EGO OR SELF-PSYCHOLOGYEGO OR SELF-PSYCHOLOGYEGO OR
SELF-PSYCHOLOGYEGO OR SELF-PSYCHOLOGY Anna Freud Anna FreudAnna
Freud OBJECT RELATIONSOBJECT RELATIONSOBJECT RELATIONSOBJECT
RELATIONS Klein and Kernberg Klein and KernbergKlein and Kernberg
JUNG AND ADLERJUNG AND ADLERJUNG AND ADLERJUNG AND ADLER EGO OR
SELF-PSYCHOLOGYEGO OR SELF-PSYCHOLOGYEGO OR SELF-PSYCHOLOGYEGO OR
SELF-PSYCHOLOGY Anna Freud Anna FreudAnna Freud OBJECT
RELATIONSOBJECT RELATIONSOBJECT RELATIONSOBJECT RELATIONS Klein and
Kernberg Klein and KernbergKlein and Kernberg JUNG AND ADLERJUNG
AND ADLERJUNG AND ADLERJUNG AND ADLER
Slide 8
Contributions of Freuds Theories Focus on the individuals inner
workings. He tapped into our complexities by identifying our
competing and conflicting thoughts and emotions created &
popularized therapy defense mechanisms prompted thought about how
anxiety is controlled on a conscious level made us think about how
children develop: posited the existence of the
unconscious.evidence: Subliminal perception Implicit memory (vs
explicit, consciously recalled material) Dissociative phenomena
Automatic Processes
Slide 9
Limitations of Freuds Theories Limitations of Freuds Theories
Concepts too subjective and unscientific, cannot be objectively
measured and validated. Skewed clinical sample, not representative
of all HUMANITY, as his ideas were thought to be / relied heavily
on early childhood reports but saw no children / personality devt
theory is highly implausible and impossible to verify / guilty of
forcing seduction scenarios onto his patients? Patients often didnt
accept his interpretations /Whatever pts. said, Freud interpreted
to fit his current theory Psychoanalytic theory and therapy
______________________________________________________________
Rejection of PsychoanalysisRejection of PsychoanalysisRejection
of PsychoanalysisRejection of Psychoanalysis Wolpe and Behavior
TherapyWolpe and Behavior TherapyWolpe and Behavior TherapyWolpe
and Behavior Therapy Systematic DesensitizationSystematic
Desensitization Later HybridsLater HybridsLater HybridsLater
Hybrids Rejection of PsychoanalysisRejection of
PsychoanalysisRejection of PsychoanalysisRejection of
Psychoanalysis Wolpe and Behavior TherapyWolpe and Behavior
TherapyWolpe and Behavior TherapyWolpe and Behavior Therapy
Systematic DesensitizationSystematic Desensitization Later
HybridsLater HybridsLater HybridsLater Hybrids
Slide 14
COGNITIVE EMOTIVE INSIGHTS "People are not upset by things but
by their idea of things." Epictetus "Our life is what our thoughts
make it." Marcus Aurelius "There is nothing good or bad but
thinking makes it so." Shakespeare "The mind is its own place and
in itself can make a heaven of hell, or hell of heaven." Milton
"The ancestor of every action is a thought - a man is what he
thinks about all day long." Emerson
Slide 15
COGNITIVE EMOTIVE INSIGHTS Man is the inventor of his own
happiness. Thoreau "Most folks are about as happy as they make up
their minds to be." Lincoln "You are not what you think you are,
but what you think, you are." Norman Vincent Peale "My life has
been filled with terrible misfortunes, most of which never
happened." Mark Twain A persons behavior springs from his/her
ideas. Alfred Adler
Slide 16
Increasing Social Support HelpsIncreasing Social Support Helps
- Increasing Social Support HelpsIncreasing Social Support Helps -
Lack of Social SupportLack of Social Support Depression and Suicide
Lack of Social SupportLack of Social Support Depression and Suicide
Illness and Suppressed Immune Function Variety of Other
Disorders
Treat the Disease, Cure the ProblemTreat the Disease, Cure the
Problem Abnormal Behavior is a DiseaseAbnormal Behavior is a
Disease 1930s: _________________________ 1950s:
_________________________ 1970s: _________________________
Slide 19
Abnormal Behavior is a DiseaseAbnormal Behavior is a Disease
Problem is Biological (Brain), not PsychologicalProblem is
Biological (Brain), not Psychological More Pharmacologic
RemediesMore Pharmacologic Remedies Language of MedicineLanguage of
Medicine
Slide 20
We Inherit Predispositions, not Psychological Disorders No
Single GeneNo Single Gene 50% Contribution50% Contribution No
Single GeneNo Single Gene 50% Contribution50% Contribution
Reciprocal Gene-Environment ModelReciprocal Gene-Environment
Model Genes Lead us to Take Risks Reciprocal Gene-Environment
ModelReciprocal Gene-Environment Model Genes Lead us to Take Risks
Diathesis-Stress ModelDiathesis-Stress Model
Slide 23
Family StudiesFamily Studies Index Cases or Probands Pedigree
StudiesPedigree Studies____________________ Twin StudiesTwin
Studies ___________________________ Adoption StudiesAdoption
Studies More Compelling Approach Family StudiesFamily Studies Index
