeme" clnuno je nauunyua xoju y3poK ilperxoAu rocneAuqn. [o4yure, Bepfajenr4crr4rre 4a Ungrund Huje uu Boxascru ,,)3poK" (causa pri-ma). Jep, yrporje y3poK yBeK HacrrpaM HeKor y3poKoBaHor6lrha (tb 6v) rzlr.r rpeAMera (rb np&ypa). Cnarn o4noc

y3porrHocru roApa3yMeBa uHcraHrle, [a oryAa r.r oapelenalz orpaHruerba, r{aK 14 KaAa cy ro ruunraullje caMo ,,[peMayuy" (rata vo0v).

llero: Vnrpyng je rs ocHoBa 6eg-ocHosaH, rIpeMAacBaKa Apyfa ocHoBa, 6asa urn reMeJb florlrtle ug Ees-+eue-Jba, oAHocHo Un-grunda. 3aro Ungrund rpancqen4upacBaKy no3HTVBHy peq, nojana, npe4r,rKar, crro3Harle rrcrBapnocr. Ungrund je Henojrtrrsrma r{ He}I3peuuBa Ml{cre-puja. On je ancoJryrHo HeycnoBJberr[ u ueoApelenu Arra6uc(ii &Buoooq) rrrro noqr,rBa c oHy crpany cnare cy6jexrna-HOCTTT r{Jrr{ o6j errrannocru.

LUecro: Ungrund j e He-BI,IAJ6I,IB, He-cxBarJbI,IB, He-Ao-[krpJbr4B, He-AoKy{rrB. Crora, carJracHo rpagnqujn nera-runuo-ano$arur{Ke reoJrofuje, o rrerr,ry MoxeMo Ka3arr,r reKrrrra oH uuje. Yzvruvro, oHAa, Aa je oH Huutma (no-thing).TII14sra11s, on uuje Hu Huwme: oH je npe jeAno napagon-cnaHo Hu-(Hu)wma.

CeAuo: V upoqecy caMoaprr,rKyJraqraje Ungrund ce or-rpuna ce6n xao Boma (ein Wille). Ta Borsa ce rpehe xpor,,4uja4exrury" XeJbe xojou Huu:ra xynu aa rrocraHe He-uno". Ipna apruxylaunja Ungrunda, npno ,,ueuro" rojejoru yaer He rrpeAcraBJba Hu-urra npeAMerHo, raxofe Qra-rypr4pa Kao rrpBlr reMeJb crBapHocrr.r. ,{o.uyrue, raj Boxan-cxu Teuer, Hurura r4;rr,r naK Borsa se Mo)Ke 6r,rrrz Hcnap-qenrlcaH a gaxsaheH,,onrororr,rj orra" [o3r,rrr,rBHe pallrloHa-JrHcrr.rqKe naerar[urure. Jep, ro je o6nacr y Kojy ce yJrasr,rKpo3 Mr,rcrrrrrKo r{cKycrBo (rueipcr) !r roMe o4roeapajyhe ue-rarrrBHG-aloQaruvre cuu6onasaqraje. Hraje crofa qy.{Houno EepfajeB rrcrr4qe KaKo ce y ry o6lacr cryna je4rano

't flpeyra Mapruny Xajaerepy, Hajcyrurnncxuje ruerai[uruvxo nlrra-tre, xojnu ce Moxe u o r.lerat[uruquilvra"ru, uacn: ,,3aurro yonrrrreoHo rrrro 6una, a ue qax nr.llra?' Cf : Xajaerep, Maprun, Veod y ne-maQuzuxy, flpeBoa: Bnacruur.rp boronuh, Er.r4oc, Bp*avra Eana (n.t . ) ,9.

'o Erigena, Johannes Scotus, De divisione Naturae (Periphyseon), cf.:MigneP.L'72.

't Eckhart, Johannes, Opus Tripartitium (Cf.: ed. J. Quint etal., Mei-ster Eckhart: die deutschen und lateinischen Werke,1936 - ). IIpe-rne4 Ncroplrje pasroja ucKycraea rz cno3Harla Be3aHr,rx sa c,rnalinocrEoxancror Ungrund ruru Urgrunda, y xpulrhancrny, gaje: Schloter-man, Heinz, Vom gbttlichen Urgntnd: acht Gesprbche Aber das Chri-stentltm von Meister Eckhart bis Berdiaiew. Richard Meiner Verlas.Hamburg. 1950, 193-232 (279).'' Schelling, F. W. J., Filozofijska istraZivanja o bitstvu ioveije slobo-de i predmetina koji su s time u svezl, prijevod: Branko Despot, cf,:,.O bitstvu slobode", Znaci / Cekade , Zagreb, 1985, 64.

1At+ l5

Kpo3 oHo Irrro H€t3r,rBa ,,AyxoBHoM Mera(bl,r3ur(oM" vurr4 ,,Mla-crrrrrroM QruocoSuj orr,r".

Kao n cdu Ungrund, ra Boraje anconyrHo ueo4peleua14 HeycnoBJbena. Hzxaxeo 6uhe ne uoxe o4pefuBarrr oHourro je cacBI4M c ouy crparry 6vha y cMl,rcJry ne6uha. TaBora jecre ynpaBo ro - Euhe ngnaa 6uha. Bora npe4-craBJba uoce6Ho, rvrohuo ra 6raherropHo HaA-6uhe, oAno-cso: He-6uhe. 3axna;ryjyhu rorue, Bona je cro6oAna Aace rpojanu yrpaBo Kao qrcra Cno6oda (Freiheit). Eepfaje-BJbeBo yr{ebe o Ungtundu raKo HacraBJba rpaanulrjy uera-Sr.rrzuror BoJryHrapr.r3Ma. 3uavajno je snaru Aa ce'ra rpa-tuuwja cynporcraBJba rpa4raqnj u Meratbr.r3r{rrKor oHroJro-rr43Ma, r4e ,,6uhe" (a ne nora, ue6nhe uln clo6oAa) lo6lr-ja npneucrno xao naj6nrnraje oApebene crnapuocru. CaAaneh ne MoxeMo 3aHeMaplrrr,r qnrbeHr,rqy 4a yrerre o Un-grundu Beplajen npey3r.rMa oA HeMaqKor MrrcrlrKa JaxonaBEMEA (Jacob Boehme, 1575-1624), rojer Xeren Ha3vBa,,reBroHcKlrM reocoSou" (theosophus teuionicus). l 8 Vnlr4 yEerraeony AoKrpr.rHy o Ungrundu noraryje raro Eepfajen ogrbem npey3r,rMa ocHoBHo HaqeJro rcoje oapelyje ry AoKrpr,r-uy. I4nax, Bilba r,rcrpaxlrrlr KaKo y oaHocy ua Beuea, xojuocraje meroB magnum magister, Eepfajen 3HaqajHo u od-cmyna. Taj orrlon Brlrba y[o3Harr{ KaKo 6r,rcuo HacraBr,rJuaHanop ryMatrena EepfajeubeBe,,yHfpyn4oloraje".

Ipeua Eeuey, Ungrund nocrojn Ha ,,Hr,rBoy" roju je\y6nn u oA cdvor Eora. lllrasuue, ,,r,r3Ha4" Eora, na ys-na-:noj BeprraKzrnrr nperraa YHrpyHAy, rrocrojrz vax n ,,c$e-pa" oA Eora ,{ucrunrBlrpaHor Eocrcaucmea uru EoroHa.ran-crsa. 3aro Eeplajen r.rMa rpaBo rcagayeulla Aa ro 6eMeoB-cKo pa3nr4KoBarbe cexe 4o Majcrepa Erxapra (1260-1328). Pyaon$ Oro (RudolfOtto) Hac no4ceha'' xaxo Ex-

l* Hegel, Georg V. F., Istorijafilozofije,tom III, prevod: Nikola M.Popovi6, BIGZ, Beograd, 1975,229.

'n Otto, Rudolf, Mysticism East and ll/est,tr.'. Bertha L. Bracey andRichenda C. Payne, The Macmillan Co., New York (1932), 1970,23,

16

xapr (Opus Tripartitum' Prologue) AL(crlIHrBI{pa EoxaH-crBo r,rJn4 Soroua.rancrno (Gottheit; Deitas) o4 Eora (Gott;Deus). CnravHo roMe, Eerue parnuxyje Ungrund Kao npall-3BopHo Boxascno Huurra (Nichts) oA Eora (Gott). Y rorrlcMrlcny Huurra u/utu BoxascrBo HzrJra3e ce ,,c oHy crpa-Hy" qaK z Bora. llpevr4a, MaKap KoA Beruea, ouu ce joruyBeK Hanzt:e ,y" Eory (intra Deus). Eepfajen npr4xBara ry4ncruuxqujy (i. e. Ungrund: Nichts-Gottheit > Gott). OH jenpeHocr.r y cnojy pellrrr.rjcry $unocoQujy, rAe nocraje 3Ha-.lajno npeunaveua. Alu, norpe6uo je, savac, 3aApxaru ceroA Eeuea. EesaaHa Bora Ungrunda, roja EeNae Haszsa,,oKoM Ber{Ho crr", 6vBa noAcraKHyra riparl[oH€urHotrl Xe-rrou. Taro Borra, xao ,,3eHl,rqa" oxa BeqHocrrl, BvI,.v ce6eKao Hrrrura roje nocraje Hetumo. Taj npoqec r.rcxo.uyje pa-qBarbe y rprr cr.rMynraue lnjarexruxe nocrajama: (l) anja-neKrrrKy ,,reoronnje", (2) aujanexruKy ,,HAeoroHuje" n (3)4uj anerrr,rxy,,rcocrrrorounj e".

,{Hj are xrura m e o e o n uj e raro! e uua rp uj agutHy crpy-Krypy.lLeno rperame racxoayje npojany Oua rao HeoApe-leue Bore, saruu npojany Cwwa Kao BeqHof YMa, r,r, Ha[o-cnerKy, npojaey Ayxa y cMr,rcny c[eKyJrarr,rBHor caMoocBe-mherra Oqa vis-d-vis Crzsa, n o6patro. Haro ce CneraTpojuqa ,,pal)ajy", ro polene nuje npocropHo-BpeMeHcKouuru je cavo ucropnjcxo. Ono je uojrvrrrlrno reK Ha Hr.rBoyMI,ICTI'IqKOI I{HTYI,IPAIbA Y HAABPCMEHCKI'I AYXOBH}I CBET.

,{raj arexrrara ud e o z o u uj e roApa3yMeBa npoj ary ra4ej a roj enpo[crrrrry us raje4nn rxof r,r3Bopr,rrxra cBera urro jecre: usUngrunda, ilnr4 y3eror y Br4Ey JeAnor ('Ev, Unum). C'roraoHe nuajy craryc cJrr4qaH llraronosoN4 Hru flrorptrosorr4cnery ne6ecxrx apxerrnoea (r6opoq vo"4t6g). V uajsag,

3 1. Hrje 3aHeMapJ'br{Ba qr}r,eHuua aa je Beplajea npoyqaBao ynpaBory uyrujy Pyaolt[a Oroa, o qeMy ocraBrba rpara y xstuzu Ezzu-cnteu4uja,tua duja,texnruxa 6ottcaucxoz u mydcxoe, npeno4: Mupo-cras I,IsaHosuh, Jloroc-Opro4oc, Eeorpas, 1995, 31, 44 (abbr.:EAEJb).

l7

EvJaurerTraKa KocMozoHuj e [oApa3yMeBa trpoUec ocrroJberlaAo raAa caMo LrMrrJltrlr,rrHrrx ca4pxaja Ungrunda r{Jur rraKEoxaucror Hr.rlura. flo4crarnyra Xernov, Borla us anco-JryrHo HeoApelenor Hurura (norenquje), 6es npucrue ulz.uereprraunaqr,rj e, u3Bo1w unv ,,crBapa" Helrro (axryanr.lra-qde). EeN{e raj npoqec HiL3r,rBa urwaeuHupabea.'o Taxo, oucBaKrr r{r.rH oc[oJber6a, ercrrn[uuparla unu o6j errurBnpale,aHa3IrBa uruarraHaqrajorra. Ilpella Xayaply Bpr.rnrony (Ho-ward Brinton), ro4 Eeuea ,,cBe crBapr{ cy unv BoJbe r4Jrlrzvarnuaurzja xoja nar< [pe.[craBrba o6jerrr.rnaurajy no-Jba."t'

Taruo ue4uurre, roje je Beue nonyAuo, uualo je 4ner43BaHpeAHo Ba)KHe nocJreAnqe. flpBo, norupleu je npr,rMarsoJ'be Ha\ o6jexr(ran)nnrra 6nherr,r. Apyro, EoxaHcreo r,urr.rEorosaqarcrno oApefeuo je rao 6eroAuocuu Ancotym(Absolutum). Tnrrle je Eoxancrno Fora crasJbeno r.t3BaHAoMera JbyAcKrrx cuoruajur.lx uohr.r, Aox je Bor oApebenKao caMocBecso Bvhe xoje ca crBopeHnM cBeroM yna3v yuajrryucuuju uoryhu, qaK Jrr{qHocHu, Ja-Tu oAHoc.

3Hauaj rr.rx nocneAr{ua jecre cleAehn: npnorra je sa-ruruhen fiptrMar cno6ode y oAHocy Ha cBaKrl o6lux oHro-JrorrrKor AerepMr.rHrr3Ma; ApyroM j e saurnheu a uucm epuj aBoxancror, Hapoqr,rro rrporr{B cBaxor o6luxa paur{oH€urlr-saquj e, coqr.rouopSr.tauuj e uJrr.r naK fiHcrr4ryqr,roH urtsa-quje - BoNascrroje clo6oano aa ocraHe Tajna uad mai-naua (Mysterium Magnum).22 Eepf ajen je 3.lyrrrHo np^ri-

ruo o6e rocJreAr{rle. Mefy'rnu, y oAgocy Ha FeMea, oH jeHarpaBrro vr:elrry npecyAlry flper.rHaKy. O rorrt npeuuauetuycaAa Mopa 6uru ronopa.

To je Haj6oJbe yquHrlTlr aHaJrKTlrqK[M r,r3JlaralbeMacne*ata rnaeHe dffirentia specifica23 ruro pasanaja Bep-tlajeea oA Bevea. Ta cneqnQrvHa pa3nrlKa yjeaHo orBapa HEeplajenneny ,,paHy", xojy xpurravapr4, cxoAHo craBy, Jre-

'{e veAr.rrau[j aua ilrvt naK aMrryrarlnjaua. Karna je npupo-ga re 4uQepenquje roja je noAcraKJra feoprraja lI. Oeao-roBa Aa je uarone ,,uajocemmueujou* raurorr,r y Beplaje-nrenoj Sr.uroco$uj r.r" (EEM)?

florreaajrrro ro ur BeplajeBJbeBe rrepcneKrrrBe. flpno:Eeplajee BeNaeos Ungrund ryMar{[ rao 6esycnonHy rpau-3BopHy Cno6o4y. OH ry crnapnocr HiI3rrBa ,,HecrBopeHoM"cro6oAov" IIJIH ,,MeoH[rlrou" cro6oAov, ropucrehr reclrHTarMe cr,rHoHHMHo. Hsrrlely Ungrunda lr HecrBopeHecno6oAe Eeplajen Br{Ar,r o.qHoc uHKny3usHe grcjyHrquje.

,{oaynre, HeperKo, oH TBpAr{ raro nruefy r+.wx HeMa HuKa-K6e pa3rvne. [pyro: Aor Feue cMarpa ga ce Ungrund sa-na3il y Borosaqa-ncray uru Eoxancrry (Gottheit), a o6oje3arrM y Bory, sa Bepfajeea Ungrund ce Hana3r,r qaK u3aaH(f BoroHava.ncrBa, oAHocHo BoxaHcrBa. Tpehe: upeua Ee-uey, clo6o4a ce H€rJrur3z y Eory (Cneroj Tpojr,rqn) u Bor jeraj roju crBapa cro6o4y. Mefyruu, npeua EeplajeBy, cJro-6oaa uuje crBopeHa. Illrannue, florrrro clo6oAa lr3Bl,rpe r,r3Ungrunda, rorrrro oHa lr jecre Ungrund, oHa ce HaJrrBr4 cJro-6oAna oA Bora - Ceere Tpojuqe, npeMAa ae r 6es oAHocaca lLrllr. To cy rpu KapAr,rHurJrHa ar,rQepenqr.rpajyha acner-Ta. Te cnoxeHe c[eKynarr,rBHe oAHoce MoxeMo npojexro-BarH y ra6ylapuu o6lr.rr:

t' V o4ttocy ua ry najnaxnlrjy pa3nlrKye ocraJre cy Man e saxHe. [Ic-qpraH rpeuea cJrr{qHocrr.r u pa3nr.rKa usrr.rely Eerr,rea r.r Eeplajera aa-je: Mclachlan, James M., DTG,120-142.2a Kajevich, Stojiljko N., Nikotay Berdyaev's Theory of [JncreatedFreedom and its Metaphysical Origins, (Thesis), De Paul University,Chicago,241.

'O reyp.tnrrrau uohuua urraarnHaqlrje y KyJrrypr{ eBponcxor 3anaAa:Zola, Eldmir,

^Upo tre b a i ma gi n a c y e i zi I aia k' Zapadb, Anima, Opus,Beograd, 1988.2t Brinton, Howard, The Mystic Witl,TheMacmillan Co., New york.1930, 104.

'2 Ta*o uacu uacror je4uon og Hajnaxcl.ljrax EeMeoer4x AeJra, Hann-canor 1623. roAuue iao ersererfi-qxr,r ro-r*aenrap lulnuicxe'Kpluze[Iocmama (Erkkirung ilber das Erste Buch Mosii).

l8 t9

Tabula (A) Boehme:Gott +

Ungrund: Gottheit: Freiheit

Tabula (B) Berdyaev:Ungrund: Nichts: Freiheit * Gottheit

Ha npno rrurarbe Eeplajer oAroBapa y nehuru.r 4enar4e reuarueyje Ungrund, a roMlrH,e ra y cBaKoM suavajnu-jerr,r ge,ry. JeAan oA Hegao6urasHax MoMeHara AoKTprrHe oUngrundu npeAcraBJba rrcJrararbe n ruoceolornje xoja cno-3Halby orBapa ryr Ka rberoBrrM Ly6vHaMa I4sue4a ga Bep-lajen crraarpa raro Ungrund nr,rje olojursnn, upeu4a jecrecrBapaH. Ungrund ce He Moxe cylcyMr{parn no4 nojvouuexareroplrje oHaxo KaKo Qopnra.rna rrnlr npeAMerna jecra-crBa MoxeMo noaBecrr4 lroA Bpcry u poa. ,{arne, Ungrundce He Moxe 3axBarr4Tu nojuonuuu 4eSunncaneu. Jep, ua-raxeme cyrrrrrrHcKe nojuonHe o3Haxe npelMera utu 6tthanoApiryMeBa He caMo o4peleme Beh r.r r43BecHo Qrarcupa-rbe n Jrr.rMr.rrauujy. y3 ro, Ungrund nuje un oHrrzvro ,,6u-he" Aocrynno 3axBary ,,peruoHturnr4x" onrolornja. Un-grund jour Marie Moxe 6r.rrr.r npe4uer lto3llr]rBne HayKe.Ungrund nzje nu nojau ur.r 6uhe, crnapHocr 6ecretrersorrIOqeIa Ha TO Ce He .IIa CBeCTr4.

Vnpxoc roMe, Hecrro3HarJbrrBr,r Ungrund jecre creap-Hocr I{ oHa ce Moxe clo3Harn. Awr, ro je cnornane Apyra-uujer peAa, npernocraBJba MucrrrrrKy rHoceolornjy, n Heracrrryuyje Mor?rJrurere Mucrr4qKe lapa.uoxcuje. Peu je oHerrocpeAHoM cno3Har-by 3acHoBaHoM Ha IyxoBHoM ucKy-cm ey4 o z afi ajy (ncx0crf verv) roj ra nocpe4yj e M rcrrrrrKo rzH-Ty r,Iparb e xpor c v rr,16ol urr Ko-Ml.tToIotrJKe npeAcTa ne ullt j e-suK. Ka.4a je cnosHaja Ungrunda flocpeArr, ro 3Haqr.r Aa yrperryrKy ayxoBuor,,fipocBerJberba" npaocHony crBapHo-cTn rrHTyvpaMo 14 Aox[BJbaBaMo Kao He-ycnoBJbeHy, He-oHTutlxy rI cyrurr,rHcKn - clo6oany. MlrcrnvKr,r Aoxrl-nraj, npluttov ceoje r4cKycrBeHe caMooquueaHocrlr, cBe-Aor{u.4a cBeyKynnocr uocrojarua ra3Blrpe tas cro6oAe. Cro-raje cnexornxo rocrojarre npe,[3narreHo 4a 6yae clo6oA-so. Taxno c[o3Har6e [oApa3yMeBa qrrH JrtrrrHof oufierca(gecopio; visio), a He npoqec nocpeaoBaH {oplraluo-lo-fI4tIKIrM aeayxuujaua pa3yMcKlrx 3aKJbyr{aKa. I/]rwHe ra-KBor cno3Hana jecy ucrr,rHe AyxoBHor r,rcKycrBa, xr4Bevrcrvne: ne rraerarpusr.rqKe Kareropr.rje Huru oHToJlo[rKe

Gott

Ilocrojn r4 qerBprr4 MoMeHar, rojn nara roMerryrr,rrpos creAehe nrrrarbe: Ko je CrnoplrreJb tr KaKo ce o4u.rjacrBaparbe axo je cto6oAa HecrBopeHa !r cBeMy, na u Eory,nperxoAeha? ,{axne, qerBpro: upeua 5euey, n teorontrj-cxlr n KocMorouujcxra npoqec ucxoA cy npau:nopne ,,Bo-re". Mefyrrna, Eepfajen Ha oBoM rraecry aaje lpyravr,rjuoAroBop, caMo Ha rj3rneA cauracaH rpaawryju (nupd6oorE)I{prne. -flperr,ra EeroBoM Mr.rruJber6y, r43 rrpau3Bopnor Hz-urra: Bore = Cno6o.qe y BeqHocru ce, Kpo3 reorouujcnurpouec, ocrnapyje Eor - Csera Tpojraua. 3aruu Bor crBapacner. Bpe4u yHanpeA sara3vfiu aa Bepfajen rpaAr4rll,roHan-Ho ,,ex nihilo" (b( our 6wov) noucronehyje ca noMerry-Tr,rM flpar,r3Bopnzu Hurura.

tlar u Bepfajeny roureunjirJrHr{ ryMaqr{ nala:e 4a jeueuoryhe us6ehfi Hrls HeAoyrlluqa y oAHocy na neh r8HerecraBoBe. Mu heruo ce ycpeAcpeArrvt Ha HeKoJrr{Ko rrax du-bia. 3arr,ru hevo yrryrurr r.r Harile ynrre BeplajeBy, KaKo6ucuo Br,rAeJrr{ rrrra oH, Ha HuBoy corrcrBeHor cilMopa3yMe-Barla, c rr.rM y Be3u uMa ila y3Bparr.r. Eno nannx ynrara: (l)Karo yonrure cnosuajerrro Aa uocroj:n Hecno3HemJbuau,,Ungrund"? (2) Karea je npupo4a pa3Jl4KoBarba nsrraelyHecrBopeHe clo6oAe u VnrpyH4a r.r, 3arr,rM, usuely ue-crBopeHe cno6oAe r.r Eora? 3ap rurrae uuje uornpleH oHro-JIoIuKr,r dyaausan, [pornBHo xpuruhaucxorr,r yrerry? 3ap roHe BoAr,r xa cy6opduuaquju Bora uecrnopenoj cro6oAr4,urro je rarofe cyrporHo y.{erby I{prne?

20 2l

cyrrcrar{urrje.,,Helrapane peanHocrr{ A}D(oBHor cBeraoor4qHo Je [oBe3aHo c rt4M u]ro je rauraunajy uo o6pacqycyncrauqnjaluo-uera{urra.rror 6uha, xao

-o6jexrr,rnuo_

[peAMerHy pe.aJrHocr",r) repau Bepfajes. Je.(uHr,r HaqvH Ia

... Moxe u3pa3r4Tr4jegzno y repM[HrrMa AyxoBHor r4c_KycrBa r.r AyxoBHor xr,lBora, a He y Kareropr,rjaua oxo_rrrraJre oHToJroruje. Kao oxoruraJra ouroloruja, ononaKo nonpr.rMa oAnuKe jepemuuxoe* cKperarba ([VC,132)

paut4oHturr4cTrlrlKor CIrO3HarLa, He [oAp€ByMeBa oHTOJIO_

oHAa HecrBopeHa cno6oAa He Moxe 6vrru walpe\eua Eory.Lllrannure, nuje cuncneno KtBHBar[ raxo je 6ltlo xoja oa4eejy uucraruu (i. e. HecrBopeHa clo6oAa unu Eor) y 6ruoKaKBoM oAHocy uagpefr.rearba, oAHocHo cynpeuauraje. 3arory HeMa Hrr oAHoca noapefunana, oAHocHo cy6opAunaurz-je. llpeva roMe, HacraBra Eeplajen, onryx6e .rla AoKrpI{Hao Ungrundu yBoAr,r oHToJrolrrKr,r AyzInH3 aM ilvurv reoJloluKl,Icy6opauuauuoHl43aM npol4crl{qy I,t: Hepa3yMeBalba ql'I}be-Hrrrle Aa ce oH xpehe y cnr'a6onnuroM rloJby HoBor peAa yoAHocy Ha KJracrlrrHy reonorxKy n Sranoco$cry ueraQu-3r4Ky.

JeAnurl Ayanrr3aM rcoju saucra nocrojn jecre eruvxuulu cuu6ollrqxr,r Ayanlr3aM. Lllranuue, ma Bpcra \yanv-3Ma, yrro3opana Eepfajee, jecre nocle4vrrla ,Jra\a" qoBeKo-nor 6r,rha. Eyayhn Aa je .qyanltaM, 3arpaBo, nocJIeAI,Iqapa3aBaJarba y [peBeqHoM cBery, cyreprllue ce Halop npe-BJraAaBarba pacuela (hiatus) lrsrr,refy se6a u 3eMrbe, clo6o-Ae rr HyxHocrlr, Ayxa u o6jexrunaquje. fiya]-dwzau je, 4a-KJre, nocJreAr.r\a zpexa. OH nnje Heruro orrroJloruKrl Aaro(datum). To ne sHaql,t ga je nonurau vcrvrtrTa ilflrepHarlt-na. Jep, MoHlr3aM je uaruuje. AyiIJIrBMa. 14 N4oHusaItI w rya-Jru3aM 3aTaMrbyJy r,rcTr4Hy JeALrHcrBa-Kpo3-ABoJ cTBo, Ka-KBI,IM ta I43JIaXe, peqr.rMo, r4C'tVrHa XalrnAOHCrOr AOrMara(451) xojoj je Eepfajen cJreAoBao, AoAyrue, na ceoj neo6r.r-qAH HAqI'IH.

Kaxo 6nx r.r36erao Hepa3yMeBana yBeK caM ce r?yauoAa HafJracHM Aa 3aMucao o '6ecreuemoj cro6oAu' se[oBJraqu HeKy Bpcry oHroJrortrKor AyirnI,I3Ma rojn naxa$uprvraure uocrojarre 4nejy cQepa 6uha, sauue Eorar.r cno6oAy. Tarne at[npruaqrlje cy EoKa3 paquoHanu3a-quje*, ue MaH'e yoqJbr.rne oa aSrzpvaquja uonusua,roju cee cBoAr.r Ha jeany

^cQepy 6uha, 6ulo la je 6o-

xaHcKo I,UIH qoBeqaHcKo.--

26 Eepfajen, Hrarolaj A, Canocnosuaja: noxyanj aymo6uoepaQuje,rpeBoa: Mlran r{onuh, Anthropos, K3HC, Hosu Cal, 1987, 218(abbr.: CCII).

25 Eepjajea. Hrzxonaj A., flyx u cno6oda: npo6teuamurca u anottoeuiaxpuuna H cmaa, npeBoa: M HpocnaB I4nauoauh, pycxr.r 6ororpaxuie_,'rn. Eeorpa4. 1998.2l (abbr.: .{HC).

",.z)

Cyuupajuo Eeplajenrene oAroBope y oAHocy Ha 3ax-TeBe paHrlJe nocraBJbeHr.rx ilr,rrarba. Ungrund ce Moxe cno_3Harv, aifi AyxoBHr4M rlcKycrBoM. V uncruqxorra nralerrylor,rMaMo raro je Ungrund Her{cKul3r4Bn 6esAaH turo Ha,ud-Jraur,r cBaxo 6r,rhe. OH je yroar,rxo HencupnaH aru6uc ,,ue6u-ha": Mr,rcruqro Hnurra (Nichts) roje uuje oHroJroruKrl rrJlroHrnrrKr,r o4peleno. Ungrund urrra6onusyje Heu3pequBrraM6uc .rucre 6eso6nrFrHe ueodpefieuocmu, tocrojehe npecBaKor oHrrrqKor yo6lnverra. Ungrund ce yronilKo Moxepa3yMeBarz xao 6esAan neo4peleurx uoeyltuocmu xojejoru nracy aKryanrtoBane. 3aro ce Ungrund r,l Moxe [or4Ma-Tr,r Kao 6eayclorna cro6oda. Vz rux pinnofa HecrBopeHaclo6oAa Ungrunda nzje Hurareo ,,6uhe" (ens). Jep la je-cre, ra cno6oAa 6usra 6u orpaHlrqeHa u ([uxcupana 4aro-urhy arryanra3oBaHor, MaKap ra Ha3r4Btrrtt u npxyucr<una 6u-heru. Y rou clyrajy, oua 6n 6rla 4erepruvlucana r4 rroAne-rala 6u Kay3anHHM 3aKoHr4Ma. Herraefy HecrBopeHe cno6o-Ae r4 Bora ue uocroje y3poqHe nere (nexus causa), neh 4y-xoBHlr oAHocu (,,cnerylarr,IBHe" Be3e), KapaKTepvcrl,IrlHr43a crBapHocr lrsnau nojuona, o6jexara, flpocropa ta BpeMe-na. 3aro nr,rje cvncleHo rBpAr,rrr{ Aa cy ro ABa pa3nwrvra,,Ha{era" y oHTonorrIKoM cMI4cJIy pevr,r. Hr.{e cMlIcJIeHocMarparr4 HA

^a ce ouv (i. e. HecrBopeHa clo6oAa n Eor)

HaJrrBe y oAHocy cynporHocrrr. Y xpajnoj maulrju, o6ojenpolrcrr{qy ue Ungrunda y rojerr,r he ce cse oflpeKe Hano_cnerKy pacrBopr,rrr,r.

Hapanno, raj aoralaj [oApa3yMeBa ocrBaperbe cBeKo-cMr.rqKor ecxaroJroruKor npoqeca, roju npnnogr,r roM TaKoxeJbeHoM,,cauacjy pa3rrlKa" (coincidentia oppositorum).To He sHaqu KaKo cy cr.ru6olu, uonyr Ungrund, Nichts zlrauar Gottheit, wryznje: Hvrrv cy unysraje Br4xoBa AenrrMlrrr-Ha ocrBaperba y [poqecy ucropr,rje. Hanporun, rbr.rxoBe pe_Qepeurne [rHcraHue cy peanHe. [o4yure, orrra ,reriiy

.,, A

Ar.rcKyp3rrBHe vuru Sopualuo-nor[qKe QyHr<quje, seh

,,[pr,{MareJbcKe". To 3Har{It Aa oul yraryjy Ha crBapHocrl,Iuonpx ce6e raKo rnro rItM crBapHocrl,IMa peqeflTvlBno vtHaAJrOfrrrrKH npr.rnaaajy ue cralajyhu ce ca lbnMa. HuxonajO. Jlocru je ro Ha3Bao BeplajenrewlM ,,petuIHI,IM cnu6o-rI43MoM".''

Bepfajen je ao cavor xpaja ocrao BepaH rBprIbLI AarJreAr.rrrre no rojeu r,r3Bop cJlo6o4e jecre y Eory (clo6o4-nou Crnopnrery) ra rneArllure no rojeu [opeKJIo cro6oAejecre y ,,rrpaurroHulnnoM" rpaHaeeny, ro jecr Ungrundu,tlucy Hy>KHo HeloMl,{pJbrrBa TJIeAI,IIUTa, Te Cy, rIaK, rlpI4XBa-rJblrBa rr ca craHoBr{rura xpuurhaHcre oproAoxcuje (FUR,4l l). Ilpruor anoJlorercKoj uo4pruqu YHrpyuay AoHoce lIcle4ehe pevu:

Pa:rurosan e usrr,ref y Bora-Cruoparera u (uecrnope-ne - aym.) cro6oAe rcx je cercyudapuo*: y ucxoncrojrajnu, y Eoxancxorr,r Hnurra ro pa3nllroBar+'e ce yKu-da*, jep ce r43 Ungrunda pqrornpusa Bor, a I,ts lbemnaK pa3orKpr.rBa ce cro6oAa'o

" Iocn.r, Hnronaj O., I4cmopuja pycxe QunoeoQuje, npenoa: EpaHn-cnan u Mapuja Mapronuh, CoQua, L{Z[, lloaropnu4 1995, 313 (ab-br.: I,IP@).28 Eepfajea, Huroraj A' O uoeexoeoil nneahy, npeBoA: Mr.rpjauafp6uh, Pycru 6oror:paxureru, Zepter Book-World, Eeorpaa, 2000,3l (abbr.: O9II).

25

III

OyHxquoualHe npHMeHe yrrerbao Ungrundu: 3HaqeFba

tlax z xaA 6racNro lp[xBarunrr aa ce BepfajeBJbeBa ro3r4-uuja uoNe 6pauuru, z ra4 6racuo, 3arr{M, npuxBarilnv Ia

rrpe Hero ruro norJreAaMo 6apaxe ynyheue Ungrundu, uy-xno je r43Jroxr,rrlr Oyux4lona.lqe yJroee ruro r{x ra AoKTppr-H_a Bprxu yrryrap Beplajerrsene xpnruhaHcxe $unocoQraje.Ha ocuoay H3JloxeHof 3f^aMo, MaKap Blrue uero parl.tje,rura je Ungrund z o4arle'n je Ungrund. Anu, jour yBeK reKHa3r,rpeMo qeMy 3a\paBo Ungrund? Cuarpavro 4a nocrojeqerr4pr KrbyqHa oKBr.rpa yrryrap rojnx Eepfajen npojexryjecnoje yuerue o Ungrundu. To cy: (i) KpxrrlKa o6jerrl.rnauu-je u rnrarre o 6uhy: ourorornja, (ii) xpurraxa reo4r,rxeje r,rnurane o 3/0/.' KaKonoruja, (iii) xpncrolorlrja u rr4rabe oqoseKy: arnpololornja, u (iv) crBapanarxrBo r{ nr4rarre o6pnuHu; eTvKa.

(i) Ungrund u o6jercmueat4uja - oumonoeuja. ytette oUngrundu rroMaxe Bepfajeey y AeKoHcrpyxqujr.r rnacuvneH Mo.rlepHe onrolorr.rje. OH cuarpa Aa je Kpr.rrvKa oHToJro-rugua ueng6ex(Ha yxontrKo ce npr{xBarr,r yqerbe o rpvMary

z.e Zvednek, V: David, The Influence of Jacob Boehme on Russian Re-ligious Thought (Cf.: Mclachlan, Jam-es, DTG, 132 n. 55 et seq).

26

HecrBopeHe cno6oAe HaA 6LIheM, 6es oosupa Ha ro KaKor,r3a6epeMo Aa AeousurueMo 6[he. ,{a 6ncrr.ro pa:yuelu 6nrre Kpr.rrr{Ke, norpe6Ho je :Haru Br,IuJe crBap[. Ilpeo (a):Eepfajen pa:nuryje rpI,I Bpcre ,,6uha". [pyro (6): Eepfajearpa4aunjy npcra 6uha LI3BoAI4 raxra*yjyhu roMeHyroMpa3nr.{KoBarby AyxoBuor (noumena) u SeHoruencror (phae-nomena) cnera. Tpehe (n): Eeplajen rpey3l,IMa HeKoJITIKoBTDKHT{x nocraBKI,I Kanrose ueraQz:uxe. V ry ranroncrynoAnory oH, 3arr4M, yrpabyje ABa cylurl{Hcru 6urna aoAar-ra rojr, 3arpaBo, orraoryhyjy Synrunouucalbe IberoBor pa-ArrK€rJrHor aHmuoHmoro?u3Ma. lloueAajuo re MoMeHTe yrrpeAno)KeHoM peAocneAy.

(a) 3a BeplajeBa rlojaM ,,6vrha" najveurhe roApa3yMeBaABa 3Hatrerba. flpno 3Haqerbe yraryje ua ,,6nhe rcqo 6r4he"(ens qua ens). To je 6uhe Ha HajBrIueM creneHy arcrpaK-qr,rje. To je ,,el4cro" 6nhe mlureso cBlrx oHTI{tIKux arpu6y-qraja (ens purus). Apucrorenon ,,Henoxpetnu norpetav",,,qr4cra caMoAenarHa MI,Icao" (actus purus) Totr4e ArsuH-cKor r{Jrr,r Cnusoglrn ,,Vspox c6trlora ce6e" (causa sui) npH-Mepr,r cy raKBor aflcrparTHor - ,,Euha". llpeua Beplajeny,TaKBa Bpcra 6nha unje HI,{Iura Apyfo Hero ,,pe3yJlTar MI,{ca-oHor fipoueca".'" Tr4Me on yrcaryje Ha tberoB apyrocreneHllr [ocpeAoBaHr{ craryc. ,{pyro snauene nojua ,,6uhe" yKa-3yJe Ha KOHKpeTaH CBer npprpoAe I{JIII Ha ToTIIJII{TeT CBeTao6jerara. Brahe je ry llcro llrro I{ ,,6uhe-xaG-trnap". ,{a-KJre, yrpaBo oflo Irlro 6u Maprun Xajaerep (Martin Hei-degger) o3Haquo repMr.rHoM,,rpeA-py{Ho 6uncrnyjyhe"(ein vorliegendes Seindes). To je 6uhe y oHrLrqI(oM cMzcnyre pequ. Ma rorura LI Ma KaKBa Aa je pa3nLIKa usuely raABa 3Hatrelba nojua ,,6uhe" (6uro y BeJIIqI,IHI,MIu KaKBo-hn), Eeplajen 3a o6a 3Haqeba u o6e npcre 6uha cuurpa gacy nnoA He caMo ancrpaxoBalba seh I,I p*yJlrar rlpoueca

30 Berdyaev, {icolai A., Toward a New Epoch, tr. O. F. Clarke, Geof-liey Bles, London, 1949,97 (abbr.: TNE).

27

- ,,o6jerrunaqr.rje". Pasyrrae ce, ou o6jerrunauujy yzuvaKao cr4MnroM oMerra ra nopevehaja cBecr[ ycJreA rpexa.I4nocracnparre aflcrpaKrHux ca4pxaja cBecrr4, y [pBoM9ny'raJy, r{ nocMaTparbe cBeTa Kpo3 OC[OJbarr[LeHe penarlr4_je rr,rna,ja--ouo" LrJrr,r ,,oHo-oHo,', y Apyrou clyrajy, nno4cy o1jercmueaquje gyxa.3aro BeplajeB rBpArr 4a je onro-Jlofr,rJa, Kao HayKa o raKBoM 6uhy, .... noru6erna Qunoco_euJa o HlrqeMy, ocrrM o r43BecHr,rM rrlarurapujarua JryAcKofMo3ra" (CCII, 141, 143).

O6jexrznarruja je neocnerrrhenn reueparop,,oHrorro-rv3Ma".IIpu roue ce noA oHroJrorrr3MoM rroAp.ByMeBa Me-raQusuvro craHoBr,rrure roje cuerolnKy crBapHocr rrocro-jeher pe4ynyje na 6esrnrHe orrrurocrr.r vnv ancrpaKrirde u3arI,IM, no npaBI4JIy, IrI,IX Ha3IlBa ,,o6jertunHuM". ,,Ancrpa_xoBarle rd r,rflocracuparre je crBapano HarypanaarrrqKy Me-ra$uruxy, cneje4uo ra ru crrr4pr'tryanr4crr,rr{Ky wvt Mure-pnjarucruvxy. 6ahe je o6jerrznna, [peAMerHa cyrcraHqlr-

flplzAoAare reK Kao arpudyrnnuu paquoHzlnHv oAHocr4

Bepfajen ycleBa Aa oA6aulr raKBe roKoBe reoJrorrrKe r.rSunocot[cxe uera$usuxe, [peMAa oH To qrrHr4 ryreM cBorneo6raqHor,,yHrpyHAoJroulKor" pe3oHoBalba. Hamre, BorTpaHcrreHArapa cBaKo Harypan[cr[rrxo u ecenquj aJt vcrrlt]-

28

r<o oapeferre, [oIIIro je OH rIpBeHcrBeHo rrlncrepujcxuJrr,rrrHocHr4 X{ueom rrrro LI3BI{pe tt Ungrunda, a Ungrund,no ae$uuuuuju, rsvrnve cnarcoj o6jexrunagwjn. Zs rorpa3nora cne!.I1l La ce cno6oAH}-HeyxBaTJbuBI'l xl4BoT Jllrq-HocHor Eora ulra y3erl,I 3a npaBy ,,cylr1Tr4Hy" r4rr4,,nPtrPo-Ay" Bora. Tnu npe ce ILeroBa lpupoAa,,He Moxe v3pa3v-rn noruohy rareropnja nprpoAnof MI,IIuJbeIba: Eor HzjecJr[rraH peaJrHocrr{Ma rrpupoAHo-npeAMerHor csera. OH cer{aK He Moxe 3aM1rcJlllru Hw Kao 'Harnpl{poAtto" 3aro turo' uarnpupoAuo' j our yaex .iir.ruz na' npzpo4u o"' ([AC, 27).

OqumeAno je 4a cuo rlrMe norJleAanv u y rpehe sua-qer6e rrrro ra Eeplajen 4aje nojvy ,,6vha". To gHa'{erre

yxa.:yje Ha ony xr{By HerlarBopeny crBapnocr.{yxa roja, yMeraoHToJroruKoM cMLICJIy, nperxoAl4 cnaroj npcru,,6vha"u cnaxoj Bpcrr,I palruonalnsaquje ltlll o6jerrnnaquje. VHy-Tparrrrbrr xI,IBor JII{qHocHor Tpr{e4Hor Eora, rajna lbero-sor EoxaHcrna rcoje, nperr,Ia SepfajeBy, LI3BI'Ipe ns Ungrun-da, norprareHl.I cy ynpaBo rI4M [ocneAbI,IM, AyxoBHLIM,3HaqeILeM TepMI,tHa,,6vhe" .

(6) JacHo je Aa rocrynr4pane Ungrunda noA BI'IAoM He-crBopeHe cro6oAe onloryhaoa Bepfajeny Aa I43BpIuI'I Ae-roHcrpyrqr.rjy oHTonorll3rtra. Mefyrr,rrrl, yqelbe o flpllMaryHecrBopeHe cro6oAe ocHon je u sa EeplajeBJbeBo yqerbe opmnr4KoBarby HoyMeHcKor u Qenonaencror cBera. Cner Ho-yMeHcKor jecre cner ayxa roju Eepfajee, y qIIpKynapHoMcMr4cny, nesyje sa nojau clo6oge. I4 4yx n clo6oAa neno-cpeaHo cy Be3aHn 3a crBapHocr He[arBopeHor xusora Eo-FoHaqaJrcrBa, ro jecr Eoxancrna (Divinitas; Gottheit), xoje,uo aeol{nraqujl4, rpaHcIIeHAI4pa cBaKy o6jerruocr I4 Aerep-Mr4Hr,r3aM. Onor rpenyrKa KaAa rlopeKHeMo HenarBopenycrBapHocr Ungrunda, HecrBopeHe cro6oAe uln nax Eo-xaHcrBa, Mr{ oAceIIaMo AyxoBHe u clo6oAse KopeHecrBapHocrr.r Kao raxBe. 3aruu ce crBapHocr, yrnyvyjyhnqoBeKa y rroj, crexe y oKorurir.fle o6nnre npe4pyvHor Se-HoMeHcKor cBera, oAHocno o6jexrunrapanor 6nha, xoje ce,

29

HanocneTKy, y3uMa 3a oHo rrrro oHo Hlrje _ 3a r,r3Boprry pe_anHocr. Eepfajen 3amo cwarpa 4a ce ,,cno6oAa He MoxerrBecrrl ws 6uha,jep 6u y rorrl clyrajy 6wra AerepMnHr.rca-ua" (TNE, 99). A aerepMlrHlrcaHa cno6o4a je rrrdcr [pr4Mepcontradictio in adj ecto.

rJbrrBocrlr raKo3BaHe ,,crBapn no ce6u,' (Ding an sich) nnpr,rMary rrpaKTflrrKor yrraa (ruopanuor 3aKoHa 14 qr4Ha cno_6o4e). 3axea*yjyhn npnorr.l Kanronou AorrpuHocy, Eepla-jen ycnena 4a pa:nnje pirnr{KoBaH,e

"rrraeqy cynporcra-

BJbeHr4x cBeroBa IWa u nprapoAe ([VlC, lj). .{o4yure, ra,,cynporcraBJbeHocr" urzje oHrolotuKr,r,(yantrcruvxa, nehculr6oluqxa r,rJru traK AyxoBHa, xaxo seh peKocMo. Elaro_

{up:hy ApyroM Aorlpl4Hocy $lrnocoQa r.rr Kenr.rrc6epra,Eepfajen je naaap Aa Aor(axe uecnoco6nocr xareropujan-

KaHrose nocraBKe Eeplajen npuxBara, zutu TeK paAucr,rHreruqKe peKoHcrpyKrruje ra KaHrone rr,tera$usuxe. OnrreAy3r{Ma ABe xHTepBeuuraje nperco ABa HoBa rrocrynara.flpu rolr cy o6a flocrynara noBe3aHa ca yrrerbeM o HecrBo-peuoj clo6oau, rra crora r4 ca.uoKrpr4Hou o Ungrundu. llp-

30

Bo, oH cMarpa xaro je cBaKa JbyAcKa JIFIHocr, y KpaJrboJrrHcTaHur4 I,I CaCBI,IM HerIOCpe,IIHO, yKopelbeHa yfipaBo ycBer Ho)'r\4eHa, \>,xa ra clo6oAe. [pyrnu peqllMa, oH cMa-Tpa KaKo ,,crBap IIo ce6u" Hllje ultrura Apyfo Ao er3I'IcrI'I-pajyhu rbyAcKu cy6jexr, aaruIe - aero (Selbst; Person:{ln6ocoorq,). ,,Ctnap no ce6n jecre Hecno3HarJbI'IBo 'x' ca-Mo nocMarpano ca crpaHe o6jerra, a ca crpaHe cy6jemaona je cro6oAa [...] Taxo ce orKpLIBa rI ApyfII rryr uerat[r'r-sure [...] flocrasJbane rpaHlrl.{a pa3yMy ynpaBo v pacrpvBanoAnory 3a Apyfo ca3Hatbe."'' CrK'IHo roMe, ,,rtocre KaH-ra je uoryhe BI,IAeTLI ruera$uarvxy peiulHocr cauo y Ja'.Crnap no ce6r nuje o6jerr, ona je cy6jexr, I,I 3aro HlljecrBap" (OEM, 34). ,{arne, cy6jexr je JIIrtIHocHa clo6oAa u

Ayx, IIa, Kao raKaB, uMaHeHrHo yrecrnyje y csepu clo6oAeu r'v:t'a.To yvecrnonarue jecre npaI.I3BopHH xtlBor JIlrtIHo-crra. Kao raKBa, oHa He Moxe 6wru Huru KoHcrI{ryI'IcaHa

PAIII4OHTUIHI4M AOKTBI'IMA, HHTI,I TIAK AOBEAEHA Y TII{TAIbEflporleAypaMa parll4oHtulHor no6ujama, ofler Aarl4x pzl3y-rvrorvr. ,{pyro, Beplajen noeurlrpa xaro je o6jerar ,,rex $e-HoMeH r,r nojana paan cy6jexra". IITrasllure, Kao eKcreprro-prtoBaHe AarocrlI, o6jerrra cy caMo nocneduqe rlaAa cy-6jexra r43 cBera \Wa il clo6oAe. Oryxa ucxoAe HoBI{ yBI'I-

ALr y Be3r.r ca $ynrqnjaMa AoKrpuHe o Ungrundu. flpnnyBr,rA ce Aorrrqe yrv\aja aHrpononoruje Ha oHroJloruiy vrrHoceonor[jy. Apyrn yBLI,4 ce Aorrrqe npereMeJbelba (re-fundatio) napaAr{rMe ceKyJlapHe $unocoQnje (philosophiasaecularis).

llpno: parAnojeHocr HoyMeHcKI,IX u Q.enouencruxcrBapHocrl4, roj a racxo4yje,,UeMeHTI,IpaIbe" cBera o6j era-ra, uuje pe3ynrar I{HTeneKTyaJIHof qI{Ha cno3Halba, npeM-4a ce peonerryje ra y lbeMy. ,{alero npe rora, y HaABpe-

3r Eephaiee, Hurorai A., Onum ecxamorouKe uemaQutuxe, npeBoA:orau'Arivn'rpnje Kanesuh, Eorocroscrr i[axynrer CIII], Eeorpaa,2000,23 (abbr.: OEM).

3r

MeHcKoM cMucny, ro pa3ABaJarse ce AerxaBa y coepu [pau_3BOpHOr [OCTOjar6a, r,t To ycneA zpexa urL KBaperba(g0opri; coruptio) AyxoBHe rpupoAe qoBeKa. BepiajencxBara rpex Kao cauoaQraprraaqzjy A4arr,ra roja, nocle4rav_Ho, oAceua qoBeKa oA ayreHTlrrrHor xuBora ca Eororu y Ay_xy u cno6o4u. To nosraqu u rylurax lroryhuocru ta ue_nocpeAHo A)rxoBHo canre4aBarbe (Oeopicr; cosepuauue)crBapHocrr4 KaKBa 3arpaBo jecre. Tnlre ce cno:uaja Aefpa_

rer Haruef avlerua (Oecopta) cBera v AeJroBarba (rupti(rE) ymeuy. Bpe4no je sanarnu{ KaKo Eeplajen peKoHcrpyr{neKaHrony uerarpzszry nouohy Eeuea, oanaiehu raKo rro_npx o6ojuqe. Harue, Ha Mecro KaHroee Hecrro3HarJbr4Be,cmlapu no ce6z" oH nocraBJba cyrurr4 cy6jexr rojnje He-locpeAHo y.KoperbeH y rrpar,r3BopHoM Hr,IlUTa, OAHOCHO yHecrnopeHoj clo6oAz. To ouoryhyje He caMo npeBnaAaBa_me KaHrosor ruerarpurzuxor AyirnrcMa aeh r.r npojerar 4y_xoBHor yje4nruerra cnera nocrojarba: BpnnHoM yHyraprberr,rHTefpr4carra EoNancror rr Jl,yAcKof, Ay(oBHof u r1plrpoA_uor, pelurujcror u $unoco$cror.

[pyro: Br.r.(rrMo KaKo 3a Eeplajena Suloco$uja npey-3rrMa 3aAaraK cBeAoqerba ynpaBo rrrx rr rarBr,rx ruoryhHo_crx per4Hrerpaqzje. 3aro oH QznocoQujy oApebyje rao,,czu6orn3aqujy ayxonHor ncKycrna" (OEM, 4647). Tu,ve par6uj a orneAano o HToJrortrcrrlrqxe, ecenquj alr{crr,rqKev HarypurucrrrqKe rrapaAzrrr,re SulocoQuje. Jep, y TaKBHMueraQurnvrulr $r.urocoQzjaua nna4ajy ruocracr{paHe arr_crpaxquje Ha ocHoBy paqr4oKparr.rje xoja epurr,r 3aKJroH H3_BopHor rroBexoBor xr.rBora y Ayxy u clo6oAu. Eeplajenre_

na $unocoQuja MapKI,Ipa npeoKpem $r'uroco$cror y peJlrr-rnjcro, a pernrujcro ce yrerraeJbyje Kpo3 lberoBy sui gene-

ris ynrpyn uoJloluKy peqenqujy xpuurhaucxor )qerba:

Peruruja je Nunorna ocHoBa {ranocoQraje, pelnrujaxpaun QturocoQr{y pea-nuurra 6rheu. <Dr'uroco$raja ueMoxe rpereHAoBarr.r 1a 6y4e cne [...] oua ynex ocrajenoce6ua u opraHcKI,I no4pelena o6lacr 1...1 @tarcco-

Quja uocrce da 6yde celvro opaaHcKa Qynx4uia penu-eujcxoe Jrcu1oma*.'"

Y.rerbe o Yurpyuny n npI,IMar HecrBopeHe clo6oAeo6erexanajy pelurrajcxu,,oKper" r[r,uocor[nje y Eeplaje-BJreBoM reopujcrorra npojerry. V rarco nper'trauenoj r[uno-cor[raju pelurujcro rcKycrBo ce npojanryje xpos 4eojegHoorrlrroBarbe rrecrBopeHe clo6oAe lt Eoxancror. ,{arcle, axoueratpnrura aQuprranue [pl{Mar 6vha u ALIcKyp3I'rBHor I'rH-reJreKra, ouaa Eeplajen uuje ueraQmuuap y rpaAlrquo-HUrrrHoM cMr.rcJry re peql4. Aro ueraousma nornplyje npl4-uar cno6oAe LI LIHTyI.IpaIbe AlxoBHI{x ocHoBa nocrojalba,oHaa Eeplajen jecre He(o)rraerarpuenvap. V rou cnytajy,Moxe ce pehu raxo beroBa penurr,rjcra $unocoSr'rja npeA-craBJba AyxoBr{y ne(o)rr,rerasusuxy roja LI3 KpyxHor oflIe-Eu:a :aarrypanrnMa Llcryrla y orBopeno-pacryhy flepcrleK-TrrBy HoBor MI,IIrIJbeIra, AapoBaHoF 6oxaHcrI'Iu xI'IBoroM l'Ixr{BoroM y Eoxaucxorra xoju, [pLIMapHo, oAnlrryjy Hey-cJroBJbeHa cro6oAa, Ayx H HecBoAI,IBa JltrquocHocr.

Tpra sa rrornyHo HayqHoM MeraabLI3I{KoM, IueraQlrtu-KoM Kao crporoM u o6jexrranuoM HayKoM, jecre rpxa3a rp[BHAoM. Merat[urzra Moxe ga 6yge caMo ca3Ha-Ibe Ayxa: y Ayxy I{ Kpo3 Ayx, u ro y cy6jenry xojr'rcrBapa AlxoBHe BpeAHocrI,I, rcoju He rpaHcueHAlrpa y

32 Eepfajen, Hr,rronaj A., <DuLrocoQuia cao6ode, npeBoA: !!e^6-ojyr-aKosa.{da;zh, Pycrra 6ororpaxlrrerlr.r, Jloroc-An1 EeorpaA, 1996, 15,19.22.

JJ

o6jexr Hero y concrBeHy I!6uty trrro ce pacKpr{Ba.Mera$usl,r a je eunuplrvaa y roM cMlrcJry ruro ce 3a-cHuBa Ha AyxoBHoM orl{ry. MemaQusuxaje cuu6onu_saquja moe onumq* (OEM, 4647)(ii) Ungrund u 3no - meodurceja..{alexo najaaxuujn

pa3Jror 3a rrplrxBararbe Aoxrpr.rHe o yurpyu4y jecre Fep$a-jenren noryruaj Aa oAroBoprl Ha nlrrarbe o [opeKJry 3r4.flpurueua yHrpyHAonor n1 e ua AexoHcrpyKrruj y o6j erruna-qHje jecre rex perfnerc ror rrprMapHujer nnrepeca. LIcrLr-Ha 3a BoJby, ra slo je $euoueH xojz ce cyncyMr{pa roAo6j e rrr.rn aunj y. Crora BaJba pa3 rrvKoB arr.r,, AeKoHc rpyKqr4j -cKLr" v,,a[oJrorercKl,I" Mo4ar[Ter EepfajenreBor ) rerba oo6jexrueaquju. OAHoc yqerla o Ungrundu npeua o6jerrz-naquju, aurLr ca oBor anonorercKor acneKTa, jecre cleAehaTeMa r,rcrpaxuBarua. Myrnra Lr3a3oB cBaKor xpuurhancror{r.uroco$a Moxe ce $opuylracaru y o6nury clre.aeher,,cn-rorr,BMa": p. I 6or je Jby6an; p. 2 Eor je Cnervroryh; con-clusio: 3lo nocrojn. Karo je rr,roryhe noMr.rpr4rlr nocrojane3na ca cBeAoqeneu Jenanf eJrr.rcre aa 6 0ebg dyg;nn iociv?(1JH 4 s, to)? To je o6nux je4uor oA oHtrx,,rpoKrerr.{x" ru-rarra roja cy peluaB€lnl,t ,,p]cKI{ ge,taqn,', r(axo cy Hit3LBa-Hr4 ropJbr,rBr,r pycKr,r rrHTenrlreHTr{: 6oro,rpaxzre JbLr vru rraK6oro6opura.

Beplajenren oAfoBop ruacu: Eor uuje oqronopau sanocrojarre 3Jra, Hltrr.t 3a crpaBrrrlHe nocJreAuqe 3na y oBoMcnery. Melyrr.rM, aKo je Bor crBopr{o qoBeKoBy clo6o.4y,rdcrr{qe oH, oHAa je Bor HyxHo oAfoBopaH sa nojary sla.To gnaqu xaxo On, ycJreA cBor cBe3Harba (omniscientis),nr.rje uorao He 3HarI{ Aa he crBopene nacrlr rr M)Arr4TLr ce-6e, 4pyrora u cBe Apyfo. IlocleAuua raKBor pn3Mr{ruJbirrbaJecre Aa ce nopexJro 3Jra norpaxfi na 4pyrcirr,r rvrecry. orry-Aa oH,{a sro? - Hs Ungrunda, yupaha Hnronaj AnexcaH-ApoBru:

34

I,Is Ungrunda, r43 Ee3AaHa ce pafajy cBerJlocr u Bor,

oAl4rpaBa ce reoroulrjcKl'l npoqec Lf u3rlrBa ce raMa,

3JrO KaO cesra 6oxascKe cBerJlocru. 3no ueua ceoi w-

eop y Eoey rcoju ce poduo (Bozy Cmeopumemy), eeh y

meMe,'by Boea, y Eesdauy*, ras xojer florruy n cBe-

rr,ocr u* raMa. 3JIo je uoryhe cxBarrrrl{ caMo Kpo3

yeoleme qpI4HuI{[a pa:noja y 6oxaHcKI4 xrlBor''"

sno [...] y treMy je nareHrua noeyhuocm* KaKo 3JIa' TaKo !I

pr.rreJb crBapa cauo Ao6po. I'Is Ungrunda' oAHOcHO I'I3 npa-

r{3BopHor Hlrrura HecrBopeHe clo6oAe, On arryalrasyje ca-

ro on" MoryhHocrlr IIIro BoAe ra,uo6py (bonum)' Ou je:a-

ro Ceerfiocr, Id:ctulaa u lby6an. AlIra, nouno HecrBopeHa

cno6oAa cBeMy rlperxoAl4, notryr cBerJIocrI'I otty, nr'tje Eor

oAf'oBopaH 3a 3ro-yrrorpe6y re qucre I{ HeonpeAeJbene

33 Eeohaies. Hr.rrcolai A., Cuucao cmeapmawmea, rov l, npeeo4: He-6oi ut'a'K"o"aqesr.rh, Jioroc-Ant, Eeorpa-l. | 99 6. 124 (abbr' : CCT)'

35

cJro6oAe, rrrro rr3 Ees4aua Ao Hac crrore Kpo3 6es6pojneruoryhnocru u eneprnje arryalnsaqr,rje:

Tajua rnaje rajna clo6o4e. Eeg cxsararra clo6oae neuoxe 6urn cxnahesa r{pau[ouiurHa qr{rbeHr4rla nocro_jawa zta y Boxaucxon cnery. y ocHoBH cBera Jrexr4r{parlr4oH€rJrHa clo6oAa, noja ce rpocrr.rpe y Iillurty6erAasa. Y ly6uuw cBera Jrexr4 6esAaH ru ,s lrera ceV3[VBAJy TaMHIlr nOTOTII4 )KI,IBOTa. CB,e uozyltuOcmu* CycKpraBeHe y rou 6esAany. Ona 6esftaHaravalvha. xo-ja nperxogn cBaKoM go6py n cBaKoM 3rry, He uoxe 6u_rfi 6es ocrarKa paquonrrJrr{3oBaHa, y rroj je yner cxplz_neua uoryhHocr npr,urrBa HoBr.rx He[pocBerJbeHrrxeHeprnja. Cserrocr Jloroca oAHocr4 no6"ay HaA ra_MoM, KocMlrqKr{ cKnaA HaA xaocoM [...] Cno6oaa jeyreMerbeHa y raMHoM 6esaany, y HrueMy [...] Eor jecserlohaH uaA 6lrheu, aJrr4 He 1r HaA Hprrrrra(nr.grou), nen naA cro6oAov. I,I saro nocroju sno... ([HC, I I l)

Ha ocHoBy rora MoxeMo 3aKJbyr{rarw Aa qoBeKoBa cao6oaauuje crnopeua? - [a.3aro ce u Ha roM Mecry yoqaBa Me_

36

pa BeplajeeJbeBof oAcryflalba oA rpaA[uI'IoHarIHe xpu-urhancre AoKrpI{He o creatio ex nihilo. Ynproc roMe' oH Ir

,ua.me nepyje ga je rou y'Ieby nepnnju Hero MHorI'l reo-JIO3I,I.

O6jacHrauo pa3Jlore sa ynolene rrlx Heo6u'{Hlrx cra-sosa. I,Ig[4erurarbeM HecTBopeHe cno6oAe zgsaH Bora-Creopllrera Eor ce aMHecrl,Ipa oA oAroBopHocrl{ 3a IIo-c'rojanre sra. 3ro je laoryhnocr urto o6nrasa y ,uy6uuauanp e-nocr ojehe He-crBopeHe cJIo6oAe. Tltue nouuarvro j o uru cneAehe peQnexcnnne unjauce: flpno, cxnaraMo KaKo 3aEeplajeea sro unje reK oAcycrBo go6pa (privatio bonum).Hanporue, ono je pecuHo y cMncny aKTyEIJII,I3oBaHI'IX Mo-ryhnocrn. ,{oayure, ono uuje oHToJIoIIIKI4 Hy)KHo Haqeno yruaunxejcrou unl{ 3opoacrpnjaucrorra cM[cJIy. Jep uo uo-xe 6uru npeBnaAaHo (Aufhebung) 6laroAarnov ynorpe-6orra cno6oAe. To sHaqu: oner rryTeM Apyrllx rvroryhHocru.

Apyro, cxBaraMo KaKo cJro6oAa He Moxe 6urn creopena.Ilperraa Eepfajeny, ro cflpeqaBa r{ulneHl4lra Aa crBopeHocrTIOBJIAqfi I'I3BECHY AETEPM],IHI,ICAHOCT. APYTUVT PEqI'IMA'

,,crBopeHa cro6oAa" npeAcraBJbana 6a contradictio inadjecto. ITlranuure, .ua Hnje raKo, Bofa ne 6ucuo MorJIl'IAMHCCTI,IPATIT OA KPI,IBI,IqE 34 CTBAPAIbE HEKOIA UNI'I HEqE|.A

rxro BoALr 3JIy Lrnu rno orr.roryhyje.,{axle, cno6oAa je necrnopena. floruro je ra voner

eMrrHeHrHo cro6oAas, cJreAe ABa 3arJbyqKa. Ilpno, (a) ynpouecy crBapaba yuecrnyjy o6oje: yurpyHAcKa cno6oAa(roja y crBapilIaqKl,I sur yJrar3lr y cnojcrny ouor ,,ex nihi-lo") z Eor-CrBopllrerb. Apyro, (6) voner je corpus per-mixfum, ,,aMaJIraMlIcaH" I.I3 HecrBopeHe cno6oAe Ia Boxn-jer creapuauror fiat. ,,Ar[, Ancoryr je noclenrua rajHa.I4s rora ce Mory I,I3BecrI,I ABa qI,IHa: (l) r,rs 6oxancror Hn-rxra, r,r3 Gottheita, r.l3 Ungrunda, y BeqHocrLI ce pealrE:YieTprajegraur.r Eor; (2) Bor, Eor Tpr,rjelr.rnu, crBapa cBer."'*

3a Berdajev, Nikolaj A., Duh i realnost: temelji bogoiovgiie duhou.no-stl, preveli: Nikola-Thaller i Marko Kovadevid, Kr5danska sada5njost,Zagreb. 1985. 123 (abbr.: DIR).

an)t

Ta goxrpzua Bepfajeny orraoryhyje 4a nreraSuauurueacnyje craB Aa qoBeKoBa clo6oAa He Moxe 6lrna crnope-na. To je ropenrar 3aoKper y oAHocy Ha rpaAr{rlrrouiurHoyqerbe no rcojenr je Eor crBoptro qoBexa u, caMr4M TlrM, r,rr{oBeKoBy cno6o4y. Mefyrlru, ro ue o6asesyje Eepfaje-BJbeBo craHoBr,rrrrre: ,,tloner nr,rje clo6o4an xa4 Eor o4pe-lyje cnoj oAHoc [peMa rieMy xao CrnopnreJb cBera..."(Oq[, 4l). 3aro je ,,voryhuocr crBopeHe cno6oAe najrraa-tre rrprrxBarJbnna" (OVII, 36). Bepfajen cMarpa KaKo fre-Ibe o crBopeHoj clo6o4r.r Hnje cauo oHToJrorrrKrz r4 JrofnrKr4[porr4Bpeqno. V crnaplr, ouo je ,,uorn6eruro" jep clo6o4yrlpeBoAlr y AerepMrrHr,BaM, a qoBeKa y Mapr4oHery 6oxan-cKe xr4poBr{rocru. Lllranuue, yqerle o creopenoj cno6oAanoAcruve MpxrLy npeua Bory r{ qaK Mr4rr,rraHTHrz arelr3aM(EAEJb, l5). Jeauuo ) recrBoBarLe r{oBexa y Hecrnopenojcno6oAt'r Ao3BoJbaBa Aa npr{xBarr,rMo KaKo qoBeK r{ cBer 3a-vcra oAfoBapajy Ha Eoxujrl [o3r.rB, re 4a raj o4roeop HujeoAroBop Eora calrolr ce6u: ,,Cauo nperrrocraBKa o HecrBo-penoj cno6o4u us6erala 3aKJbyqaK o npeAecrr4Hauuju".35

To snaqu aa je EepfajeB rrprxBarlro BeN,reosa yqerlararo 6u oAroBopr{o Ha fir,rrarbe o 3Jry: ,,... KoHaqHa :rrcrrruao 3ny cKprrBenaje y reHujalnnlr yB:zl.vwa J. Eeuea" (CCTI, 124). flpyrrar'r pequMa, yHrpyHnonornja xoHcollr4yje rr,te-ra$raer.rvxo yreMeJberbe Eeplajeunene reoAraxeje. llocle-AlrrrHo, rarBa reoAnKeja no4u Ka npeuHaqerry nruorux noj-MOBa, AOKTpHHA UJII,, ar( TeoJroryMeHa TpaAnqttoH€InHorxpnruhaucroa. EeNaeoscre cnojene yruqaja HyxHo je uc.ra-hu. Hnax, ro joru yoer nuje r.r AoBoJbHo. Jep, Eeplajen upe-ysuua Belreony reocoQcry rvrera$uruxy o Ungrundu r4 pa-Ar,I ocMl4rrrJbelba,,Merarlctrxorouror" AoNunraja clo6oAey Xpucry, KaKBrlM ra je rsloxr,ro - Ojo4op M. AocTo-

JEBCKI4 (1821-1881) y lleeeudu o Benurcou I'Iuxeuzumopy(cf.: Epaha Kapauasoeu).'u yocralona, Eepfajen je crrla-

rpao Aa r{3BJraqeM xpajnrx KoHceKBeHuI'I uz Jleeeude tty-

xHo noBJraq[ flprrxBaralbe ] rel6a xarno je Eel\4eoso:

,{a je oH (,{ocrojencrn) ao rpaja orKpuo yrene o Eo-

ry, o AnconyrHoM, Mopao 6ra 4a npulna rIoJIapETer ca-ue 6oxancxe rtpupoAe, raMl{y [prpo.uy u noHop y Eo-ry, HeIIrro cJlrrqHo y'Ielby Jaro6a Belrea o Ungrundu'"

Cycper ca Jleeeudou je ,,Aorafaj" xojrarr'r je EeplajenHHr,rq[paH y rrcKycrBo AyxoBHOr XI',IBOTa y Xpucry. cseAo-qaHcrBo [ocrojencror [peAcraBJba MarI'IqHo cBeI'I3BOpI',I-rrrre rberoBor cxBararba xprurhancrna Kao AoxI{BorHe cny-x6e cro6oAtl AAa. Cyurr[HcKa ilopyKa Jlezeude, KaKBoMje pa:yr',re Hmonaj AnercanApoorv, jecre noenr Xpucra-Eoroqosexa qoBexy Aa JIIrqHo, 6el npvcule, Aouece AyxoB-Hmf3r,rcreHqrajatny odnyrcy roja he m ofipeAennTv- wxu3a rrlrrr,erre ao6pa (6naroAarHl,I xI,IBor: xprBoAaBHa capaA-rra ca Eorov Ixro BoALI y ayreHrllqHy cno6o4y) unuflaK3aqr4}berbe 3na (3JIOAarHI4 XIIBOT: IIpOI'I3BOJbHOCT CaMOaQr',Ip-

rvrauuje roja noAIa y 6oro6opny Hy)KHocr n poucrno). On.uenuje peu Hanpocro o norBp,tlu [clD(oJlourKe ar'r$epenuujal-noiru cro6oae ,,I436opa". Buure oA Tora, nocpeAu je ua'3Haqr4Babe gnjalexrnre Ay6I'IHcKI4x MoryhHocrn [pau-3BopHe cro6oAe Ungrunda. Jep, ynpano y rrau uoryhuo-crlrMa qoBeK r.rcKoHcKI,I yuecrnyje, onuryjyhu ceojy t*lera-

36 To ie v6eArr[so noKa3ao Wernham, James C. 5., Berdyaev andEx i s ten tial isn. cf.: RTBS, 34-35.37 E epf aj en, Hr.rxonaj A.,,[yx,\o c m oi gs-c]<g ? z !19 9\o L' yIPSo bopf e-wrh, Kpr.rcranu, K. Fiour.rne, Eeorpaa, 1981. 6l (abbr.: [OC).

35 Eepfajea,Iluxolaj A., I4cmuua u omKplrcerbe, npeBo4: Mlpoc,ranIIg^aHoaHh, Jloroc-Zepter Book World,

-Eeorpas, 1999, 166'1abbr.:

14oT).

38 39

cKoM iaBJbana He y coepll nc[xlrtrKor, rAe je cBr4 onaxajy,Beh y 6e3AaHy rAe ce Hana3r,r 6uhe" ([OC, 6l).

Cnajarre ,{ocrojencror u Eeuea pyKoBoAr.r ce HaJroroMcneAehe apryir,reuraqnje: arco qoBeKona clo6oAa nuje anco-nyrHo HeAerepMr{Hr,rcaHa (4aue axo nuje HecrBopeHa), OH_da je voneron Ay6rancxz rs6op laxaH r{ reK cr.rMynr4paH, r.roAaJe cyflrrrnr!, atn oner rBo3Aeny npojany qpe.rlecrr{Ha_quje. Illranurue, pzl3Jrr.rra rasrraefy Xpracra n HHxuarnropamada rexm Aa v ruqe3He. To je raxo 3aro ruro ce y roM cny-vajy npea o6ojzrlou HnJra3e crnoperra-o6jeKrr4 ca crBope-HoM, oAHocHo orpaHrueHonl cno6oAorr,r. 3aro ce Eeplajenrro roM nrrrarby cynporcraB uo rpaAr,rquoHalnou xpulrhan_cKor\4 yqeby. 14 saro je npouaurao aesy rarruely rr,rera$nsu-re [ocrojencror n Eeuea. ,{a 6u ro rocrr.rrao, Eeplajea jeMopao Aa yBeAe re3y o HecrBopeHoj clo6o4ra Lr, HaIaJbe,Mopao je npemnocmazumu Ea 6kr ce,{ocrojencxu cJroxr{o

Axo je AoK'rpr,rHa o uecrnopenoj clo6o4u, y $ynxqujuyqerla o o6jexrunauuju, uououa Aa ce [oKa)r(e xaro onajcner uzje ayreHruqaH, re Aa je o6jeruvnupau, onAa je raLlcra .rloxrpr{ua, y QyHxqHju yvena o reo4r.rrejra, noMoruraAa ce [oxax(e xaro Bor nnje xpran 3a ro: 3a raKaB cBer 3Jra,oryf erra r nocrBaperba (Verdinglichung).

(iii) Ungrund u xpucmonoeuja - aumpononoeuja. flpe-ua Eepfajeny, ,,ocHoBHrr r.r t43Bopnr,r SeHoueu penttr.rjcxorxr,rBora jecre cycper r.r yrjauno AenoBalbe rz:rr,refy Eora rzqoBeKa, Kperalle Eora npelra qoBeKy u Kperarbe qoBeranpeua Bory." 3aro, ,,He 6u rpe6ano roqerrr Sranoco$raparur,rJrr,r reoJroru3lrparv Hr,r oA Eom Hr,r oA iroBeKa [...] neh oaEoao'toeerca*" ([VlC,129). Axoje ro rarao yrpaBo Eepfa-

40

jen, :anurajno oHAa: (l) xaxan je oaHoc AoKrpHHe o He-crnopenoj cJro6oAlr (i. e. o Ungrundu) npeua yuerry o Eo-rouonexy? 3aruu ce Biuba ytrllrarv (2) y veruy je ,,Aolpu-noc" Ungrunda EeplajesrseBoM pa3yMeuarry Eora rao Eo-roqonexa?

Ipno nurame (l) tuoNe ce ocBeTJIIITI,I cno3HalbeM qI.I-

rbeHrrrre .ua Eeplajen, nope4 guQeperlrtlpalba rpl4 Bpcre6rzha, raxofe paurnyje mpu Bpcre cno6oAe. flpny npcryneh no:uajevo. To je [pal43BopHa clo6oAa IIITo rlorl,Iqe r43Ungrunda. Eeplajen ny raxole lrrasvBa upa4uoHanHoM cro-6oAol,r. To je cro6oaa anconyrHo HeycnoBJbeuot cqMoo-dpefierua. Y rona cuncrry oHa ie usHad (,,npe": prius) ao6pan gra. O roj cno6oau Eeplajen roBopLI KaAa rBpAI{ KaKo ,,...cno6oAa jecre ancoryrsa. Osa ce He Moxe Hu I43 qera I43-Boar.rrr4 14 Hu Ha rlra cBoArrrr,I. Cno6oAa je neyreue,'renureMeJb 6uha u oua je ternlemrraja og cBaKof 6rzha. Heuory-he je aonperrl Ao paurloHiulHo ona3l4Bor Aua clo6oae. Clo-6o4aje 6ecrpajno 4y6or:geuau, a rreFoBo trHoje KoHa.{Havucrepuja" (CCT I, 124). Jbyacxa cno6oAa uvla cnoje ro-peHe y roj cro6oAu, fia ce v oHa Moxe npojaaurn y rou,,HaAMopaIJIHoM" acueKTy .Il{cre cnoco6Hocrlz 3a caMooApe-

!eme. Karo raxe EeplajeB, ,,IroJlapllrer (ao6pa I,I 3JIa -aym.) yaxu u 3a JbyAcKo cpue y neroaoj npno6urnoj cy-rurr.rHr{, iuu r{oBeKoBo cpue je y 6er4any ry'uwe 6uha"(AOC, 6l). 3aro ce 14 JbyAcKa clo6oAa (pe4yxonana Haceoj npausnopnu $euorvrencxlr nu4) npojanrsyje Kao -

,,[paUr4oH€rnHa". 3flo uacraje KaAa ce ra cnoooAa ql,Icror

canroo4pefena ynorpe6r.r cynporHo Boron nocranruenojjepapxr.rju AyxoBHHx BpeAHocrr4 n oAsocd. Pesyarar je rpa-r[3aM [aAa [rJr!r, KaKo ryMaqH Huxonaj o. JIocKa: ,,pacrlaAy c$epr.r uarepujarHor r.I rprlporHor 6uha u poncrBo yMe-cro cro6ojle" (HPO, 3 l5).

Tyje rnlecro yJracKa 3a Apyry npcry clo6one. EepfajenLby Ha3vBa pa\uoHcutloM cro6oAoM. Toje cno6o4a roja cenrc6uja Ha ocuoBy noKopaBalba MopanHoM saxony, ua je

41

MOXeMO Ha3BaTr,r CTO6OAOM C aM o u cnp a6./b a tu a. c nerl/.ian-Ho je cBojcrBeHa erocu Crapor 3aBera u 3axony Oqa. Me-\yruv, ucnyrberr,e crapo3aBerHor 3aKoHa r4r rbeFoBo rrcro-BpeMeHo [peBnaAaBarbe Jby6anry y erocu Honor 3aBera yXpracry ucropr.rjcxu je 4erenepracano y Mopilnrl3aM r.r Jrera-nv3aM. C;re4crneuo roue, ns6pucaila ce rpeha npcra clo-6o4e rojy AoHocLt ynpaBo Cyruru Cnaczrer - Xpucroc.Ty rpehy npcry clo6oae Eepfajee Ha3r.rBa dyxoeuou ctro-6oAou utu 6naeodatty.Y craapu, Bepfajen cMarpa rcaxojepa3nlrKoBalbe urvely cno6oAe u HyxHocrtr neh o4paso6jerrraaauuje. Jep, objarulbaBa oH, rorrqKa aurure3a Hy-xHocrr,r uuje cno6oga Hero 6naeodam:

TajaHcrneuocr Eoxrajer AeJroBarba y cBery u qoBeKyo6uqHo ce u3paxaBa )r{erbeM o 6laroAaru. ElaroAarHeMa Hr4qer sajeAHu.rxon ca HaruaM [...] cxnararreuHyxHocrl,t, crre, Bracry| Kay3€Inr,rrera. Cauo 3aro ce6raro4ar He cynporcrasJba cro6oAn r.r cje4urryje ceca cro6oaorv. A.nu, reolorxKe AoKTpl,rHe cy paurroHa-JrH3oBaJre 6larogar... (OEM, 138)

AyrenruvHa clo6o,ua y Xpacry unje rer ueraqujcxacynporHocr HyxHocrr,r, Hero ra cno6oda jecme uno3umu6Hu dyxoouu cadpcrcaj - 1naeodatn. Tpeha npcracro6oAe $ynrquouraure xao clo6ota ca(no)ocmlapetua6oxancxor o6pa:a qoBeKa. To ce locruxe ynoAo6nasa-rreu Nuaoj napaAurMr4 Eoro.{onexa - napaar4tMlr pacfiereIby6ann. Ta u rarsa Jby6an jecre l4cruHa roja, Kao crpa-aajyha ny6av, ocno6ala caer. flpruuxou rerraaruraqujeoAHoca Ungrunda, oAHocHo HecrBopeHe clo6oAe a Boro-soBeKa, KaKBrrM ra Br,r.qr.r Bepfajen, MoxeMo 3a[a3rlTr,r ABecrBapr4. C jeaHe crpaHe, u3ocraHaK arrcoJryrHo Heycno-BJbr.rBe cno6oAe EesAaHa ocyjerro 6u cnpxy crBaparba cBe-ra 14 qoBeKa y rbeMy. A ra cupxa jecre ynpano c,to6oda sacee rurojecre. C apyre crpaHe, raj urocranax 6u 4elo ona-ulohema-ucryrrJberba rrperBopr{o y [opa3. Jep, y rov cly-

42

vajy, croopeme 6u 6mo uexaun3aM HyxHocrv) a vcKy-flJberbe 6n ce csero Ha HacHJbe uape46e r4Jrv Ha varujcruxr{p crpaHcrByjyher Eoxancrsa roje ucupanra cnojy ,,rpe-uKy". 3aro ce Beplajen IIo cBaKy IreHy ApxI4 3aMI{cJIIr orrcKoHcKoj, cBeMy npenocrojehoj - HecrBopeHoj cno6o4u.

,{pyro nurane (2) o ,,Aonpuuocy" 4orrplrue o Un-grundu BeplajenreeoM cxBaralby Eora xao Eoroqonerarnr',re Ao6raja cnoje o6acjane. HaI.rMe, Eeplajenreno 1^lelbeo Eorouonery-Xpucry roju, rao Cns Boxr'rju, cvna3v ycBer [oApa3yMeBa KpBaBu cLtJIa3aK Xplrcra u y 6eslan Un-grunda - y raMHe \y6nrc HeycnoBJbeHe HecrBopeHe cJIo-6oAe: ,,Eor ce nojanryje He caMo Kao CrBopI4reD eeh xaoHcxynuren u Cnacurer, rao Eor roju crpa.la u npl{Ma Hace6e cBe rpexe cBera. Eor rao Bor-Cns cvra3vl y 6e3AaH, yUngrund, I tyluuy cno6oAe nr roje ce pala 3IIo, aJtv t43roje noruue u cBaKo Ao6po" (Oq[, 32). [a 6u ro uorao AayqvHrr, focroA npey3l{Ma rrwx cmpadaiyltez Vcrcynnrena.fberoe rrocJIeAILt,t uraH nuje paqlloHanHn apryMeHT HI{TIIjypu4uuxo Hapeferue. To je neurro cacBI4M Apyro I'I Apym-vuje. Haul,re, raj vuu [peAcraBJba aflconyrHo cMllpeHo c4-Moucnpalrctberce (r|vaotq,), roje ce caBpllreHo rIoKJIa[a cao46r,rjarreru cBaKe Apyre clo6oAe oclrM oHe oA OIra u yOuy. Cnn Boxraju ro q[Hu paAH cBeAor{ee,a yHI'IBep3anHeJl>y6anu Bora-Oua npeMa cBoM uajry6reHI'tjeM crBopelby- qoBeKy. oraq, rpog KeHorIrrIKy xprny cuua, rIo3IrBa qo-

BeKa Aa saje4Hrurz y 6oxaucroj, ,uyxouuoj u crtwpeuoj cno-6odu 1naeodamu xoja ilzlasna oA 3JIa o6jerrnnauraje, o4-HOCHO CMpTI'I.

Karo rsv [oBoAoM Kaxe flaere Ee4oxuuon, ucry-rrJberbe je rraoryhe reK peBonyunoHapHuM ylacrotra CuuaEoxujer y cyllrre ocHoBe cBera, ,,KaKo 6u ceojou cuphy tlBacKpcerbeM yBeo [oTrryHo HoBe oHToJroIIIKe ycJIOBe, U qO-

BeKy noHyAI{o o6oxene. Oeanrohelbe AoBpuraBa crBapa-rre. OHo je meros Ocl\lr4 4aH roju r{oBeKa qnHI'l cno6oAHI'IMy rseroroj ry6anu npeua Eory. XpuruhaHcreo je penraru{a

43

cno6oAe v crBapanaqKe AeJrarHocrr.r r<ojy Eor oueryje oaqoBexa - cBor npujarera" (XPM, 152). Bor raKo ,,[oMa-xe" npallcxoucxoj cno6o4u Ungrunda Aa nocrane Ao6po6laro.qaru. V rorr,re re;,r.tl u ecxaronorrKr{ cMlrcao crBaDa-Jraqxor [poqeca r,rJrr{ KocMorouuje, rojr.r je, oner, TeK Mo-MeHar ApaMe yHyrparrrrber x[Bora Csere Tpojuqe.

Ilapa4oxc oAHoca Ungrunda ra Eoroqosexa y roue jerrrro HecrBopena cro6o4a ucroBpeMeHo Ao3BoJbaBa v crry-TaBa 6oxaHcKy HaMepy Crnopnrersa.'o OHa ro AorryruraTrrMe ruro jecme cno6oAa. OHa ro capeqaBa rr,rMe rrrro ycBoM [parrcKoHcKoM jesrpy (sayner?) ocmaje neo4pefena.Crora ocraje KaApa Aa ce ocrroJbu xao Ao6po, €IJrr{ 14 Kao -gro. Oeo rroroBe rzra6pao je AAarra, a ro nacranrajy ila 6u-paiy v [oroMrlr4 A4auonu. Ilpeua roMe, ,,AonprlHoc" He-crBopeHe cno6oAe je qnocrpyr. Hauue, 6yayhu HecrBope-Ha, oHa Syuxquonnrue y Br4Ay MeraoHToJroluKor ,,rapaura"aa: (a) c,ro6o.qa ocraje ancolyrHo HerroHr.rrurlrBa oA 6unoKaKBe I{HcraHrIe unr4 cvre, v (6) :lo 3ayBeK ocraje cauorr,roryhHocr, rer jeAna oA MHofr,rx Apynm uoryhnocrn npa-rr3BopHe cno6oAe. Hecrnopena clo6oAa y cnojoj 6uru ca-apxrr HaqenHy [peBJraAr{Bocr 3Jra, roje, napa4oKciurHo r{rparr4r{Krl, ocraj e rarole (sayner?) rvroryhe !

Eoro.ronex Xpncroc raxo npeo6paxaBa HecrBopeHyclo6oay ylpaBo nonohy rre caMe. Ou cno6ogy [paur{o-HilJrHoI lr 3ar[M eror{crr4qKof carrlo4pelerra npeo6paxaeay cno6o4y 6laroAarsor 14 caMo)KprBeuo-ca6opnor caMoo-crBapelba. Kaxo ucruqe I,Iou Enruop (Joe Elmore), :a Bep-lajeoa,,crpa4ajyhu Eor crpaAa yronlrKo trrro y crpaaarbyqe3He 3a qoBeKoM, xelehu Aa qoBeK 3aKopaqu y nyur.{Hy6oxancror xl4Bora r,r IpHKJb)n{u ce KpearuBHoM 3aAarKycaB ra naBar+, a He6 nha." 3e

38 Slaattd, Howard A., Personality, Spirit and Ethics: the Ethics ofNicholas Berdyaev, American University Studies, Series V: v. 181,Peter Lang Publishing, New York, 199'7 , 66 (abbr : PSE).to Elmore. Joe, The Theme of the Suffering God in the Thought of Ni-colas Berdyaev, Charles Hartshorne and Reihnold Neibuhr (Disserta-

44

3axra;ryjyhn Ungrundu, Bepfajen, Ha Heo6ur{aH Ha-quH 3a xpfiurhaHcKol' MI,ICJII{OUa, ycfleBa .tta uclpaB]I ory-

fen e lura Boxnjer, ruro je raKo MyqHo H yrlopHo aoMI'I-H[pano reoJroruj oM ayrop[Tera, Moh u lI I'IHCTpyMeHTZUII',I-3aur.Ije xLIBora. Eeplajee-nee Bor ce6e KeHorI'IqKI4 cur'rpyjer.r npeA Ungrundom r npeA qoBeKoM. Taxno uraleBe Eora'cMarpa oH, He HapyuaBa ayreHTHqHO CBeAOqaHCTBO O EOryJenanlera. Eor je Onaj Kojn BorLI, crpaAa 14 pa3alrllrbe ce'Bor je Eor reK Kpo3 Cusa Pacneror. ,,HeMoryhe je oa6ault-TH ro Aaje xpflIuhaHcKll Eor, npe cBera, Eor xprBeHe Jby-6aaz" (O9lI , 35). I4nar,,,HeMoh" Eoxlrja zrpas je BpxyH-cxe uoltu Eoxuje Cno6oAe Aa ce6e rocpeAyje y ewgy lby-6asw u Xprne. Ha raj HaqrIH UngruLd ce noyHymapruyie'Alu, cauo y npaBuy aKTy[InIBaqI4ja EoroM 6[arocroseHl4xnoreuur.rja 6esAaHe cno6oAe. Eyayhu co6oM caBpueHacopula universalis, Xpucroc l.{HrerpfiIue qoBeKa l.I rBap yr,rcKoHcKo u3Bopl4IIITe ClO6oAe. Mefyrurr,I, yclon ra ro jerrpeoKper (petcrvoia) y cynepfiopHr4 xl'IBor uonor AAaua:

... cBeoxl,rBJbyjyhu [...] ycnoH n€Inor qoBeKa uoryh jecaMo Kpo3 uojaey Aucolyruor 9onexa, nojra nyacxyrprpoAy npuveurhyje 6oxaucxoj npupo.4l{. I4cxynn-ren u CnacnreJb cBera cKuAa qLrHI,I Ir oKoBe HyxHo-cru. On je Ocno6o4ralau [...] Cno6oAa 6er XpucraOclo6oAuo(a je cno6o4a crapor A4aua, cno6oAa 6e3ny6aeu, clo6oAa ce.uMoAHeBHor crBapalba. Cno6oaaca XprcroM ra y Xpucry je cno6oaa nonor A4avra [...]cro6oAa ocMor AaHa crBaparba (CCT l, 125-126)

Vqerre o Ungrundu ncxoayje flocneAtlue roje, upexoxpucronoruje, crlrxy n y o6nacr aumpononoeuie. Ha osol'{Mecry rbr,rx hento Aale 'acrpax.vrr4 KparKI'IM nperneAoMBep!ajenrene xpucronollrKe anrpononorltje u,,erl4KecrBapa,.rarrlrBa" y oAHocy flpeMa AoKTpr'rnu o Ungrundu.

tion), Columbia University, 1962,66 (Cf.: Wertz, Ro-nald P., RussianChr'istian Social Thoughi (Dissertation), Russian State University,New York, 1988, 162 [abbr.: RCST]).