Cases or Probands Pedigree StudiesPedigree
Studies____________________ Twin StudiesTwin Studies
___________________________ Adoption StudiesAdoption Studies More
Compelling Approach
Slide 24
NERVOUS SYSTEMNERVOUS SYSTEM F CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Brain
Spinal Cord F CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Brain Spinal Cord Neuroscience
Perspective
Slide 25
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System PERIPHERAL NERVOUS
SYSTEMPERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Autonomic System
_________________________ Somatic System Central Nervous
SystemCentral Nervous System PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMPERIPHERAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM Autonomic System _________________________ Somatic
System Neuroscience Perspective
Slide 26
Slide 27
Slide 28
Slide 29
Slide 30
Slide 31
F Agonists Increase Activity of a Neurotransmitter F
Antagonists Decrease or Block a Neurotransmitter F Inverse Agonists
Produce Effects Opposite the Neurotransmitter F Agonists Increase
Activity of a Neurotransmitter F Antagonists Decrease or Block a
Neurotransmitter F Inverse Agonists Produce Effects Opposite the
Neurotransmitter
Slide 32
MajorMajor Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters in
Psychopathology in Psychopathology MajorMajor Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters in Psychopathology in Psychopathology u
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) u Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) u
Serotonin Serotonin Serotonin u Serotonin Serotonin Serotonin u
Dopamine Dopamine u Dopamine Dopamine u Gamma Aminobutyric Acid
(GABA) Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Gamma Aminobutyric Acid
(GABA) u Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Gamma Aminobutyric Acid
(GABA) Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
Slide 33
u Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Helps regulate emotion & arousal
statesHelps regulate emotion & arousal states Alpha and Beta
Andrenergic ReceptorsAlpha and Beta Andrenergic Receptors Beta
BlockersBeta Blockers u Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Helps
regulate emotion & arousal statesHelps regulate emotion &
arousal states Alpha and Beta Andrenergic ReceptorsAlpha and Beta
Andrenergic Receptors Beta BlockersBeta Blockers
Slide 34
u Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) u Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) u
Serotonin Serotonin Regulates Thought, Emotion, and
BehaviorRegulates Thought, Emotion, and Behavior Low levels:
Impulsivity, Aggression, Suicide, OvereatingLow levels:
Impulsivity, Aggression, Suicide, Overeating SSRI Drugs -
ProzacSSRI Drugs - Prozac 15+ different receptors15+ different
receptors u Serotonin Serotonin Regulates Thought, Emotion, and
BehaviorRegulates Thought, Emotion, and Behavior Low levels:
Impulsivity, Aggression, Suicide, OvereatingLow levels:
Impulsivity, Aggression, Suicide, Overeating SSRI Drugs -
ProzacSSRI Drugs - Prozac 15+ different receptors15+ different
receptors
u Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) u Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) u
Serotonin Serotonin u Serotonin Serotonin u Dopamine Dopamine u
Dopamine Dopamine u GABA GABA Reduces Overall Arousal and Emotion
(inhibitory)Reduces Overall Arousal and Emotion (inhibitory)
Valium, Librium, Xanax Make More GABA AvailableValium, Librium,
Xanax Make More GABA Available Anxiety and StressAnxiety and Stress
u GABA GABA Reduces Overall Arousal and Emotion (inhibitory)Reduces
Overall Arousal and Emotion (inhibitory) Valium, Librium, Xanax
Make More GABA AvailableValium, Librium, Xanax Make More GABA
Available Anxiety and StressAnxiety and Stress
Slide 37
Where Does a Approach to Abnormal Behavior Psychological
Fit?
Slide 38
Interaction of Psychosocial Factors and Brain Function Rhesus
monkeys, control, and GABA Rats in complex environments vs. couch
potatoes: ______________________________ The battle of crayfish and
serotonin levels
Slide 39
One-Dimensional ModelsOne-Dimensional Models ONE CAUSE
DISORDERDISORDER F Multidimensional Models MANY CAUSES
Slide 40
Many Paths to a Given ProblemMany Paths to a Given Problem
Principle of Equifinality Many Paths to a Given ProblemMany Paths
to a Given Problem Principle of Equifinality
SocialFactorsSocialFactors Genes and Biology Biology Cogniton,
Emotion, and BehaviorCogniton, Behavior Age and Development
Development
Slide 41
SocialFactorsSocialFactors Genes and Biology Biology Cogniton,
Emotion, and BehaviorCogniton, Behavior Age and Development
Development Perspective: The Blind Men and the Elephant