45

(iv) Ungrund u cmnapanautsacHr{Barba reoplrje o crBapaJraurny Bepfajen, orrer, rroJra-3r{ oA cJro6oAe Kao npBoHaqena cBoje pelunrajcxe $r.uoco-$uje. ,,Ja caM" HacraBna KJraMapcKI,I MHcJrI4JrarI, ,,frocraBl,Iocro6oly, npe Hero 6uhe, y ocHoBe cnoje Sunoco$nje. YraKo paAlrKiurnoj $oprnlN, qrrHr4 ce, ro nnje ypallvojout nra-je,uau Snnocorp" (CCII, 99).

PerrH cl,ro Aa cno6oAa He Mo)Ke 6uru u:seaeHa ws 6u-ha, crora urro 6uhe noce4yje ,,o6jemr,rnHra" u saro o4pe-!eu, $uxcupaH r4 crarilr{Kri Kapaxrep. Aro cno6o4a rpe6aga je ywcrzuy cno6oda, oHAa oHa, Ha HaqtrH ,,rryxHor"rrpeAycnoBa, rpe6a 4a 6yne oanojeua oA cBaKof crroJba-urrer .tIerepMI,IHI,BMa, ycnoBJbaBalba n aeQunr,rrtlBHoforpaHr4qaBarba. Csax[ uonyuaj rzrnolena clo6oAe Lr3 He-.rera urro je y oAHocy Ha rby cyneprlopHuje, y cMr4cny [plr-Mara oHroJroruje ,,6vrhd', BoAr.r Ka Qr,rrcupajyhoj .rlerepMlt-ruauuju roja ynanpea npeaogpefyje rbeH KapaKrep, orcerIIpOJaBa I,I ) {IIHaK IbeHltX AeJCTaBa.

Clegctneuo, TaKBa,,AeAyrqnja" clo6oAe yHr,rrrrraBa6rar nene HarreJrHo HecBoAr,rBe crBapHocrrr. Cro6oAa csa-raro nocrojn Kao crBapHocr sui generis, anil oHa He Moxe6nru rex ,,arpv6yr" locrojeher, axo uocrojehe cxBarlrMoxao,,6rhe". Jep ce 6uhe xao 6uhe nocraBJba u yreveryjey oKBr.rpr,rMa 3aKoHa rojlr cy repvrrz'carr (u) ua o*rony xa-y3anHe Hy)KHocrr.r, lra oryAa clo6oAa rao aTpu6yr 6lrha nelroxe 6uru cno6oAa y anconyrHoM cMr4cJry (urro ce jacroBI,IAr4, peUr,rMO, l{3 Herr4par6a npeBJraAJbl,rBocTr{ cMpT}r o.rlcrpaHe uarepujzurr.rcrr,rqKe oHToJrorr,rje r,r rHoceloruje 6n-ha). 3aro Eeplajen raKo yropHo, no rleHy o6ulHlrx napnja-qnja, nHcucrvpa Ha roMe KaKo cao6oga, a ne 6uhe, naopa6nrn uajnuure uerarpusuuKo HaqeJro. llJraer.rure, EepfajencMarpa Aa cBe urro nocroju, fla vt o6jexrnnnpaHo 6uhe,rpo r43na3 r.r ns cneo6yxa araj yhe npacrnapuocrr.r cno6oAe.

Ilocroju HI,I3 npr,rAeBcxrax oApeA6u roje ou Kopr4crl,rKao o3naKe aa cro6o4y. Behuny rlrx o3HaKa neh crvro yno-3Hturu; lpe-BeqHa, npe-6uheuua, upe-nocrojeha, npau-

46

3BopHa [rJrr4 I4cKoHcKa v - He-crBopeHa. Mefyruna, cnounpBoHar{eny oH aaje jegau 6uraH HIBI,IB KojI,I Moxe nocny-xrrrrr Kao yBoA y BeroBy reoprajy o 6oxaHcronr u/uttu rto'

BeqaHc KoM c m 6 ap an aut mey. Concrneuoj peunrepuperauu-ju 6eueoncrcu cxsahene cno6oAe Eepfajen 4aje nasnn -MeoHuqKa cro6oAa. Paryue ce, calia BzLIba AoAarHo pa:ja-cHr4rr.r 3Hatrer6a ror terminus technicusa. llocpegu je Qmo-co$cra KoBaHlrua y rojoj ce xou6unyjy ABa repMLIHa Ir3aHrrrrKe jenuHcxe $ulocoSnje: (a) ,,ue" (pit[v]: me), ra (6)

,,6ulte" (6v: on). [aue, Ta ,,A4e-oHvI\ra" clo6oAa o3naqaBaue-6uhesHLr Kapalflep cno6oAe. tLy rpe6a cxBarlrru Kaocno6oay od oapef enocrlt I{ AerepMuHl{caHocrl,l 6uha, a ue,HuKaKo He, Kao ancoJryrHo I{ Torz}JIHo Hl4ura. 3a ro auco-JryrHo Hlrrrrra Jelnsu cy rarole LByMenu ogronapajyhu ua-3ue: ,,ouk on". Taj TepMr{H MoxeMo y3erl4 Kao Ha3uB 3a,yr-oH[eKy" raplrjaury neraqraje 6nha: (at),,ancorymHo"ae (our: ouk), r,r (6') ,,6uIte" (6v: on).

Heva uaqer xanocnujer u lpa:nr.ljer oa oHora Iuro cyJeluun H3paxaBanu r{3pa3oM our 6v, xojz orHavanaoHo arconyrHo Hr4rrrra. Mefyrnlt, y plv 6v cKpI{BeHaje jegua uozyfiuocm* u, npeMa roMe, oHo o3HarlaBa ca-nao ,,nory6nhe" Luu 6uhe rcojejout nuje* peatuzoyaruo(oEM,92)

Tarna cxnarawa rpe6 a npH[I{carI,I Eep! aj ennenoM no-cryrrKy Kpl4Tr4Ke oHToJrorlr3Ma, Ha ocHoBy KpeaT[BHor [pe-ryMaqerba cuu6ola Ungrunda. Karo perocuo, YurpyH4nr.rje B/6uhe. A"rru, ou unje nn [yKo H]Iura: ou uu-je uu-ura. Os je cno6oaa oA oHTIrtIKor ,,6trha" u clo6oAa oAyKoHt-lrrKor ,,He6r4ha": on je ruoryhnocr. Jour 6ore, ou jecro6oAa Kao qflcra uoryhuocr lt cno6oAa 3a ql,Icry tuoryh-socr. To je cro6oaa npe oapeferra u clo6oaa oA npeAo-Apeberba. Eeo xaxo Eepfajeo ogpebyje MeoHflqKy clo6oayc o6ruporra Ha [pr,IMar uoeyfiuocmu (ue6uha, uoreuqraje)HaA AerepMrrHrrcaHoM crnapnoruhy (6nhev, aKryanu3aun-jou):

47

Ctto6oda uuje oumuuxa He?o ueouuaxa*. Euhe je na-KHaAHr.r (no)poa: y rbeMy ce clo6oAa cBarAa orpaHr,r-qaBav qax cacBI,rM l,ruqe3aBa. Eulte ie cKaJvtetueHa cro-6oda* (OEM,106)

Kaxo seh 3HaMo, y npa[cKoHcrmr,r.4y6r,rnarrra nocroja-na 6r,recreyje rucra uoryhHocr xoja rexu Aa ce aKryanv-ryje rpos cno6oaHr4 norper Bore. CaAa ro rpe6a pa3yMe-Tr4 Kpo3 cno3Halbe rrrIrbeHI,IIIe Aa seh caMa MeraoHToJlorrrKacrpyKrypa uocrojana ce6e nsnyrpa npojexryje Kao Anja-neKTnKy crBapanarurBa, [Ae Hurrrra (potentium: ruohrr6u-ru) nocraje Herrrro (actu: 6nrH). He sa6opaaruro Hlr ro AaMeoHprrrKa clo6o4a, ra Bepfajena, npeAcTaBJba oHo HrlrrTa(,,ex nihilo") rar rojer u raxna;ryjyhu xojeu Eor uoxecTBapaTI,I, a 3aTI'IM TO MOXe l,I qOBeK:

Taro je Ungrund ono Huurra - oHo 6esocHonHo oxoBeqlrocrr4 u, yjeAuo, ono je Bora: 6e3ocHoBHa, 6es4a-Ha, HeAerepMurncana Bora. Aru, ro je jeano Huu'raroje ce rnrann$ecryje Kao ,,ein Hunger zum Efwas"".Onaj Ungrund je racronpenreno Clo6oAa. V raura Un-grunda pa3rapa ce orab u raj oran jecre Cno6o.ua -cno6oAa MeoHr{qHa, norenqnjanna. llpeua Eeuey,Cno6oaaje cynporHa npnpoArl, anuje, unaK, [prlpoAanpor{3arlJra tlg Cro6oAe. Cno6oga je uonyr Hnura, usrbe, r{rrar, Herrrro rrpor,Bna3r (OEM, 100)

CaAa uoxeuo yureAaru HoBe acneKre yHrpyHAonom-je c o6enpoM Ha H.rlean cm6apcuawm6a. yrora BoxujecrBapanaqKe .rleJrarHocru, 3acHoBaHe Ha rueonuvxoj clo6o-Ar4, pacKpnBa ce Kpo3 aKryErnr.r3oBarbe 6er6pojHux floreH-quja Ungrunda. Eor-Jloroc ry yJrofy caBpluaBa yno4ehr,r yrBopeBr.rHy axrywruza\uje caMo ouHx uoryhHocrr.r roje cyflpo)Kere JrorocHoM cno6o4ou, JIorocHIrM cMVcnoM I,r Jlofo-cHr4M floperKor"r. Ungrund Eory ,,4aje" cne cnoje ruoryhuo-

" V npero4y ca HeMaqKof jeruxa ona orH'tarMa rr,acu'. ,,ztad za ue-,|,,til" .

48

crrr, AoK Eor-Jloroc rtoBparHo yr[qe Ha floreHul'Ije noHop-nor Ungrunda, ,qajyhr ltlt Cuucao, Cneuocr r'r Jllloroc(e).

,,Cneyxynuu zuauaj u cylurl{Ha cBercKor npoqeca cacrojucy y npocBerJbelby ror TaMHor l,lp^aqlloHiulHor HarIeJIa' fly-rertn reororuie LI KocMol'otuje."a0 Crnapalavrlr,,yrraqaj"Jloroca, TaKo, [oApa3yMeBa yKJbyrrvrBarle cBe]'a Ixro Je ca-rJracHo Foxujeu 6"hy y nocrojarre, r'r 6eguaculso ncKJby-qr.rBarbe cBefa Iuro je Eory [porI,IBHo. OA creapanarursa3aBilcv cMr,rcao u cy\6wua cBera: ,,EoF je uo6e4a cBerfio-crr,r HaA TaMoM, I4 Ta [o6eAa ce caBpllraBa y BerlHocrn Kaono6e,ua cMI4cJIa uaA 6ecuucloM, Jlerlore HaA I{3orlaqeno-urhy, cno6oAe HaA HyxHoruhy" (OEM, 216). Taxo ce Eo-xuje crnaparalurBo cxBara Kao HeflpecraHl'l trpouec y-Ae-JroBJberba naj6orrax uoryhHocra [nr{ BpeAHocrA pag.vcrBapaba floperKa roju o6r.uryje y xaprraouuju cBerJlocrl4'cMrrcJra r,r cro6oAe. Eor rao Jloroc ynocr peA y npeuocro-jehu xaoc aflconyruo ueoApefeuux MoryhHocrll. JeAHovpevjy, Eor cno6oAno crBapa Jlorocrlo E/6uhe I'I3 ,,I{JIoro-uroC' ne6uha Ungrunda:

Y noverry 6erue Jloroc, Peu, Cvrucao u Csetrtocr.Alu, ona Beqna vcrrlHa peJII{rLIjcKoF orKplrBeba He3Harrr,r Aa ce y 6uhy Ha caMoM [orIerKy ocrBapllJlo qap-

crBo cBerJlocrr4 u cMr4cJra, Aa je Jloroc y [oqerKy no-6eAro ceaKy rauy. BoxancKu xuBor je rparelnja. VnoqemKy, npe o6nuxoeaba ceema, nocmoiao ie maxo-

fie upat4uouaauu 6esdau, nocmoiaaa je cno6oda xojampe6a da 6yde npoclemrbeHa ceemnowhy Jlozoca*.Taj npaqraouatsu 6ez^au, cno6oAa, nlrje 6lrhe xoje no-croju ynope4o c 6nheu .6ora, c Jlotocona, ca Cuncloll

[...] clo6oaa je oHo 6es qera 6rhe csera HeMa cM]rcJIasa Eora, oHo Kpo3 ura ce je.unuo 14 onpaB.llaBa EoNzja3aMlrcao o cBery. Boeje cmeopuo clem us uuqeea' Anu,

49

ucmo ce maKo Moarce pehu da je Eoz cmeopuo c6em uscno6ode. V ocuoeu m6ope6uHe Mopa da necrcu 6esdauacno6oda rcoja je jow npe cmsapatba 6uaa cadpcraua yuuveuy*. Eea cro6oAe rBopeBr4Ha Huje norpe6ua Eory([14C,114)

CaAa crr,ro Aoc[eJrr4 npe4 jour jeaaH oA BaxHr.rx pa3nofaroju yvene o MeoHnqKoj crro6o.(u npenopyvyjy Bepfaje-BJreBzM norpe6alra. To suaqz aa FeplajenreBa MeoHoJro-ruja ovroryhana ucrrpaBKy aHT[rrKor r{ cxoJracrfir{Kor nojuaEora. To je ovuro c o6urpou ua uajruame rpra cneaehe oa-pea6e:

(1) tlpna o.upe.[6a ce oaHocr4 ua duuauu,rx, KapaKrepBora, oAuocuo 6oxaHcxor xtlrsora. Eor unje craruqHo 614-he, uero Ar,rHaMr+rHo Haa6rahe. 3axnanyjyhu 6ecrconavHojrrrr4pr4Hr,r 6ecreuemre Bore, Cno6oAe r4Jrr{ oHor Huura,:axea"ryjyhu lreonnuxoj HaAocHoBr4un caera urro jecre,Bor uenpecrauo xohe, r,r Moxe xrern, Aa HacraBr4 crBapa-naqrr{ npouec, neuajyhu H[KaKBux orpaHrrqerba xoja 6nMorna cnyraBarl,r ro 6oxaucxo KperarLe, r4Jrlr qaK rrocraBr4-rr4 lberoBo oKoH'{abe. Ilperr.ra yon4y XayapAa Clejra (Ho-ward Slaattd): ,,Meouuvra cno6oAa [...] npeacranJba roKy-ruaj aa ce caqyBa AuHaMlrlrKlr KapaKTep uevue lHeyue Hauauvu xoju nracy orrroryhaaale jeruucre ourononrje"(PSE,66).

(2) [pyra oapea6a oAHocr.r ce Ha Heucqpnuzu KaparrepEuha Eoxr,rjer, ro jecr ,,Eoronavalcrna". flepcneKTr4Ba ra-xnor oapelema clpeqaBa peAyroBarbe Eora ua Aaro Bnhe,xoje ce 3arrrM Moxe pa3noxr4rlr y KoHcrpyKr(e) eceHuraja-Jrr{cruqKe neraQuar.rxe, nocrajyhu perneMeHTnpaulr,,06-jerr" r<ojuu ynpaBJba oAPebenu e11ucreMurtKq ,,pertuM".YcneA creKynaruBHe Be3e roja locroju n:rrrefy Eora(Gott) u Eorosaqalcrna, oAHocHo EoxaHcrna (Gottheit +tFreiheit, Nichts), Eepfajenreno 1^rerle o Eory jecre na4poAa ce oAynpe cBItM BpcTaMa [Io3I4TI,IB I'ICTI{II KI'IX AeTepMI,IHa-qHJ a, .qec Kprr[uuj a r{ peAyKrlr.rJ a HaA-[oJ M oBHor,uox rrBJba-

50

ja Eora u rlcKycrBeHor orKpuBerra o lLerr.ry. HalIue, CyurruEor rarole je yropenen y ,rucroj clo6oAu Ungrunda, a rycro6oAy, 3HaMo, oAJII4Kyjy ueo4pefeuocr, HeycJloBJbeHocrn noteuqnjanHocr. Eor yBeK npeBzBI,IJIa3I'I oHo IrITo ce oIbenry naoNe rojMoBno $nrccuparu. Csaro lberono crBapa-JraqKo AeJIo, y HatIenHoM cMLIcJIy, Mo)Ke 614TI{ I'r jecre neheutu apyrauuje Hero Iuro rl3rneAa 4ajecre.

(3) Tpeha onpe46a ce oAHocI{ Ha uHoaamutuHu KapaK-rep Eora rao Crnapaoqa. 3axnaryjyhu ueorpaunleHl{Muoryh nocrnua [pall3BopHe HaAocHoBI,Iqe Boroua'rarctea,Eor je KapLap \a yBeK crBapa aoco (nowm). Yocralou,crBaparbe Heqer crapor, urro je Beh 6l'rBano, sa BeplajenanpeAcraBJba contradictio in adjecto, vrJru, y naj6onervr cny-vajy, oxourrary utrlnraurajy.,,Caua n4eja crnapalallrrBavoryha je cauo t6or rofa Iuro nocroju Craopurerr lr urroje On rl:nprurlo opurl4HanaH crBapanaqKl,l quH, y xorrae je ynocrojarre AoBeAeHo oHo AoraA nenocrojehe, roje ne uo-rr.rqe Hr4 r43 qefa nperxoAHor..." (ccT I, 105).

Haro jecre napaAoKcaJlHo, raqHo je la Beplajes BoraHe cMarpa ,,caBpIIreHI,IM". Jep, To 6I,r yrryvr'rnalo QuHalu-saur{y uJII{ 3aBpIIIeHocr oHofa urro Eor jecre ulu voxe6uru..Hacynpor roMe, os Bora cMa'Ipa ,,na4c(a)npure-Hr,rM".*' Eor je nltue qaK 14 oA ce6e caMor, yKonI,IKo yparbay aaconyrHy 6ecronaqnocr Ungrunda rojoj npunaaa uva-HeHmHo. Vgeja o 6ecroHa.IHora o6rary norenqr{a Ungrun-da, o4nocno u4eja o Bory rcoju ce reoronrljcKlr ,,pa3Brrit'r,r3 MeoHlrqKe clo6oAe osor HrErura, jecre najnaxurlje or-rpuhe auo$arrure reolornje, cMarpa Eepfajen. Alll, 3a-urro? 3aro urro je ro o6acjanajyhvHarrrrr Aa ce o6jacnu rarrorBpArl Heo?pctHwle*o crBapanalurBo Eoxllje, v Heucqp-nau 6poj Bpcra o6JILrKa IIIro ce Mory yBecrLI y 6uhe, rojece nocMarpa AI4HaMI,IqKLI. flpeua Bepfajeuy, Bor ce6e 6ec-KoHaqHo ,,caMonpeBa3r4lra3v". Hapanno, OH ro vunn y cne-

5l

TOCTr4, OJrarOCTI4, AOOpOTr4, CBe3Harsy ... V - CTBapana-

ruTBy:

flomeu4ujanuocm je dy6uua 6uha*, beroBa cKpHBeHa,rajaucrneua ocuoea*. Y nomeu4ujattnocmu je y6eK 6u-u,ae, a He Matue Heeo y aKmyalu3oeaHoM u ucno.lbe-uou*.3a raKBo cxBarawe, nomeu4uja je y Eozy*,Bornr.rje cauo qr{crr{ aKr [...] Cauo ce y3 oBaKBo cxBarabeorKpuBa 6esAaHocr u 6ecronaqnocr 6zha, npeBnaAa-najy ce onrepehyjyhe rpaHl{ue KoHaqHor (AVIC,218)

Meonu.{ru 3acHoBaHo crBapaJraurBo raKo npoj an-nyj enajay6rsy, anu rE najxoHxpernnjy u uajcnrncreunjy ar.rr'aeu-:ujy pearuocna. 3aurro? Yupano 3aro rrrro crBapana[rrBoyjeaunyje Bora u 6esAaH uoryhnocrrz (potentia) Borona-r{€rJrcrBa, oAHocHo Boxancrsa (Gott und Ungrund : Nichts,Gottheit, Freiheit). 9unosuNaa crBapilrarrrrBa Eoxr,rjer no-renquje Ungrunda arryalrasyjy ce y JrorocHe BpeAHocrr4roje, salpano, rBope ynyrapby 6ur csera nocrojana. Ta-KBo cxBaralbe Boxaucror, arv v voBeqaHcKor crBapiula-urrBa - oapelyje Kpearr4BHocr Kao ,,qyAo" npojaee nonraxo6r[Ka, xojn cy Herrrro 6uwe oA oHofa ruro ce caApxl,r,,e tpuruj euruuu" yspo [ul,ta IIITo crBapanaqKoM rrr,rgy [per-xo4e. ,,AnconyrHo HoBo y cBery Hacraje caMo Kpo3 crBa-paJrarrrrBo, ro jecr rcpos cro6o4y yKoperleHy y ne6rahy:crBapilrarxrBo je npenarar ue6nha y 6r,rhe Kpo3 aKr clo6o-.ue" (OVII, 39).

Cara cxsaraMo u ro 4a Eepfajen, [opeA ocrruror, oH-roJrofr.r3aM rpr.rrnxyje :6or ol6paue uoryhnocrv 3a eMrr-HeHTHo 6oxancxo lr JbyAcKo crBapanarurBo. Aro MeoH[q-r.vr Enlr.aula3au clo6oAe HeMa rrpBeHcrBo HaA 6uhev, onAace yKV4a uoryhuocr sa yaolene paALrKEUrHo Ho6o? y no-crojarre. Henpecyulra jeAuucreeuocr KpearuBHHX qrlHoBaBora ullr qoBeKa ra4a nocraje He3aMr,rcJrr,rBa, a crBapurJra-rrrrBo ce cylruLl y AerepMr,rHncany r.runraurajy (imitatio)npeA-p) IHor 6raha. Kaaa cno6oAa ne 6r nperxo\ma 6u-hy, raAa 6u ona 6una carto MoAanl,rrer oHor ,,ens", Ta4a

52

Eor ne 6u 6wo crBapanaq u3 Hrrqera (ex nihilo; !( o0rc6vtcov). Hanporue, Eor 6u 6uo npucuren Aa crBapa Ias He-vera (ex quid), var l,ts Heqera damoe (positivum; positum).Taxna Aarocr 6ttrha 3arBopl{na 6u uoryhuocr Aa oHo tro-crojehe 6yAe xna-nurarl,IBHo npyra'rlrje. Novum 6n nocraoneuoryh, a crBapanalurno 6u ce AereHeplrcano y lpepa-cnoAeJry npupoAHo ynernocrojeher. Cxoano roMe, )^{erbeo naeouuuroj clo6oAIa je4naxo cnyxl4 3acHl'IBarby (a) reo-puje aurrE-oHroJIorLBMa, n (6) reopnje o crBap€rnalllrBy,rpu qeMy ce o6e reopraje loxlanajy.

Karo ce oBo f{erle pe$nerryje Ha qoBeKoBo crBapa-laurrno? Aro je Eor crnaparau par excellence, oHAa je rou qoBeK. Jep, lr BeplajeB yrrfi Aa je rIoBeK o6pa3 I4nI4 uKoHaEoNr.rja. MoNe ce Ka3arI,I xaxo je qoBeK, yroJII,IKo, ,,crBope-Hrl crBapanau". 9oBex je 6nhe roje ce yrpaBo rrrM KBIIJII4-reroM u3BaHpe4uo oruuryje ruely cnnlr nocrojehurra jecra-

crBuMa. [o4yure, KaAa je [ocpeALI EeplajenBena xpl4cro-Jrorura aurpononoruja, Mopa ce cBaKaKo yBaxI'ITI'I LI IbeHaMeoHoJrouKa HaArpaArba. 3aro je HeonxoAHo cI{HTarMy o

,,crBopeHoM crBapaoqy" [polul4pl.rrl{. Taunuj e fJIaclI cJIe-4eha Sopruyna: voserje crBopeHrl crBapalall ca DHe-crBo-penr4M ereMeHToM". flope4 npl4cycrBa HecrBopeHor eJIe-MeHra, ro jecr Cro6o.qe MeoHa, Beplajenrena ,,xpl4croJlo-ruja vonera" orxprlBa ta rlocraBJba rlucro qoBelurBo KaooHo rrrro je y uonery 6oxancro u, yje4no, noxasyje qoBeKa

Kao capaAHHKa Eoxnjer Y Aely HeflpecraHor crBaparba Ay-xoBHrlx BpeAHocrI4. 3aro su erI,IKa 3axoHa (npno orrplrne-ne: Crapn :aner) Hlr erura uoxajana (apyro orKpI4BeBe:Honu:aner) He Mory o3Haqurll BpxyHau ra rpaj npouecar,rcKy[JbeBa - yKo]tuKo HI,ICy [OCpeAOBaHe Cno6oAoMcrBaptlnarxrBa y :aje,uurauu ca BoroM:

Cnacene oA rpexa, oA npofiacrl,I, Ht'tje xonavHrr III'IJrpen[ruo3Hof xI.IBora: cnace]be je yaer oA Herlefa, axr.rBor rpe6a a,a 6yle za Heluro. Muoee cmeapu xoienucy nompe6He 3a cnaceFbe nompe1ue cy 3a ccttuty csp-

)J

xy 3602 Koje je cnacetue HyJrcHo - 3a cmqapcuaqKu yc-noH 6uha*.9osexos rJraBHr4 qrzr nnje y cnacelby Heroy cTBapanaqKoM ycloHy, arvr 3a cTBapanar{Kn ycrroH JeHyxHo cracerbe oA 3na Lr Fpexa (CCT I, 86)

Ter< creapzura[rrBo, Kao KpyHa noxajama n acKercKe6op6e, Moxe npeAcraBlburw KoHaqHr,r rpexopauaj o6jexru-BrrpaHe ncropnje. ,,Cruaparaurrno unje cauo 6op6a ca3JIOM r{ rpexoM: oHo cTBapa Apyrrr cBeT, HacTaBJba r{r,rHcrBaparba" (CCT I, 82). y roM cMr.rcJry, o6ojuqa, u Eor ur{oBeK, TBope caApxaje Ocuoe daua, trro nany HcropnjyHe[pecraHo npeo6paxana y [cKynJbeHy ueraucropujy.Hapanno, Ty ce ocHoBHa BpeAHocr rraaHr.rQecryje Kao ecxa-ToJrorrlKa reuora,{yxa.

Ono ruro ur4naja Eepf ajeea Ha oBoM rr.recry jecre uua-HeHTHo noBe3r{Barbe ,,xpucrolorr,rje qogeKa" ca oHHM IlrroHa3HBa ,,aHmponoroutKluv omKpueerueu". Y rarsoNa or-KpI.IBerby ,,oAo3Ao" qoBeK caM, 6e: Tpeher 3aBera Kao pe-rrrerba Aaror oAo3ro, Eory npe4naxe npaBue parnoja (rr.le-ra)ncropraj cror npoqeca. Yupano ra ruoryhnocr yre vreryj eocHoBy sa Tpehe orKplrBerbe t,tnu eloxy [y<a, xaxo ro ua-rrara Eepfajen. flpeua rberoBoM Mr.rrrrJberby, Jenaulene hy-TI{ o KouKperuuu o6luqlrMa crBapiuraqKr4x qr4HoBa OcruorAaHa. MebyrrrM, oHo re qr.rHoBe, raxofe, ae :a6panyje. Eorr{aK He xenl,r Aa 3Ha I",.rvt Aa npeAoApe,u[ I,IcxoAe qoBeKoBrrxrloay(Bara. V roue je nenlrxa MyApocr Boxnja, cMarpaEep!ajen.

Tpehe crnapurJraqKo orKpr.rBerte y Ayxy nehe uuarlrcBere crrnce, nehe 6uru rnac oAo3ro: ono he ce oAu-rparu y rroBeKy r.r qoBeqaHcrny; ro je aHTpolonorxKoorKplrBerbe, orKplrBerbe xpncronornje r{oBeKa. Anrpo-ttoJIoIIrKo orKpl,IBerbe Eor ouexyje oA r{oBeKa I,I r{oBeKra He Moxe or{eKfiBaru oA Eora (CCT l, 87)

9oaex je, qaK, oAroBopau sa cyl6y caMor crBapana-IUTBA KAO TAKBOT:

54

tlonexje norryHo clo6oAaH y orKpI{BaILy cBofa crBa-panarxrBa. Y roj crpauruoj cno6o4raje suraBa 6oronz-Ka BpeAHocr rroBeKa r.r rberoBa :acrpauyjyha oAroBop-nocr (CCT I, 88)

55

IV

Kprrzre u KoMeHrapr,r - Ungrund: pro et contra

Heuanlr 6poj Heaoyuur\a, a 3arr4M Kpnrr.rKa, y oAHocy HaEepfajenreno yqerbe o Ungrundu rrorr{qe ns nelroryhuo-cTV Ia Ce nperlr{3Ho oApeAr,r r,rAeHTr,rTeT Tor Teopr,rJcKofKoHcrpyKra. 3aro heuo floKyrrrarra: (a) na ycraHoBrrMori.(eHrurer yqerba-3aMr4clu o Ungrundu, u (6) aa nouyan-Mo Aecer npr{roBopa roM yqerby, rojn rr,ropajy ycfleAlrrl4qaK r,r aocJre najao6pouarr,repnrajer ryMaqerba r,r, HaflocJrer-Ky, y oKBr.rpy 3aKJb) {Ka (n) npeg.roxuhelro najagernaruujwBpeAHocHr4 H rlHrepnperatwBrLr [p]rcry[ EeplajenrenojyHrPyHaonomKG-MeoHoJrorrJxoj aoxrpr,rnu. T aj npr{cryrrpe6ano 6n Aa noruorHe y oAroBoprrMa Ha creAeha nvra:eiaI(OJa, ycneA ,40 CaAa OTBOpeHTIX IlpoofleMa, Ha OBOM MeCTyrprrpoAHo npolcnruy; Ha npr4Mep: Axo je craBrbarle reAoKTpr,IHe y ,,3arpa4e" HeMIrHoBHo, MoxeMo JII,I, I{ IIopeArora, rrorBpAt4rr{ yHyraprly Be3y rasvely EeplajenneneMr4cJrr,r Lr \yxa xpzurhaHcxe reoloruje ilunu $usrocor[nje?Axo je uoryhe roBopl,rrr,r o eMr4HeHTHo xpllurhancrou ra-paKrepy BefoBe $unoco$r.rje t,t [ocJre KplrrlrKe yqerba oUngrundu H HecrBopeHoj cro6o4u (xoje unax Harafla cBa-Krd KyraK Te Mr,rcJrr,r y qenr.rHr4), 3aruro l,r raro je ro uoryhe?Aroje oAroBop [orBpAaH, y KoM cMrrcny ro nouuarlr?

(A) Z4eurnrer Ungrunda

Mely ryr'aavnrua IJejvc M. Mexlaxlan saclyNyje uoce6uyna)Krby. OH je na [oxBzlJre BpeAaH Haqr,rH AoraKao HepBnpo6leua, 3aTII,ITaBIUI,I xaxo je, ,aax u cu.M6onuvrcu, uoryheMr,rcJrnrrl o Ungrundu Kao o HeqeMy urro je cacBr,rM TpaH-

56

cr.IeHAeHTHO 14 oHOCTpaHO y OAHOCy na BOra. Cerrauo ceEepfajenreu{x peqrr c rrrM y nesu: ,,flporyMaquo caM Un-grund Eeuea rao npno6rmny cao6o4y roja je nocrojaranpe nocrojarra. KoA 6euea ce ona, naefyruu, nara:u y Eo-ry, Kao lberoao rajuo naveno, a KoA ueHe je oHa usequ*Eora. To ce oAHocr{ caMo Ha 'Gott', a ne Ha 'Gottheit' jepce o Her43p€f3rasoN{ 'Gottheit' nnurra He Moxe Hv MLtcrr4Tt4"(CCn, 144,218). Hejacuo je, rnpAu MexlaxlaH, xaxo Un-grund noxe 6uru usaau Bora. To ce He Moxe 3aMucJlnrr,Iuu sa cwvt6ottnr{Ku Haqlrn. Ha nprnaep, Berr,re Ungrund cue-nray gy6wwe Eoea, tra MaKap y clrv6ornvroM cMI4cJIy Mo-xe 6urn nojvrnuno urra ce rr,rMe xeJrr,r pehu. V 3aLrcra,yrepluaane Bpcre oAHoca ruro rocrojl,I raorr.refy Ungrundar.r HecrBopeHe cro6oAe, u usrr,refy Ungrunda u Bora, jecreoA [pecyAHor suauaja. Tex aro 3HaMo rura Ungrund 3avlcrajecre ranu urra oH gavcra uuje - MoxeMo nsadparu npa-Bau 3a BiubaHo ryMarrerbe r{ BpeAHoBaIbe ror cuu6ola.lllra je, oHAa, ocHoBHr4 cMr.rcao Aucrnnruuje Ungrund -Gott(heit)? IIIra ce rboMe 3anpaBo xerrr{ nocrlrhr? OAro-Bop Ha ro rrr,rralbe nlrje r,,roryhe oAJrafarl,r aKo xennMo Aa-Jbe HalpeaoBar[ y HarxeM [crpaxl4Barby.

. (1) MCLACHLAN - Eso xaro MerraxlaH QopuyluluecBoJy HeAoyMr.rqy:

Ungrund rao npenocrojeha cno6oAa npyxa cnouy LI3-rr.refy 6ora r.r rBopeBrHe. Ona (cno6op:a - aym.) rsr'tvao6orvra nperxoAra r.r o6oje cy y rroj yreMeJbeHn. flocra-BJbarbe Ungrunda urnas EoxascKor xlrBora crora I{MaMano cMr.rcJra aKo rrplD(Barr.rMo oHo urro je EepfajenApyrAe Ka3ao o npBeHcrBy clo6oAe. HeueAa tajetu-Ho uoryhe o6jaunrene jecre urn: (a) ycrynax rparv-unoualnoj reorornju, ruu (6) Harrop Aa ce Eor oclo-6op.u 6uto KaKBe oaroBopHocrrr 3a 3Jro. Aro 6r.r (6) 6u-lo clyvaj, olnlla usaneda da Boe nocmaje HanpocmopeeynamusHa udejo ymonuKo utmo Ou nocmoju cauoKao yMcmleHu (intelligible) udeqnuu non y oduocy uaueodpefi en ocm cno6ode* (DTG, 137, n. 62)

57

lllro ce rnqe MexlaxnaHoBof craBa II0A (a), rr,ropauopehrz rcaxo rrcMerrrrarbe Ungrunda ussaH Bora [peAcraBJbacynpoTHocr, a He ycTyrraK TpaArrqr4oHurnHoJ Teonofr,rJ14, MaKaKo ro ,,r,t3MeIIITarbe" pa3yuelu (oAuocno ro ,,rrocraBJba-me urnaH"). C apyre crpaHe, MexlaxlanoB r.rcKa3 rloA (6)z6una cneAI,I Kao jeaaH o,u voryhnx 3aKJb) {aKa y Be3rrr cayqerbeM o Ungrundu. Tarofe, cMarpaMo raxo Mexlaxla-HoBlr 3aKJbyqrlr4 roA (a) u (6) uucy ,jeduuo* uoryha" o6ja-rrrrbelba pa3Jrora roju guxrrapajy rsueurralbe HecrBopeHecno6oAe wlwrz,Ungrunda zgsau vu3Har,Eora. To he, nepy-jeuo, nocraru nposupnuje u3 pa3MarpaH,a xoje clege. OHoIIITo cBaKaKo ocraje rao curypHo jecre vurseuuqa Aa ceTepMI4H ,,Lr3BaH" He cMe cxBarrrrrr y cMl{cny ,,rpocropa-npelreua" (eiq tbv 1<opolpovov). Eepfajen ro 6es6poj nyranoHaBJba, a MeuaxlaH yBaxaBa ry [oeuTy. Crora repur.ru,,[3BaH" Biuba nouMarr,r y cneKyJrarr,rBHoM cMr4cny. IperraaMeuaxnany, [puMar Ungrunda, y3eror y cMrrcJry HecrBo-pene clo6o4e, yuarryje:uavaj Bora, AoK Bor r[ynrrapa rerKao v4eaJrHa Qyuxuuja pelurnjcror cprcreMa Mr,rcJrr4.llperrl4a Mexlaxlan ApyrAe noKyruaBa Aa yHeKonuxoy6naNra raKBe nocJreAuue EeplajeubeBe yHfpyH.uoloruje,I4naK, Ha oapefeHou HKBoy ryMaqerba, cJreAr4 yflpaBo ra-KaB 3aKJbyltaK.

(2) Lnvrunr - Enrennje Jlaunepr (Eugeny Lampert)yHocu cacBr4M HarJrarrreHy uoneMr{rrKy upTy y TyMaqerbecuu6ola o Ungrundu. On penuocuo Har@Aa ry .rloKrpr,rHy,jep y.rene o Hecreopenoj clo6oAlr:

... rpeAcraBJba uajnecpehuujr.r (disastrous) saxryraxuenoKynHe rseroBe $r.uocoSnje xoju, y crBapr,r, HrrKa-Ko He cJreAr,r rrs beroBr,rx coflcrBeHux $yu4auenran-HI'IX IIPETIIOCTABKI{.

a2 Lampert, Evgueny, Nicolas Berdyaev, cf.: Attwater, David (ed.),,,Modem Christian Revolutionaries", The Devin-Aldair Co., NewYork, 1947, 346, n.4.

58

Y sesu c rt,tM peq[Ma rpe6a [pI,IMerrITI,I cneAehe:AoKrpl,rHa o Ungrundu nuje rex ,,3aKJby{aK" Eepfajenreoe

QruocoSr.{e. To yterre HecyMIbI,IBo np}IraAa cryny r[yu-AaMeHr?urHr,rx aKcHoMa u uuryuguja r,rs rojtx ce pasnujajycBe ocraJre r.uwuje Eeplajennenux pa3Ml{rxJbana. ,{pyruupeqI,IMa, raro je rtaoryhe Aa ,,... TaKaB 3aKJby{aK HI4KaKo HecJreAr4 r.r3 rberoBl,rx corlcrBeHl4x' (pyHgaueuralHl{x rlperno-craBKu', KaAa oH cacBI,rM otILITo npeAcranra jearry.oA Tt{xI,IcrID( He3aMerbI,IBlIX' TeMe,nHux nperrlocraBK 14"")"' - yv-

Ko rr.rra Orunep O. Krapx (O. F. Clarke).Jlannepr BepoBarHo >xenv [a Kaxe KaKo je xpr.lruhan-

cKa reoueHrp[rrHocr Beplajeorene $uloco0nje, 3acHoBa-Ha Ha r,rcKycruy o Xpucmy Kao Cnacl,Irery n Jlorocy cnera,npuvapuuja oA cBera Apyror y roj r[unocot[lrju. Tarnaxpr,rcToueHTprrqHa Ml{cao, 3aTo, Mopa rIcKJbyqI,ITn cBe na-paxpnurhaucKe lrHreprloJlaqr.rje. Crora 6v ce JlarraneprcJrox[o \a, Ha flplrMep, yHolxelbe AoKTpI,IHe o Ungrundu,y Synlarra enra:Ino xpnuhaHcroj uucnu,, He cregl,{".

(3) CLenxe - JeAau oA HaqLIHa peluaBalba npobreMauro ra [ocraBJba ro cneKynarnBHo ,,I,BBaH Eora" jecre 4anpo6lerra rrocMarpaMo yHyrap flvrar\a o 4yallraruy. Olrl-nep @. Knapr cne4u EepfajeBa, 14 cJlaxe ce 4a Ungrundralulu necrnopeHa cJIo6oAa He BoEe oHToJIoIuKoM ryurv-srray. O6pa:noxel-be xoje Knapr HaBoArI npunaAa cdnaonaEepfajeny. Hanue, Ungrund ce He Moxe [oABprHyrI,I reMa-rugaunjaua Jror[qKor I4II,I paq[oHttrlHor peAa. Jep, ruauoAa yupaBo re npoueAype L{HreJIeKra y Ungrundu BI,IAe r€-Heparop oHToJIoIuKG-JIorI{rIKor Ayz}JII,I3Ma. 3anpano, Eyurvr-:ana je HeuuHoBaH rrw Ungrund [ocMarpaMo y oKBI4pIrMar,BBecHor noruvxo-uojMoBHor,,3Halba" (entotflpr) rojerrera onucyje Kao Heamo,I,IJIr{ ce npeMa }beMy oAHocI,I KaoflpeMa HeueMy ,,v3BaH" wJru ,,r43uaa" Eora, no aHurctvjI4 caocfl oJberbr,rMa o6j errr.rnupaHor cBera. crora:

a3 Clarke, Oliver F., Introduction to Berdyaev, Geoffrey Bles, London,1950, 87 (abbr.: ITB).

59

To nnje Aeo $HnocoQcKe crpyKr)?e, uuruje ro peJrr4-rujcxa AorMa. On (Ungrund - aym.)je, Aa raro xaxe-Mo, 'MerareorolrKn'. To je ocuonHa r,ruryuquja (ITB,87)

Krapx je BeoMa [peuu3aH flpunt,rKona xpuruxe JIau-neproBrrx npnrrae46ra. OH 4ora^ryje KaKo cy oHe HeAoBoJr,HoaprvKynrcalae, r{ r{aK norperuHe. Mefyrnu, c Apyre crpa-ne, Klapr He ycrreBa Ha AoBoJbHo KoHKJry3r4BaH Haqr,rH AaAoKaxe KaKo 3aMlrcao o Ungrundu He BoAr.r HeAonycrrrBoMoHroJroruKoM AyanrtMy. Jep, pehu raxo je ro uHrynqnjaxoja urua ,,MerareoJroluKl4" craryc unu je us6eraBar6e rrpo-6leua, utu je crpa'rernja roja ocraje Ha ,,rroJra rryra". To3HaqH, Kaxo roA Aa ryMaqr,rMo uuryw\njy o Ungrundu, ouocraje crau6oJrr.rqKa o3HaKa sa oapeleny Bpcry - cmsap-Hocmu (!). Axo 3a ry crBapHocr KaxeMo 4a je ,,ue-ra(reo)rorrvKa", oH4a ro He 3saqu Aa ce o rcoj ne lroNepacnpaBJbarr,r Ha apfyMeHToBaH Har{r4H. Tarofe, To He 3Ha-qv ra ra crBapHocr y rou (,,uera[reo]loruurorrl") clyvajyHeMa peanHy oHTonorrrKy ,,cy63zcteutuocr" Koja, AaKaKo,lIMa rlocJreAl{ue no Halue MI,IIIIJbeIbe rr noHarualbe. Tru npeaKo u3 I6e, HLIIura Malbe, ,,I43Bupe" vt ,,pa$a" ce Cyruru Eor,r<aro xohe Bepfajen.

(4) SuNrcl - C 4pyre crpaHe, jeana oa aJrrepHarr{Bay ryMaqerby [oApa3yMeBa nornyny AocJreAHocr. To gna.rucne4ehe: axo je Ungrund ueuspequea u uenoja-uua rajua,oHAa He rpe6a o roMe Hr.rIIJTa ,,n3pw1ail4", Hr.rrr.r o roMe'rpe6a ,,pe:onoBurtr" . Taro caneryje Merjy Cnusxa:

MoxAa je najuyapr,rja crBap .ua ualeuo yrorrnrure yMr4crr4rrxoM 6orocloary, na Aa KaxeMo aa je ra 3awvr-cao (o Ungrundu - aym.) cacBr.rM lr3HaA rro3r,rrnBHe,nojuonne Qoprr4ynaqnje (COF, 122-123)

Mefyrlrrra, Cnunra c npaBoM 3arraxa xaro Eepfajen,yrrpKoc concTBeHr.rM yrro3opelbuMa, naA-nojrr,roBny cTBap-

60

Henojanuu (ineffable) aoralaj He Moxe 6urlt u:paxeuTepMlrHI{Ma AI4cKyp3nBHor piByMa. Aw,, mai u36pcHucaeem rcojee je Bepfiajee mqKo qecmo daaao dpyzuua,oH caJvt, y o6oM cnyuajy, uuie ycneo ocmeapumu*(coF,122-123)3alIcta, rpe6a ynex naMrI,IrI,I aa Eeplajen ll [ojMoBHo

apmwg)nuwe cnoje yterce o Ungrundu (,,nepSopuarunnn"HrrBo r,rcKut3r,rBalba), I4 Aa reK peropuqKl,I TBpAI,I KaKo un-grund npeuauryje cnaxo nojuorHo aprl,Irynlrcarf,e (,,rou-crarr.rBHr4" HLIBo rIcKzt3I,IBama). llopea ocrilJlof, To 3Haqx AaoBo yqerbe, ipso facto, npuna\ajesuKy, fla 3aro ilvrarLa o3Haqerby r,I cMIrcJIy re AoKTpI,IHe HI,Icy caMo neug6exua ue-ro rr Jrefr,rrr,rMHa. oHa ce He Mory yKJIoHI4TI'I rIO3I'tBalbeM Ha

,,uera(reo)rorur.IKl.r",,,I,IHTyI,ITI,IBHLI" I.III,I IIaK,,el3HcreHul4-janHra" craryc Ungrunda.

LlJro ce ruqe CnnnruHor caBera o ,,hyrany" (ravnrzje:o Her{cKa3l,rBany nojuonuux u/uttu rIo3I,ITrlBHI'Ix I,tcxasa dpropos Ungrunda), MopaMo Ka3arli Aa qaK H oHAa KaAa cra-HeMo npeA Ungrund (rao upe4 ,,HeH3peqI,IBI,I", ,,HenojaM-nlr" 4ora!aj), ocraje Ha cHEt3I,t q[IbeHI,Iua Aa y MarepuJaJl-HoM 14 pe$nercnnHoM cMllcny nuje rraoryhe He MIrcJII'ITI'Ivrv He pehu uuurra o oHoMe Ixro HaAoApelyje caaxu ry-rar jeAuor ,,cl4creMa" pemrrujcre MITcJITI r4Jrvl eaK cylurorxlrBora. ,{oayure, Cnuura roBopl{ o HeI,IcKzt3lIBawy noj-MoaHux LIcKa3a, a He o roriIJIHoM HeI,IcKiBHBaILy. AaKle,npo6leru unje y roMe llrro Eepfajen ucxaryje ryreM HaA-noj nr oenrx cru6ona (yner anor[arlrsKr{ Herarl,Innnx), Heroy roMe urro oH ncraryje y KoHuerITyanHoM cMI4cJIy rIo3I'I-TlrBrre ucKn3e o ungrundu (e. g.: ,,MeoHI,l{KO" 6hrhe, ,,v3-eaH6oxancro" 6ahe I4 Apyre aeh nojuoeue cI'IHratMe).

Hajsaa, Hu cleAehu Klapxon caBer oB.IIe ne rpe6a ra-HeMapr.{Trr, nollrro oH eepyje Aa xouaarahu ,,ncKa3aHor"ouoryhyjy HHryLIpaIbe y,,He[cra3uBo":

... cae je voryhe. 'Ca Eorou cBe cy crBapl{ Moryhe'.Jesrr ce Ha oBoM Mecry pacrBapa. Alu, ona xoju he

61

.ryrrutu t,r rroHoBo trvrrailt Eepfajena y Be3r.r ca oBoMcrBapr (Ungrundom - aym.) aohra he Ao rora Aa cxBa-re rberoBo 3Haqerbe (ITB, 87)

A oner, MopaMo 6urn onperuv ry Be3v ca onou urja-nou. flouro aKueHar Ha lrHTylrrr.rBucrnrrKoM fipucryrry,xoju npenopyryje K-rrapr, Moxe ]ilrvHvnv Aa nocraHeMorureH r.rHAtrBHAyaJrtrcTr.rqKor u cy6j errrnlrcTuqKor [pr{cTy-na y ryMaqerby. A ro, HaAarbe, Moxe oABecrr,r y olacHocrO.II [pOI43BOJbHOCTLI U A€IIII3I{OHIIBMa.

(5) Valr.oN - MoxAa ce Muruer A. Ba.lon uajnuueupu6nnxuo upo3perby y cMr.rcao HaMepe xoja EeplajenaMorr,{Br{rue y peueluujra t,t Kpearr.rBHoM nperyMarrerby yqe-rra o Ungrundu:

Beplajenrseno BJracruro ryMaqerbe Moxe ce Qoprnlynu-carr4 oBaKo: ja auconyrny crBapHocr He nor,rMaM Hr,rrt4y cMl,tcny MoHI,I3Ma Huru AyiuI,I3Ma Hefo xao da ce yKopeuy nocrojama HaJra3r.r ocHoBHa a+rvre3a [...] ns-uely Eora u HecrBopeHe clo6o4e, npr rreMy o6oje 6u-eajy npeenadauu (transcended) y rcouauuoj .uucmepujuEoeouauancmea* (Godhead). Onaj ro ce6e npr{BonrroBaKBoM nplrcryry Eeplajenrenoj ur.rcll.r - caMo oHhe ycrerr aazato6uje flprna3 rreHoj 4y6HHvr:a3laqa-jy (AOF, 300)

Cuecra 3arraxaMo rano Ba-noH rarole cnaAa y Mncrpr-oue xojn ne o46aqyjy 3aMucao o Ungrundu Ha anpr4opn-crrrrrKr,r Harrr,rH, pequMo, ycneA AorMarcxe anepsuje. lllra-BUIrIe, OH Ce Tpy.(U Aa lroKaxe KaKo Ta 3aMI'ICaO, AO I,I3Be-cHor cryrrrba, Moxe 6nrz onpan4aHa, MaKap HiBHaqr,rBa-IbeM rleHe cMucJreHocrrr ylryrap Bepfajennene Mr,rcJrr.r Kaoraxse. Crr,rqHo Knapxy, u Balou Har-JrarrraBa Aa ce 3aMr,rcaoo Ungrundu He cMe rrolrMarrr Kao JrorrrrrKo-nojruonuacrpyKTypa. H Banon cMarpa \a w3pa3v,,IJngrund" r{ ,,He-crBopeHa clo6o.ua" npeacraunajy cuu6one, a He nojuoee,

62

Te Aa c[M6oJIvt Hl/lcy noAJIoxH]r paquoHanll3aUrajn. Y rorrlera rroApxaBa Kraprou craB Aa je rauucao o YurpyuAy,,MerareoJroruKa [...] ocHoBHa uuryutlnja" (ITB, 87). Vro-nuxo uuje cacBr,rM y [paBy Oyaa Hyro KaAa Kaxe .qa Ba-JroH rroJra3r.r ,,gpyravujmra rryreM oA Knapxa" (EPNF, l7l).Ouo ruro Banon nocrlrxe vis-ir-vis Klapr<a jecre 4y6nepa3yMeBarbe (,,crpunenor") curacna EepfajenDeaor ) {ebao Ungrundu.

9uue, on4a, Barou [ocrr,rxe cnoj epuuueBTIrqKI,I,,npo6oj"? Buure oA cBera Apyror oH To qI,IHlI rryTeM cne-Aeha Asa yBnra: (1) nouuajyhv \a 3aMncao o Ungrundu nuecrnopenoj clo6oArl [peAcraBJba cuu6ol-uHryuuttjy, aue nojau: HL4lvy Xererosol4 cneKyaarlrBrroM cMHcJry, Hr{-ru y ApucroreJroBoM t[opruanuo-noruqKoM cMr.Icny; u, jorunaxnlrje: (2) ynolehn pa3nr.rKoBarbe rasr'aefy VHrpyn.4a(nao ancolyrHe lrucrepraje), c je4ue crpaHe, !l HecrBopeHecro6oAe n Fora, c Apyre crpaHe. (flpe4crannrr,ro ro oBaKo:Ungrund / lreonuqxa clo6oAa *- Eor).

Banon npaBrlJrHo rror,rMa raxo Beplajen usuely ue-crBopeHe clo6oAe u Bora He xeJrH Aa nocraBH arrrHTerlrq-Krr o.uHoc ,,oHToJroruKor" gyalurua neh, raxo 6u cau Hu-ronaj AlercaHApoBru Ka3ao, ,,cr4M6orr,rqKor" Ayalusua. Aculr6oru.rxn Ayzrnu3aM 6una o4peleu TeK Kao Mr,rcJrenopa:4najarre 4eejy crnapnocru, roje uory 6urn cyrporcra-BJleHe (oppositorum), aln ne Il oHToJroruKlr HenoMr4pJbr4Be(coincidentia). 3aro BaroH rar{Ho HarJrarrraBa KaKo Eepfa-jen oAuoruerre Eora r.r HecrBopeHe cro6oAe Bla;'H rrao npe-enad/bueo (Auftebung) y noclegnoj uucrepujn Forona-qaJrcrBa, oAHocHo Ynrpynaa. Baron HecrBopeHy cno6o,uyu Eora craBJba y A[jarerTr,r'{Kr{ oAHoc ycJroBHor aHTI,IHo-Mr43Ma rojn ce Aa npeBJraAarn, AoK, yje4no, Ungrund u:trte-rura Kao rocneArly ravxy jeauucrBa ror ABojeAHor Kpera-na clo6oAe ,,[peMa" Eory u Eora,,npeua" cro6oAlt.

Ba.los oAnrqHo ynnfa xaxo nor{croBeher,be Ungrundaca HecrBopeHorra cro6oAou rroBJraq[, nolens-volens, KoH-

63

qenry€rJru3aqnjy u gerepuunarlrajy Ungrunda. Llf ranuure,ro ce yaufa saxnaryjyhu yBaxaBarby ynpaBo Bepfajenre-Br{x BJIacTI,ITLIx craBoBa. 3aro oAaue HyxHo cJIeALI KaKoEor n necrsopeHa cno6oga croje c o6e cmpaHe BelureMucreplrje Ungrunda, npeMAa A ont4, rarofe, jecy vucre-pr.rje nenoanoxHe paurouarusaqujn. Jep, Ungrund uopaocrarlr HE-nrpeqnnu HE-reuer. Taxo, c ac[eKTa rbrrxo-Bor npanoperura, u:uefy Eora u HecrBopeHe cno6oAe HeMayraj arrano ucxryvyj yhef r4 Hep€Bpeur{Bor aHTnrr,rHoM}r3Ma.lLrxosr4 oAHocr,r Hr{cy caMo aHTlrrer[qK[ uero culr6olvq-rz, 4ujarexrLrqKr,r E MrrcrrrrrKrr. Te penauuje cnyxe lr roMeAa fioreHullpajy neycnonJbnBocr u HecBoArrBocr KaKocrBapHocrn clo6oAe raKo u crBapHocru Eora, npu qeMy cyo6oj e uepacxlrArrBo [oBe3aHlr.

(6) NUCHO - Baronosor'l o6pacuy ryMarreba cy-nporcraBJba ce (Dya4 Hyxo. llourro Balona cMarpaMonpeAcraBHlrKoru jegne ruKoire ryMaqerla, lpor,r3ninr4 KaKoHyxoa, oHAa, MopaMo cMarparlr npeAcraBHlrxoM apyleIrIKoJIe. C jeaue crpaHe, Hyxo cruarpa raxo Klaprone uBaronose r,rHreprperaqraj e no4pasyrrrenajy aa Ungrund no-cMarpaMo Kpo3 pefrrcrpe ,,npurajeuor" onrolorrn3Ma. CApyrc crpaHe, Hyro Mr,rcJrr{ xaro Ungrund rraoxe locrarlrnpo3r,IpaH TeK aKo fa pa3)rrlfeBaMo y perrrcTpr4Ma esucmeH-tluJcwHoe rrcKycTBa, u IIoA npeT[ocTaBKoM Aa Tor pefucTpaHeMa - a 3anpaBo r.rMa - KoA Klapra u Balona:

Cse sIaue roKoM rberoBor xlrBora caM TeDMI,IH oHTo-roruja nocrajao je aHareua sa Bepfajeua. 'Ja cav ao-cneo Ao HleAlrurra [...] xoje Me [pr,rMopaBa Aa cacBrrMoA6aquu [...] uayry o 6vthy' (CC[, 143). To oq6auu-Barle oHToJrornje urarrmo je xaro raj repuun nuureHeMa oHToJroruxo seh eesucmeuqujanuo* 3Haqerbe(EPNF, 173)

floue4ajuo, upno, HyrooBy KpHrHKy O. O. Klapra.Haxo ynaxana Klapra nprunarajyhu K.napxony rpaBr.rnny

64

KprrrrrKy EnreHuja Jlaunepra, Hyro, unar, 3ay3l{Ma Kpn-Tr,rr{Kr4 craB flpeMa r6eMy. Pa:lor 3a ro HyKo Hana3rr y qv-

rreHlrur,r 4a Knapr He ycrleBa, MaKap He y6e4mnno, \a av'-Hecrupa Eeplaj ena oA crl,IfMarrrrlHor oHToJIoIlKor Ayanu-3Ma 3a rojra je olrryxuBaH. Knapxon Heycnex y rorrae jeIIITo oH, nlar, Ungrund nocrraarpa Kao oHmorowr(z KoH-crpyKT: Kao Heutmo lr3HaA TeoJIoIuKI{x I{JII,I $unocoScxnxcrpyKrypa ta I-br4xoBLIX peSepeurnr.rx raqaxa. Melyrrau,Hyxo cnrarpa raro BeplajeB ynpaBo ro nehe. .{pyruu pe-vltua, Ungrund rpe6a locMarparl4 Ha cacBLIM HeoHmoJto-utKu Hal{uil.

Ou cuarpa 4a je Klapr He,IIocJIeAaH qaK u Ha I4Ma-HeHrHoM uJru JrorurqKoM HlrBoy cuojux vcta3a o Ungrundu.Harue. Knapr Ungrund Apxlr 3a jeauy o4 Eeplajeerenuxnajreruersnnjr4x npernocraBKl,I, a [IcroBpeMeHo cMarpa AaoHa ,,... Hr{e Aeo Eepfajee-rrene QrznocoQcre crpyKrype".Hajsaa, Hyro clrarpa rcaxo Krapx nr.rje nojacuuo r{I4 3Haqe-rre 3aMr{cJrr{ o Hecrnopeuoj cro6oAr.r.

Mefyrranr, Hyro je yHeKonI4Ko HerpaBeAan rlpeMaKnapry. flpuo, crora rrrro ce Klapxon [cKa3 Moxe ryMa-rr|dTu vr raKo aa He cJleau flpnroBop 3a nofFIXy HeAocne,4-nocr. To nocraje oqrlTo aKo y3MeMo Aa KnapK no4 ,,Qulo-co$crou crpyrrypornr" MrrcJrr4 ua nojuoaHo-Jlorllqxe eJIe-rr,Ieure xojn no 4eQr.tilaqujr,r BoAe paulloHilJll43aqnjn, ua neMory 3axBarrrrra Ungrund. Apyro, crofa Iuro Iatpa:u xojr.r-ua K,'rapx onucyje Ungrund (xarnr.r cy ,,MerareoJlorrKo" 14,,ocHoBHa unryuqnja") ue cnpevaaajy raKBo uurane Knap-KOBOI r4cKa3a rOje ne BOAI 3aKJbyrrKy Aa je ry flocpeAl{,,oHToJrorrrKo" ryvauene Ungrunda 14 HecrBopeue clo6o.qer'rs rojer, KaKo cMarpa Hyro, y mou cr'ytajy v 3amo crel.unpo6nelt,,oHToJrorrrKor 4yalulua".

llorneaajvo, 3aruM, ra Hyroony KpI{rI,IKy M. A. Ba,ro-na. Kao rrrro 3HaMo, Hyro rapAra KaKo BanoH rrlie ,,y pa3-Jllrrrr4ToM npaeuy" oa Klapxa. Mefyruru, ro Huje raqno.BanoH He r{Ae y,,pi}3Jrr4qr4rolr" npanuy oA Krapra. flourro

65

oH Ka3yje rrcro rrrro v KnapK (e. g. ucxa-:orr.r ga je Ungrundcunbolnvra, a ue nojuonHa crpyKrypa zlu crnapuocr).Talro rAe Baron ra^ryje ueurro Apyro, npe Hero Herxro pa3-Jrr{rrr4To oa Krapxa - ro je, npeur,r3Ho ronopehlr, npe Hy-xna u 6urga donyua Hero JIti KB€IJIIITar[BHo pa3Jll4ql,lra nH-repnperaquja )qerba o Ungrundu. Har.rve, Balon xaryjexaxo EeplajeB cMarpa Aa y r(opeHy nocrojarua uruefy Bora14 HecrBopeHe cno6oAe ,,Kao da" nocrojn ocHoBHa aHTr{Te-sa xoja ce lrraK rpeBnaAaBa y xouavHoj rrlracreprzju EoNaH-crna. ,{axle, og xohe Aa Kaxe KaKo re aHT[Te3e 3anpaBo I1neua, jep rre sehe 6uru - ycJreA HaAonacKa KoHaqHe Mr,r-crepraje Ungrunda. Ka4a Klapr Kaxe Aa je Ungrund rraera-reoJroruKa wnryuguja roja ce Huura3r{ usnan $ranoco$uto-nojrr,roeHe crpyKrype, oH rBpAH y ocHoBri ucro urro u Ba-noH, npeMAa He u je4uaxo Ao6po aprr4Kynr{caHo. A raqra,,crararba" urrraely asojrqe MlrcJrr,rJraua (roja ce Aa [3Becr].rr.r3 KoHTeKcra br.lxoBlrx rupann) iecre ro 4a o6ojuqa crraa-rpajy - r,rJrr{ He 6r.t nopexlu - KaKo Eepfajen, y nocnearrojr4HcraHrlr,r, Apxr,r 43 Eor u Hecrsopeua cno6o4a ,,[pera3e"je4uo y Apyro lrnr4 rraK ,,caApxe" je.uuo Apyro y xouavHojuucrepr.rju Eoronaqalc'rBa, oAHocHo Ungrunda.

llpo6reuaruqHpr acfleKr y Hyrcoonou cxnararry Balo-HoBor r4cKina Hara3yr ce y roMe rrro oH cyrepuue Aa Ba-lou (a) He nonMa rrpaBlr cMr{cao Eepfajen-rreBe Kpurr4Keonrorornje y r.rMe erutrcreHur,rjanuor npr4cryna cBery rro-crojama (a Ba;ron ro r4reKaKo BiubaHo nouMa [AOF, 149 etpassim; 193 et passim]), u (6) y roMe rxro ou 6yxeanu-cmuqKu pa3yMe criHTarMy ,,xao dd' y HaBeAeHoM rlr,rrary(AOF, 300). llpeua Hyroy, ra cr,rHrarMa 3anpaBo rrpeAcra-sJba BanoHoso yqr,rraBalbe je4ue ,,npernocraBKe" y Bepfa-jenneny Mrrcao. Lllranurue, HacraBJba Hyro, Balou ro qu-Hn ynpaBo raMo fAe Beplajen He npuxBara Hr.rKaKBe nper-rlocraBKe, xllrlorerltrtKe craBoBe IIJII4 Jrorr4qKa o4peferra,ueh ucxnyvuBo erclrcreHr{ujatue craBoBe y roje ce Ay6oKonepyje Ha ocHoBy aoxranrsaja.

66

Ceaxaxo .4a HyKooB rpllroBop (6), uauve, fipnroBop3a yq lrraBarbe o6j e rrunr.rpaj yhe ra pauraonannayj yh e,, nper-[ocraere", cneAu aKo ce oHo ,,Kao da" y3Me AocnoBHo.Aru.r, BaloH ry cl4HrarMy He Kopl4crrl y aoclonuorra (litte-ralis) unu AIrpeKTHoM, yeh y npeuocHoM vr yctroBHoM cMI4-cly. Jep, I,t:a ror ,,rc,ao da" nocrojn lI ,,I'IHAIrpeKTaH [vc'Kyp3r4BHrr cMI,Icao","* a He caMo HerlocpeAaH I'I A[peKTaH.Axo npanunHo pa3yMeMo raj ,,uuAuperran" cMtlcao, Ha-3HarreH cnu6ornqxru npocropoM BaroHosor .ulrcKypcayrryrap HaBeAeHof ur{rara (AOF, 300), yeu4ehevo ra crru-T arMa,,K a o d a" 3aucr a ua: nauyj e Eep! aj enren o rneAu llrre.

Hauue, onosuqr.rja I,III,I aHTI4re3a usrvrely HecrBopeHeclo6oAe n Eora Huje ancolyrHa HII oHToJIoIIIKa, Beh cIlM-6onnqxa, uera([usuvxa, eruucreuqujar*a vt\ raKobe, 6uherpeBrraAaHa (Aufhebung)jep ro rpe6a fl Molxe aa 6yAe. Toje npauo 3HaqeIBe Baronone cI,IHTarMe, rojy je caM I'Icra-Kao Kyp3r{BoM. Os ce cy3ApxaBa .ua rBpAt4 l,trlu nepyje onornro HII Feplajen He 6u aorrycruo. Haulte, oH He cMarpa Aaje aururera HecrBopeHa clo6oAa - Eor caMo ,,[perllo-craBKa": 6ralo y cMI,Icny $aurarMa 6uno y cMl4cny HeKexrrnore3e roja, 6ylyhu a,eo r[ulocoQcKe crpyKrype, Mopa6nru noAloxua oapeleuoM creneHy o6jemraaauuje, Ilrrony ipso facto crasJba c oHy crpaHy ersucrenqujaluor I4Jll4naK AyxoBHor ucKycrBa. A je4uuo AyxoBHo-eBI,IcreHuI{-jaruo ucxycrBo Ao3BoJbaBa,,o[[ToBarre" Ungrunda. 3aroHyro jypurua Ha ,,Berpelbauy" KaAa Banouy yrryhyje cle-4ehe npmrae46e:

fia tw 6u Eeplajen 3al,Icra ua raj nauuu Soprvrynucaocnoje ryuauelbe re ALIJIeMe? fia tu 6n ou lpuxearuoTo ,,Kao ga", Ha xojerrl crojn Baloson HcKa3? 3ap Eep-

lajen nr{e 6rao npeearue eml,IcreHqttjana+ ^a

BpxyH-cKy crBapHocr piByMe Ha ocHoBy je4ne ancrpaxrnenpernocraBKe? Bepfajen HLrrAe He ocraBJba yrI'IcaK Ka-

no Todorov, Cvetan, Simbolizam i tumaienje, npeBoa: Jovica A6in,

Svetovi, Novi Sad, 1986,7)1.

67

Ko je aHrrre3a rfiMeby Eora u HecrBopeHe cno6oAenyKa rrpernocraBKa. Beponarn y raKo Herrrro 3Haqr4rbeMy flpHn]rcaTr,r fpex paqtroHanr,r3a\uJe n KoHrIenTy-wmzauuje, flporr.rB qefa ce 6oprao. Kaxeo zod da je rce-uo zuauehe*, aHTr4Te3a uruely Bora n HecrBopenecno6oAe 6utaje KoHKpemHa cmaapuocm* xojyje Eep-lajea racrycrzo roKoM cBor concrBeHor xtrBora (EPNF,172)

Hapanno. Alu, ro rna u Balou. MH nepyjerrno KaKo 6Hce Balou cJloxvo ca cBI,rMe ruro Hyxo roBoprr. Anu, on 6uyjeauo 3aApxao 14 clrHrafMy ,,rcao da".3auro? Ynpaeo sa-To urro rboMe Ha3Haqyje neuro rxro ce flpoHzura3lt flocne[poAy6JbeHrjef, a He 3ApaBopa3yMcKor ryMaqena (xojeTepMr,IHe ,,Kao na" u ,,rperllocrBKa" tyMauu Kao Jlorlrqxenojuone unrl npeMllce). Ilpogy66euHj uv ryua'rerbeM yBr4-t)a ce ta ra aHrr4re3a (necrnopeua cno6oAa - Bor) vua,,Kao 4a" yaxewe jep - (a) oHa je yclosHa (Heua anconyr-Ho Baxer6e) H yienlo peq"xna (uuje utryzuja uero onur); jep- (6) oua uehe 6urn yHlrrxreHa ueh npeenadaaa (,,Auflre-bung") y nocle4rroj uucrepnju Borouaqlacrsa r4rr4 Un-grunda (Mysterium Magnum). A gsauo ga ra uracrepzjaMr.rcrep raj e, nperr,ra Bepf aj eBy, rroApa3yMeB a ecxaronoruKy[epcleKrr,rBy ocrBaperba I{apcrua EoNjer, raAa he Bor 6u-rv cBe y cBeMy (ta tu u y Ungrundu!?). Axo ce Banouy uerrpr.rcryrrrr Ha raj uauran, rAe ce Ungrund ilocraBJba r,r Kaonp aocHoB :a yj e4ranene aHrrlrerr{rr Kux pelaquj a (yrryqy-jyhu u oAHoc HecrBopena cno6o4a - Eor), on4a cle4ehuHyxoou ynnr Banony Mopa ycneAlrrr4) a oH ce, :6r.r.na, Ba-noHy He Moxe fiocraBuru. Hyxooe yrrvr rnacv:,,... aro jeaHTlrre3a uruely Eora u HecrBopeHe clo6oAe caMo [per-nocraBKa, samroje, oHAa, norpe6no 4a 6yAe npeBnaAaHa yronau uoj rraracrepuj u BoNaHcrsa (EPNF, | 7 2)?"

Hanoclerry, Hyxo npe4laxe corrcrBeHu xpu.repnjyrr,r3a rtp[na3aK 3Haqe]btlMa ] reba o Ungrundu durr{ Hecrso-

68

penoj cno6ogu. Taj rpurepnjyu je 3acHoBaH Ha rIpI'IMary

,,ersrcreuultjarHor" ouI,ITa. ,,Eepfajee je uucao Kao ersl'I-creHqrajalncra }1 Mopa ce Kao raKaB qhrrarvl raro 6ncuo rapa3yMenr,r. Y nporunnou, rrorpeluHe npeAcraBe o IseroBoMMrrrrrrberby HeMI{HoBHo rpoficrl.{qy" (EPNF, 17 3, 17 5-17 6).3axna+yjyhu roMe, oH ylo3opaBa Ha oHToJIorI{crI'rqKI'Irpr,rcryn y ryMarrelby. Taxas rrpllcryrr, IroHoBHMo, BoAIIroMe Aa ce Ungrund canleAaBa Kao HeKaKBa ,,[peAMer-uocr" (Gegenstiinde), MaKap I{ najcy6lurr,ruuja. Mefyruu,KpHTr.rKa oHroJlorlrcrlztlKor flpIacryua He cMe uhra pyry no,upyKy ca aQnprraaunjoru LI3BecHor,,eruIacteHqujilnHor pe-

AyKrIl4oHrr3Ma" npeMa Ungrundu. Taj u rarae peAyKut'IoHI'I-3aM u3parba y cleAeherr,r Hyxoonort ucKul3y:

Kaaa BeplajeB Kaxe: 'cno6oAaje HecrBopeHa', oH Ha-npocmo* cMarpa KaKo qoBeK jecre clo6ogau jeAuuoyKoJrr4Ko je nerona clo6oAa cavoo.upefeua; Aa je oncy6jexr jeanHo aKo ce IbItMe Ire MaHl,Irrynuue Kao Aaje 'crnap'(EPNF, 173)

Taj ucxa: cBaKaKo jecre ravau. Melyrnu, [oluro I'I3-6erseuo 3aMKy oHToJIorl,IcrtrlKor rtouMalba Ungrunda(ynaxaaajyhu 4a ro nuje HeKI4 ens realissimum), He cMeMozalopanuru \ara a, qaK I{ Ha H[Boy erllrcrenurajannor ry-Maqeba (Ungrund je 4oxunrajHa, a He euuuprajcro-paurl-oH€rJrHa crnapnocr), ocraje qfiIbenlrqa o4peleHe BpcrecnNr6ora.rxor ,,6tttuKd' xoja rpaxu cnojy ouroroumy (ueoHroJrorrzcrrrvry) carr.rcQarryIjy. 9aK n aro Ungrund nujeBl1whe y oHroJIorxKoM cMHcJry, Ungrund u/nnH necraope-ua cro6o.4a ocraje Heurro urto ,,nocroju", a cBaKo nocroja-rue (vax I4 ,,HaA-nocrojarre"), nolens-volens, I'IMa HeKaKaBoHToJrorIIKr,I I,IJILI MeraoHToJIoIrIKI,I craryc wttu,,cy6svtcretr-nocr". Ha oBoM Mecry napa.{oKcanHa npl4poAa Ungrundanocraje HaporrnTo yfieqarJbllBa, ua Ungrund tl Atube, KaKo6u xasao Kaur, rpe4craBJba npo6neM 3a r{ucrl4 (pa.g)yt"t.

69

flpe nero urTo HacTaBr,rrrao, cyrr,rnpajrrao 3aKJbyqKe ABe,,urKore" ryMaqena c o6suponr Ha HAeHTI,ITeT cl,rnr6ona Un-grunda la/uflr{ Hecrsopese clo6oAe.

Banonos rplrcryr 3acryna cleAehe: (l) Ungrund jeBpxyHcKa crBapHocr xoja npenacxoAr{ cBaro oApeberreBl6uha, npeMla y roM ,,MeraoHToJrourKoM" crarycy oHnpeAcraBJba He caMo HeAoK)tr{r,rBy rpaHcueHAeHrry Mucre-pujy eeh r,r3Bopr.rrrrre yrpaBo uBl6uha; (2) YHrpyu4 je cne-qzja.rua ,pautrcao" xoja 4orryrura jeAnucrno HecrBopeHecno6oAe u Eora, lylyhu Aa ce aHTr4TerrrqKr,r oAuoc uerraefyIbI{x yKLIAa yrrpaBo saxna-rsyjyhr,r Ungrundu, y rojeu rziraajysajegunur<o roperuro. Ungrund je crora rareropuja rojanarta orvroryhyje u je4uo Lr apyro: Aa Bofa carJreAaBaMo KaoHepacK[Ar4Bo [oBe3aHor ca clo6oAolr, u 4a cno6o4y Bw!.vr-Mo Kao 6oxancry crBapHocr; (3) HecreopeHa clo6o4a uujeaHTr.rrerl,IrrKr.r cynporcraBJbeua Eory, na cTora Ungrund ueTIOBJIAq14 OHTOJIOIUKI'I AYTNI.I3AM.

Hyroon rprcryrr 3acryra cleAehe: (l) Ungrund Hraxa-Ko He Moxe 6uru onrolorrrKr,r o3ByqeHa xareropnja. Un-grund Hnje Hr.trrrra Apyro Ao o3HaKa 3a erur.rcreHqrajalHyqllrbeHl,I{y ,ua cno6o4a jecre clo6oAa aKo, r4 caMo aro, unjeHrlrrr4M ycnoBJbeHa. ,{axle, Ungrund je cuu6o,ruraur,rja er-:zcreuuujanHor 4oxnnnaja-HcKycrBa y xojerr,r cno6oAa6nna nornpleHa Kao a[coJryrHa carraoogpefeuocr, rojoj Hra-rura He nperxoAlr r,r rojy nraura He aerepMr,rHr{rue.

flocroju Jrr,r cJrrrrqHocr r.r:rvrefy ra ilBa epMlrHeBTruKanpucryna? Aa. O6ojwua, n Banog u Hyno, cauracHr cy Iaje Un-grund o3Hara 3a HecBoArrBocr crBapuocru cno6oAercoja ce, raxo, nna.nuQuryje xao [pr4MapHa crBapHocr y oA-Hocy Ha crBapHocrv ruro r,r3 me 6r.rnajy r,r3BeAeHe. Ouu, rr,ra-rle-Blrme eKcurrrur.rrHo, upuxnarajy aa je Ungrund un-craHrla roja rapaHryje cno6oAy cno6oAr4. Taxofe, o6ojraqa6r ce cloxralu aa Beplajenreaa Sr,urocoQuja nnje rapa-xeHa oHToJIolxKI4M Ayulrfi3MoM, 14 Aa je ,,Ayanv3aM" Un-grunda uJunvr uecrsopeHe cno6o4e npeMa Eory r./ruru cee-Ty caMo cnu6ollruxor pe4a.

70

llocroju JII,I upnMerHa pa3JII{Ka r,rsrraefy re ABe Bpcreryuaverra? ,{a. Jep, c je4He crpaHe, Barou Ungrund uuarBr,rAr,r Kao r4Becl{y oHTOJIOIIIKI,I peneBaHT[ry cmgapHocm,rr,rarap je [or4MaJII{ il Kao Mema--oHTonolltKy. C 4pyre crpa-ue, Hyro cMarpa aaje ro o3HaKa 3a er3llcreHuuja.lno xoH-KperaH AoxueDaj rlpBeHcrBa cno6oAe, I,I - HI'IIUTa BIIUe.

Mefyrlru, KaKo roA noI,IMaJIH crBapnocr o3HaqeHycuru6oror.r Ungrunda, ocraje rnpAa qrlbeHl,Iqa aa BeplajercMarpa Aa Ungrund, y (r'.rera)oHroJlotuKoM u (uera)loruu-KoM cMr4cJry, npemxodu u Bory u Eoxnjervr crery. 3aro Me-KJrixJraHoBa npuue46a I,r Ailbe Baxll Kao BeoMa peJIeBaHT-Ha: ,,... [ocraBlrrlr Ungrund u3gau* Eoxancxor )KI'IBoraHMa MaJro cMr4cJra aKo nprrxBarllMo oHo urro je EepfajenApyrAe Ka3ao o rlpBeHcrBy cno6oAe" (DTG, 737 , n. 62).3a-ro raj cuu6oJII{rIKH BI,IIuaK, To lpecl4nalbe ,,u3BaH", Hacra-Brba Aa [puBnaqn llaxtby KpI,ITl,IKe.

(E) llpuronopu )qelby o Ungrundu

llr nepcuerurBe flpaBocJlanue reonoruj e Eeplaj enrse-BoM yqerby o Ungrundg Moxe ce ynyrI,IrI,I HajMabe AeBeros6uJbrr[x flpnroBopa.4) OHr.r cnaaajy y AoMeH AofMarono-ruxe (i. e. ,,rpaHclleH,qeHrHe") KpLITLIKe. Tarole MoxeMoyBecrlr najuarre joru jenaH rlp[roBop, l.I ro HeKoxepeHrHo-crr{ Tor yqerba. Taran npuroBop cnaAa y AoMeH nof[qKe (1.e. ,,r,rMaHeHTue") rpuutxe. 3a cBI'IX Aecer rlpuroBopacrrpeMHr,r cMo xa3aru KaKo cy ueug6exnu. To saxu qaK I'I ycBerny craBoBa Eep! aj e ey xo ureu nj annux ryMaqa.

(1) V.rerce o Ungrundu I4JIH HecrBopeuoj cno6ogu yeo-

Ar,r u3BecHo ,,uag6oxancxo" saqelo. To gnaqu Aa cMo rH-Me cyoqeHfi ca oHToJIoIUKI,IM OrpaHI{qeIbeM y oAHocy Ha

ot HHne*rrap rJraBHIrx pa3nuKa uruefy Eeplajenrsere xpuruhaxcxe$nnocofrujd u npanocnaeHe teonoruje npyxa u 9aycu,4I'rcora y o6-nnxy urecr npuroBopa. Cf.: 9aycuAllc, T., Ilozted ua petuzujctq uu-cao Huxonaj a Eepfiaj eea,,,lpatuna", 27 11990, 93-109.

7l

Bora. To je aorMaroJrouru o6lr,rr flpufoBopa za dyanusatt.IIar n xaAa Eepfajen Kaxe KaKo oH Hr.rKaKo He 3acryna oH-ToJrolxKr4 EyurvgaM, ocraje uurrenn:qa Aa oH cBeAoqr.r o [o-crojanyjegue Eory npenocrojehe crBapHocrrr. Y rov clru-cJry, HecyMrbnao je xaxo ra crBapHocr (naarap je ua:ra.nrzBeJrr{KoM Mucrepzj ou, ersracreuqlrj aJrHr{M [oraf aj enr, ne-rrcpeqrrBr{M Ees4anoru) jecre nad-pefena Eory, xojz ur recrBapHocrr.r 6zna lrrne4eu, a ne o6parno.

(2)Vuajyhn Ha yMy npnrrae46y (1), uoxeuo Aocrrerlr lrno yBv!.a xojr,r Harnauyje u3BecHo orpaHr.rqerbe ceer\4ohr4 ucBe3Harba Bora. ,,Bor Crropnrer je cneuohau naA 6nheu,wu wuje yeer cneuohaH HaA ue6uheu" (Oqn, 36). C,rr,rv-Ho roMe, Eep$ajen eKclJrlrur{THo Kaxe KaKo Bor ue sHaurra he r{oBeK yqnHr,rrrr y cBoM crBapz}naqxoM oAroBopy Hanoszs lLerose 6oNancre Jby6ayu (CCT I, 8l). Jep, u uo-BeK rrMa KopeHe y HecrBopeHoj u npenocrojehoj cno6o4n,y xojoj y.recrnyje Ar4perrHo: 6es uocpe4nuxa.klz rr4x piB-Jrora Mox(eMo 3aKJbyrrnrlr KaKo KoA Eeplajena $ynrlrpa na-BecHa,,roApefeuocr" (subordinatio) Bora npenocrojehojclo6o4tr, rra ro MoxeMo Ha3Barr4 meocy6opduuqquoHu-3MOM.

(3) Yvene o Ungrundu r4Jl.r HecrBopenoj clo6o4u yno-Ar.r r43Becr{y ,,pofeHocr" Cyurre Ceere Tpojraqe. Bes o6zuparuro BeplajeB yno3opaBa Aa ce rr4 oAHoclr parnrajajy y nev-Hocrrr, w ga je ,,pofenocr" TeK Ml4ToJroruxo-cuu6olrqruHaqrlH onlrcr{Balba yHyrap6oxancxrx o.tlHoca, Kao u oAHo-ca Cnere Tpojuqe rpeMa yHrpyHAcKoM llpau:nopy, ocrajexao seuo6urHa ql,IrbeHurla KaKo oH l,IcnoBe.[a aa CBeraTpojzqa ,,Lr3Bvpy" u ,,pa\ajy" ce r,r3 rbriMa npenocrojeherUngrunda. Taxsn [cxa3u lr rbrrxoBe rrocneAr{ue Hanaxy AaEeplajenreny ,rloKrpl.rHy carneAaMo r4 Kao r.r3BecHvr napa-mpuHumapu3cw, rI.e yJrory u AocrojaHcrBo Jluqsocru Oua(0e69 b nacilp) - CneApNurena, Po.{nrera, Hcxo4ure-Jba r.rnaK flpey3r.rMa Ungrund. 3aro ce naoNe pehz 4a y Eep-

72

fajenrenor'a yqemy, roje onrau oAcryla o4 Huxejcro-ua-plrfpaAcKor cr,rMBoJra (tlnan I), Qyurnpa r43BecHrI a(nmu)-M O H A pXU3 CW, rapilJreJrHo ca r43B ec HI,IM m e o e oHu3M oM .

(4) Yvene o Ungrundu rrJru HecrBopeHoj cro6oau yno-Al4 rr3BecHy ,,parnojnocr" t,ln]r ,,[pouecyalHocr" y EuheCyurre Cnere Tpojuqe. HasHauyjyhu xaro Cnera Tpojuqace6e rer uuajy ta pezurlrsujy y ny:avrHn, saxna;ryjyhu He-npecraHoM aKryzrnrno Barr,y uorenur.rj a Ungrunda, Bep! aj enrpaArrqrtoHiurno yqelbe o rnHpoMI4 (nl'f propcx tig0e6qtog) Cnere Tpojnue npeuuauyje y AltjanexurKy crrl-qarba [yHI.{He ycneA IrcBecHor AeQnqltTa ocrBapeHocrl,I yBory - Ceeroj Tpojuuu. Tarofe, ronopehr.r KaKo cy Ko-cMrrrrKr{ [openaK u (rrrera)ucropnjcrz Epouec ycnoBJbeHu uqoBeKoM, u namaruanajyhu yaje paenoj rBopeBr4He 6ofo-qoaeqaHcKu npoqec, Eeplajen ce6e u3raxe npurcBopy AaorpaHurraBa 6oNr.rjy cBeMoh yMalLrrBarbeM npeBeqne caMo-,uocrarHocrr,r Bora, a cBe ro y urue rpnjaAolourxe n/uru6oroqoseqaHcre aujzurerrure,,pataoja". Te nocre.qnqeMoxeMo r.rMeHoBarr{ raKo ruro henro pehu aa Eeplajenrenoyqerbe He cnpeqaBa crpyjarue il3BecHoF mpujadonowrcoe),eaory4uoHu3.Ma" (npeu4a 3HaMo Aa je Eeplajer ycrreluHoocl]opr4o 6nocoquonourKr{ AapBr{Hr,r3au). [o rora aoJriBl4crora rrrro Eeplajen nxonouuje Eoxr.rjrx quHoBa rlpeMacBery u qoBeKy npojerryje Ha caMy EoNt{y Cyruruny,clnrarpajyhu KaKo ce ra o rroj rpe6a craparrl, IIIro je rarvrenannaHoBa KoJnrKo r.r un4r.rraqlrja s6pre. Eepfajen npaBvJIHoynraSa raxo reoJrorrrKr,r eceHq[janusaM yKr4Aa uoryhHocro6j anrmena Eoxuj er crBapanarurB a. Atru, KpI,ITI,IKa reoJlo-umor eceuqujuurrr3Ma HI,IKaKo He 3HaqI,I Aa Eora urra Boxz-jy Cyruruny rpe6a 3aMr4cJu.rrrl Kao jecracrna roja :axrena-jy ;;parnoj" lanu npoJra3e Kpo3 rlera. Beplajenneny no3l{-qr.rjy ua oBoM Mecry oa6auyjy npaBocnaBHrl reoJIo3I{.flperu4a ce ra nosnquj a Hurar3rr y 1twzunu ruIeAI,IrrITa 3a-TIaAHIIX ,,[poqec-TeoJrofa", KaKBI,I cy, peuI,IMo, AlQpea H.

aaIJ

Bajrxea (Alfred N. .Whitehead) unv 9aprc Xapruropn(Charles Hartshorne).*o

5) Yvene o Ungrundu finlr HecrBopenoj clo6o4lr yno-Ar,I I43BecHy ,deuujypeusa4ujy" Bora, rraK y Kp[flroflJraro-Hr.rcrr4r{KoM cMr.rcny. Hauue, upeua Eepfajeny, Eor crBapaTaKo uITo, y3 ,,capaArby" l,t ,,caulacHoct" HecrBopeHe cJIo-6oAe, oAsocno Ungrunda, clo6oAno anrya.nr.r:yje oHo lrrroje xao norenqzjaluocr rarcofe r4 HeKo ,,Hr,r-[]Ta" (oru-ue-rocrojehe). ,,Clo6o4a Hraura(nula) je upncrala Ha Eoxu-jy rnopennny..." (OHII, 3l). Mefyrrm, oHor l.aca Ka2LaEeplajen ,,ycJroBLr" Eora ueycloBJbr,rBoM clo6o4ol.r n, ra-ruu, roj clo6oAr.r 4a ca4pxaj y Bvr1y 6ecrpajnux uoryhno-cru Ungrunda - rof uaca s5unajy ce ABe crBapn: (a) no-craBJba ce Heuro (rr,rarap ra 3Bzurr{ r.r Huurra) Ha ocHoBy qe-ra Eor crBapa (ananorlro flraroHosoNa ,{errarajypry, cf.: Tu-uaj,30 A-B), u AoJra3lr ao (6) pauraonanurauuje ruucrepzjeBoNancxor creatio ex nihilo. He nouaNe Hr,r ro rrrro Bepfa-jen ynosopaea KaKo Ungrund uJrr.r MeoHHrrKy cno6o4y necMeMo Ap)Karr4 3a oHToJrotrrKa HaqeJra KoJa cy cy[porcTa-BJbeHa wrwr ca-nocrojeha Eory. Jep Eepfajeu, yrpKoc ro-Me, nocrynr{pa 6ecxpajHe uoryhnocru ca4pxaja Ungrundaroje Eor He Moxe yxlrHyrrr Hr.rrr,r cacBr.rM o6yjrur.rrra. Crora,Ungrund uarHauyje npaucKoHcxe uoryhuocrn, a oHe, Ha-A€Lrbe, crBapajy cneulrjanHr4 orflop vlv nat ,,KocMrrrrKorpebe" (cosmic friction), xaxo $oprrrylurue Xayapa Cnejr(PSE, 65). ,{arue, Eeplajenreeo ,,Hurrra" r.rnax je ,,ue-urro", veruy on .qaje var r,r nojuonue oape46e (e. g. ,,ueo-Huuro"). C o6slporra Ha re uMnJrr{rcaur,rje, He3HarHy yrexy4aje yun4 y qnlbeHruy 4a je ynpano Eeplajen npery3eoBI.rc [peny Kpr.rrr,rKy,,coQ noloruror AerepMr,rHusnaa" (,{HC,221 etalia) Cononjoea, Olopencxor nnu Eynraxona, a xojuce npojanr.ro y opraHr.rr{KoM frerby o cnejeAnncrny (All-Einheit). V crnapn, Eepfajeey ce Moxe ynyrl.trr{ npeKop

a6 Kline,,G.eorge L., Berdyaev, Nicolas, cf.: ,,The Cambridge Dictio-nary ofPhilosophy", Cambridge University Press, 1996, 71.

-

74

cJrr4qaH oHoM rrrro je ynyhen coounourKoM yqelby, peuu-MO, BynraKoBa.

Kpnrraryjyhu Bylraxona, BLrHcron Kparvr (W. F.Crum) pacxpuna npo6leu rcoju ysHervrnpaBa 14 KoA Bepfaje-na:,,FylraxoB ueny Bacerreny - rojaje rpel{yrHo y 'nocra-

iarry' - [ocMarpa rao jeAau ofpoMaH npouec. To je nosu-rnBaH npouec: crBapatLe, eMaHaurja, pealuraurja noreH-qr,rja(nHocrn), opraHcKI,I pacr, o6oxene, clacer-be L4IwI t4c-[yrtaBarbe JIeIIoroM. Kaxas ron aa je Moaen, nocpean jecauo jeAna re ucra creap. Jep, nocrojn caiuo jeAau cxyneJreMeHara,-uro'npoucxoae'. [Luxos npaBau Ha:uavyjeCo$uja...".' 14 Hrlroraj Jlocru npuuehyje npo6neu rojr,rce, no aualorr.rjn, Moxe rpeHeru ua SepfajeBa: ,,[peMaEynraxony, TBapHa AeJrarHocr uoxe 6lrru HoBa caMo ycMrrcny 'Mo4era', ro jecr jeduuo MoJrce npemsapamu Mo-zyhe y cmeapuo*. Ha4axHyhe rBapu caMo no ce6n je He-cnoco6Ho Aa yHece 6uro urra oHToJIoIIIKI,T Hoso y 6t*ie uo6oraru pe€L.rnocr HoBr{M ca4pxajuua" (I4PO, 305).

,(o4yrue, Eeplajen 6w utcucrupao Ha roMe Aa oH, 3apa3nr.rKy oA Eyrraxosa, ue npejyAuul{pa Hr4 epcry uu 6pojlro4ela-uoryhHocrn rrrro ce I,I3 HeorpaH[qeHor 6es4auaUngrunda 4ajy arryarn3oBarr.{, ro Jecr, ,,lperBoplrrri ycrnapHo". Yroruro, novum HIrJe ycnoBJbeH Hurr4ofpaHr{qeH rrpeAeTepMr4HLrcaHI4M 14 yHalpe.4 3aAarrrM,,Mo4eruMa". I4nax, cdrr,r Ungrund, 6yayhu 4a jecrenocrynr4paH 14 y HeKy pyrcy olpefeH, Qynxuuonil[re KaoyHr,rBep3zrnHr.r ,,MoAeJr no4era". ,{pyruu peqrlMa, oHo ruroHr,rKaKo He Moxe 6uru Hoeo I4nI{ npoMelbeuo jecre cdvUnsrund.

ot Crunr, Winston F., Sergius N. Bulgakov: From Marxism to Sophio-/ogXr, ,,St. Vladimir's Theological Quarterly", (27) lll983, 24. Toetnpo6,renay rpncrynr,rJru cllo y: Jly6apanh, Eorlau M., XpuwhaucxaQunoco@uja oqa Cepzeja Eynzarcoea u yr4erbe o CoQuju - usuefiyCoSuje u co$uonozuje, cf.:ype4. B..Jepo.ruh u P Topfennh,,Canpe-MeHocr pycKe perurujcre tllr:rocot[uje", fyren6eprona rararcuja,Seorpas, 2002, 183137.

75

Orarr JosaH MajeuaopS (Fr. John Meyendorff) orKpr4-Ba KaKo acoqrajarlraja Eeplajena ca corpuolorurvra (ynpxocrberoBoM AucraHrlrparby oA rlux: e. g. OEM, 130), xao r.rBe3a ca Eeueou, nporr3BoAe: ,,... rreroBe reurxohe ca yqe-rbeM o crBaparby xoje cy 6rure cnojcreeHe cBrlM coQuolo-:r,rnra. Melyu.rM, oH fiopeKno qoBeKa nr,rje suAeo y crBap-Hocrr,r cyrrcraHqr.rjalue v HecrBopeue llperr.ry.upocru (Co-$nje - aym.) aero y Cno6oau roja oHronoruKu nperxoAr4 rrcdvorr.r Eory [...] ropenz qoBeKoBe r[rrHocrr4 r clo6oAeraKo cexy ao Uhrgrunda xojn je usnau uln z:ua4 Eora,urro je yverue roje nonnyuo* pacKr4aa ca 6u6nnjcrcnu or-rpHeemeM.""o

(6) Y.rene o npor43Hr,rKnocru Eora ns Ungrunda, cayqebeM o 6esrpenHou Xplrcry, roju je4r.rnu unje novlruuorpex rxro BoAlr y rraAarle AyxoBHor cBera y o6jerrunaqzjy,cHaiKHo noAceha Ha rHocrr4qKo yqerbe o ruurr4M ,,eoHr4Ma",oAHocHo Ha AoKrpr4Hy o naloj CoQuju (Achamot). 3a pa:-JIITKy oA npaBocnaBHe xpnruhancxe AoKrpr.rHe, ganaxa Mn-xaur CeprejeB, .,... FHocrvruvt, y3 uarue napzjaunje, craa-pabe cBera npnxa:yjy Kao 'nan Co$uje' xoja ce Moxe r{c-Kynr{rn saxnalyjyhn cnacemcxoj AeJrarHocrr.{ Xpncra [. . . ]nopeKno sna [...] y rHocrlrqr43rvry npwnracyje ce Kpr4Br4rll,rue6ecxor eona - Corfrju, roja uoxe 6vrru xagpa aa cnojyrpeuKy uc[paBr4 Kpo3 qr,rH caMor,rcKynJbena y Xpncry.""'flocne v3yuaBarba Beplajeerseeor onyca, crt4qe ce yrvca:r.raxo Cyurra Caera Tpojr.rqa, oAHocHo Jlonoc EoNaju -Xpucroc, rasepuraaajy ynofe cflacerbcKr.rx,,nocpe4HzKa,'usuefy rirJror lt Herr€lJror eona: u:uefy Ungrunda z o6jer-Tr4BrrpaHor cnera. fioqyure, 3a pa3nnKy o4 ruocruxa, Bep-

fajen nag He cxBara Kao oHronouKr.r yAec neh xao AyxoB-Ho-rrr4r{Ky rpare.qujy sa xojy AAau u rberoBlr noroMul,lrvropajy npey3errr oAroBopHocr. fla rrnar, xo4 EeplajenaMoxeMo AereKToBarr,r n o4peleue ce4r,rruenraqraje HeozHo-cmuqu3Ma.

(7) I4axo je noryuraaao Aa us6erse pauuonanusauujyEoxancrnx rajna, na u rajue crBaparba, Beplajen je unaxH cdru uo.ruHro sui generis paqnonanuraqr.rjy. llorynana-iyh, rc oApeAH 36r,rBal6a y ynyrap6oxaHcKoM xuBory co6ruporvr Ha crBapabe, Eepfajee je y zsneuroj Mepr roqlr-Hrro ynpaBo oHo rrrTo Je HaJMarbe xeJreo: HarrMe, Kpunmo-rcamaQamuurcy paquoHaru3at4ujy Boxwjer Euha. Kaxo nplt-rrlelyj e IJej rllc B ep narr,r :

floesra xoja ce Mopa pa3Morpvrv y Be3v ca Eepfaje-BJbeBr4M flpnxBararbeM Eeueone reopraje jecre cre4e-ha: ,{a nu locrojn riJrn He uocroju JrorrlqKa rrporl.rB-peqHocr y yr{e}by o cmeopenoj* clo6oAr.r. Jep, Eepfa-jenrena rBpArba KaKo rrporlrBpeqHocr ry nocrojrz je-cTe rrpecyAHa 3a rberoBo 3acryflarbe cBor rJreAl[r]Ta[...] Teruxo je cloNnrn ce KaKo je Eeplajea rro roMnuralby y rrpaBy. flannu pa3nor je urro rrru nu ng6lu-3a HncMo clrfypHr,r 4a jacuo 3HaMo o qeMy 3a[paBo ro-BoprrMo KaAa roBopr{rtro o EoNr.rjeru crnapaBy [...]alu, rarofe ce Mopa [prrnHarr4 [a MV Hw us6rusa uu-cMo cr{rypHr,r Aa 3HaMo rura ce xohe Ka3aru KaAa roBo-pr.rMo o creatio ex nihilo. To, napanno, orexaBa HaruecJrararbe ca craBoM KaKo 3aMrlcao o creopeuoj cro6o-Ar,t [oBnartt,I flporr.rBper{Hocr [...] Teuro je o.uynperrlce npunae46u Ea ce rpa1nur,roHilJrHo yqerbe Moxe urpe6a 6paHr.rrra o4 BepfajeBJbeBor Harlara, r4 ro Ha 6a-3vt Lrervtx apryMeHara roje on Kopr.rcrr,r y npunorUngrunda. 3auucao o Boxr,rjeru crBapaby u caMa[peAcraBJba rraucrepujy. Hnurra Marbe oA 3aMlrcJrlr oUngrundu, r{ oHa npeAcraBJba rpaHlrqny uaejy (RTBS,36)

a8 Meyendorff, Fr. John, Creation in the History of Orthodox Theo-I o gt,,.St. Vl adimir's Theological Quarterly", e, li I 983, 32-33 .

l' Sgrgeeu, Mikhail, Sophiological Themes in the Philosophy of Niko-lai Berdiaev, cf.: .,Transactions of the Association of Ruisiin-hmeri-can Scholars in the U.S.A.", vol. XXIX, 1998,59-72 (abbr.: STpNB).

76 77

(8) Vuene o Ungrundu Hnrl HecrBopenoj cno6o4ra yeo-rv HeoxyMaHucmuqKe reuAesquje y Eeplajen-meBy xpu-ruhaucry $ruroco$rajy. O .reuy je ravuo pev uocrahe ja-cnuje npexo pa3Marparba cneAehe ABe rocneAuue yHrpyH-AOnOrr{e.

(a) Ilpea rocneAlrrla ce npojaanyje y Br4iy cnequQnq-uor ysduzuyha (elevatio; exaltatio) qoBeurrBa. To nocrajeruoryhe ycneA qrdneHlrrre Aa qoBerrrrBo, [peMAa jecre crBo-peHo, r4[aK Hocrr Hecmaopeuy clo6ogy y ce6u. To gnaqlr AaqoBeK, jeguaxo xao u Eor, r,rMa Ar{peKTaH rrprrcryrr y ,,H9-creopeue" ocuoBe Er,rha. A ro flpr{Bnarr[ creAehu ynur: yverr,ry je 3arpaBo pa3ruKa (differentia specifica) nsr'refy uo-BeKa rr Eoro.{onera-Xpucra? Arco Bep\ajeB AocnoBue rBp-Alr Aa qoBeK noce4yje HecmaopeHy clo6oAy, vr aKo ilocrroB-rle rBpA4^Aa qoBeKoBa r,mocrac (nnvuocr) jecre ,,6oforroBe-qaHcKa"'u (reaH4prajcxa: r{PC, 57) u ,,6orocrauoecra" (6o-rocbrHoBH{r: OEM, 201) - rr ro ycneA 6ocrcaucxoe crarycaxoju Eepfajen npunucyje ,,eucroM" rroBerurBy (Aa nu r.rno-cracr4 qoBeKa? \a tw npnpoAr,r qosexa? zru n je4uona rapyrou?) - vt aKo AocnoBrle rBpAr,r Aa yHyrpaurne EnheCnere Tpojr,rue caApxr,r,,flpeBeqHo qoBeurrBo" (XpucronoLr ,parr4M" 'roeexono) - onda pa3nr,rKa usrr,lefy Eora u qo-BeKa rexl,I ,qa ce ,,To[u" lls oHtoflo[rxe (necreopeHa I,Ino-arac v HecrBopeHa cyurr{Ha Boxraja vis-d-vis crBopeHeunocrac[ 14 crBopeHe npnpoAe ,{oBeurBa) y - emuuKy(6er rpeurl.r Eoroqoser vis-d-vi s rperrrHo voeeurrno). I,Isy-seruo je 3aHHMJbI,tBo orIa3[TI,t KaKo ce ra vcra rpeluKa Aa-ne pe$lexryj e, aJMy rpeoKpeHyroM BrrAy. Haraue, Mopan-Hy r,r TeoueHTpH.rHy oAroBopHocT qoBeKa 3a cTBap€uarrK[vnn nag(oa)pefyj e naarrlop aJrHa w aHTponorreHrpr.rqHa oH-roJroruKa aymououuja qoseKa/qoseuJrna, xojy yrnplyjecBaKr4 qr4H crBapanarurBa - Ha y[rrp6 1^rerra oraua Ilpree

50 Eepfajen, Huxonaj A., O voeexoeou poncmsy u cno6odu, npeBoA:Jbnnawa Joranonnh, Xogio, K3HC, HosH CaA, 1991, 57 (abbr.:qPc).

78

roju crnapalaqKy cnoco6nocr cro6oAe qoBeKa oApebyjyrao dap, a He Kao ayroHoMHy lr oA Bora He3aBLIct{y c[o-co6uocr qoBeqaHcKe flplrpoAe (humanitas).

CreAcrseuo, Boroqoeex-Xpllcroc je 6eszpewau u nn-je o4crynno oa npeBeqHor [o3lrBa Oqa, rojra rpaxn:ajea-Hr.ruy ny6ann; AoK je uoaex-A4aM rpe[IaH, ycJIeA rlorl4-6erue rnoynorpe6e cnoje eore, ql,rMe oAcryna oA rlcrorrro3r,rBa ne6ecxor Oua. To je, uunu ce, roroBo jeauna 6ur-Ha pa3nr{Ka Xpncra u qoBeIIIrBa, nper,aa Bepfajeny. IIIro ce,,crBopeHocrl4" .IoBerrrBa rllqe, BiLIra 3Harll KaKo ce, npe-rraa Bepfajeny, z Xpucroc u Aaau ,,nojanryjy" y npe6eu-HoM cBery AyxoBHor nocrojana. Hecreopenocr crzua Bo-xujer - Xpucra rr crBopeHocr rby^r4, y maKBoM KoHreKcry,ry6u pearnrer KBaJrr{TarrrBHe pirnr4Ke. To sHa.Iu Aa ce rll-Me KoMyHr,rKaquja (communicatio) rasrtrefy Eoxascxor nqoBeqaHcKol HeAo3BoJbeHo,,crefl eHyje" ra, yjeAno, pacrBa-pa ,,ueu6paHa" xoja nsrrlefy ABe npllpoAe cBaKaKo nocrojr,r(i. e. HecrnopeHocr Boxancror rr crBopeHocr qoBerlaH-cror).

Taran sarnyraK, y cM[cny 6pwcawa cylrrnHcKe AIr-Qepenuuje, cyrepr4re Mr.rruel BaloH u, napovnro, IJopuCunep (George Seaver). Alu, ua Haure vyfeme, oHI4 noxBa-rsyjy Beplajesa s6or ,,xyMaHr,I3oBana" Xpucra u o^6auu-Barba ,,ancrpaKTHe" uerarpu:nre XamraAosa. O6ojrua ne-pyjy Aa cy, peulrMo, yqerbe o ,,unocracu" ttlu nax yalelbe o,,npoxnMarby npflpoaa" (communicatio idiomatum) ranpa-Bo r4HTeJre KryturlcrrlqKe HaArpaAlbe urro sararunyj y crB ap-Hy ropyKy ,uorafaja Xpucra. A ra nopyxa, cuarpajy onn,ycMepeHa je na orxpreerbe HoBor qoBeIIITBa rronaohy uo-ce6Hor voaewmla Xpucra xao CuHa Eoxujer.'' Mefyruru,npeMa yqetLluraa (td 6oypuca) I-{prne, 6rncrocr Eora qo-

5' Seaue., George, Nicolas Berdyaev' An Introduction to His Thought,Harper & Brothers, New York, 1950, 15; Vallon, Michel A., An Apo-stle of Freedom: Life and Teachings of Nicolas Berdyaev, Philosophi-cal Library, 1960, 197.

79

BeKy He cMe Aa 3araMrLyJe cyrurr,rHcKy pilnrrxy KoJa rr3Me-by rrrx cBaKaKo nocrojlr: aprQepeuqrjy arrraely HecrBope-He r{[ocracr4 H lpupoAe Jloroca r{ crBopeHr,rx vrnocracr nrrpnpoAe qoBerurBa. CneAeha xprrcronoruKa pe$nercr.rja,rojy usnocz Eeplajen, 3avcra ra-:nauyje ry qyAHoBaryerenaqnj y qoBeurrBa ur u xy Matn3aqr.rj y Eoxancrna :

Jbyacxa JrlrrrHocr je meandpujcrco* 6uhe. Teoros]r heca crpaxoM rrporecroBaru ga je caruo hcyc Xpvcroc6Ho EoroqoeeK: qoBerje nar rBapHo 6uhe u He Moxega 6yrc 6oro-qosex. Alz ra apryrr.renraqnj a ocraje yrpaHr,rqaMa reoJroruror paquoHilnu3Ma. Hera qoBeK unlrje 6orovoneK y oHoM cMucny y xojerra je ro Xpu-croc-BoroqoBeK - Jeduucmeeuu*. Alr.r, y voneny je6ocrcaucxu ene,MeHm*, y lbeMy cy, Ia raKo Kax(eMo,dee npupode* (sicl), y rreMy je npeceuane 4najy cue-rosa. OH y ce6u Hocr{ JrlrK xojr,r je u* ny4cxw u* ruKEoxnju, 14 JbyAcKr4 je nux y ouoj Mepu y rojoj ceocraapyje Boxujr.r rrax. Oea vctwna o qoBeKy Haura3Lrce c oHe crpaHe AorMarcKtrx Qopuyla r,r He Moxe cerbrrMa y nornyHocrr.r noKpr4rn (qPC, 57-58)

(6) {pyra,,HeoxyMaHr.r3yjyha" rocneArirra yHrpyHAo-norlrje [poucxoAr4 r,r3 npBe. Ona ce Aorvqe noMeHyre, ro-ToBo HeorpaHrrqene, aym o n ouuj e qoBerurBa. flapa4orcam-no je ynpaeo ro ruro Beplajeoreuo qoBerrrrBo (ocuaxeHo6oxancxuru npepomrrrBona ayronoruuje) 6nna 3acHoBaHoHa napaArrrMr4 Eoroqoseurna (urro cyrep[ue xerepoHo-ur.rjcxe HaMepe n uanope). Vnpxoc xerepoHorunjcxoj Hanre-pr4, Aorasfl He caMo ao ercarraurzje Jby,[cKor (nocneanuanpna) neh rl Ao sui generis anoreo3e JbyAcKof (nocleAnualpyra). A cee ro onaxaMo y3 cBecr aa je ynpano Beplajennaj nyhu nporr4BHr,rK xyMaH ucrfiq Ke,,4r.rj a.n e rcrrKe lpocBe-rureJbcrBa". Y uaj6oruev cnyrajy, crBapr4 ocmjy xpoHrau-Ho aNr6ueaneurue (cpgtBolia). ,,9ucra voreuHoc.r jecreono 6ocrcaucrco* y vonexy. Y roue Jrexu ocHoBHfi napa-

80

AoKc 6ofoqoBelrlTBa. Vnpano cy H%aeucHocm* mylcxoroA 6oxaucxof, qoBeKoBa cro6oAa, FberoBa crBapanaqKaaKTI,IBHocr - 6oxancru"; wu'.,,BoxaHcKo y uonexy je vo-seqHo..." (HOT, 163). Te neo6uqne rocneAl{qe yHrpyHAo-noruje reKy Kpo3 lberoBy aHrpononornjy. A ratro nocrajynpeAMer 3anaxarba w Mnxawra Ceprej ena:

lllro ce rl{qe qoBelurea [...] ouo AeJIITMLIIIHo cBoje Ko-peHe lrMa y Ungrundu, TaKo Aa, y nocneAmoj uHcraH-qr.r, ce6e 3arlrqe rao sehe o4 Eora, rcojra je uerraohan uecaMo Aa cflpequ gno seh vI Aara yracv. Karo, BepoBar-Ho c npaBoM, rBpArI je.uaH o,a Bepfajenreunx ryMaqa(rtrucnra ce ua flnaruy fajAeuro" - aym.\'npnencrnocno6oAe sa,u, 6uheru y nocne4rroj anarv3vt o3HaqaBarrpBeHcrBo Jby.rlcKor 6uha se caMo Haa cBeroM Beh I{uaA Eorou' (STPNB, 59-72)

Yqeme o [pr{Mary HecrBopeHe clo6oAe, roje uoee-urny Aaje eneBauujy 6es upeceAaua, na noce6an ua'ruu jecrlpefHyro ca Eepfajen$eBnM ) relbeM o ,,npeBeqHoM" 'ro-Berurey XpHcronov, na Ha re Be3e B€uba I,I3HoBa o6parlrrunaxu,y. Jep, u y roM IIoroIbeM y.{eby ayronovuja'roue-ruTBa qyAHOBaro je npeHafJlalrreHa. crora, axo xpucroc,rao Cus Boxujn, npeBeqHo Hocl,I JtIrK qllcror qoBelurBa, IraKo ce, nperrla EepfajeBy, pa3nl4Ka nsuely Xpncra-Jlorocar.r npBoca3Aanor AAaIraa ouuryje npBeHcrBeHo y 6esrpe-rrrHocrrr Xpucronoj (npu uerray ce crBopeHcKocr A4aua pe-lananusyje rBpArLoM ,ua je A.qar'r crBopeH LI3BaH BpeMeHa Irnpocropa, AaruIe y neunocru) - oHdq ce, [opeA 6eN4eos-cKr,rx," cyoqaBaMo ca y[nI{BI,IMa (a) (ueo)opuzeuusua w (6)

52 falaeuro, fluava: MucmuqKu pe*onyquoHapusau H. A. Eepfiajeea(pyc.), cf.: Huxoraj Eeplajen, ,,O naruaueny voaera", Peny6rutxa,Mocxsa. 1993. 16.53 Hn o"Ae ne rpe6a 3aHeMapurlr yrrauaj Eeuea na Bepfajena' Tajyrnqaj ce He ncnoJ.baBa caMo npeKo aoICrpI4He o uecreopeHoj c:ro6o-lra (Ungrund) teh n npero Eeveosor nouMalba o4uoca xpncrororuje

8l

(u eo) uecmopuj auusu a y Bepf ajerneBy,,xprrcroJrorujy vo-BeKa".

Tpar (a) HeooptrfeHlr3Ma-HeoeBarplrj auusrraa BLrLtbvBje npexo [oMeHyre reu4eHqr.rje Aa ce HuBenrrne pa3nrrKaurrr,refy Xpr.rcra u lby\r4. C ruu y Be3r.r yrryrHo je nomeaa-ru 13. aHareMy fleror nacereHcKor ca6opa (553), xoja,Kao aHTrlopr4feHr.rcrlrrrKa o[oMeHa,,,ocy!yj e yqerte rrpeManojeu 'y (Cyanr.r 4an) uehe 6urlr aucolyrHo HrrKaKBe pa3-ruzxe rasuefy yMcrBeHlrx 6uha (l"oytrd), un no cylurrlHz(tfr o0oia) Hrrrr.r tro 3Harby Hr.rrr,r rraK rro cvrv lrnr4 eHeprv-ju wan, BaceJbeHoM. .{y<orra he, 4aue, 6vnn yjelnweHr{ nocyrrrrnHl4 ca Jlorocorll, ynpaBo Kao rrrro je ro aaHac-Xpu-croc 14 qax he IpI{MI,ITI,I lberose crBapiuraqKe cllre'."'o ,{o-Aylue, oralr JonaH Majen4op$ upeqraer4pa KaKo je uacra-ora.r Opureuoe, Eaarpraje, 3a[paBo peKao: ,,Ka4a yru crer-He cyrrrrrrucxo crro3HarLe, raAa he on 6uru H€BBaH Eorou,jep he r.r cav 6nru y crarby Aa yreMeJbr.r pa3HoBpcHe cBero-ne" (XLIX,60).

Tpar (6) ueoHecropr,rjaHr.r3Ma BrrAJbun je npero 'reu-4euqraje Aa ce crracerbe rrprlnr{ue acKercKoM Haflopy r{oBe-rursa. CxoAHo o[IIITeM craHoBr4rrlTy arnnox]rjaqa, ,,...JbyAcKa rrpr4poAa Vcyca Xpwcra jecre cauocnojna: ona jeAo r43BecHe Mepe 3aApxana cnojy cno6oaHy BoJby, ocrBa-pyjyhr4 He3aBr.rcaH pa:noj u AeJrarHocr, alu y je4uHcrBy caJlorocov. Auruoxnjun cy yrpaBo oaoj mydcrcoj* npupo4ranpvnvcanfi 3acJryry 3a Harrre crracene. 9onex Llcyc, npeMaTeo4opy (MoncyecrujcroM - aym.) 'yxuna capapley aa

Jlorocou y cpa3Mepl4 ca cnojnu onpeAeJbelbeM 3a Ao6po'.Hg rarsor ryMarrerba clacelba naKo ce Mory I43BecrIt 3a-KJbyrrqu rojn noro4yjy xyMaHucmwtKoM acKemu3My* xojuqoBeKoBo cnacebe BL4IiU y JIITTIHoM Hanpe3alby sa Ao6po, aBpnr,rny Kao onoHalllane npenryha ruTo ra je ocrBapl,IoVcyc" (XI,i'X,22).

OeAe onaxaMo Heo6FIaH cnoj alexcanApnjcKe I4 aH-ruoxujcre IuKoJIe xpnuhancre MI,IcJIu. Melylzrra,. xaaa jepeu o BepfajeBy, rocpeall cy yrur]ajw Opzreuone" Alex-can4pr{e ra Hecroprajene Aurnoxnje, roje je lpanoclanuaIlpxsa o.4 l4croKa npepafr.rnana fl, KoHauHo, o[6aq.uta vrqaK ocy.u.r.ua. Hraje HI,IM€IIo clyrajno Aa KoA BeplajenarrpoHzrna3HMo To npeKjlallane urrvrefy AI4BepreHTHrrx l,I qe-

cro cyKo6JbeHI,IX reHAeHuuja anercaugpujcre (Aunnnnaa-quja .ronerurea) n anruoxttjcre (xyruaHtlsaquja EoxaH-cror) ruxore reororHje. A-nr.r - gauro? Vnpano 3aro IUrooH He ycfieBa Aa rlocrl,{rHe fipaBl,lnHo I,I ueJloBrlro flpll)(Ba-rabe x€urKr.rAoHcKe reoJIoIJrKe cuHre3e (45 l) xoja je npe-BJraAiIJra eKcrpeMHe reuAeuquje l{ KoHceKBeHIIe O6a 6010-cJroBcKa floKpera.,,EepfajenrseB [perepaHl.I HaDIacaK Haarrunnoj ynosu rojy y AeJry cnacelra trrpa qoBeuITBo, I'I ToKpo3 MlrcTruKo flolrcToBeherre ca JbyAcKoM nplapoAoMXpncra, HeMa oAroBapajyhy noapuxy Cneror ilvcua LroAaje xyllaullcrlltlKe reu4euunje: raj ueo4ronapajyhu na-fracaK Ha JbyAcKoM acneKry I4cKyrIJbeIba rexl4 Aa yqebe oonanroheny pacrBopl{ y yqelbe o (panuonpalwoj - aym.)capagtsu", rcruqe (r.l) Oyaa Hyxo (EPNF, 187). HsrreAa4a je ono npl,IroBop roju clelu rpar npeKopa utro 6u ra,Moxe 6HrI,t, Beplajeny ynyruo vt cBervl Kupulo Alexcan-npnjcra.u aurpono:roruje, o rojerrr Eeplajen cBeaoqu u oBHM r4HArzKarr,rBHr.rM

82 83

To ssaqu 4a je, cynporcranrajyhu ce aHrraoxrjcrojrrlKoJrr{, Kupralo Anercau4pnjcKrl ,,... yrJraBHoM Texr,ro AaHarJIacI4 Aa c[acer6e Aapyje ra ocrnapyje Cyruru Bor. CulacMpTr{ 14 fpexa He Moxe Aa ce no6eAH JbyAcKtrM 3acJryraMarroBeKa Vcyca. Jloroc je ycsojrao JbyAcKy npupoly yrrrdHuB-urn je saucra Cnojov corcrBeHoM [...]kls mux* paurora jecupr Jloroca yr4crvr{y rrcKyrrr,treJbcKa, jep 6u cMpr rroBeKa,MaKap t,t uajnpaee4nr.rjer oA cBlrx, ocraJra [yKa cMpr JbyA-cre j e,[u Hre" (XI4X, 22).

(9) Vvene o npBeHcrBy Ungrunda nnlr HecrBopeHecno6oAe BoAr,r il,rrarby o anepcoHaJtHoM vtrv uad-nepco-HqnHoM MoMeHTy rcojra Ungrund [peAcraBJba, r,r ro Kao cBe-My, na r,r Jrr,rrrHocrr4, nperxoAehe HeAuQepeHu[paHo Haqe-ro. To n[ra]be Moxe ce [ocMa.rparrr rcpos BeplajeBJbeBy4ujarexrlrxy cro6oAe, \yxa v Jrrrr{Hocrl,r. flpeva Eepfaje-By, ayx z clo6oAa ce ysajavHo r.r KpyxHo (petitio principi)AeSunuuty: Ayx je npojaea peiur.BoBaHe cno6oAe, Aox jeclo6oAa v3BaH Alxa ra 6es Ayxa nerraoryha, o,rlHocHoHerplrxBarJrl,rna. 3amu, u clo6oAa r,r 4yx npojaeryjy luu-nocr. Lllrasnrrre, onrr cy y r$ynxuujlr JrlrrrHocHocru,6y[y-hu oar[xosHa ,,cnojcrna" cnoco6Hocru JrrlvHocru Aa Ao-cerHe ayroHouwjy u AuHaMH3aM yHyraprber pasnoja. Me-T1y r wrnr, o rpoMHe rerurohe crBapa Eepf aj enrena HeAoBoJb-Ha rrpeu[3Hocr y oAHocy Ha prBnlrKoBane urruely JbyAcKerr{rrHocrn rr JbyAcKe np}rpoAe y oAHocy ua Eoxancxy Jlr.rv-Hocr lr BoxaHcry npupoAy. To ce jauro 3arraxa rroBoAoMnpo6leua oAyxoBJrerba JrlrtHocrr{. C je4ue crpaHe, Eepfa-jeu rnpau Aa r{oBeK, neh, uocn y ce6r,r Ayx (y cnojoj npupo-Atr, L4nv xao csojy npnpoay). Ou larnu rBpAr4 Aa yrpaBoAyx ovoryhaBa qoBeKy aa rrocraHe rlrrruocr. C 4pyre crpa-He, on raxole rBpal,r Aa Ayx mex rpe6a Aa nocraHe aplna-craH qoBeKy, ruro [oApa3yMeBa Aa ra oH joru yBeK HeMa,na je vonex rer 6noloruru rlHAr,rBrrAyyM.

3aro Huje HeorreKr,rBaH ylHT, peqr.rMo, Hnxore Mulo-urenuha: ,,Ar<o je Jrr,rr{Hocr ayx, xoje 6n ro uaqelo uouo

84

6vnu us*a4 lbe,-yKoJII,IKo je neh 4yxonHI,I upI{HqI4[ BpxoB-Hlr rrpr4Hur{n?"'o ,{o4yure, ,{urr.rnrpr{esuh Ha ro yrnpahaxa:yjyhu xaro ,,EepfajeB cMarpa Aa cy AyxoBHe BpeAHocrI,Ivl*ar,vrnp.wBkrrryMa rojz uopa Aa ce .qo lblrx y3AI,IrHe Ka-xo 6u nocrao JrrrrrHocr. HaxoH Tora HeMa rrpr4HIILI[a nojn jer43HaA nrrqHocrrl" (/IIIE, 112). To je yrr,recHo onaxalbe.Alu, .rar n KaI'a ycnojrarr,ro ry I,IHTepBeHqujy, ocraje nacHa3rr Herrrro qera ce Mrroruenuh y cBoM yrII,ITy I4naK tro-eHrHo AoraKao. A ro je ynpano npo6nerr,r neo4pelenocrzynore u uecra xojy Ayx r4Ma y oAHocy Ha qoBeKoBy eBI{-crenuujy. flpno, 4a nu je nyx rog Eeplajena uKa4a Har-flepcoHanaH vrv qaK a[epcoHrrJraH (rvraxap rao jeAua oA np-so6urHlrx arryannsauraja Ungrunda)? I4v'a ce yrltcar 4a je-cre. ,{pyro, \a nv Ayx nprrnaAa qoBeKy Kao 6raroAarHllaap (lriprtr) HJrrr Kao yralueHo, zIJILI I,IMaHeHrHo Ir rrpl4po-

!eno, ceojcrBo qoBeKoBe rprpoAe, rojy Eeplajen 4e$nnu-rxe Kao anpuopr4 6oroqoseqaHcry (rean4pr.rjcxy)? L1rvra ceyrr{caK aa Beplajen oBo locJreArbe HeAoBoJbHo y6e4uanoracrnyryje. 3aro Mnroruenuhes yunr ocraje peneBaHraH.Lllranuure, jour jeaan ynnr, .{uulrrpujennhen, rarofe jeBeoMa yrryraH c o6snporvr Ha Harxy npo6reruarury: ,,... (noEepfajeny) Ayx Mopa 6uru yne4eu y oco6y, Aa 6u oua no-cr€rJra Jrr.rqHocr [...] KaKo oHAa Ayx, Kao Heluro MaKcI{-MUTJIHO qEJIOBIITO. MOXE [A IIOCTAHE AEO JII{TIHOCTN AKO JIIIq-

Hocr, rro Bepfajeay, He Moxe 6uru Aerou unje4ue ITeJII{He,na uu najrmue" (,{JIB, 121)?

Taxna nurana HeMr,rHoBHo r,rcxoAe ycireA flocrylrdra v.nperrocraBKn Eepfajea.neee xpuurhaucxe QunocoQnje.Hnar, gra cy rnaBHa pa3Jlora ra ro: (l) qpliMar HecrBope-He cno6oAe HaA nruHorrrhy (ynproc peroplrtlKoM HarJIaIua-BarLy KaKo cro6oAe 6eg rlrqHocrn HeMa, Te Aa cno6oAa 6es

56 Mruouenuh, Huxona, I4cmopuocoQuja u ncuxonozuja y dety Hu-xonaja Eepfiajeea, cf.: ,,Cauocnosnaja", Anthropos, K3HC, HosHCaa,l987, 10.

85

JrlrlrHocHocTrI Hr,rje cMlrcleHa; jep ocTaje rBpAa qlrrbeHlrua -.{a je uparuonanHa HeoApebeHocr Ungrunda c6eMy rpeflo-crojeha), w (2) ycrcy rpr,rJrruHo :6prauor pa3yMeBarbapiBnil KoBarba usuef y JI uv uocrz, Cyurrune/flp[poAe r,r ne-crBopeHr.rx Eneprnja 6ora y oAHocy Ha Jrr,rqHocr, cyrurr,r-Hy/uprapoay u euepruje qoBeKa (i. e. Beplajen nyacrojnpupodu npranr.rcyje oHo ruro oHa He Moxe r4Maru no ce6r.r- Nnyx y eMr.rHenrHo Eoxancroru crarycy). Y o6a crry-uajauawrasuMo Ha HecaBJraAr{Be reruKohe. Y npeorra cJryra-Jy, n[qHocrl4 oHTo-JroruqKr,r [perxoAe cJro6oAa r,r 4yx rojraHllcy nlFIHocHo Aetburucauu. Y ApyroM cnyrajy, .ronereeh nocegyje cno6oAy r.r 4yx. Oryna, Cyurrr.r Bor vonerynr{e Hn norpe6au. 9onex nocraje HeKa Bpcra,,Tr,rraHcKor"jecracrna. Harue, oH je nornyno caMoAoBoJban, jep 6o-xaHcKa cnojcrea neh socu y cnojoj rprpoAr,r ruu xao cnojyrpr{poAy.

llororra nparrle46a Moxe ce pa3Btrrr,r [ocMarparbeMnpo6neua Be3aHLrx ra EeplajenneBo cxBararbe Jrlrr{Hocrr4 r.rnprpoAe qoBera vis-d-vis flplrpoge u Jlnquocru Eora.Haraue, rpaAr.rulroHaJrno )qerLe I{pxne ucrroBeAa Aa qoBexnoce,uyje jeany crsopelry JbyAcKy nnocrac ra jegny creo-peny JbyAcKy rrptrpoAy, ca rroj cnojcrnenuu crBopeHr,rMeHeprujaua. Mefyruru, He Mr.rcJrr{ raKo r,r Eepfajen. JlorurarberoBe xpucroJroruKe aHTporroJronaje HanaNe nojanrn-Baw,e u ue.rer ,,rpeher" (tertium quid), uopeg KBlt3l,rcrBope-He- JbyACKe JrrrrrHocTr,r r,r KBa3rrcTBopeHe JbyAcKe rrpr4po.{e.Alu, ro ,,Tpehe" Hr,rcy HecrBopeHe "no(a)ApNanajyhe"euepruje Eoxraje (raxo 6u ce MoxAa o.rerunalo), HeroHerrrro uro BeplajeB H€t3rrBa, KaKo BlrAecMo, ,,6oxaHcKl,rMereMeHToM". O veuyje pev?

IlorleAajruo, Ha nplrMep, Aero O qo6eKo6oM poncmryu cto6odu. Karo cruo BuI.errr4, oH raMo (IIPC, 57-58)

]7 [Iper[urc,,xna3u" MapKrrpa Eepfajenreny yBepeHocr y npe-nocto-JaILe KaKO qOBeKOBe JTHqHOCTT4 TaKO n qOBeKOBe rrpl,IpoAe.

86

AocJroBrre Kaxe KaKo qoBeK ltMa ,dee npupo4e". Y lrcrolroAnoMKy Eeplajee uorepfyje uocrojarre ,,6ocrcaHcrcoe ere-uesra" y rroBeKy. Mefyruu, 6uto \a raj eleuenr npeA-craBJba JrurrHocr (0n6oraorg) qoBeKoBy, 6uno 4a npea-craBJra npupoAy troBeKoBy (96org) - y o6a uryuaja,ycre4 6oxancKor craryca ror eJreMeHTa, HeMr,rHoBHo cJre-Au ,,HeJrerzllrHa" Ar,rs[Hr.r3aquja voneurrna. Haj:a4, axo rajeJreMeHT npeAcraBJba ,dyx" (nv|lpcr), oHAa ce c [paBoMnr.rraMo raxna je ro Bpcra tyxa? [a m je nocpe4u JIU-vuocr ,{yxa Cseror r,r HecrBopeHe euepnaje .{yr<a Cneror(n raxo je uoryhe br.rx floceAoBarr.r, ,,ro npupo4ra"?); uruje nocpe4ra HeKaKaB 6oxancrlr ,,Mra3" anepcoHaJrHor [yxa(uraja ee:a ca JrlrqHocHou craapHoruhy Ayxa Cseror oHAaHuje jacna)?

Euro raro 6IaJro, 3axnalyjyhr,r ynuay y rlerr,rHy Bepla-jenruennx craBoBa no nnTabrlMa oAyxoBJberba qoBeKoBenprrpoae, MoxeMo rBpAr{Tr.r Aa Ao re 4uenuuaaquje neAona3r{ ycJreA rrpunuBa r,rfiocTacHr{x HecTBope Hr,rx euep rnj aBoxr{rax (6uvdperg; ldprtr; 0broorq). flpynarr,r peqlrMa,rroA Tr,rM ,,6oxancxuv ereMeHroM" Beplajen He Mr4cJrr.r HaHecrBopeHe eueprnje Eoxuje, [peMAa Ha HeKtlM Mecrr.rMaABocMr,rcneHo roBopll tanl4 o ynnnBy ,,gxa" Ha goBeKa I4Ju.ro 6yleny ,,\!xd" y qoBeKy. Iperua yqerby flpanoclauueIlpree, 6oxancxe u o6oxyjyhe HecrBopeHe eueprnjelpncrynaj y qoBeKy raxnaryj yhr,r,,orBopeHocrr.r" rr,rq Hocrr4no roj e AoJrtB I,r ycreA oA6aU vtB aHha r4HALrBr4 \y anvcrll q K HXu 6nolorurcuFrKr4x 3axreBa caMo3arBopeHe flpupoAe. AoTOfa AOJIa3I'I Ka.4a JIHqHOCT IIOABT4IOM npeyMJberba eK-

crinrrpa npeua ,{pyroMe, oAHocHo npeMa EoxaHcxojHnocracu Xplrcra, vcroprzjcru yreuenenoj y BvrlyIberonor ca6opnor rrHeBMarlr3oBanor Tera ulu l-{prne,oAaKJre JrlrrrHocr npr4Ma 6oxancre euepruje n uocraje o6o-)KeHa, uru He lr HecrBope*a vrrr4 je4uocyurHa Bory, xaourro rpu rorr,r caojy rpr4poAy He yKrrAa, eeh npeo6paNaoaynpaBo qr4HoM npeBa3uJracKa 14 npilpore (rcojoj je vlna.re,

87

no flpaBlrny nd\a, 6uo-wnAr4BlrAyirnr4crnqxlr noApebeHa :HHKancynupaHocr Harypanutvov).

C gpyre crpaHe u cyfiporHo roMe, flpeMa Jroruuu rrrenAenuuju Eepfi ajeemeeoe M.vr[rrber+,a, ra guswnuza\uja,ro jecr o6oxene, oAr.rrpaBa ce saxnanyjyhw cyncmau4u-januou (cyurrnucxou; no rrpl{poAr.r) loce4onarry wu 6o-x(aHcKe Jrr{rrHocrr,r uln 6oxascxe npr4poAe. Crota, rroA Aa-TlrM rrpernocraBKaMa, cJre1w \a Eeplajee Apxr,r KaKo qoBexjecre uau Bor unu, MHoro BepoBarHuje, oH lroA ,,ApyroMnprapo4ou" tilrut,, 6oxaucKI,IM eJIeMe HTou" y vonexy MIrcJIllHa qoBeKoBy cuoco6uocr aa yrecrnyje y 6oxancrouxrrBory Bora. MelyuaM, rpeMa [paBocJraBHou Xanrr.rAo-Hy, raKBy cnoco6uocr gaje unocmac, a He npnpo4a. Cauauo ce6ra, JbyAcKa np[poaa 6u sanpano cnpeqlrJra raKBymoryhnocr. H oner, yqecrBoBarbe y 6oxancxorr,r xr4Bory,Kpo3 npr{xBararbe xpucroo6pa:nor eK-cra3r4paba (us-crynama) JrusHocrr4 nperr.ra :aj e4u vrl',/' rby 6aBV (e rcrarupa-Iba 3acHoBaHor Ha [oBpx6uoloumoj llnocracuoj clo6oAuoAHorrrerba ca Borou rao l-{prnoru), Hr.rKaKo ve yxryvyjeHe[ocpeAHrr AoAlrp ca HecrBopeHoM Cyurruuorr,r Eoxujorra(oru lrane ca HeKaKBrlM anepcoHiurHl,It't ,,,(4yxou"), ulttltce ro Moxe nocrnhu 6tuo xaxeolr BpcroM cyrurr{He r,rnunplrpoAe no ce6r.r (in se). V uajzag, He cneAr.r Ht4 ro KaKo rar4rrocrac jecre mu uopa 6r.rru HecrBopeHa 4a 6u yuecrno-Bana y HecrBopeHr,rM eueprujaua Bora, o rojuua BeplajenroBopr,r perKo, oBJrauHo u 6e: norpe6He rarrHocrr.r. I4no-crac cBaKaKo nocraje o6oxena, aJrr4 He r,r HecrBopeHa. Jep,rpo:4ejcrno flyxa Coeror, r{oBeK nocraje rroHoBo polen yXpncroro nHeBMarr.r3oBauo Telo npeuso6ranyjyhe y He-crBopeHr,rM o6oxyjyhr,ru eueprujanaa Cnere Tpojn[e, caxojrarr,ra qoBeK Molre 3ajeAHr.rqr,rrr,r, alu s6or xojrx ne no-craje Hyxuo 14 caM HecrBopeH.

flpeua roMe, TaKBa ,,npopacra" 3aMucao o qoBeKoBoMycrpojcrny (i. e. BepfajeBJbeBo anoreoarapajyhe cxBararbe

88

qoBeKoBor 4noje4uncrna: r4nocrac-npupoaa) jecre xpaj rur.rlrcxoa [ofperrrHof p€ByMeBarba oAHoca yHyTap TeoJrorrrKorxnaApr,rjyrraa rojz rpaae nojnonu Eoxraje u uonevuje npr.r-poAe 14 Jlr4r{HOCTr4.

Haapelyjyhu Bona Ungrundom, oapelyjyhr.r npunaa-pHe uauuQecraur.rje Ungrunda rao Cno6oay u Ayx, noKJra-najyhrz qoBeKy rrperepaHy ayronoruujy yrryrap je4Havnue6oroqoserrsa, Bepfajee - xpuwFtaucxa Qr.rrocorp, n:la-xe ce6e MHoTHM nporr4BpeqHocruuayr npo6leuuua. HujeTEK IIIPA PEqH KAAA TBPAIIMO AA JC IbETOBA MAKCI4MANV-

crlrqKa uepcouoloruja MvrnyrMuru3oBaHa npo6leuaru-qHI{M IIpIIMaTOM, aKO He HenepCOH€urHOr, OHAa CBaKaKO

alepcoururHor Ungrunda, Clo6ole urm [1xa.(10) Oa rprroBopa roju cy r43 peAa r{MaHeHrHl.rx rr

uuJbajy Ha ro Aa rroKaxy HeKoxepeHrHocr BepfajenJbeBlrxrlpernocraBKr,r H apryMeHara c o6supoll Ha r{r{JbeBe rcojnva6u rpe6aro Aa rrocnyxe, urAnojuherrao nprrcBop Eepfaje-nrenoj reognxeju. Taj npuronopje norurvxe rpupoAe u pa-qBa ce y creAeha ABa KpaKa.

flpno, ynolene nocryJrara o Ungrundu unr,r HecrBope-Hoj cro6o,url He aunecrwpa Bora oA oaroBopHocrr{ 3a 3Jro,qaK HI4 y norrurKrreoJrorrrKoM cMr4cJry. Jep, uax u y moMcnyuajy, Eor nnje Morao Aa He 3Ha KaKo HecrBopeHa cJro-6oAa nroxe nonyqurr,r 3Jro, [peMAa reK Kao rr.roryhHocr. AH[aK ce Eor, u suajyhu ro, caDracr4o Aa crBapa rroBeKa HaocHoBy MeoHr4qKe cno6oAe r{ concrBeHor fiat: ,,... reoprajao 'HecrBopeHoj cro6ogr.r' ne ocno6afa Eora o4rouopHocrnMaKap 3a nplrcTaHaK Aa nplrnr,rKoM cTBapalba Kopr{cTr4 Meo-HHrrKy rBap (stuff), uaxo* je 3uao Aa caApxr4 cno6oay. Yvenny je pa3nr.rKa rarruefy Eoxrajer crBaparba cno6oAe ulberonor xopnruherua ruapu xoja je rry ca4pxana?" (COF,121-122). tlax ra aKo 3aMepr4Mo Cnuuxu rxro MeoHurrKyc.no6oay zrvreryje Kao ,,rBap" (xaaa Bepfajee ruy Ae$uur.r-ure H Kao HecrBopeHy H Kao Henaarepr.rjanny), ocmje

89

qlrrbeHr,rua Aa oHa jecre neruro uno ,,cy63trcrupa" y nexa-KBOM, MaKap Ir MeTaOHTOJIOIIIKOM, CTaTyCy CTBapHOCHOT.

fla saro ocraje ua cH€r3lr JroruqKa orurprrua rberoBe rroeHTe.Apyro, TI{Me Iuro 3ro rrl,rHrl ,,cacrojrou" Ungrunda,

MaKap y cMlrcny uoeyttuocmu rcoja oryaa uoxe lpozsahu,Eep! aj en, no len s-volens, nornplyj e (u) np e no c n oj e tb e 3r q >r4 ro y KaKBoM-TaKBoM peanHoM cMr,rcny. 3aro surura uefloMaxe rrrro oH Ka)Ke KaKo uo (r.raro r.rcroprzjcru r.rerrucreuqnjalHo ollrrJblrBo) ueua 6nhe. Harue, os xoheAa Kaxe KaKo 3JIO I,IMa IIOpeKnO y MeOHI,IT{KOM HI{IUTa

Ungrunda,. a 4a je ouo 3aro caMo uoryhuocr, na ce Moxe ynocle4rroj r,rHcraHur4 rr rrcKopeHlrrr.r Apyrr,rM uoryhuo-crrrMa. Melyruu, Mopa ce pehu 4a ,,r,r3BecHa flporraBpeq-Hocr", KaKo raxe Cnzura, ,,vr \albe oncrojr,r y rou nojuy"(coF, 125).

3ax.myvarc

(A) [ne ,,[rKore" pa3yMeBarba uAeHrr,ITera Ungrunda

Oaronapajyhur Ha wrrarbe o roMe KaKo cy rraoryhr,r cMI,Icaolr nopeAaK y Eepfajennenoj naceneHu npuMapHo oApebe-noj npexo oape4a6a r{paurroHanHocru, locrajarsa r.r HeoA-pelene clo6o4e, IJejuc M. Meruaxnau ocraBJba BaxHy Ha-3HaKy 3a AeuruQponame npaBor lrAeHrurera cuu6ola Un-grunda:

Aro je cno6oAa npuMapHa y oAHocy sa Bora u Euhe,KaKo r4KaAa ,4ona3r.r ,uo npojane pe4a? Aro u Aobe AoTOfa, 3aruTo peA HlrJe npenyrxreH Ha Mr,rJrocr r,r HeMrr-nocr xaocy [...] Tnpluvr aa Eeplajen raj npo6rerr,r pe-Dtaea rcada* rurearnrrre o npr.rMary cno6oAe naA 6nhenHarryrura y npruor rcopuurhemy Mr{TcKLrx u curr.r6ornq-Kr4x cJrr.{Ka o Ungrundu. Kaxo u cdu Eepfajen npn3Ha-je, Ungrund 3anpa6o npemxodu u cto6odu u Eufty*.On ca4pxr,r rtroryhuocru u ra jeAHo rz ra apyro [...]Crola, aKo HeKo xeJrlr Aa Hale pa:ror ra to uro Eor,rwv ilaK crBoperbe, r{yxHo xohe pea y BaceJbeH[i, oHAaTo Moxe 6uru je.unuo lr3 rrorrJToBan,a flpeMa Mopan-HoM 3aKoHy. A tr.toparHr.r :arou je nolxroBalbe npeMaalconyrHocrr{ rr ayroHoMrzjra cnaxe JI[r{HocrI,I Kao MI4-KpoKocMoca HnlI cpetrurrrra cro6oAe. Aru, rsHaA Tora,pa3nor 3a nouroBarre cro6oAe y [pyrorr,r Mo)Ke cecMeerr4Tr{ caMo y Her{c[HTJbI,IBe 4y6uue cno6oAe. YHeKy pyKy, peg nocrojr.r caMo 3aro txro MopanHI{ qu-

Hr,rorrr4 ro xohe* [...] fae relrcrr4qKa rpaauunja xou-craryje xaro je KoHaqHo nprlMopaHa 4a sanpuu ceojavcrru'fvBar$a, u ro y ueucrpaxr,reoj noru Eoxnjoj,

90 91

Beplajen [...] 6una npr{MopaH aa caoja ucrr{rr4BarbaoKoHqa y Her.rcrpax[nalr Ay6nuaua clo6o4e, ulr,r yHeHcrpaxI,IBI,IM BoJbaMa BoxaHcxor I4 qoBeqaHcKor(DTG,204)

Beh cuo ycraHoBr,rJrr{ nocrojarre 4nejy urola ryMaqe-r+a udeumumema cuviola Ungrunda. CaAa u Mexlaxla-HoBo ryMaqeH,e flprrApyxyjer,ao cnerrpy ryuauena rojarrpeAcraBJba Muxaur, Banou r{, AoHeKne, Onranep @.Knapr: Hac[paM Jrerre3e oHlrx ryMaqerra xoja oluvana @y-a4 Hyxo. Bparvvo ce raM r4Hrep[perarrrBHrrM flptrcrynr4-ua joru je4noru, raxo 6uctro npo.qy6Hnu yBrrA y pa3nofeH,rlxoBrrx cJrafalba rt HecJlarama. Ocsonso cJlafane re ABerrrKoJre y roMe je Aa npnxnarajy xaxo je :a Eeplajesa Un-grund c ouy crparry cBaKe KoHuenryalzsaquje vrJrr4 oqTvga-qr4je nocrojarra, H noI,IMa ce qr.rHoM erc-cucrenqnje(n[per]o-crajana). OcnonHo pa3nuKoBarue, rcoje BoAr.r qaKI,I Ao KoH$pouraqnje raruefy nnx, nacraje KaAa rrpr.rnaAHz-urr rororbe rrrKoJre (a) saueruape qubeHr.rqy la Eeplajen na-reropHjy Ungrunda pa:nuryje og xareropuje HecrBopeHeclo6o.[e (npeu4a Ilx Ha HI,r3 Nrecra aNr6nsuureHTHo o^pefyjeu rraK nor4crosehyje), ra (6) xana Ungrundu ulu rraeouuvrcojclo6oArz yKt{Hy cBaKy Mera-oHTonorxKy,,cy6rucreHr-Hocr": [oA uc[plrKoM Aa emucreHrlujannu npucryn Seuo-MeHr4Ma nocrojarra, raran je Eepfajenren, re QeHoueneHyxHo rrlrHr,r oHrororuKr.r HeyrpurnHuM rlJrpr uax rpnnr.rjan-Hrau. Ynproc oAJrr.rqHo nocraureHoj crylujn r4 BpeAHr4MKpr4rrrqKr.rM oflaxarbuMa, Oyaa Hyxo je yrro3ope]ba noa (a)u (6) cranr.ro y sarpaAe. Taxo je y HeKy pyry rpunujanv:o-Bao oHroJroury aulreu:rajy upo6nenra ruro Hx je noxpenyoFepfajen. 3a paunry oA rom, Knapx, Banon n Mexlaxlasue cuarpajy 4a je Ungrund cauo cr,rHoHr{M ga cuoco6socrcanoo4pelena r.rJrr.r caMoocrBaperba y clo6o4u. Vocralon,cdrr,r Hyro r4crrrqe KaKo AoKTpr{na o Ungrundu, ,,no4 nla-ITIToM Mr4crI,IrII43Ma", HefipecraHo y6pusraua xyMaHr4crl4-

92

qKe eJreMeHre y EepfajeubeBy MI,Icao - ,,... ynpKoc* npe-na3y oA oHronornje npeMa erI,IqlI" (EPNF, 188).

flon jelna ruKoJra na Ungrund rneAa Kao na cuu6o-Jrr,rqK[r,,BI4rrIaK" caMo ca eBI,IcreHI{r{ annnrra flocneAl,IuaMarorne Apyra, HtraK, ynula raxo raj ,,B[uIaK" nuje canaocnv6o,'r ll q xo-eraucrenuuj araH He ro u (n e m a) o u m or ou.tKu- rrrra foA ce r{r.rHr.rJro Aa ce pacrBopr.r rberoBa uera(oH'ro-nouma) peneBaHrHocr. Axo ce fipr4Apyxuuo apyroj uxo-Jrlr, oHAa ce crBapHocr Ungrunda r4Ma y3er[ peanHo, Ll v.o-xe ce BpeAHoBarr,r yHyrap oKBLrpa cucreMcKe reolonuje,rae ao6lrja o4roaapajyhy AofMaroJrorrlny eanopurauujy.flpruror raKBoM onpeAeJbeby y ryMaqerby rr BpeAHoBarbynpeAcranDajy cneaehe yBr,rAHe peuu Merlaxrana (npeuAa,on unje,,gorMaroror"):

To creapame roriurr4rera, rxro ra npearuavyje Un-grund, jecre u oHo ruro trvrlau \a oAHoc npeMa [pyrovrarofe 6yae ruroryhuocr. VurpyuD, je cuu6on KouHr4u-duparca* 6uha u Hlruera, jeAuucrna u oApefenocrlr,xoju uperxo,ulr KaKo rocrojehertr 6r.rhy raxo u HI,IqeMy[...] Ynrpyua 1...1 zapaumyje uozyltuocm jeduucmeaKpB cmzapcuaqxo denoeatue*. Ungrund [...] uasnavy-je xaxo ranar nocrojn npauraopHojeAilHcrBo xoje yrca-syje nyr, Harooeurraj JbyAcr(or npojexra, rutu Boro.ro-BerraHcKor npojexra. To He sHaqu raro nperxo4ehaHyxHocr AerepMrrHr{ue raj npojexar, seh Aa cMrrcaoxojz ce r.rMa crBopr.rru jecre npeA3Haqen (nperra4a HaneoApelen Havnn) y Haqeny crBapElnallrrBa xoje urra-nn[ulrpa oAnoc r.rgnteby concrBa u flpyror. To jeduu-cmeo je npedsuaveuo y nparcsopHott jeduucmey Un-grunda* (DTG,205-206)

KouavHo, o6e rurole yBufajy xarco je laruucao o Un-grundu zpaHuuHu nojau y Beplajenrenoj ltrcnu - Gren-zbegrff. Tyrrravu y o6e urrone, Hapoqltro Buou u Mexla-xnan, raxole yuu\ajy KaKo Ungrund, xao rpauuvnr.r nojar',r,

93

rrMa ABe BeoMa eKcKJry3r,rBHe Qynxuzje. Te Qynnunje Ha-gsaheN{o,,cynepQyux4ujaua". Cuarpaheuo r{x rJraBHr4Mpa3no3r,rMa rojz 4onyurajy urnecny uepy 6narouaruroHo-cru fipeMa HaMepr,r ruro crojra n:a EepfajenJbeBe yHeKoJrrr-xo eKcTpaBaranTHe AoKTpUHe.

(B) Ungrund-Pno

,,CyrepSyuxquje" (,,cyuepSynrquonucame") UngrundaAI{peKTHO Ce OAHOCe HA 3atamumy HerraTBOpeHe, HecBoAr{-Be rd rpaHcueHAeHrHe uncrepuje Clo6oAe: raxo clo6o4eEoxnje raKo !r cno6oAe qoBeKoBe. Cauuu rr4M, oHe rurr,rreu 6oxaucre ranr,r pelurnjcKe ocHoBe .ronevuje ncropnje uKynrype.,{pyrnv peqr.rMa, aox je clru6ol Ungrunda conr.rA-no yrnpfeu, AorJre, cMarpa Eepfajer, ueheuo 6wru ragpu- Hr.rKaAa - 4a uaj4y6re ocHoBe Enha Eoxrajer wm 6vrhauoneurajer o3neAr.rMo - Kpo3 paqnoHurnr,Baqrajy, r,rHcrpy-uenranltaqlrj y, courroJrorr3aquj y, erarnsaqnj y, ceKynapu-sauujy vnv \pyre Sopue o6jerrunusaulrje.

1 . CynepQyurc4uj a nap ad oxcuj cxe d ed emepuunu3 aqu-je. Ungrund r,rJrr4 Meourrrrxrr rrpaocHoBr4 nocrojana r,ruajy$ynrurajy nap ad orccuj cxe 3arrr'turre u a$r.rprvraunj e clo6oAer{ AyxoBHG-Mr4CTr,rrrKHX OCHOBa CTBapHOCTr,r, trCKyCTBa 14cno3nar6a. flapagoxcuj a Mlrcrr{rrKor crro3Harba uacraj e np ranoryruajy 3axBararba ancoJryrHe rpaHcrleHAeHqr,rj e r,r 4py-rocru. Y Eeplajennenou cnyrajy ro 3Haqr,r 4a Ungrundxao 6es-rer4eJbaH, He-c[o3HarJbLrB, He-ucK€t3I{B, He-[o-crojehu, He-npeAMeraH, He-rrpeHoclrB, ynpaBo Kao raKaB,nocraje yreMeJbeH, crro3Har, ucKa3aH, nagnocrojehe no-crojehu u [peuocr,rB (o.qHocaH). Vnpano ro ra r{ svrnvr \a-paAoKcirnHHM. flpn rou Ba-rba 3Harr.r aa sa Eepf ajeBa .tucrarpaHcueHAeHunja u anarornjcxa .upyrocr jecy y KoHKper-nou aujzurexrr4qKoM oAHocy ca qrrcroM uuaHenqujou naualorujcxor.r ucroruhy, r.r o6paruo. Ha raj Haquu napa-

94

.uoxclrja Mr{crr.rq.Kor c[o3Harba oHo TpancqeHAeHTHo r{ ca-cnHrr,l ,{pyro (Ausserlichkeit) urznr.r r.{MaHeHrHlIM t4 ,He-cJIuqHo crnqul.IM". To gHa.rH.[a ux oHa qvuyt Hawurn KoH-KperHr,rM r4cKycrBoM rr cno3HabeM. To lrcrycrao Moxe cenoyHyTaprblr'tv, arv ce Hr,rKaAa He Moxe [ocTBapI4TI4 HI4TI4ce br,rMe Moxe rocrroaapvrr4. flapaAoxc, Kao raxaB, He Ao-3BorbaBa 3ApaBoM pa3yMy (A : A; A v 1 A; de-frnitio etc.).{a OuKcupa v nvMwrupa AI4HaMUKy AyxoBHoI onlrra-cno-3Harba. To je parnor :6or xojer (u) y oapefelly napaAoKcao6utasa ynpaBo cyrurr{ napadorcc: aKo A, oH[a 1 A, u axo

1A, ou.ua -'l A. y rapaAoKcy oHo cynporHo naxu y o6acnyuaja. Crora, on cnojoj rourpa4urqr.rjr{ BoAn r.r axo jevt:crvHr4T u arco je JIaxaH.

Ha npnuep, Ungrund je uajrerrlerur.tja crBapHocr 3arourro je 6es reuena. Vtu, xa!'a a$rapuuureuo oaaj cner(gund), MH fa rrcroBpeMeHo MopaMo u uerupanr (Un-grund), xaxo 6Hcnao ra ,,yreMeJbr,rJrr.r", o.qHocHo a$uprr,uca-nr.r (grundlegung). O6jexrxBaunja cneAu KaAa og6rajervro aanprrxBarfi Mo rr ocMl,rcnuMo uerupajyhe (,,ryru6ajyhe") rpe-rarLe rapaAorcraje. To MoxeMo aa.ne pe$lexroBarll Kpo3KoBalbe u cleAehnx YHrPYuaolotuKl,tx l43pa3a:,,reMeJbHa6e:-reuersocr",,,Me-oH(r)uvra ontolorrlja" rtrtt,,He-crBopeHa clo6oaa crnopeuot"...

3najyhrl ra Eeplajenrseny 6op6y rporI,IB paquoHulwl-rua n o6jerulBaur.Ije y noJbrMa reororuje ra Qunoco$nje,MOXeMO norneAaru ra Ungrundu, ilayBvrIieru 4a raj cuv-6ol uua v aHmucxonacmurrKu KoHmeKcm KojI.{ Aorryurranoce6no ocBerJLerLe ror cuM6ona. Turvre ce noxa:yje u ro4a BepfajenneB napaAoKcalnu clrlr6ol (u cnrtr6on napa-goxcuje!) SyHrquouraure He caMo y KoHreKcry nperneraucropraj e reonourxo-tpnnoco$c rux u4ej a (auj axponuj c ru)Hero r{ y KoHTeKcTy rbnxoBr{x cI4cTeMcKG-TeopI{cKI4x ene-MeHara, BpeAHocrlr u qvJbeBa (cunxponnjcru).

3aro ce na Eepfajenren Ungrund Aa rIpI,IMeHI,IrI{, pe-rrl,rMo, yBr4A Eorory6a lllajaronr.rha:,,Mrcrltuxo ncrpcr

95

66(av (contra opinionem) jecre 3anpaBo contra dogmati-cam. flapaAorcnja je AllHaMlrrrKr,r xopercmue* flporr.rB reo-JroruKe cr,rcreMarrlKe r,r AorMarr4Ke y xojoj nelra nrjecra ranapa4orc. "58 Yragusarbe\4 na ynr,l4- B epnepa Eaj epeanreca(Werner Beierwaltes) raj ynlr4 ce pasjarur+ana onaro: ,,lla-pagorcuja anotpanrvxe reolornje cBeAoqr,r o n[qHoM r4cKy-crBoBarby Bora, roje ce He Moxe cxeMarr,r3oBarr4 4^yrutu-Tr,r [peAMeroM AofMartrqKor 3Har6a" (nME, 211).t" V cla-rar\y 14 ca Br.ulujeuona Eplorvr (William Earle), Moxe ce pe-hn Aa roA 5eplajena Ungrund npey3r,rMa $ynrur.rje ayxoB-Ho-M racrrrrrKe napaAorcuj e :,,Ilapa4orcuj a qyBa lroryhnocr,(a cBaKo uosaoco6 JrlrqHo KoHcrr,rryurxe cMr4cao pevu Bor,ancoJryrHo, BetrHocr l.^..1 u aa y roMe Br4AH rbr{xoBy ncrr,r-Hurocr" (IIMB, 2l l)."

3aro nr,rje qy.uHo Aa Eeplajenren cuu6ol rpr{BnaqupecaHTnMaH s6ynenor ,,34paBor" pa3yMa (sensus commu-nis), urro He cMeMo noMerrrarr,r ca Apyrr,rM, cBaKaKo yMe-CHI{M, TI4[OBr,IMa KpI,rTr,rqKOf flpl,IcTyna pycKoM Mr{cTr,rKy.Eeplajeeren,,Ungrund-4ucxypc" jecre napa4oKcaJran Ha-ru.rH Aa ce Kaxe KaKo Hac npe6a onacuocr ynpaBo oHor qa-ca RaAa Eory, clo6ogr,r, JrlrrrHocrlr [nr{ Ayxy flpunulreMoyHa[peA yrnpleno, nepeAe0r,rnnr4Bo r.r ayroprreroM caHK-rllroHucaHo je4nonaleurHo 3Harrerbe r.l ynorpe6y. Tor rpe-ayrxa Had-6rahesHra des-reuer norcaryje Aa cy rpaHlrqecno3Harba, cMr,rcJra r{ [paKce yBeK r,r HerAe ApyfAe, Aa cyHerrrro Apyro, r.r Aa Herrrro apyro (pa:)oMebyjy. To sua.{raa cBeKoJrr4Ka crBapHocr, r,r r{oBeK y rboj, jecre uauelno

6es-rpauruHa, To jecr cyIxrI,IHcKI,I - cno6odua. Hecrso-peHa yHrpyHAcxa cno6oAa ynerje cleKyraruBHo Be3aHa 3aAoxunraj Eora, a Eora ne MoxeMo Hr.I 3aMI,IcJIIrrLr 6er He-crBopeHe cro6oAe - y npar43BopHoM ua4jeauncrey Un-grunda oHr4 cy ysajauHo rrpoxeru lo HaAcjeAulbeHocrl4.Taxo 6u Mosra rJracrrra napaQpacrrvxa Qopvyna Beplaje-BJbeBe yHrpyu4olon{e.

Zrsl'1la[ aHrr4rese r.rruely Eora u HecrBopeHe cro6oAe

[...] novuua rpaHcueHAeHrsa 6oNancra Tajua y rcojojcBe rrporr,rBpeqnocru necrajy [...] 'Hecrropena cro6o-4a' npe4cranlba zpaHuvHu nojau* unu, ravuuje, He tro-jav neh cnu6or, rorrrro ce o HecrBopeuoj cro6oaz,s6or rbeHe rror[yHe r{pauuoH€InHocrl,I, He Moxe crBopr{-ru paur{oHuurau uojarr,r (CCn, 328)

2. CynepQynx4uja decercynapusaquje. Apyru pa3nor 3a6laronaxlonraj e paeyrnren arre Eep! aj eubeBe AoKTp r.IHe rI4-qe ce oHofa Iuro heuo Ha3BurLr ,flHmeepamuzHoM" u ,de-cercyn apusyjyhou" $y nxgl.lj or'l Ungrunda. Ys napaloxc nj -cxy cynep$ynr<uuj y AeAerepMl{Hrl:aqnj e, ra $yH xuIlj a .rn-Hl,I ocHoBHy cHary nopyKe uno je yrD,hyje Eeplajenrenapelnrujcra $rurocoQraja. O veuy je pev? flpe cnera, eala3Harr.r Aa caAa npona3nMo Kpo3 o6nacr r4e ce Eepfajen$e-Ba yHrpyHAorornja H pycKa coSuolornja npexnanajy.

Hanue, r.rcre $ynrur.rje Iuro I{x ylryrap coSuoloruruxcrpyjarra (Hup., roA Colonjona, Onopencxor ralr Eylra-rona) eprura cuu6or CoQuje, y orrycy Beplajena epulucuu6or Ungrunrlg. Koje cy Syurqr{e CoQuje? llperraaAnerccejy Jlocenyo' u Muxanny Ceprejeny, ocronua Qyux-

5E lllujaronuh, Eorony6, flapadoxcuja uucmumoz 6ozonosuan a, cf...,,Xepuecona xpura", fl.naro, Eeorpa4 , 1994, 2ll (abbr.: IIME).5e Beierwaltes, Werner, Denken des Einen: Studien zur neuplatu-nischen P hilosophie und ihrer Wirkungsgeschichte, Y ittorio Kloster-mann, Frankfurt/M, 1985,454 (Cf.: IIIujaronrh, Eorony6, IIME).oo Erl, Viliiam, Fenomenologija misticizma, prevod: B. Beli6, ,,Tre6iprogram" 5411982, Beograd, 387-401: 392 (Cf.: Illujaronrah,Eorory6, IIME).

96

o' Iocen, Anexcej Q., Tepuuu CoQuja, cf.: ,,I,Icropnja aHrI{qKe ecre-Trjxe: pe3ynrarn rucyh:rernor pa:rurra" (pyc.), rou. 8, rrr. II, tr4cry-crno, Mocxra, 1994,220-232.3a cunonruqxlr npltKa3 rcHe3e, crpyK-Type'i Br.r[ecMrrcJreHocrr.t cuvr6ola CoQnje BI,tAerH: AnepHrEqen,Ceprej C., CoQuja, y: ,,Co{uja-Jloroc: Cronap" (pyc.), Ayx t Ilure-pa, Kujer,2000, 159 et passim; flIunr[nzurep, Touac, Co@uia-Mapu-

97

uuja Co$uje jecre SyHxqraja uHrerpauuje cnnx Bpcra cy-lporHocrr4. Ha uexn HaqnH. ro je paaHu cunr6on ,,criHTe-se". Cru.lso Merlaxlauonoj arpu6yuwiw lanoj sa Un-grund, ro je n czna6ol ,,Kor.rHrluAeHrlnje" (DTG, 205).tlpa-rehu yua4 Jlocena, Muxaru Ceprejee c rr.rM y ee:u 4ajey3opnr racxa:: ,,CoQnja cjeaunyje necje4unueo: BoxauxoH JbyAcKo, AyxoBHo r.r rBapHo, trAetuHo r{ pei}nHo. Tnpaehr,rKaKo y QulocoQlrjr,r Coloajona CoSraja npe4cranra 'rlan-Hy 14 cpeAr4ru*y npe.ucraBy utn unejy ceer n eronon Qruo-co$r.rpama', Anercej Jlocee [...] raxole nelu xaxo je Cono-njon Co$ujy cMarpao'nepa:4nojuuM fiAeHrr4reroM r.rAea,rr-Hof r.r Mareprajaruor, ro jecr, ua'repujanuo ocrBapenoMuAej oM unr{ r.rAeiurHo npeo6paxeuona nrarepuj ov' (STPNB,se-'72)."

Ylrecro Co$lrje, Eeplajen rprrxBara Ungrund u xaryjeraro je ro, rarofe, czrr.r6ol cjegumena cno6oae u Eora,Hrrrrrra u 6uha,je4nncrna H o4pelenocru. Anu,3a pa3nr.rKyoA coOuonora, Beplajen 6ll AoAao raxo raj cuu6o,r oMory-hyje u yjeano rpaHcrleHAr4pa cBaKy KoHKperHy pear'rrr3arlrr-jy cnor yuyraplber je4uucrna. [pyruv peqtrMa, HeMa ,,He-rnapHor" I,t ,,TBapHor" Ungrunda/Cno6oAe aHaJ.rorHo,,rnapnoj" u ,,uernapuoj" Co$raju. Ty rala rpaxr{rrr yno-pr.rrxre Bep!ajenreae Kpr.rrr.rKe Qunoco$uje,,cueje4nu-crsa", sa xojy je noAo3peBao 4a Heryje npuKpr.rBeHe reu-AeHrIrrJe Ka naHrelr3My r.{ r{aK cn[pr,rTyzrnrr3oBaHoM HaTypa-nu3My. Mnxaun Ceprejee je youuo rapaneJrHe roKoBe rr3-ruely co$no,roruKnx r.r yHrpyHAonourKrrx crpyjarra.,,HaxoHe noMlrrre Co$ujy pr3paBHo, Beplajen rpara 3a vctoM uH-mezpaqujou* EoNaucror rr r{oBeqaHcKor roje ce, y rbefo-noj $ranoco$uju, pa:yue Kao cnoHa r.tuely HoyMeHcKe !rQeuovencre o6lacru ranrr, flpeqlr3nr,rje, xao pacKpnBarbeAyxa y npupo4noj o6lacrn uojana" (STPNB, 59-72). Me-

ja: 4eaoeumo eufiene cmeaparca (pyc.), npeBoa: Brarrop 6nvron,fnosuc flpec - Cxapa6ej, Mocxna, 1997 , :aapouuro: 231-261.

98

fyrunr, Ceprejer He qrrHli r.t $rna.rurn KopaK, LIaKo je npu-[peMr,ro ynpaBo raKaB rrore3. on se KoHcraryje, [peMAaMoxAa noApa3yMeBa, KaKo yrlpaBo Ungrund jecre xou-crpyKr Koju o6aBJba *Icre Qynxunje roje ro4 sehuHe co-

Qzorora epuru CoQraja. MoxAa Beplajenrena KpxrllKa co-

Suonornje orexaBa yoqaBarbe re auzuroruje.I4s nHrerparunue $ynxqr.rj e Ungrunda AeceKynapl,t3y-

jyha cneacrneHo npoucxo4r,r. To ce jacuo Bvrp.r4 vr3 qI,[r,eHI4-

t1e Aa Ungrund cnyxu HHrerpaunjarua oHlrx [cKycraBa, Me-ToraLrnla AoMeHa crBapHocrt4 xoju cy I43 ceKynapucrr,rtlKl4(philosophia mundialis) yreMerbeHe $Hnoco$nje - npof-sasu. 3aro Beplajen n oryelyje $ruoco$ujy Kao opfaHcKyr[ynruujy pernrurjcror xrlBora, rpu qeMy pelrzrrajcro us-BHpe rlt BeJrlrKe cneur,lcrepr.rje npan3BopHor Arr,I6uca. On-noco$raj a yronr.rxo rpey3nMa Bl,rreurKy SyHKuI4jy cBeAoqe-rba-3arrrrr.rre peuurHocrr4 Ungrunda. Caxero peqeHo, Aece-rynapr.rsaqlrja MoAepHe $luoco$uje o3HarlaBa Hanop npo-H€rJraxerba r4crr4Hc Kor KopeHa Buha u, I4croBpeMeHo, cj egH-rbaBarbe ror KopeHa ca KoHKperH[M trcxycrBoM 6l4Barbannuuourhy xoja je npeA3HaqeHa ra cno6o.uy y Ayxy.Mo'ru-ne pelurr.rjcro-QrarocotlcKor peBonra xol Eeplajena Harralrrbe BpeaaH HaqIrH l4crl{qe Clejr: ,,Ontoloumn roraJII4-rapv3aM MoAepHe QunocoSr.rje jecre uorvnbaBarbe KoH-KperHor rrcKycrBa nocrnapenoj ancrpaxuuju. Yc,qeA roranpoficrr4rre.ua ce HajBaxHnjn sr,rAosu HaIIIfix xnnora noja-nryjy r<ao ulyruje" (DTG, 15).

(B) Ungrund -CoNTRA

Mely apryrrrenraqrajaua roje ce rporldBe Bepfajenre-BoM )qerry o Ungrundu, tnru heuo, y npunor 3aKJb) IKy, rl3-qnojuru ase. Jeaua je I.I3 pe4a onIIIre uJlu HaqeJIHe Kpurlr-Ke, u ,[oJrzl3r4 u3 pefl{crpa xpuruhaucre Aorrtaaroloruje.[pyra je r43 peAa noce6Hor, [o.IlpuByMeBa fiperxoAHlr rpu-

99

foBop, 14, OCLIM nOrMaTCKrfx cMepHr4rla, npeTlocTaBlba Ltperucrap peQneKcrBHo-reopuj cKe KpHrrrKe.

l. llpru n Hajeaxnuju nprlroBop Eepfajeny Mopa ceoaHocl.rrlr Ha qurbeHltrly Aa yqerbe o Ungrundu ornefyjexpaurhancro yqelle o rpr,rMary HaqeJra Jluqnocrn HaI Ha-

B[rpaHr4x crBapHocrr{ 6egluqHor vrv Haa]rilqror. TnueBeplajee HapyuraBa npyunjaanu acreKr nopyKe rpaArrrlt{o-HanHor xpuruhaucror reoJrolrrxo-$r.rlocoScxor yqeba oBory. Ta flopyKa orKpr4Ba Cyuror Eora xao sajeduutlyJlu,ruocmu xoje, ynpaao Kao raKBe, co6orr,r rpaHcuenaupajy

npeBa3r,rna3lr E/6uhe utm C/cywruHy [pBeHcrBeHo 3axBa-ryjyhu roMe rlro flocrojfi Ha Haqr4H Heu3BoArrBe rz Herro-Tr{r4r6r,rBe Jluvnocru, a He ycneA Tora rrrro je Ou noce4Hrax,,HaA-nptapoAe" L'rJrr4 naK ,,HaA-cyurrane" - Ll HuKaKoycneA HeKaKBe yHFpyHnCKe,,Haa-npnpoAe,,.

[ax,re, oBAe Bilba Morptrrr,r Ha Lsa 6urya ynnga. Cjeane crpaHe, Jluauocm Bora Oqa noce4yje par excellencecroco6gocr caMo[peBa3llnaxelba cBaKe, [a u collcrBeHe

100

3aro uro Orau xao Jluvuocm cro6oAHo xohe* Ty 3ajeAHI'I-uy."u2) C apyre crpaHe, I,IcrttHcKa llpupoda Boxuia uujeHeKa cyrxrr,rHa nnu Eory HaApebeHa ancrpaKrHa HaAcy-rurr,rHa, Hefo, rrpBelrcrBeHo, HaABeqHo npenocrojame raje-.qHuqe Tpu Jlrqsocrn y cauo4aroj cno6oALl r,r caruonvajy-heu :ajennnuelby y TIJII,IpoMI,I (tb nl,f1pcopcr,) BoxancxeIby6anu (,,Vzpaz 'Eor je Jby6an' [...] ua-:uauyje Aa Eor lo-crojlr rao Tpojraqa, To 3HatIH: xao Jllrqsocr, a He Kao cyn-craHr{rlja [...] Jby6an xao Boxuju HatII4H nocrojaba I4IIo-cracvpaBora, xoucmumyuue lberoBo 6uhe [...] Kao pe3yn-rat Jby6anu, onrolornja Eora nr{e [oAJIo)I(Ha HyxHocrl4cyncranur,rje. Jby6an ce norlcroBehyje ca oHroJIoIuKoMcro6oAoM" [BAC, 45]). Enucron Arauacraje (Jenruh) ra-nofe npura:u 6nury rourercry caAalurbl{x pirMarpa}ba:

Xprauhaucru Eor xao Jkuuocr He o6jaurnana ce cBo-jov 6oNaHcroM, AyxoBHoM [pupoAoM ITJII,I cyIIrrI{HoM,lrero HaquHoM cBoraflwtHoe nocmojaroa - Kao Tpoju-qa Jluqa (cneru Jonan ,{arvracxuY, O npae. oepu I, 1-l0). OnronoruKo r43Bopl4lure one majue rr4Ltmot Havu-ua 6uha orKpr4BeHor Bora jecre Jluqnocr Eora Oua

[...] xojr,r ce HilIa3I4 y ne.lnoj raje4nrnqr.r ca cnojuvr Cr.r-uortl u ,{yxov Cnetulr, xojr.r cy raxofe seqHe JIFIHo-crr7, a rruxoBa 3ajeAHLTqKa 6oxaucxa cywmuHa rrJrvrnpupoda ulrje nera HaAnITqHa uru 6esr[.{Ha 'ecenqu-ja' Boxaucraa (nexra 'Vp-fpynd'* Eoxauctna, raoKoA HeKlrx uracrraxa), gero rorvcoiq, no peuuua Auo-crora flasra (2 Kop 13 t:) n Cn. Bacrannja Belzxor(lI uctr't o 38 fpuropr.rjy Hucxot"t)o'

62 Zizioulas, Jotn, Personhood and Being, cf.: ,,Being as Communion:Studies in Personhood and the Church", SVSP, Crestwood - NewYork, 1993, 44 (abbr.:BAC).63 Jenruh, enucKon Aranacuje, Xpuwhaucxo cxsamarbe ruqHoctnu yucmopuju, Cf.: ,,<Dunocotfuja u reonornja", Cretu Cllueon Muporo-vuwr, Bpn,avxa Ba*a, 1994, l'13-190 (abbr.: XCJI).

t0t

Tuue ruro Caeroj Tpojuqr,r naapefyje Ungrund llr ro-jer Tpojzqy r.r3BoArr, Bepfajen rpaBr.r KoHrpa4raxqujy y o4-HOCy Ha COIICTBeHO AaBaIbe npIIMaTa JrlrqHOcTI,I KaO OHOM

raison d'6tre clo6oAe. Tnue ruro lr3Merura HecrBopegycno6oay ,,I.I3BaH" vurtr ,,t43nag" Bora xao Oua, Eeplajen uecaMo Aa ,,npo4ecyatusyje" EoroHaqarcrso seh [ocraBJbarlpl4opltrer, aKo He 6euuvnor, oHAa cBaKaKo ,,HadruuHoe"Haqera lr3HaA r.r HacnpaM Eora xao Tpuje4He sajeAHraqeJIu,l u o c m u. fleroalr cr]eKyJrar]rBHG-peropxq KH noxy Luaj uAa ,,3ararrrKa" raj ueypa.nrwqnr Hecycmu4aj Ungrunda uOua uucy nperepaHo yBepJbr.{Brd. Os raxo npruu ,,peo6jer-rwsayujy" cnoje xpuruhaHcxe MlrcJrr,r xoja ce raKo cunoBr4-ro yfiepr4na nporrrB o6jexrrznaqr,lje, ua jenuov Mecry oApe-leue xao ,,lrnocracr{parbe ancrpaKrlzja". OH ce na raj na-uun lnavajHo ylarryje o4 xpuurhaucxe Mrzcnr4 cBerr,rx ora-qa.

Csu our llpanoclanne I{prne oA Hcroxa cloxlrlu 6uce aa: (a) Hr4KaKBa cyrurr{Ha r4nu flpt{poAa (unru ueraxauUhr-grund, i. e. Un-grund) ne uoxe rperxoAr4rrl nocroja-try TpujeaHor Eora rao Cyure/-urx Jlnqnocru, u (6) aaEor uara.qa nuje nnru uxaAa nocraje ,,ro[a" (yupvf1) cy-IIITHHa, HIlTrr TT3BOAI,IB I,I3 HeKe CyrnTtrHe Carrle UO Ce6U.

Llltanuure, Cyurruna Eoxuja, xojy Bor rao Orau ce6w Aa-je, ynex je nnocracapana (ivur6orcxtov), Aor je, noBpar-uo, EoNlrja Vlnocrac yBeK ycyrurr{nena (Evor5orov).

Mefyrlrrra, Eepfiajee Bora ugnoAn uz Ungrunda, mojecm nt HeriflocracHe Ha4-cyurruue: Eor ce raKo ,,paha"uz Had-tw\Hor. Tzue ce rpaAr,rrlr4oHilnno xpuuhancxoyr{erbe AoBoAr,r y 3Harny orracHocr. Karo noreplyje sry-cHyra xaoKa Merjya Cnuure: ,,... jep, aparn rr,roj HrExolajeAnercaHAposuvy, jernx xoju ropacrrlre .IIoHcra 3Haqu Aa6oxascxa Tpojuqa Hr,rcy BeqHu y o6nr.rxy raran je caAa-rumr.r [...] jep 6oNancxa Tpojlrua cy r.BBeAeHr.r, 'pofeun' rasBorona.{artcroa o rojeu ce Hr4lxra no3}rrl,IBuo He Moxe Ka-nru" (COF,722).

102

Cnenehr.r je4nor pycKor rlpaBocJlaBHor euncrona (Cf.:CCn, 99), r.r CunHra je Eeplajena Ha3Bao ,,3aroqeHnKoMcro6oAe". MoxAa je uoryhe Lollurt4 4a je oH ,,3aroqeHuxUngrunda", oa rojer rbera lI lberoBa yqelba, Kao rI cBaKora,uoxe ocro6oAr{Tr4 TeK Jby6an Oqa, una ry6an lpeMa cna-cerLcKr.rM yqer+r4Ma Oqennx oraua. ,{a tn 6u cseru fpraro-pnje lalar',ra Eeplajeny y3Bparl,Io KaKo ,,Bor nuje Mojcnjyperao 'Ja cau Ungrund Hero 'Ja jecau Cyutmu'? - b riv:Onaj rcoju jecme; (Tpujade,3,2, l2). H sap uuje cBerlr enI,I-cKorr H3 Huce xagao: ,,JegHo je lojaru 6uha*, a Apyrc caMuauuu nocmojarca (rp6noq r5ndp(eroq) 6uhq*. Oryaa ceHl,rrura o Eory He Mo)Ke 3Harn HI{ [peuI,I3Ho pehu, ocuu roga Ou nocrojra r.r 4a Ou jecre raj Koju jene" (Vita Moysis;Contra Eunomium [XCn, 20]). Xpuuhancxo orKpuBerbe,[ocpeAoBaHo 6u6nujcxov ocHoBoM I-{pxne, crora yrryhyjeHa oHo urro Jlnquocrn Cyune Cnere Tpojr,rqe orxpunajy oce6u: oHo ne yrasyje Ha HeuJro urro Haruxyje ua reocoQ-cKe cneKynauuje xoje npecrynajy reoJIoIIIKo Mepuno cBe-Tonr{caMcKe I4nI{ qpKBeHe caHIacHocTl,I oTaua (consensuspatrum).

2. Yrryruherr.ro Eeplajeny jour jeaaH npnronop. Taj[puroBop ce Moxe Ha3Barr,I npl4roBopoM n3 ,,HeeKoHoMuq-Hocmu" AoKrprrHe o Ungrundu. llpo6leu je y rolte rurorpaAr.rqr4oHzlJlHo cBeroorar{Ko yqerbe l-{pxne e eh nocegyjecpeAcrBa r.t rnroryhuocrv na 3acryfia u pa:nr,rja ynpaBo oHos6or ueraje Eeplajen cMarpao aaje HeorxoAHo yBecrlr Ho-Ba, r4 To napaxpuruhaHcKa yqelba. Aroje ro rarlHo, oHAa ceMoxe K€Baru ga EeplajeubeBa yHrpyHAolornja raAa rtoAyAap OrarraoBor ,,ceqllBa". Bmujau Orcau (William Oc-kham, 1285-1347) je rpocnaBuo Aplrcrorelon MeroAorlo-IrrKlr caBer rto KojeM ,,eHTI4rerI,I ne 6n rpe6ano Aa ce yMHo-xanajy axo HeMa HyxAe 3a ro". Ca,ua heuo BIrAer[ KaKoEeplajee npecryfia MeroAoJrourKI'I Al,tKryM ulro fipenopy-.ryje uacrpojelbe npeMa je4uocrannocrn xoja rIaK Mopa

103

HaAoApebr.rBarr.r cBaKy r,Bfpaarby reoplde. To ce leno Aayorr[rr4 Ha ABa [p[Mepa.

flpna nprzuep: (A) axo je aoxrpuHa o Ungrundu yne-AeHa KaKo 6r.r spltur'a cnojy ,,cynep$yurr1r.rjy" napaAo-xcujcxe 3arrrr[Te vr,rcrepuje BoxaHcxor nocrojana, o4uo-cuo nocrojama Eoxancxor, oHAa ce Mopa ycraHoBrrrr,r KaKoTaKaB ,,MexaHu3aM", oAHocHo yqene, ueh locroju yrryTapcBerooraqror lpeAarba llparoclanue l]pnee oA Hcrora.flonorruo je cnorr,reuyrv Ea Corpus Areopagiticum v apeo-larfi TcKa rpaluunja Jr tlrr HocHo-anoQarru rcor 6oroc nor Ha-rba Ha Hy)KaH 14 AoBoJbaH Ha-+wH uJTu-tw"" TajHy Bora, 6oro-orKpr4Berba rr rrpKBeHor HcKycrBa clo6oAe oA cBlrx Bpcra,xaro 6n Bepfajeo pexao, ,,o6jexrunaunje". To eaNr,r .{ax urrporrrB oue o6jerruyauuje xojy rpulu EeplajeB KaAa Ao-KrpnXy o Ungrundu, KaKo yoqaBa H. O. Jlocxn, rofpe-utHo"" noucmoeehyje cg) {erbeM [wouucuja Apeonarure oEoxancrcou ..HuujTa"."o

uo To-|e.ua y3opnr Haqr{H noxa3aHo, peLInMo, y Ae:ry Xpucra Janapa-

ca, Xajdezep u fiuonucuje Apeonazum, npeBoa: jeporuouax MaxolnBacn,'reruh, Cseru C[NreoH Muporouunu, Bprsavna Bawa, l99j(abbr.: X!A).ot

-[oc,.r, Hnro:raj O., I4PO, 330; To npr.ruehyje u Qyap, Hyrco: ,,no-ryruaje Eeplajeea aa Ungrund nolrcroseru ca Eoxancxura Hnrura

cnr4cuMa crBopeH[iM noa rseroBnM yrlrqajev - a cacBfiM je qpyroTBpAHru Aa cy ro 3aMrrcJrr{ ucroBerHe u3BopHoM.{nonucujeaov o,ru-cny, rd. cMr.rcny Itrro ra je I-[prna apeonarnrcxoj reolonajra aana. OyTHUaJy CBeTOOTaqKe MUCTr4qKe TeOJrOftrJe H Ha HeMaqKe MlrcTrrKecpeArf,er BeKa, Br4gerr4: Ancelet-Hustache, Jeanne, Master Eckhartand the Rhineland Mystics, Harper / Longmans, NY / London, 1957,5-21 et passim.

104

IIpe nero ruro BrrAlrMo y KoM cMLIcny rperuta EepfajenKaAa Hrdrxra Ungrundua flolrcroBehyje ca, KaKo Kaxe, ,,Eo-xaHcKr,rM Hr,rurra" [uouucuj4 Balba yKa3au4 Ha HeKoJII,IKOBeoMa 6urnux crBaplr Koje olaxuanajy [ol,IMarbeEeplajennene fperrKe.

flpno, uara oAMax yrro3oprrril ra cmlapHocm xoja oa-roBapa,{r,ronracujeeoM EoxaHcxoM,,Hr4[ITa" rpe6a pasy-Merr{ Kao jeAuo ,,Hurrra" Koje unru je Hernro uenocrojehevnvHe1krhe (or)6b tr t6lv orSr 6vtcov ... 6ot\v; PG. 3, MT:1048 A), uurz je Herrrro uocrojehe wru6uhe (o06b tt t6v6vtov 6ociv; \9, 3, MT: 1048 A). Jep, BoxaHcrso LUU{Eorouaqarcreo"' (t\v 0eapliav) Onora Koju je ,,I,I3HaAcBera HaAcyurrn" (inbp no-vxa trn6po6oq; PG, 3, MT:1000 B), a Ha Kojer ce ro ,,Hnurra" o4Hocu, cro6oguo jeoA cBaKor nocrojeher [nr.r Henocrojehef BuAa 6uha (,,cy-urnue") vnv BHg:a He6wha (,,uecyurrltue"). A ro je raxocrora urro je On cacnrarra c oHy cmpaHy cseza flocroieher LrHerrocrojeher Kao raKBor (... ro0 fidvtcDv crn],61qtinoleXup6,vou Kcr\ bn6rervcr, rdrv 6l"ov, PG, 3, MT: 1048B). Jour BaxHlrje, [nonuclrjeno anconyrHo rrpeBacxoAcrBoEorouaqarcrBa, Ha Koje ce oAHocl4 To ,,BoxaHcKo HtIuIta",KaKo ra Ha3vBa Eepfajen (a v H. O. Jlocru 3a trI{M), jecre

,,Huura" caMo y ycnozHo.M cMI,Icny. To suaqu Aa ce rlrMeo3HaqaBa Apyfocr, HecrBopeHocT, Helncrpaxl{Bocr 14 a[co-JryrHa Hec[o3HarJblrBocr (Purr,r I I ll) EoxancKux crBapHo-crl{ BofoHarrulJrcrBa. Te crnapuocru EoroHaqalcrBa Mory0e,y moM cMlrcJry, cr,rM6onlBoBar[ Kao AfioHllcnjeao yra-3r,rBarbe Ha BoxaHcKo ,,Huurra". OryAa je raupano HeAo-BOJbHO yMeCHO, [peMAa Hr4je HerarrHo. ],IMeHoBarpr crBap-

t'7 Caxeroc'rn paarl, oBAe herrlo ,(uoHllcujeBe repMI,IHe Eoronaqar-

crno (ti1v Oeopliav) n Eoxancrso (fi Oe6t6) Kopllcrl4rln Kao cuHo-HwrHe, npeM1a ux oH caM nr.rjanclrpa 3aBI,rcHo oA xosrexcra. Hnax,oHH yKa3yJy HA UCmy CTBapHOCT - Ha HaACflO3HaJHO lt HaACyIITTOcreyrpoxyjyhe Tprajeano Euhe Foxuje.

t05

Hocrl4 (ArloHucnjeBof) BoronaqalcrBa cuHTafMona,,Bo-xaHcKo Hutrr3", KaKo ro vuuu Beplajen (a ocnu Jlocror[Cf.: Exc. l],68 ro nprrxBara na.tvrnkr n Hyxo).

Apyro, rr c rHM y auperrnoj Be3[, caM [uotucnje pa-guje ropracru Apyfe repMr,rHe r,r cr,rHTarMe Kaxo 6n saze.a-r{I4o alconyrHy rpaHcueHAeHTnocr EorosaqalcrBa v[prnax Boxaucrna Eoxujer (i 6nbp navro @e6rqq,, PG, 3,DN: 980 D; tQ ncivto {rnep6lovc; PG, 3, MT: l00l A).fonopehn y r(oHreKcry a[oQarr.rqKux yuraNena (taglzrovoBdoerq; PG, 3, MT: 1025 B) npexo c6ux Bpcra - nnorBpAHr4x r.r oAp[r{Hr,rx - repfelra (r5nbp n&oav rcr\crrpaipeotv rai 06orv; PG, 3, MT: 1000 B) o Bory, onno-cno EoroHar{€rJrcrBy, ,{r.roHr,rcnje sa Eorouaqa[crBo He Ko-pl,Icrt4 clrHTarvry ,,EoNaucxo Hr,rurra", Beh, [pe, HaqIlHecreAehnx cr4HrafMr,r u oApebema. Ha npulrep, y cnucy Mu-cmuqKq meonoeuja Borouaqalcrnyjyhu Eor He noKpr{Ba cecIrHTatMoM nonyt ,,EoNaHcKo HI,IIIITa", Beh cre4ehllN,r r,ts-pa3l,{Ma:,,r,r3HaA cnera Ha4cyuITLr",,,cBe llpeaacxo4ehH",,,cBeqeJlo Henosuar(u)". Tarofe, y cm.{cy O Eocrcaucxutt'tuJv,eHutura [r,ronr.rcuje 6upa ga Kopr{crr4, peur{Mo, cneaeheH3pa3e ra o4pelema (pa.unje Hero cuHrarvry ,,BoNaucxoHuurra"):,,cKpr{BeHo EoxaHcrBo" (tflg rpugtctq, 0e6tr'1toq,,588 A), ,,HaAyMHo JeAno" (r)nbp 6rdvorcrv Ev, 588 B), ,,ne-lrcx€Br4Bo ,{o6po" (tnbp }"6yov riya0bv, 588 B), ,,HaAcy-rura Cyunr.tra" ({lnepo6orog or}oia, 588 B), ,,cKpr,rBeHo ucrenpenacxo4ehe EoxascrBo" (rtg unepouoioo rcr\rpugicrg 0e6rqrog, 588 C), ,,cney:ponyjyhe Boxaucrso"(t?tS ncrvcxrrtoo 0e6tqtog,, 644 B), ,,HaAcyrrrracrBeHacxpnreuocr" (unepouorov rpu<pt6tqrcx, 645 A),,,Helpr{-cryrrHo CBerro" (&npooitou gorbg 708 D), ,,uaAcyurra-

u* V aneH.qrrcy 3a eKcKypce, y oKBr.rpy Ercrcypca l, paerujarrro rpr.rrr.r-ry Jlocrclljene KpnruKe Eepfajena, a c o6:ltpor',r ua npo6neu 6epfaje-BJr,eBof nol.rcrogehuna*a onon ,.Huurra" Ungrunda ca Eoxascxr,nra,,Hllurra" cneror luonucnja Apeonarnra.

106

crnyjyhe HaAcyruro HaA6oxaHcrso" (t?16 [ruepouoioq,{rrueporior1q, tnep0e6tqcog, 981 A) r.r Apyre.

Y venay je, ou4a, najor6umrujrr nporrycr Beplajenaupra noxyuraj y nAeurnQmaqnj e ca,{lrouracraj ervr? Eeplaj enje lruurrena KaKo Hr4rxra Yurpyn4a u ,,Hplurra" Eorona-qrrJrcrBa raa ApeonarnrcKor Koprryca cr.IM6onll3yjy ucrycrBapHocr. Mefyrau, To Hanpocro Hrzje ra'ruo. OA unorprxpa3nora roju ce Mory HaBecrlr y rrpHnor roMe, oBAe HeKa6yAe AonoraH cneAehu, xoju je, cMarpaMo, najnaxuuju:4ox je Eepfajenreno Huurra, aKo He 6esrlrvno, oHAa He-rvtqqo wrrr Ha.rulnqno HaqeJIo. .uoue EoNancKo ,,Huurra"[uolucuja Apeonanme uuxada I{ HHKaKo Hr.rje uuru 6e:-Jr[qHo HHrr{ HaAn[qHo y BepfiajeameaoM cuvtclry. Jep,Apeonarnrcxlr Koprryc, n npeAarbe H3BeAeHo ta3 rrera, HI{r-Ae n HHrrorrrro ne pas4naja ano(bar[rrKr,r MeroA HaAHnaxe-na 6nha (Ha:uaven oHlrM: o6tt / o06b; PG, 3, MT: 1025 B;1040 D et passim) oA ercl,IcreHurjannor HaqeJIa clo6oAe raJII/FIHOCHe OCO6eHOCTI4.

Eeplajenrseno ,,Hurrra" Ungrunda (Nichts) rvroryhe je6es gu|epeuuupaHnx l{flocracu u uelyranocracHllx oAHo-ca, AoK Je To cacBr.rM Henp[xBaTJbI{Bo yHyTap KoHTeKcrarcojra oapefyje pa3yMeBarbe,{uouracnjeBor,,Hlttuta" Eoro-HaqaracrBa. Ha ro yxa:yjy y6eK trvrqlaocHo I4HToHI4paHV Lrs-parlr rojra ce oAuoce ynpaBo Ha crBapHocr ruro je BeplajenBI,IAI,I Kao,{ttouucnjeeo,,EoxaHcKo Hldur'ra". Iocuarpamerhx l.{3pa3a y or(Br4py KoHreKcra jacHo noxaryje Aa ce oHuoAHoce HanurrHocHy crBapHocr Boxancrna, oAnocno Eoro-HaqaJrcrBa Eoxr,rjer. Iouuarre EoNascror ,,Huuta" rog\uouucuja noAp€ByMeBa uajuame ABe crBapl4, u nujeaHaHuje uu auarorujcxu cJIr{qHa EeplajenreelrM rlpeAcra-BAMA.

Yxormo npr{xBarrrMo Aa, cacBuM ycto6Ho, roBoplrMoo HeKoM ,{r.ronucujenou ,,EoNaucrov Huuta", oHAa ce y

,{r,roHncraj en( cx)oj mp adu4uj uo',,Hutttra" EorouaqulJlcrBa

o' floa,,Auorr.rcujercrcou" rpa4r.rqr.rjou noApa3yMeBaMo npeAalsearro{raruvrcon 6ofocrosJba Karso ce o6ruxoseLJIo rrocJle npaBocnaBHof

107

Mox(e ttolaMarll Kao (a) ,,Hurura" HecrBopeHe v wilocracv-pane Cywmuue Boxwje (Hagcyurracrnena Cyunuua), urao (6) ,,Hn[rra" HecrBopeHrrx u trnocracupauux EuepeujaBoxuj nx (npoucxof err a, vMen4 cyrrrrr.rHorBopehe eneprn-je, cule, JroFocH, eorue).

V upnou c.rryvajy (a), cnu6olraryjenao ,,Hurura" Eorarao Eora Jeaauonocrojeher, Cuenpeeacxogeher u Haacy-ruracrBeHof. Haurue, Eor rao Bor ancolyrHo rrpeB€Bvna3r,rcBa crBopema Lr cBeKoJrr,rxy rBopeBHHy cyrxroM ceojov ue-crBopeHoM llplrpolou [nr4 HecrBopeHou Cyrurwnou. By-ayha aa je Eor HadcywmacmleHu (rbv truepo0olov), KaKora,{nonnclrje Ha3vBay Tpelteu nucuy (PG,3, Ep. III: 1069B), Ou je c ony crparry claKoz locrojarua u cBera nocroje-her (cov toO rudvrov i,n6,rervo, PG, 3: l00l A), npra ueuyTo rrpeBacxoferre naNu ?l y oAHocy Ha cBaxo eBeHryanHouenocrojane rr cBe Herrocrojehe. [pyrnM pequMa, pacroja-rre n:rnlefy Bora ra 6oroucrnopen^ux 6nha l.r crBapHocrrrHuje upocropHo Hero cyurruucro:'' ou t6no: ol,l,cr <p6oer,

yreMeJberf,a Apeonazumcxoz Kopnyca, cBaKaKo saxnaryjyhr.r rpygyJosaHa CKuronoJlcKor r4 cBeror Maxcrarraa HcnoneaurKa. Hr ror npe-Aa6a r,rcrr{qe He3aKJ,b)AeHrr Hrae 6orocroea npaBocnaBHor l4croxa,cBe ao aaHrxlbrzx 4aua. Znar, rrHHH ce 4a je caeru fpuropuje flararlra

New Jersey, 1987, ll-24; llocxu Bnaauruup, Eotrcaucxu npuilpaK,.Jlyva" , l-2/1986, 3343.7o Cxo4no jesrponnroj rlopuylaqujn creror Jonaua.{auacru*a'. Ta,a-Ho u3to)rehe npa6ocra6He eepe,I,13 = Migne: P. G., 94: 853 C. yucroM cflr4cy.{auacxuH Kaxe r4 oBo: ,,Fon je 6ecxonaqaH r,r Heaocrrl-xan: jeguHo uITo je y ll'elry Aocrlrxno jecy fLerona 6ecrosaqnocr uneAocrnxnocr" (I,Iznotrerce . ,1,4: Migne: P. G., 94: 800 A).

108

KaKO norBpbyje nelHxl.r Bo3uraBr4reJb npaBocnaBHe (,,uc-rovne") reoJrorlrKe rpa.qflquje cBerlr JoBaH,{auacruH (PG,94, DFO: 853 C). Pacrojane HecrBopeHor Eora oA crBope-sor 6uha, y moM cMI,IcJIy, anconyrHo je uenperuocrnno.CnenpenacxoAehe EoroHaqarrcrBo Eora oAuocu ce yflpaBoHa OHoea Koj[ u Crojorra Cyurunoru u crojotvt Jlnvnourhy- dt tneporiorov - jecre I{3HaA cBera H cBaKe cylurlrHe({rnepouoi<og tneprerp6vrlv fivcrr; PG, 3, MT: 1000 C), avr,rje npr.rcycrno (r.r KaAa 6JIarorBBonI,I Aa ra onlrryjeMo)ocraje lr3HaA cBaKor BlrAJbr4Bor (c6v opcop6vov) r4rn yM-crBeHor (t6v voop6vrov) 6uha, v v3HaA (tlnbp) cBaKe MI4-clu (f1 {lnbp n&ocrv bntvorav cr0coO ficrpoDoiq, PG, 3:1001 A). 3aro ce, y moM cMr.rcJry, Boronaqarcrso Moxe(axo ce aeh xohe) cr4M6onr43oBarr,r Kao ,,H'uutma" y oaHocyHa HaIUe CTBOpeHO r{ CBeOfpaHr{qeHO ,,HeIrrrO". (TO je, US-fJreAa, cM}rcao u pa3nor s6or rojer u H. O. Jlocxr,r vrJrv \aKO. Hyro npnxnarajy Aa roBope o ,,EoxaHcKorra Hnutta"xo4 .{r.roHr.rcnja).

Mefyrurta, qaK r,r KaAa npr4xBarr.IMo Aa roBopl4Mo o roM,,HI4t[Ta", Bilba 3Harl,r Aa oHo HI,Ije HeKo ,,[pil3Ho" (nulla)Mecro HJilr BaKyyMcKo (vacuum) HHruraB[Jro. Jep [uour.r-cr{je Benr,r raxo je BoroHar{ancrBo Eoxuje, AaKJre Eor, ,,...A€rneKo flpe r43HaA rvrr]aBar+,a" (ruoxri erp6tepov dudlvtn6p cdq orep{oerq,; PG, 3, MT: 1000 B). lllranuure, Eo-roHaq€urcrBo noce4yje Ce6e rao nper.lro6lanHy nyHuHy(n?'rlpopa tfr q, 0e6tqrog) rzspaxeny jegEucrnou HecrBope-He CyurrrHe Boxr,rje rr HecrBopeHe JI[.IHocrH Eoxnje. To3Haqr.r Aa ce oHo cr,ru6onnsyje n our,rryje Kao ,,HH[rra" reKc ac[eKTa HeMohr{ cTBopeHe npHpoAe Aa rrpoHr,rKHe y He-crBopeHy Tpuunocracuy Cylrruny ltru lpupo.uy EoNr.rjy.Alu, npana [oeHTa je y ronre ruro Hr,r ra!'a KaEa nojrr,rurraoAa EoronaqancrBo Eora H[je aHanorHo HwleMy nocrojeheuHr4rrr Heflocrojeheu, uu mada ,{uouucnjeeo Eoronaqar-crBo Eora uujetex ognojeua. arrcrpaKrHa unn ueAn$epes-uflpaHa HecrBopeHa,,HaAcyurrlilra" (Hero rpaHcrIeHAeHTHo

109

,,Nichts" norryr Ungrunda!), uero je, nanporun, u maoa ro,,Hurura" EoroHa.rancrBa ynpaBo - sajeauuua Tpzjy ue-crBopeHrrx Jluauocmu roje cnojy HecrBopeHy Cyrurnnyzrr.r flpnpo4y rrrocracr{pajy. gar H Kaila roBopr4 o Eoxu-j eu,,eevuonpenacxof erry" cBera, cnern .{noHucuje, ua ne-oMa VH.4I'IKaTI,IBaH HaqI,IH, KOpI,TCTII nspa: roju na-:Hauyje,He Hrrrrrra, JrrrlreHocr rrJu, [pa3HrzHy, Beh _ nynohy: uau_Me, a3p€8,, np eus o6unu o " (warcyruracrnyj e np eus o 6un u o*aeuno Ha4cyrrrrHr4... r)nepouor6rqrcg 6nepil,r7pr7f 6 d,€tunepo6oro6, PG, 3, Ep IY:1072 A). [r.ronzcrajeso EoxaH-cKo ,,Huuna" ruru je qpa3Ho uecro uuru je ro vrecro 6ee-JrlrrrHo. A oner, aKo ce ouo cl{ru6olr.I3yje xao r,r3BecHo Ha_AyMHO, r{aACTBOpeHO I4 HaA-rrpupo4tto ,,Huuta", oH4a jero uoryhe caMo y cMl.rcny pequ cBeror fpr,rropuja llalarrae:,,Axo je Eor npupo4a, oHAaje cBe ocrirJro ue-nplrpoaa; aronaK oHo ruro je He-Eor jecre npupoAa, oHAa je Eor ze-npu.4oda*, u ruraBurrre, Ou uuje*, aKo Apyrajecracrnaje-cv-t" '

Y apyror cnyrajy (6), rana ce y KoHreKcry crBaparbaAa roBoplrrr.r o odnocy (o16otg) Creopurena 14 crBoperba,o[er ce Soxancrno, oAHocHo Eor, onuryje Kao r43BecHo,,Huura". Alu, nope4 onor,,Hnurra,' HecrBopeHe Cyurru-n_e_Eoxaje, caAa je rarofe cMr.rcJreHo roBoplrrr,r n oJeAHoM,,HIarrra" roje ce oAHocl,r Ha HecrBopeny aony-e*reprujy

loxzjy. To lnaqn 4a je nocpe4tryBLrA y ro Aa crBopene6una crnopeno saxna;ryjyh[ cyrurr.rHorBopehoj

^n^ 6ruhe-

rnopehoj uecrnopeuoj norlr Eoxujoj, rojecr oA HecrBope-Hlrx cuna--€Heprnja (o0otonoGg 8uvdperg) BoNujr,rx, rojece, y oAHocy Ha cmsopeHo,,Heuro" 6nha, oner, npojaery_jy rao lr3BecHo ,,Huurra". Crora je u o 6oxaucrvM BoJba-rua-eneprujava rr,roryhe roBopr{Tr.r Kao o crBapHocruua xojeuasuavyjy H3BecHo,,Huurra".

Aln, raro r4 3aruro je ro uoryhe? 3aro ruro ce oHe,dylyhu HecmlopeHe, HaJra3e y ,,TaMA" [rl,r ,,lpllMpaKy"(eig tbv yv6<pov, PG, 3, MT: 1000 C-D). Atu, zapa3nr{Kyo.[ anconyrHo Herlpr{crynHof ,,Hulrra" uecrnopene Cy-IurvHe, Ka oBoM,,Hr,rrrrra" HecrBopeHl4x eueprnja, oAHocHoKa,,[pr{MpaKy" uecrnopenux euepruja Moxe ce, noAo6Hopeqr,rMo Mojczjy (2 Mojc 20 ts-zt; 19 e), npucrynrrrlr Bp-Ju,rHoM ano$arzvxor n3-cry[arba (Er-ocoorg). To ur-cry-IIaIbe, 3HaMO, noApa3yMeBa HaAuJraxerbe, IIpeMAa He HyKHAarLe crBopeHor 6wha w npupoAe. Tlll4syrus, MLr, y Ha-qeJly, MOXeMO O[r4TOBaTr4-{nO3HaBaTLI Te r,r TaKBe euepn{eKao npocBerJbeHe cyrrrrr4Hornopehe ocHoBe - noroce(l"6yoo6, MT: l00l A) - xoHxperHo locrojehzx Eoxr.rjlrx6uha, o4nouro Eoxraje rBopeBr{He.

Karo norapfyje [nonr.rcnje: ,,Mefyruu, .{o6po Hr.rjecacBr.rM HeflpnracHo 6vhnua, Hero Co6ona rrAaruHo orKprr-Ba HecrBopeHr.r HaAcyruracrBeHu 3paK urro 6uhr,1ua AapyjenpocBerJberba aH€rnorHo nlrxoaoj 4o6pono4o6Hocrr4...,,(O0 pilv drorvolvqr6v i.otr ro061,ou triycObv oo6evir6lv 6vrorv, ol,l.' 6q' bcruto0 povipcog cilv r)neporSorovt6p0oav crx{iva roerg ircciorou t6v 6vtov dva}.6ytogAl,l,tipyeorv drycrOorpendg Enrgaivetar... pG, 3, DN: 5ggC-D). Oryaa HeoHrrrrrKo r.r Heuo3r4rr.rBHo, rlpeMAa peanHo u6uhernopuo, nocrojane HecrBopeHr{x 3paKoBa, eHeprzja ra,qejcrana - yBeK r.rnocracr.rpauux Tpr,rjeallau Eorou, rarco-$e un ua rojra naunn He npeAcraBJba HeKaKBy Jrr,[rreHocr(npuaarno; oo6b ... or6pqotv, PG, 3, MT: 1040 D), HeroyunocmacupaHy nyHuHy 6orou4anor 6oronporacxoAeherxHBora u 6oronpor.rcxoAeher nocrojarra cBaKof crBoperba.KaKo serr,r cneru,{uonucuje: ,,Xeluu sanojarr.r xnany 6u-h e ma o p e h eu np ou cx o dy 6oronaqalcrnyj yher Br.rherasnopacBux 6uha" (dl,Xd rflv o0oronotbv eig cd 6vro novas.tflq 0eop1rrfl6 otroroplia6 np6o6ov 0pvfioar, pG, 3,DN:816 B).

t Csetu fpr.rnopr.rje flalarra4 ftaae euauuxe u meotrowxe..., ll. 7g;Cf.: Migne: P.C:, i50: t 176 B.

l l0 i l l

llpeua roMe, 3a pa3nuKy o.u EeplajeaJbeBor fJreAurura,[nonncujeeo ,,H[[rra" yoex je rrflocracupaHo u uurcada6es JlrqHocru Cyurre Cnere Tpojuqe, xojuua npr4fiap:a xroje ra Hoce: He Kao npil3Hrrlry, neh xao rryHnHy - rryHr.rHyHecrBopeHor Eoxancror Euha u HecrBopeHof BoxaucxorXnnora. Hapanno, To Baxrl sa o6a Br{Aa noA xojurraa je,ycnoBHo r{ TexHrrrrKn, uoryhe roBopl{Trr o roM ,,H[Iura" ygwouncujencxoj rpa4lquju. [axre, v 3a ,,Hvtr]Ta" HecrBo-peHe HaAcyrxracrBeHe Cyurruue (f1 {lneporioroq otoio?2)ra 3a ,,Huulra" HecraopeHnx cylurr4Horuopehux Enepruja(o0oronorbg 6uvciperg). (HapanHo, Eeplajennena r.rHreH-III,IJA NOCEI{E 34 NPBUM BI4AOM: YqEBE O HECTBOPEHI'IM

eueprr,rjanaa rreny je, 14 vnase, lpl,urr,rqHo crpano.) O Hey-Kl4Ar4Bo Jrr.rqHocHoM KapaKTepy ano$aruuror our,rra [peA-craBJbeHor Corpusom cBeAoqu, peur4Mo, Xpncro Janapac:,,...'nr.rurra(Bulo)' 6orocnoBcKof anoQarrtMa Heus6exno6I,r AosoAuro Ao arHocrr4rlri3Ma, a pacrojane usvely Eora14 cBera ocraJro 6l,t saroHerHo, Aa r,rcKycrBo Thxne Huje 6e:oAcrynarba lrHcr4crr,rpano Ha nuu H o c H oM Haqr,rHy nocroj a ruaEora... (XAA, 87)"; utn: ,,... uuwma(Baaro) 6orocloncrorano$arusua, oAHocHo reMeJb cnera uocrojeher xoju je ar:-eau Bora (useau jeglrno flocrojeher), jecy ynpano Euepzu-je* Eoxwje, oAHocHo rr,roryhnocr Eoxascxor JrlrrrHocHornocrojarra Aa r,r3-cryrra ce6e [...] ocrnapyjyhn croje nocro-jarre n cnoj xnaor usaaH cBora flocrojama" (XAA, 89).

H Hajsa4, xaAa AlloHucuje u reorro3r4 apeonarr4rcKerpa4lrqr,rje o Eoroua.{alcrBy Kaxy xaxo je oHo ,,Be3r.rMeHo"

t' To.lecre (r.r) n:par cneror fpuroplrja flaraue (peuuruo, us cnuca OEozonpojaeaaa [Migne: P. G., 150: 937 A]. Aru, flanaua ce y rr.rMcnHcHMa 6anu reuarlrxov :a xojy ce Moxe aoKa3arn aa je rcuympaIroBe3aHa ca,{uouucujenon reoronujou (napoulrro, ca,{r.ronr.rcuje-Br.rM cnrlcoM O 6otrcaucruv uileHuila, Migne: PG, 3, 585 A - 996 E),KaKo reMarr{Ke xoja ce oAnocu na Hecrnopeuy_CyrxrrrHy E_o5ujy raxou reMarr4Ke xoja ce o4Hocr.r Ha HecrBopeHe EHeprnje, .{ejcrna r.rrIlrflponcxo4e Eoxuje.

t t2

(...oi Oeol.oyor, Kcr,\ aq avc|vupof c0ti1v tpvo0or, PG,3, DN: 596 A), rvMe He ra-syjy (xaxo 6n crvrarpao Beplajer)Ea v3lHan, Jlu,{Hocrn Eora nocroju HaAJrlrrrHo r,tna 6esruqHoHavero, neh noxasyjy raro je cJruqHocr l43Meby BoxujeH€CTBOpeHe r4 HelrcKa3rrBe JIMqHOCTT,T (,,HrUeHa") r'r HaruecTBOpeHe JTHqHOCTTT a[COnyTHO aHanOrr4jCKU yCnOBHa. Jep,

,,Be3r.rMeHu" jecre I4ME 3a OHora rojr.r je ,v3HaA cBaKorHMeHa", TyMar{}r 6oxaucxu r{raoHr,rcnje.

Mouo 6u ce, npeluMr,rHapHo, 3aKJb) rrrrr4 xaro Bepfa-jeereeo yqeme o Ungrundu u uAeHrlrQuxaquja EesAaHa caBoxancrnu Huuna 4uonncujencKor artoQarfi:rvra ocrajyHeynr{THn ycngA HenpaBlrJrHor no3HaBarba cBeTooTaqKorryMaqerba AoKrpr.{Ha l-{prue. To je uapovr.rro oqrrrJreAHo Hanpr.rMepy ,{uouucujenor yqerLa o ano(paruuroj crpanra Eo-FoHaqaJrcrBa. Csaraxo Aa HeKe o4 [r,ronr.rcr{ewrx Qoprvry-raqr{a Mory 3aBecrrr Eeplajeaa, r,r He caMo }bera, Aa y rbr4-Ma Bnar{ 3HaKe KoJu oAroBapaJy caApxaJr,rMa lleroBor yqe-lba o oHoM Hnrura Qrlichts) Ungrunda. Y xpajnoj r'uuuju,ro je nocle4nqa nerr,rMr4r{uor ulutu nocpeAHor, a He [po-Ay6$eHor, n3yqaBar6a Apeonarurcu4x crruca. Haunre, nr,rjer43BecHo aa je EepfajeB r4Mao He[ocpeAaH yBr{A y crrlrcecBeror [uoaucuja. To ocraje raKo ynpKoc rcKa3r4Ma fAe,peqr,rMo, Kaxe KaKo: ,,... rlcroqHrr reolotu-QulocoSrz no-nyr cBeror fiuoaucuja Apeouarnra n Maxcxua I4cnoneA-nuxa jecy MeHu KoHfeHujatlrr.u" (SSA,436).

Joru uaxHuje, flpeAarbcxa yqerba I-{pxee HcrrrHr4ro cBe-Aoqe y npunor ucmux \urbena rojuua rexu r{ KJraMapcKr4Pyc. ,{axaro, ur{JbeBa xoju o4ronapajy npuuary AyxoBHoronr,rTa Haa paurroH?rnHr,rM 3HarbeM; npr,rMary Jll{rrHocTrr r.raranrajcror epoca HaA 6e:luqnun onurrocrrrMa u coulro6u-oJrorlrKrrM KoHrnoMeparuMa; lrprlMary cro6oge HaA arr-c'rpaKTHt4M cyruTnHaMa, r,rnu [pBeHcTBy AyxoBHe KpeaTlrB-t.rocrr,r HaA Aarr,{M, crarlrrrKrrM rr 3arBopeHrlM 6zherra etc.

V xonxperuola cnyuajy, npfi uor.rMarby Auouracnjen-cror Eoronaq€LlrcrBa, r4 MrrcJreHux ronoca c rr,rM y Be3rr, qrr-

I 13

Hlr ce Aa Eeplajeny, Hajnnure, ue4ocraje exnucujaauo r,o-cpeAoBaHa neKTlrpa cBerHX orarla, a Hapoquro cneror fplr-ropnja llalaue" roju, pasyue ce, [peAcraBJba Kpyrry no-Merryre apeonarrrrcKe rpa4nqr.rje reolornje, ca rojou Eep-lajeu nperenAyje Aa ce :6lnxu u, y o4pefeHrrM rar{KaMa,nor,rcroBerrr. ,{axle, ra4a je pev o Eepfajeay, nolrcronehe-rbe ca cBerooraqKoM rpa4uqujou xpr,rurhaucrna He Moxece, He cacBr,rM r,r 6eg ocrarxa, yreMeJbI,ITI{ Hu y oHuM TaqKa-va roje 6n, cnona rrreAaHo, rpe6ano \a 6yry Mecra caBp-rrreHor noKJranarra (e. g. yteme o JrrrrrHocrrr, cno6o4u, .4y-xy wnu naK TpaHcr{eHAeHTHocrLr EoNaucrna y cMr.{cJry uo-MeHyror Boxancxor ,,Hurura"). Crora, Ha ocHoBy paHr,rjenoKa3aHor, nepyjertro Aa cleAehe peun Hr.monaja Alercau-ApoBuqa noxpunajy r,r nore3e pyKe rrrro wxje ucnucata ,,...y voje 4o6a je orfloqeJro noce6no 3aHorrrer6e prcroqHr,rMrIpKBeHr,rM orllrMa, rojuua je vecro npnnlrcnBaHo oHo rrrroce KoA rbrrx He Moxe Hr4 nponahu" (CCII, 218). - Ynpa-BO TAKO.

Apyrn npr.rMep: (E) aro je 4oxrpnua o Ungrundu no-craBJbeHa raxo 6u SyurquouucaJra u Kao aQupruaqraja rrao-ryhnocrr.r 3a ayreHTlrrrHo crBapanarurBo, y cMvcJry ynofe-rba paAr4KiurHor novuma y nocrojarre, oHAa r.r ry uoryh-socr eeh 6aurrusu cBerooraqKo yqerbe r4 r,rcKycrBo l{prnexoje ce oAHocr,r na Boxr.rje crBaparle Hu r43 qera, rr Ha qoBe-Ka Kao rlxony Boxr.rjy. Pauuje cMo BrrAeJrr{ Kogrpaapry-rr.renr [ejrr.rca Bepnaua y rojev je norarao rcaxo Beplajeeparluonalr.rsyje uucrepujcKr4 acneKr rrpKBeHor yqelba ocreatio ex nihilo.

'" O cyurrlrHcrou :Ha.rajy nirJraMr.rrcKof npeaana :a pareojnpaBocnaBHor- t[rurocotfcxor a reoJ]orrrKor rrorJreAa Ha cBer (roje ,,...3axTeBa aa My ce BpaTH 3acnyxeHo MecTo 14 3Haqal ... crBapaJraqKr4HacraBaK ra parnoj") y6egrsuno roaopra jeaan oa soAehrax pycxr.rxn?uraMoJrora: Xopyxnj, Ceprej C., ,\unmux o muxoeaby: acKerncKoyverbe o soseKy y 6ozocnoecxou u Qutoco$crcou myr4aqetuy, [peBoA:Mupocran l4naHonuh, EPI4MO, 6eorpa4, 2002,ll et passim.

114

[o4ajrrao ca,ia s cleAehe: aKo ce sa Ungrund He Moxepehu aa BoAr4 .uyanl43My 3aro ruro je ro ntacrepuja, oHAa ceHr,r 3a rpaAurlrroHturuo yr{elbe o crBapalby ,,Hvt vt3 qeta" ueuoxe pehu, xaxo xohe Eepfajen, aa BoAr.r uouu:nry. Aru,satrrro? 3aro urro u owo maxofie npeAcraBJbjy. Aro je raj .rnu uucrepr.rja, a cBaKaKo jecre, ueuy ongaoA6aqusane rpaAnu[oH€rJrHor ,,ex nihilo" yqerba Be3aHorsa raj vzn? 9eruy ro oA6aquearbe 3acHoBaHo ua cynmnnojnpeMr4crr aaje .roBeKosa cro6oAa (pnxrunua aro je crrope-Ha? Vosexosa clo6oAa cBaKaKo je xa4pa aa crBopu Herlrorlrro Hr,rKaAa rr HlrrAe ur.rje nocrojano: AaKJre, Herrrroeo. Y rorrae ce xpraje rbeHa HenarBopeHa rajaucrBeHocr.Oeuoveuolornja crnapararlKof quHa ro loropfyje. Pea.n-Ha JeII{HCTBeHOCT I4 OCBeAOT{r,IBa HeIOHOB,.bIiBOCT HOBOr

AOBOJbHa Je 3a yTeMeJbel6e r4HOBaUr4JCKOr OAHOCa npeMa

crery nocrojana. Huje norpe6Ho nocrynrrparr.r.ua je vone-rcona clo6oAa ,,HecrBopeHa", Te ga oHa nperxoAu ra Eory-Crnopureny. kl ro g6or rora urro EeplajeB cMarpa AacrBopeHa cro6oAa npeAcraBJba noeuHky flporuBper{Hocr.Crnapane ,)Hr4 vr3 vera", joru 6ore: ,,Htt ll3 Hr.{.{era", 3HavfiyrrpaBo ro 4a BoNnja BoJba HaAJroruqKr crBapa cBe rurorrocTojr,r y BVIy JecTacTaBa KoJa cy y oHTonorxKoM cMHcnyHona. Eyayhu 4a je uoeer crBopeH no o6pary ra no4o6ujyTor u raKBof Bora, n oH Moxe Aa crBapa uono. Mefyuau,H3 TOra He CneAU KaKO Je OH HyXHO rrOCeAHr,rK HeCTBOp9H9cyrurrrHorBopehe luu 6uherropehe BoJbe, Hlrrl{ cnerv Ia.je merono crBapilJrarrrrBo rex uMr.rraqraja nnra $uHrupameaKo naK npeMuca o ,,HecrBopeHocrtr" rroBeKoBe clo6oAeur,rje narraua vrv rtcrr4nt4Ta. Zcxycrro crBapanarrrrBa co-6orr.r ro aoraryje.

(f) floyxa

Pesymaru Harrlx pa3Marparba Hanaxy HaM Aa yqen eo Ungrundu He rrpvxBaruruo. .{oayrue, oHu He cnpeuanajy

I t5

yro3HaBarbe ca pinno3r4Ma s6or xojrx je raxno )qerbe yBe-aeHo. Lllrasurue, HeKlr oA Ttrx piBnora, no ce6u, racnyxyjyBeJrlrKo norrrroBarse. Pa:loglr r,r Morr,rBr,r s6or rojux je Bep-lajee nocerao ra Ungrundom r.r 3arr.rM pa3Brro cnojy ueoHo-aorujy, Tr,rrry ce xepojcxe oa6paue HecBoAuBe, HeyHarur4-Be r4 r,rHrerpanue uucrepnje Clo6oAe u 6oxaHcror il>rya,''ca xojuu oH clo6oAy uajpaguje uoHcronehyje. Tarny lro-TnBaur.{jy, qr,rHr4 ce, yBaxaBa 6laronauosa oueHa Huxola-ja O. Jlocxor: ,,VIMa rryau xoju y caojoj peBHocrr{ m 6ytynehu npanocnaBrlr,r oA rpaBocnaBJba, ocybyjy 4jenarnocrBeplajena Kao oracHy no I{prny. Ouu :a6opae hajy [...] rcIrpKBeHa flpaKca r,r rpaAlrrlr4onalno 6orocloBcKo yqerbe rra-re oA MHorrx HeAocraraxa, xoju ot6wjajy tuupoKe Apy-IrIrBeHe clojeee [...] Aa 6u ce csu Bparanlr y Kpr4no I_{prcne,HeolrxoAaH je pa.u raKBor unpjanuua [...] rojn je yrarlrnaoAa ce Tlr HeAocTaur,r Mory yKnoHr4TV, A Ia Ce He HaHeCerrrrera reMeJblrua xplruhanc xe I_{pxue" (l4P O, 3 32).

Taxno ynaxaBane rr flpracryrr, cBaKaKo, ue rpe6a aasao6r4ra3e Hr{ Apyrr4 ryMar{[ Beplajennenor 4ela. Hapo-t{r,fro He aKo ce cerr,rMo Eeplajeerenor aneJra us 1927. ro-4uHe: ,,Ja Mory BeoMa aa rpetrlrrM, a.nr.r rraoja aorua unjeycMepeHa Ha lnrpaArby nere jepecra [...] Ja ce6e cxsarar\4Kao oHofa xoju ce xpehe y cQepu npo6neMarr.rqHof y xplr-urhaucrny lr 3aro Kao oHora rojn aorryruta pa3nlrqura Mrr-rrrJrerba r4 3axreBa crBapanarrKl.t Hanop Mrrcnu" (AI,I.C, l2).Anu, ro 3*av'v na, y rorr,r cnyvajy, peur.r u cyrecrr.rie Jlocxorrpe6a npnueHr.rrr,r r ua c6uor Eepfajena. Kpehyhrz ce yc$eplr npo6neMarrntrHor z roa EeplajeBa, cMarpaMo Aa Ba-rra n BeplajeBJbeBe HeAocrarKe yKJrarbarrrr, AoAyrrre, y3 no-Kyrrraj na ce He HaHoctr r[TeTa TeMeJb[Ma rLet'oBe xpu-ruhascxe clrHre3e - y Meprr y xojoj je ro yonurre lroryhe

(flotllro HeKu IberoBrr HeAocrarl]r, [naK, Hl,rcy caMo [oBp-urr,rncxn!). 3a noverax, To 3Haqn xaxo rpe6a HcroBpeMeHo4a 6y4euo oAMepeHlr tt Kpr,rrr4r{Hr.i. Anu - 6es rtulroewa yxfinep3l,InorcKu eKcrpeMu3aM ocyaa lrro na4ajy r.rcnoa re-opnjcxor HrBoa pacnpane, u 6es eneeauuje y tu6epanu-cTLITTKHeHTLIMeHTZUIHI4 eKCTpeMI,I3aM nOXBa[a KOJ e TaKO-

!e o4,rase npero py6ona oAroBopHor reopr.rjcxor pa3Ma-Tparba.

llpurrrepa 3a npBy Bpcry eKcrpeMn3Ma, Haxarocr, rrManpeBr4ue. FLlrx xapaxrepr4rrre oAcycrBo KarrauuTera 3a Bo-fene 4ujaaona Ha reopujcKoM HHBoy, 3aKpxJbanu ceH3r4-6ltrurer 3a IIoIrIToBarbe HenarBopeHr.rx npojana renuja-nno-cru 14 cneqilQnvna apcra Qapncejcrea y AoMeny reoJro-ruxo-Qunocor[cre xynrype. Taxsu cy, peur.rMo, r4HKBr43rr-ropcKr.r nau$leru urr.r u:jane y xojnrua ce Eeplajen crur-uaruayje Kao ,,HoBrrHap" y Qruoco$uju utrw raK Kao ,,Mpa-qaH Ayx" orpe3ao y npenecr. Tarsu Herarr4Br4cruqKr,r opH-jeHrurcaun ryMar{fi ue yuaxaeajy noyKy cBeror BacnnrajaBelnror us Eecede XXil,'t carnacHy MeroArr ,,ceJreKTuBHepeuenuuje" (Musurillo). Ha npuuep, rraKo He Hacryna canosuquje $auaruvne oa6paue npaBoBepHocrH, Xajueuau(F. H. Heinemann), Ha r{HAr4KarrrBaH Haqr4H, yapyxyje ue-cxBararbe ca oxonourhy KaAa 3a Eepfajena, rorono saje-AJbr.rBo, Kaxe Aa je ro: ,,nocx4ryyjyhu $lrnocor$ [...] rurocKaqe Ao rpajena cnnx crnaplr"'" r4 Kojr,r, ToMe nprrAe, ,,oA-6auyje crer".

I4axo orau feopn{e Koqerros u caM, AoAyrre caMo HaMax, AaJe rrpr,rMep cKJroHocTr,r Ka ApyroJ BpcTr4 ecKTpeMu-rua (na:ueajyhu Feplajera Snroco$onr xojn je ,,rpBr4 ro-cJre anocroJra flasra cxBarrro xpnurhancry aHrponoJroru-

tt Cu"r" Baclurraje Beruxu, O xopucmu xojy uaaduhu uozy cmehzt

uuman eu jetuucKux cnuca, Migne: P G., 31: 176 A et passimtt' H"in.rnunn, F. H., The Mystical Anarchist, Cf .:,,Existentialism andthc Modern Predicament", Harper & Brothers, New York, 1953. Cf.:Nucho. EPNF. 176.

7a Eepfaienrero cxBararte ,,Iy*a", aoAyrxe na at[upnarunaH HaqlrH

u 6e: noce6ne npo6reuam:aqr.rje, rerr,raru:yje Mapuoc fI. Eersoc:Cf.: Mn61(oo, Moptou fI., T6 xveipa orrj gdooogia rcDMnep wt d e p,,, lp qy6p t og 6 IIa I ap dg ", r. 7 7 / 199 4, 227 -242.

116 r17

jy"77), unax, ylpKoc roMe, yfipaBo Koqerxos sacnyxyje[axrby s6or rora rrrro np[xBara rrpenopyqJbun via mediaflpunlrKoM TyMaqena Fepfajenrene M[cJrr,{. On cnrarpa 4ane rpe6a rneAarr,r caMo Ha Ungrund neh, naxHuje, Ha ,,4yx"Eeplajeerewrx HaMepa. To uoxe noJrfrnrr.r cpehnraje :a-KJbyr{Ke r.r nno4uuje pa3yMeBarbe rberoBr,rx 4oxrpr,rHa. ,{o-Ayrrre, qaK H raj caBer na.ra ycuojnu - cum grano salis.Eso tura MHcJrr4 Koqerron:

Eep$ajeu je goHeo yfneA xprlrrrhancrou fHocrr4url-3My'o - zurH, He ouov jeperr.rvKof rfina - nocnrarpajyhrzjeauHcreo cBera y rreronoj jepapxr{croj crpyKrypr,l,Kao r.r xr4Bor rcoju je ca rlrMe rroBe3aH. Ou je usrpa4uoc r,rcreM ueo6j exrun rapaHor r{ HelrAeuurr,r3oBaHor ca3 Ha-na o Eory, cBery, xnBory tl qoBeKy; ue lu6ehu ce,npI,I ToM, aa Koprrcrn r{ Mr,rroJroreMe y rseroeoj u3rpaA-BI,r, cJrIlrIHo nocraBJbalby 'cKera' (Ungrund*, AgaNIKaAruon... etc.). Mefyruv, jacuo je da ca 3a6pwa6a-heM cmpyKmype CUcmeMa, U MU, U OH, Hcua3u,r/to CGeMahy u Matuy nompe6y sa mau 'cKeraMa'* - ro jecJrurrHo co$raonorujn KoA rbeMy xourenujanHor ouaCepreja Symarona (fBI{)

Ocrannajyhu Ha crpany nr,rrau,e Mepe Ao roje ce Un-grund ra Apyrl{ HeorHocrrrrrrKrr KoHcrpyKTtl Mory cMarparxmerc Qyvxl\uoHzuIHI,IM ,,cKeraMa", rrlr,r henro, ulraK, lptrxBa-Tvtrv ra r-rraje 6es MyApocrr.r caBer Aa ce Eeplajen carJreAa-Ba r.rHTerpirnHo. To gnaqu - 6eg 3aHeMapr,rBarba KoHTeKcraAaror cyuroM cBpxoM rojoj $ymqnoHilJrHo cnyxe crpyK-rype rberoBe Qruocorfuje. Ou s cau ro caneryje KaAa rBp-

gu'. ,,Moja ucefi sa 6esepauuvuou cno6odou uopa 6umunourv,eHa rcao ntoja pacnpqra ca c6en1oM, a ue ca Eo-zoM* ." '' On je nr,rue crpeMl,Io 6pncany na)I(HrIX. fpaHll.ua unpeBa3l4n axeby cyxe Hr4x nepcne KTIrBa,,o Q LIIIT.IJ enHof '. Te-onorrrKor u Qunoco.tpcxor clo3Harba, HeroJII{ nocraBJbalbyHoBr.rx KoHcrpyrur.rja, peuuMo, y cMucny ysrpynaolorujevnv napaxpvruhaucre Mucrr.IKe. Mopa 6uru aa je EeplajencrpacHrzje xeneo aa aeKoHcrpyurue o6jerrueaqnjy y reo-lourxo-$r.rnocoQcroj ncropr.rju, reopujra n flpaKcu - y AMeclo6one y Xpucmy - HeroJlu 4a a$upunue cnoje y^lelbe oUngrundu. To je ueonxoAHo Ap)Karlr Ha yMy paArl npaBrln-nuje rz npaaeAHuje ouene.

Ta noeHra Moxe ce [nycrpoBarlr flpeKo npI4MeHe ep-Mr4HeBrrrqxor o6pacqa xojr.r orvroryhyje la Eeplajen:renoyqeH,e o Ungrundu fiocMarpaMo Kpo3 Tpn nepcneKTI,IBer,rcroBpeMeHo. Taj o6pasall l4Hreplperaql,tje Hasnanu cN,Io,,KeHorur{Ko-nujalexruuxu". Vuyrap raKBor o6pacqa no-cTaBwJrrl cMo Tpu epMI.IHeBTu'{Ka oKBI4pa 3a TeMaTn3aIIHJyUngrunda: ( 1 ) yHrpyuacKo-MeoHl{r{ KIt, (2) xpucrolotuKt t H(3) aHrpononourru. YHyrap npBot'oKBI,Ipa (1) Ungrund cenpojanryje xao HexpuurhaHcKn fipopacr y rKIrBy rpaAlrrrl]-oHaJrHor cBerooraqKof yqerba I-{pree. Kao uro 3HaMo, l.l3-Merrrrarbe HecrBopeHe clo6oAe lI3BaH cBeMohr,r EoNr.rjenorqr4rbaBa crBapHocr Bora craapuocru oA Eora uegasu-cHe MeoHr4rrKe ,,Cro6o4e". Turte ce Eor o6jexlanupa, acro6oaa (ynpxoc cynpornoj narr,leplr) paur'roHannryje raoBpxoBHr,r KoHcrpyKT urro QynxqloHllue Kao t{3BecHI4anepcoHaJrHr4 Kpnnroanconyr. (y crBapl4, 3aM[cao o He-crnopeHoj clo6oara, y SepfajenneBoj Mlrcnr, I,IMa roroBovcrv cra^ryc Kao u ,,crBap no ce6n" y Kanroeoj rr,rnc,ru.) To

.je, perocrrao, najrapmHalHraja nporuBpeqHocr Beplaje-BJbeBe penuru{cxe Suroco$uje. Yvene o nplrMary HecrBo-DeHe MeoHlrqre cro6ole craBJba Jl[qHocHocr Bora u/utlu

79 5epfaje", I{uxonaj A., Hoeo cpedn'oeexoene, npeBoA: Huxo.na Ta-

.rrep, Xunnoc, EeorpaA, 1990,37 .

'' Koverron, oraq feoprlrje, feuuje Eeplajeea u l-lprcea, Caonurreneca,,flpee roH$epenqraje o Eeplajeny", Kujen, l99l (abbr.: fE[f.78 nocrojn entue nor<yuraja aa ce y EepfajeBJr,eBoM HeorHocrr,rqr.r3MyBr4Ar4 14 nO3r{THBHa CrpaHa, y CMr.rCny [OXBaJre Hafiopa aa ce peBrrAr{paceKynapHo ycMepeH,e MoAepHe lrcropuje Kynrype, peulrMo: cf.: Ken-nedy, Paul Y., A Philosophieal Appraisal of the Modern Gnosticism ofNicolas Berdyaev, (Thesis), St. Louis University, St. Louis, 1936,248.

118 l19

lroBeKa noA yAap MaJba o6jeKrr,rBaur.de I,I cy6opAr,rHaquje -yfipaBo y uMe cJro6oAe.

Mefyrr.rrra, npeocrajy joru ,qna oKBnpa. 14 onra gorry-rurajy renaarusarywjy oAnoca nrrr,refy clo6o4e, Bora, vone-Ka r4 TBopeBrrne. Y o6a oKBr,rpa Aona3ri go rco.uneusa4ujerrocneAvua ucrroJbeHr.tx y [pBoM orBrrpy. V rnv oKBr{plrMayHrpyHAcKo cxBararbe clo6oAe rroqt,rrbe Aa ce craBJba ycryx6y ynpaBo Ungrundom yrpoxeHe HenprKocHoBeHo-crr"" Bora H qoBeKa. Hanue, yrryrap Apyfof ornapa (2)Eor y Jlrxy Xpucra [o[pr,rMa Bt,lA cBeKocMraqxor Cnacure-Ir,a n yHvBep3anHor Oclo6oAurersa xoju noyuymaprcyjeclo6o4y Ungrunda. Oclo6oAnrer je Aasanau ayreHrr.rqgev cafta [pocBerJbeHe cno6oAe Ayxa, oAHocHo 6laro4arn:

Eor-CraH [...] cr.urarr.r y MeoHuqro Hr.rrrrra, y 6ea4aHcno6oAe roja ce n3pog^Hna y 3no, u orKpr4Ba ce He ycnru seh y )KprBr,r. EoNaucra xprBa, Eoxancxo cauo-pacnehe na Kpcry nropa no6egurr.r 3ny MeoHr.rt{Ky c[o-6oay nyrerr,r rreHof npocBerJberba usuympa*,6es Hacu-Jba HaA rboM, K 6ee oA6auruarba crBopeHor cBera...(OqI, 32 et passim)

TaKo ,,HeMoh" Eora npe.u Ungrundom oAras[ y ApyrunnaH, npeMAa ocraje Hepa3perrreHa. Ynyrap rpeher oKBr,rpa(3) ro:r.rrlreau lojav oAroBopHocrr.r 3a cracerbe craBJba ce(u) y pyxe MaKc[MrrJrrrcrnqru cxnahese cno6oAe rroBexa(upeuaa oAHocr4 qoBeKa u Bora ocrajy ynyrap napaAurMeEoro.{oseurna). 14 my MeoHprarKa clo6oAa Ungrunda 6r,rnanoyHymapLbeua. AJru, caAa ro ocrnapyje uoaex, rcoju moxenocrarn reypr r capaAHrrK 6lar-o4aru ruro, 3a Eeplajena,03 Haq aBa vrcrrlrur t y clo6o.uy onp v Mepeny Xpucrolr-Eoro-qoBeKoM. flrarnjan-A4auc (W. J. Phythian-Adams) jacHoo6pasaaxe ry aurnrensraj y aoyHyraprb erLa clo6oAe :

Eepfajen :a xpuurhaunHa xohe a[coJlyrHo crpaxonu-rueuy cro6oAy y ryMaqelbnua ur,rc, epraja lieroBe Bepe[...] Taxra cro6oAa jecre cyruruHcKl{ Aeo clo6oAe ro-jou nac je oclo6o4ao Xpucroc, ro je narue polencroflpaBo y.{yxy Cnerorr,r I{, Kao raKBo, nr,rje rolnxo npu-Br4nerr,IJa K0JIHK^O Je TO OATOBOpHOCT KOJa MOXe 3aXTe-Barr4 crpaAatie.6l

CaAa rraoxeuo yot{LITt4 KaKo HecrBopeHa cJIo6oAa Un-grunda rpexo oKBrIpa (2) u (3) n caua rpeJIir3I,I flyr ilMq-tbetba" - rrpBo y fipunof Eoeo-\osemrna (2), a 3arr4M yrrpr{nor Bor o-u o e ewm a a (3).,{aue, npr.lrraehyj ertao neo6n-qaH Ir perKo yoqaBaH ,,KeHocI,Ic" - KeHocttc Ungrundanpe4 BorouoBeKoM I4 rIoBeKoM. 3aro cuo raKaB epMnHeB-ruuxtt o6pasau Hi[tBiIJIIr,,AujareKTI4rIKG-KeHorlrtIKI4". Ep-Mr.rneBrr4qKu oKBrrprl (2) u (3) noMaxy Eepfajeny Aa Aox-Tpurry o Eory Ha4pefeHoj cno6o4tt KoJII,IKG-ToJII'IKo ,,KopI4-nyje" c o6suport Ha ,,[paBocJlanultje" ocHoBe MI,IIrIJbeIba -ocHoBe y rojrnaa Bor u qoner, Kao JII,IqHocru, u:pamajyKao cyrurlrHcKlr pa3Jro3r{ nocrojarra cno6oAe u ny6aau.Cnararo aa ocraje Heypanr[tlHa ql{rbeHl{ua xerepoAoKcHof,,KeHocuca" (ravuuje:,,ueuohu") Bep!ajennenor Eoranpe4 Ungrundom. Alu, Huje uennoAno flpoBepaBaru y Ko-joj Hrepu ce Moxe roBopI,ITlI I4 o ,,KeHocI,tcy" (,,Heuoht't")Ungrunda npe4 Eorou, qaK LI [pe4 qoBeKoM. To 6n uoruorroKa3arl.r xaro BepfajeBJbeBa xpuurhancxa r[lrnoco$njanrraa croxeunjy crpyKrypy. Hauue, rlrMe 6I{ ce orKpl4nau3BecHa .rlrjaneKrnKa roxyuraja tra ce [peBJlaAajy Heaocra-rrr,r yHrpyHAoJroluKor yqerua. CreAehe ceHreHue Ao[pI'rHo-ce TaKBoM pa3yMeBalby:

Xpucmoc jecme jeduna meodurceia* [...] Hervroryhe jeBepoBarlr y Eora aKo HeMa Xpucra (CCT); ranu: Teo-4nxeja Moxe Aa cyAI.{ o Eory calro ca UIeAI'IIura oHorarrrro HaM je Bor orKpIIo o Ce6ra. TeoAI,rxeja Iurlrrl'I oA

8f Phythian-Adams, W. 1., The Thought and Significance of N.Berdyaev, cf.: "Church Quarterly", 12611938,252(Cf; RCST, 160).

12l

JbyAcKr,rx [ojMoBa o 5ory, o.rl KneBere 6aqeHe sa lLera(oqn, s0)llapa4orc Bepfajena y rorr,re je ruro oH cdnr rurje ycneo

Aa ce6e AocneAHo o6asexe 3axreBy rr,rx ceHTeHrIu. I{en-rpupajyhw HecrBopeHor Oqa nouohy oHora rrrro ra Ae-rleHrprrpa (i. e. nouohy nperxo4eher Ungrunda), Bepfajence o6peo c oHe crpaHe ,,ortbeHe orpaAe", KaKo 3a.uorMareoraqa I-lpxse Xpucrone xaryje cnerr.r Jonau 3naroycru. Y[ocJreArbeM s6wpy, r4Ma npaBo, urraK, orau feoprrzje Ono-poBcKr,r. Ceaxaxo je raro c o6supona na Sopuanne acfleKreIberoBe ,jypnurue" Kpr.rrrzKe Eepfajena. Mefiymuu, He rpe-rue Hrr oHn rojra 6ecxorurpourrcHocr Onopoecror uehey3errr Kao pa3nor 3a norrryHrr npeKHA raje4uuuerra caBpeAHocrr.rMa xpuurhaucre cr.rHre3e renujalHor llpoporan: Knamapa. Jep, ue rpe6a oAycraril oA rorpare 3a Haqu-Huua xojvma Eepfajea ,,Moxe o6orarurn flpaBocJraBJbe, aAa ne rarry6u caMocrilJrHocr" ([IE, ll4). [a 6u ce qunulorr ro, a He caMo ycleB€IJro y AorMaronoruroj rpuruqu, no-rpe6no je uuaru oHo rrrro je y npauocnanrsy uajnaxnr{e- cMupeHy ny6ae. TaLa 6u Eeplajen Morao rocrarr.r,,Haru", ynpKoc rseMy, r, MLr ,,BeroBu", ynpxoc Haua.Yocralou, HrrcMo nu AyxHu ua Huxolaja ArerccaHApoel,t-qa [pr{MeHuTI'r 14 tbeloBe concTBeHe pequ:

Tajna cnaxe vq,.r4Bnlyanqocrlt orxpr,rBa ce caMo Jby-6anny r,r y moj yuex ocraje Heurro urro ce y rrorryHo-crI,I, Ao xpaja, ne Moxe cxBarr,rrw QIaI.T).

EXCURSAE

[ExcuRS ll Kpumuxa mauHe ar.u He u GqJ/baHe JlocrcujeeeKpumuKe Eepfiajeea. BaJra rasarll 4a Hnxonaj O. Jlocrua(HPO, 330) aaje raqHy Kpl4rl{xy EepfajenreBor nol4croBe-herra Ungrunda (I.{ichts) ca BoxaHcKI'IM ,,Huttra" xoa ,{u-oruucuja. Melyruu, HaMa ce quul,a na ra KpI,ITI{xa, [peMAarauua, Hnje 3acHoBaHa Ha aAeKBarHoM apfyMeHTy. ,{arue,Kpr,rrr4Ka je mauua, rrlefyrnu, apryueuraUraja ie HemauHa.Iloxaxnvo. Tauau je cneAehn Jlocrnjen ucxas: ,,Eepfajenrpeuu KaAa MucJILI 4a je neron Ungrund uAeuruqau c'Eo-xaHcKr4M Huurra' \uoruncuja Apeonarura" (Ibid.). Hema'uau je apryveur xoju Jlocxll, oAMax 3arI,IM, HaBoAIz ToMe y[pr{nor: ,,(,{nonracrajeuo - oym.) Eoxancxo Hnurra y CBI'{Mpelaur,rjarrla vaIr&3vt Ir3 oKBI,Ipa cen< uoryhux o4pelema upacnonaxe TaKBIIM caBpIIIeHcrBoM Aa He naoxe 6uru aAe-KBarHo rl3paxeHo nouohy HalIIdx [ojMoBa" flbid.). 3aurroje raj apryrueHT HeraqaH uru, 6oJse, ramo je HeaAeKBa-rau? Ynpano 3aro IIIro cBe ro, cacBHM raKo, Ir Eeplajen xa-xe 3a Hlrrura (Nichts) Ungrunda. Hauue, u ouo je, rpeMaBepfajeay, aflconyrHo 6eso.uuocHo, HHqI,IM ycJIoBJbeHo,Hr,rr{eMy cJruqHo, H OnO je aficoJlyrHo lr 6ecxosaquo caBp-uJeHcrBo, na ce roj Bennxoj Mncrepujz (Mysterium Mag-num) Huje4au nojau He Moxe npn6nr.rxrlru. ,{arue, ne nu-

AV ce KlilrumqmuBHa pa3nl4Ka urrraefy rux gnejy 3aMI'IcJII4 orou,,HHurra". I lltanr.rure, npeua Jlocxuj eqortt ucxasy, Qop-MiurHo FJIeAaHO, Te pa3JIIrKe HeMa, ilIrl4 Ce OHa JaCHO He Aa

yoqlrrfl ,r vtcrrocraBurru. flocleAru,I ]rcKa3 Jlocxujene apry-MeHTaqr4je raKaB HaIrI 3aKJbyqaK vnnrl joru HeI436exHLIjIiM:

,,Mr4crr,reKo r4cKycrBo [...] y uornyuocrr.r nornplyje y{elbe

,{raouracuja Apeonarura o 'BoxaHcrou Hunrra' Kaor4cKoHcKoM LI anconyrHo caBplueHoM npuuqutry" (Ibid.).

Y 6eorpa.qy,22.Xl2002,

Ha npfI3HI'IK

Cseror Cnueoua TeoSpacra

122 t23

Melyruu, 3ap raKBe arpu6yre He Koprrcrr.r u Eeplajen,anrr, y [pranor oHoM Hurura Ungrunda? O4ronop je norep-4an. LLIra 6n, owga, 6wu raqlu utru adercaamHu apryMeH-Tu 3a vrHaqe rauuy JlocrrajeBy Kpr4rr.rry [oMeHyre v1eHrr4-$uxaqraje 4nejy sar'ruclu o Hnutra? Cvarpanao 4a nocrojep'Barvra apfyMeHra roju 6r.r ry $yuxqraour4ciurrr B€ubaHo:

Apryueuraqnja (a) rojorra 6ra ce [oKa3€rJro raxo ,{tro-HLrcvJe, qaK r4 KaAa foBopr{ o ,,HaAcyrrrrr,rncnoj crpuueno-cru" (0nepor5orov rpu<pr6tqta; PG, 3: O 6oercancrcu*tuveuwwa) EoroHa.rancrsa (o oHorvr uro Jlocxz uasr.lna ,,Eo-)r(aHcKo Hr,rura"), He Mr4cJrr,r KaKo rr,rMe ucxaayje HeAoAr4p-Jbr.rBy u HecrBopeHy Cyrurlruy Eoxrajy in se, eeh caMo lrMe,cnny, orrurrbvrBy alrv HecrBopeHy eueprujy alz npojanyEoxlrjy. Hg rora 6n rpe6ano aa npousale ynu4 raxo [r.ro-uucuje,3aucra ra y jaxorra cM[cJry, He cMarpa, HHTlr no3Bo-rraaa (vax Hv Kana foBopa o ,,HaAcyrurr,rucxoj crpr.rneHo-crr.I" FofoHavalcrna), Aa ce 6ralo utra o EorouarriulcrByrraoxe pehu vrhr 3l,jl';|rlr, c o6:raporu Ha ro KaKBo je ouo y ce-6u utrla no ce6u. Cylporno rorr,re, BeplajeB y[paBo rr4Meruro 4aje Hns anorparnvxnx oapea6u :a Ungrund u ynpaBoTlrMe rrrTo rrpr.rToM He pallyHa ca pa3nr{KoBa}beM cyrxTr4Havis-d-vis euepruje, defacto, ra:yje r.r cuoruaje ynpaBo oHoHer4cKa3rlBo lr Hecno3Haruyo, ue orpallyjyhu ce KaKo cy ro(upurraepa paau) rex ,,tIMeHa", ,,cure" I,trI,I ,,[pot4cxo4lI"najnurue crBapHocrr,r, xojy oH, HapaBHo, Hir3rrBa Ungrun-dom. To je rpe6ano Jlocru Aa Kaxe xaro 6u ce yoqruanpaBa pa3nuxa usuely ABe 3aMr,tcJrr{ o Eoxancrov ,,Hz-urra". Mefyrnu, Jlocru ro Huje ypaAr.{o, uero je - y np}r-nor pa3nr{Konarry ,fiuouncujenor n EeplajenreBor cxBa-rarba - HaBeo ucme o4pe.u6e xoje n Eepfajen Kopr4crn 3aUngrund.

[o4yure, ocraje rauHo r,r ro aa Eeplajen o BoNaucxou,,Hr4uJTa" 3avlcra Mr4cJIH tr Kao o HeKoM ,,caApNajy": y ol.t-Ay, peu[Mo, MeoHtrqKux ruoryhHocru Ungrunda. 3a maxeocxBararr,e r.r AlrcKypc Jlocrujen apryMeHr (xojr,r cuo uuaue

124

ocnoprarua) uoxe 6nrn 14 raqaH v BaJbala. Mefyrurr,r, Eepfa-jen na joru renaerrnnjeu uunoy oA HI{Boa ,,caApxaja" Meo-HrrqKor Huurra, Ha Hr,IBoy [paLIcKoHcKor Huurra Un-grun-da, sa Ungrund rnpan ynpaBo ono LIcro urro Jlocru cMarpaAa caMo ,{raonuczje rBpAu 3a Boxancxo ,,HulITa" Eorosa-qEIJIcrBa, a .{uouracltje He rBpAr{ To, wrut, ravuuje, He rBpAt.{caMo ro seh r,r He[Iro cacBIIM Apyro 14 Apyravr{e. .{axn,Jlocxr.rjen apryMeHr, caM ro ce6n, He gora3yje .ua je ry peuo ABe pa3n[qr4Te KoHlrenuuje o EoxancKoM ,,H[uITa".

Apryuernauuja (6): xojou ce noxasyje aa fiuowucuieBoroHaqarcrso, vlrvt uajreuennujy Boxaucry crBapHocr(ouo cacnr.rrra oHocrapaHo: En6rcerva), sa po3fluKy od Eep-

fiajeea, Br4AI4 Kao y6eK vtocracHy, oAHocHo nepcoHarHy.Vnpano cMo oBy Bpcry apryMeHra pa3BIanI,I y rnaBHoM Ae-Jry Harxe cryar{e (nra4Ia y TJIaBHoM rexcry), ua ra neheuooB.ue A€ube pasnnjarn.

125

INDEXLIBRORUM

I. ,{ena Eepfajera:

(t) ,Sab specie aeternitatis (pyc), Canxr-flerep6ypr, 1907=SSA.

Q) Aw o coQuj a cn o6od e, I-II, Eeorpaa, 199 6.(3) Cuucao cmsapailqwmnq ror I-II, Beorpa4, 1996 =

ccr.(4) Cuucao ucmopuj e, Feorpa,u, 200 l.(5),[yx flocmojeecrcoe, Beorpa4, 1981 : AOC.(6) Hoeo cpedrcoeexoene, FeorpaA, 1990.(7) Iyx u cno6oda: npo6neuamuxa u anonoeuia xpuwhau-cmaa,Beorpal, 1998 : [JlC.(8) O uoeercoloM nosaatby, Beorpa4, 2000 : Or{[.(9) Duh i realnost: temelji bogoioveiie duhovnosti, Zagreb,1985 : DrR.(10) O qo6eKo6oM poncmry u cno6odu, Hosu CaA, l99l:qPC.

(11) Pycrca udeja,Eeorpat,1987 : PI4A.(12) Eesucmeuqujanua dujaaexmuxa 6ocrcaucrcoe u myd'cxoe, Beorpap,, 199 5 = EAEJL.(13) Toward a New Epoch, London, 1949 : TNE.(14) Detrx dtudes sur J. Boehme, cf.: Boehme, Jacob,

,rMysterium Magnum", Paris, 1946.(15) Onum ecxamorowKe uemaQusurce, EeorpaA, 2000 :

OEM,(16) C at'tocnosuaj a: not<yutai aymo6uozpaQui e, Honu Cag,1987: CC[.(17) I'Icmunau omKpulefta Beorpa4, 1999 = I'IOT'

127

IL fiera o Eepfajeny:

(l) Begzos, Marios P., Nikolaj Berdjaejw und die Byzanti-nische Philosophie: Zur metaphysischen Tragweite der pa-tristischen Theologie,,,Theologie', 64 / Jan-Feb 1993.(2) Mntylol, Mopioo tt., T6 nvtApa orri gil"oooqia rcAMxep vucterp, I'pqy6prog 6 flol.op&q r. 7 7 / 1994(3) Clarke, Oliver F., Introduction to Berdyaev, London,1950 : ITB.(4) Haycuauc, T., Ifoated ua penuzujcxy rt4ucao HurconajaE epfi aj ee a,,,fpa4r.rua", 27 / 1990.(5) [nrraurpujeruh, Arexcau4ap, Cxoamatue duuauut<eruqHocmu y nepcoHcuucntuurcoj Qunocoeuju HurconajaB epfi aj ee a,,,I,Icro{Hr.rK", 24 / |997 :,IInB.(6) Elmore, Ioe, The Theme of the Suffering God in theThought of Nicolas Berdyaev, Charles Hartshorne qnd Re-ihnold Neibulr, Columbia Universiw. 1962.(7) oeaoroe, feoprnje I1., EepfiajLe - Mucnunaq, (pyc.),,Hosr xypHiur", XIX, tLyjopn, 1948.(8) fajaeHxo, fluaua, Mucmuvxu penonyquoHqpusau H. A.Eepfiajeaa (pyc.), cf.: Hnxonaj Eepfajen, ,,O uasuaverby.{oneKa", Mocrna. 1993.(9) Heinemann, F. H., The Mystical Anarchist, cf.: ,,Exi-stentialism and the Modern Predicament,,, New york, 1953.(10) Kajevich, Stojiljko N., Nikolay Berdyaev,s Theory ofUncreated Freedom and its Metaphysical Origins, Chicago.(ll) Kennedy, Paul Y., A Philosophical Appraisal of iheModern Gnosticism of Nicolas Berdyaev, St. Louis, 1936.(12) Kline, George L., Berdyaev, Nicolas, Carvrbridge, 1996.(13) KoverrcoB, orau feoprnje, lenuje Eepfiajeea u eprcea(pyc), Knjen, l99l : fEU.(14) Lampert, Evgueny, Nicolas Berdyaev, cf.: Attwater,David (ed.), ,,Modern Christian Revolutionaries". NewYork, 1947.

128

(15) Lowrie, Donald A., Rebellious Prophet, New York'| 960.(16) Men, orau AneKcan4ap, HuKonai AaexcaudpoeuuE epfi aj ee,,,I4cro SHI4K", l4-l 6 / 199 5 .( I 7) Munoureenh, Huxola, I,I cmopuocoQui a u n cuxon ozuj ay deny Hurconaja Bepfiajeea, Hosu Cal, 1987.(18) Mclachlan, James M., The Desire to be God: Free-dom and the Other in Sartre and Berdyaev, New York,1992 : DTG.(19) Nucho, Fuad, Berdyaev's Philosophy: The ExistentialParadox of Necessity and Freedom, New York, 1966 :

EPNF.(20) Phythian-Adams, IL. J., The Thought and Significanceof N. Berdyaev, cf.: ,,Church Quarterly", 126/1938.(21) Schfoterman, Heinz, Vom gottlichen Urgrund: achtGesprciche ilber das Christentum von Meister Eckhart bisBerdiaj ew, Hamburg, I 950.(22) Seaver, George, Nicolas Berdyaev: An Introduction toHis Thought, New York, 1950.(23) Sergeev, Mikhail, Sophiological Themes in the Philo-sophy of Nikolai Berdiaev, cf.: ,,Transactions of the Associ-ation of Russian-American Scholars in the U.S.A.", vol.XXX, 1998: STPNB.(24) Slaatt6, Howard A., Personality, Spirit and Ethics: theEthics of Nicholas Berdyaev, New York, 1997 : PSE.(25) Spinka, Matthew, Origen and Berdyaev: a Compari-sorz,,,Church History", MarcU 1947 .(26) Spinka, Matthew, Nicolas Berdyaev: Captive of Free-dom, Phlladelphia, I 950 : COF.(27) Vallon, Michel A., An Apostle of Freedom: Life andTeachings of Nicolas Berdyaev, Philosophical Library,1 960.(28) Wernham, James C. S., Two Russian Thinkers:Berdvaev and Shestov, Toronto, 1968 = RTBS.

129

III. [ela o pycroj penlrrujcxoj Qraloco$r.rju r.r Kynrypr{:

(l) AnepHlrqen, Ceprej C., Co$uja (pyc.), y: ,,Cor[r{a-Jlo-roc: Cnonap", Knjen, 2000.(2) Crum, Winston F., Sergius N. Bulgakov: From Marxismto Sophiolog,t, ,,St. Vladimir's Theological euarterly,', (27)t/1983.(3) En4ornnaon, flaue, Xpucmoc y pycxoj Mucnu, Xulan-Aap-Aroc, 1996 : XPM.(4) Oeaoroe, feopruje fl., Hoeu epad, Ibyjoprc, 1952 :BEM.(5) OroponcKlr, orau feoprraje, Ilymeeu WcKoe 6oeocno-ena (pyc.), flapur, 1937 : IIPE.(6) Koplston, Frederik, Filozffia u Rusiji, Beograd, 1992:FUR.(7) Jlocen, Anercej Q., Tepuuu CoQuja, (pyc.) cf.: ,,I,Icro-puja anruvre ecrerr,rKe: pe3yJrrarr.l rracyhnerHor piBBrrr-Ka", roM. VIII, Mocxsa,1994.(8) JIocxH, Hraronaj O., I4cmopuja pycKe QtarcsoQuje,floAropnqa, 1995 : I4PO.(9) Ily6aptwh, Bor4au M., Xpuwhaucxa $unoco$uja oqaCepeeja Eynearcoea u yvehe o CoQuju - uauefiy CoQuje ucoQuonozuje, cf.:,,CanpeMeHocr pycKe peJrr,rrnjcre $uno-co0uj e", Beorpat, 2002.(10) lllunsrr{Hrep, Touac, CoQuja-Mapuja: 4enoeumo eu-fien e cmeaparca (pyc.), Mocrea, 1997.(ll) Wertz, Ronald P., Russian Christian Social Thought,Russian State University, New York, 1988 : RCST.(12) Zemov, Nicolas, The Russian Religious Renaissance ofthe Twentieth Century, New York and Evanston,1963.(13) Zvednek, V. David, The Influence ofJacob Boehme onRussian Religious Thought, cf.: Mclachlan, James : DTG.

130

IV. Onrura Jlnreparypa:

(l) Ancelet-Hustache, Jeanne, Master Eckhart and the Rhi-neland Mystics, NY / London, 1957.(2) Beierwaltes, Werner, Denken des Einen: Studien zur ne-upl atonis chen P hilos ophie und ihr er Wirkungs ges chicht e,Frankfurt/M, 1985.(3) Brinton, Howard, The MysticWil/, New York, 1930.(4) Ceern Jonau ,{auacKun, Tauuo u3roJrcehe npa6ocra6Heaepe, Migno. P . G., 94.(5) Caerr.r ,{uonucuje Apeonarur, O Eocrcaucrcuu tttuteHu-ua,Mignu. P. G.,3.(6) Cnerra [raouucuje Apeonarzr, Mucmuqte 6ozocnoene,Migne:P. G.,3.(7) Eckhart, Johannes, Opus Tripartitium, ed. J. Quint et al.,Meister Eckhart: die deutschen und lateinischen Werke,1936 - .(8) Erigena, Johannes Scotus, De divisione Naturae (Pe-riphyseon), Migne: P. L., 72.(9) Erl, Vilijam, Fenomenologija misticizma, ,,Tre6i pro-gram" 5 4 I 1982, Beograd.(10) Cnern fplrropnje flaraua, lnaee QusuvKe u meono-utKe..., Migne: P.G., 150.(l l) Xajaerep, MapruH, Vaod y uemaQusurcy, Bpna'maEana (s. l.).(12) Xeren, feopr B. @., Llcmopuja QunosoQuie, totrr I-III, Beorpaa, 1975.(13) XopyNnj, Ceprej C.,,\unmw o muxoeatby, EPHMO,Beorpa.u,2002.(14) Janapac, Xpucro, Xajdeeep u,[uouucuie Apeonazum,Bprravna Eawa, 1997 : XAA.(l5) Jerrrah, eIII4cKon Aranacuje, Xpuwhaucrco cxlamqtbeJtuqHocmu y ucmopuju, cf.: ,,@mocor[uja u teorornja",Bpnaura Bat+a, 1994: XCJI.

131

( I 6) Jlocxu, Bla4rurnp, E ocrcau crcu nptuvp aK,,,flyua,,, l-2/ 1986.(17) Majenaop$, Jonan, Xpucmoc y ucmovHo-xpuwhancxojMucnu, 1994: ){I4){,.(18) Meyendorff, Fr. John, Creation in the History of Ort-hodox Theologt,,,St. Vladimir's Theological euarterly",(27) t/1983.(19) Otto, Rudolf, Mysticism East and Zesr, New york(1932),1970.(20) Pelikan, Jaroslav, The Odyssey of Dionysian Spiritua-lity, cf .i,,Peudo-Dionysius: Complete Works", New Jersey,1987.(21) flnaron, Tuamj, Eeorpaa, 1981.(22) Schelling, F. W. J., Filozofijska istraiivanja o bitsnuioueije slobode i predmetima koji su s time u svezi, Zagreb,I 985.(23) lllujaxonnh, Borory6, Ilapadorccuja uucmuvxoe 6o-eonosHatua, Beorpa4, 1994: IIME.(24) Tarapxjennv, Bla.4uctay, I4cmopuja utecm noj,voaa,Eeorpas, (u. a.).(25) Todorov, Cvetan, Simbolizam i tumaienie. Novi Sad.I 986.(26) Cyeu Bacruuje Beluru, O xopucmu xojy unaduhu.uoey cmeFtuuumarceu jenuHcKux cnuca,Migne: p. G.,31.(27) Zizioulas, John, Personhood and Being, cf.: ,,Being asCommunion: Studies in Personhood and the Church',,Crestwood - New York, 1993 : BAC.(28) Zola, Eldmir, Upotreba imaginacije i zalazak Zapada,Beograd, 1988.

EEJIEIIIKA O AYTOPY

llorAan M. Jly6apalrh poleu je l. XI 1964. ro4une y [ap€c CaraMy, y Tanraunjn. OcHonny IIIKony noxalao je y3au6uju u y Eeorpagy. Cpeany rKonyje sanoveo y Eeo-rpaAy (XII 6eorpa4cra ruMHa3LIja), a 3aBpIxHo y ryroplr-ja.nHoj ruxolu y JlonAouy (Collingham Tutors). ,{urutoruu-pao je 1992. rotune na Eeorpa4cKoM yHllBep3lrrery, Harpyrr.r 3a $unocorprljy, y Knacr npo$. np MunaArana Xu-Boruha. flo :anprnerry cry,ur.rja 6opanu y fpur<oj, na Cee-roj fopr.r (1994-95), rAe ce ynosuaje ca jeluucnnu je:rz-KoM, MoHaruKoM AlxoBuoruhy r.r nzryprr.rjcrnM xuBoroMllpanoclanue Thxee. Oa 1995. roAI,IHe, Ao AaHac, paAlr KaoacucreHr rrpr.r KareApr{ sa $unocoQujy Ha Teonouxoru $a-KyJrrery Cpncre npaBocJraBHe I-{pxne, y Eeorpa4y. Toxor,t1995-1999. roAr4He rpona3u Lt Kpo3 4I,rQepenuujarHl4 npo-npaM reonouxr.rx cryauja na Teorourxorr,r $arylrery CllI{.Y r.rcroj ycraHoBn l43pa.uuo je rvrarr.rcrapcKll paA (2000-2002), nol, MeHropcKI,rM pyKoBoAcrBov nporojepeja npoS.lp ,{uuurpuja M. Kalsr.rha. l4zrte\y ocriulor, ayrop capa-

byje y qacofi[cr.rMa us o6racrr AyxoBHe reopuje, a o42000. rolr.rue, ayrop BpIxH ayxHocr LI qrraHa pe4arur,rjeaKaAeMcKor Dracr{Jra Teoloruxor $axynrera crl[: ,,Eoro-croBJbe". llope.[ Hr.r3a eceja u cryluja, ayrop je npeBeo HcneAehe Krbr{re: Ope.qepm Konrcrou, @unosoQuja y Py-cuju (1992), nporojepej Jonan Majengopf, Xpucmoc y uc-mouuoxpuuthaucxoj uucnu (1994), apxuuaH4pur JeporejIhaxoc, Beue y nycmurbu Ceeme fope: o Llcycoeoj uonu-mou (1995), erurcKon Karucroc Bep, IlpaeocnqlHu nym( f 996), Mr.rrporonr.{r Jonan 3rarjynac, O mydcxoj cnoco6uo-ctrru u Hecnoco6uocmu (1998), BnaAuultp Jlocxn, Teonoeu-

ja 6oeoeufien'a (y nraunu). Ayrop rprra.qa xpyry rvrnafecpeArLe reuepaquje cprcKr4x xpzruhancxnx reoperr{qapaxojr aenyjy y [paBrry cr{Hre3e xpr.rruhancxe reolorr,rje xyn-Type, u To Ha ocHoBaMa nepcoHuIJIItCTr4rIKI4 3aCHOBaHe eBXa_pr,rcrzjcxo-ercnucujanne oreoloruje. Toue y [pr,rJrof cBe-Ao.Ie creAeh[ paAosr.r: Qpxeeuo 6ulte rctuee u uHKyJxmypa-t4uja: od jesurca do nuuuocmu (,,Boroclonr e,,, 2000); Ilp-rceeno 6ulte npocseme u eoxapucmujcxa meopuja nuuio-cmut: od nedaeoauje do uucmaaoeuje (,,Eoroclonrse',,2001), fiee anofuamurce u dee xamaQamuKe; od eoaopa doftym an'a E ocrcuj ee (,,Hcrovurarc", 2002). Pa4r.r gonpnuocapasnojy cpncKe xpuruhaucxe Qr.rnocoQraje Ha ocHoBaMaexnucuja.lHo-eBxap[crr4jcKor HcKycrBa rrpaBocJraBJra,

2002). Ayrop )KlaBvt Lr paAW y Eeorpagy, nopeA Anane. 3a6para uua laxona Hr.moly M. Jly6apauha, r.rKoHorrr4crla Ll$pecr<onzcua Cplcxe rpaBocnaBHe I{prne.

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lV Kprarme r4 KoMeHrapr.r -Ungrund: pro et contra

(A) H4eururer Ungrunda(B) flpuronopu yqelby o Ungrundu .......

V 3axruyvax(A) fine ,,rrKoJre"pa3yMeBar6a nAeHTnTeTa ungrunda .......(B) Ungrund - PRo(B) Ungrund - Courn.a(f) lloyxa

lixcursae

lndex Librorum

licreurca o ayropy

26

5

1

IZ

5656'71

91

9l9499

I l5

123

t27

133