Buku Kimia Kelas 2 SMA

8/10/2019 Buku Kimia Kelas 2 SMA

1/564

SuwardiSoebiyantoTh. Eka WidiasihSuwardiSoebiyantoTh. Eka WidiasihSuwardi

Soebiyanto Panduan Pembelajaran Kimia XI SMA & MA

Th. Eka Widiasih


2/564

PANDUAN PEMBELAJARAN

KIMIA 11

Untuk SMU & MA


3/564

Hak Cipta Pada Departemen Pendidikan NasionalDilindungi oleh Undang-Undang

Panduan Pembelajaran Kimia XI

Untuk SMA & MA

Penulis:

Suwardi, Soebiyanto, Th. Eka Widiasih

Editor:

Siti Mukaromah

Setting/Lay Out:

El-Ibrahim

Perwajahan:

Wahyudin Miftakhul Anwar

Ilustrator:

Adi Wahyono

Sumber Sampul:

Chemistry Seventh Edition

540.7SUWpSUWARDIPanduan Pembelajaran Kimia : Untuk SMA & MA Kelas XI

/ penulis, Suwardi, Soebiyanto, Th. Eka Widiasih ; editor, SitiMukaromah ; ilustrator, Adi Wahyono. Jakarta : PusatPerbukuan, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, 2009vi, 218 hlm. : ilus. ; 25 cm.Bibliografi : hlm. 203-204IndeksISBN 978-979-068-717-2 (No. Jil. Lengkap)ISBN 978-979-068-719-61. Kimia-Studi dan Pengajaran I. JudulII. Soebiyanto III. Th. Eka Widiasih V. Siti MukaromahVI. Adi Wahyono

Hak Cipta Buku ini dibeli oleh Departemen Pendidikan Nasional

dari Penerbit : CV. Karya Mandiri Nusantara

Diterbitkan oleh Pusat PerbukuanDepartemen Pendidikan NasionalTahun 2009

Diperbanyak oleh : ...


4/564

Kata Sambutan Kata SambutanPuji syukur kami panjatkan ke hadirat Allah SWT, berkat rahmatdan karunia-Nya, Pemerintah, dalam hal ini, Departemen PendidikanNasional, pada tahun 2009, telah membeli hak cipta buku teks pelajaran inidari penulis/penerbit untuk disebarluaskan kepada masyarakat melalui situsinternet (website) Jaringan Pendidikan Nasional.

Buku teks pelajaran ini telah dinilai oleh Badan Standar NasionalPendidikan dan telah ditetapkan sebagai buku teks pelajaran yang memenuhisyarat kelayakan untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran melaluiPeraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Nomor 9 Tahun 2009 tanggal 12Februari 2009.

Kami menyampaikan penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya kepadapara penulis/penerbit yang telah berkenan mengalihkan hak cipta karyanyakepada Departemen Pendidikan Nasional untuk digunakan secara luas olehpara siswa dan guru di seluruh Indonesia.

Buku-buku teks pelajaran yang telah dialihkan hak ciptanya kepadaDepartemen Pendidikan Nasional ini, dapat diunduh (down load),digandakan, dicetak, dialihmediakan, atau difotokopi oleh masyarakat.Namun, untuk penggandaan yang bersifat komersial harga penjualannyaharus memenuhi ketentuan yang ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah. Diharapkan

bahwa buku teks pelajaran ini akan lebih mudah diakses sehingga siswadan guru di seluruh Indonesia maupun sekolah Indonesia yang berada diluar negeri dapat memanfaatkan sumber belajar ini.

Kami berharap, semua pihak dapat mendukung kebijakan ini.Kepada para siswa kami ucapkan selamat belajar dan manfaatkanlah bukuini sebaik-baiknya. Kami menyadari bahwa buku ini masih perluditingkatkan mutunya. Oleh karena itu, saran dan kritik sangat kamiharapkan.

Jakarta, Juni 2009Kepala Pusat Perbukuan


5/564

Kata Pengantar Kata PengantarPuji syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa,atas limpahan rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penyusun dapatmenyelesaikan buku Panduan Pembelajaran Kimia XI untukSekolah Menengah Atas dan Madrasah Aliyah.

Buku ini disusun menggunakan pendekatan pembelajarankontekstual (Contextual Teaching and Learning). Materi disajikanmenggunakan bahasa yang mudah dipahami, serta setiap kajiandilengkapi dengan arahan tugas yang dapat dilakukan siswa. Halini dimaksudkan agar siswa dapat membuat hubungan antarapengetahuan yang dimiliki dengan penerapannya dalam kehidupansehari-hari. Soal-soal latihan juga diberikan guna mengetahuisejauhmana siswa mencapai kompetensinya.

Penyusun telah berupaya semaksimal mungkin untuk berkaryadengan harapan buku ini dapat digunakan sebagai pegangan gurudan siswa dalam proses pembelajarannya, khususnya untuk materikimia. Tidak lupa kami ucapkan terima kasih dan rasa penghargaanyang setinggi-tingginya kepada guru dan siswa yang menggunakanbuku ini. Kritik dan saran yang membangun akan sangat membantukami demi kesempurnaan buku ini.

Jakarta, Mei 2007Penulis


6/564

Daftar Isi Daftar IsiKatalog Dalam Terbitan (KDT) .......................................... iiKata Sambutan .................................................................iiiKata Pengantar .................................................................ivDaftar Isi .......................................................................... v

Bab ITeori Atom Mekanika Kuantum danBentuk Molekul ................................................... 1

A. Teori Atom Mekanika Kuantum ........................... 3B. Konfigurasi Elektron ............................................ 9C. Bentuk Molekul .................................................... 16D.Gaya Antarmolekul .............................................. 23Bab IITermokimia ......................................................... 31

A. Entalpi dan Perubahan Entalpi ............................ 33

B. Penentuan Perubahan Entalpi............................. 39C. Energi Bahan Bakar dan Perubahan Entalpi ...... 48Bab IIILaju Reaksi .......................................................... 55

A. Konsep Laju Reaksi ............................................. 57B. Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Laju Reaksi .. 60C. Persamaan Laju Reaksi ....................................... 69Bab IVKesetimbangan Kimia .......................................... 81

A. Konsep Kesetimbangan ........................................ 83B.Tetapan Kesetimbangan....................................... 89C.Kesetimbangan dalam Industri............................ 100


7/564

Evaluasi Semester I .......................................................... 107Bab V Larutan Asam dan Basa ....................................... 113

A. Konsep Asam Basa ............................................... 115

B. Sifat Asam dan Basa ............................................ 121

C.Reaksi Asam dan Basa......................................... 131

Bab VI Kesetimbangan Ion dalam Larutan ...................... 139

A. Larutan Penyangga .............................................. 141

B. Hidrolosis Garam ................................................. 150

C.Pengendapan dan Hasil Kali Kelarutan............... 157

Bab VII Sistem Koloid ....................................................... 167

A. Macam Sistem Koloid ........................................... 169

B.Sifat-sifat Koloid................................................... 174

C. Pembuatan Sistem Koloid .................................... 182

Evaluasi Semester II ......................................................... 191Evaluasi Akhir .................................................................. 194Glosarium ......................................................................... 200Daftar Pustaka .................................................................. 203Indeks .........................................................................205

Lampiran ......................................................................... 207Kunci .........................................................................217


8/564

....................

................................................................................

........

................................................................................

............

....................................Q

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

..........................................................................

......................

................................................................................

................................................................K

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

............................

................................................................................

........................................................................L

................................................................................

..................................................................

..............................P..................................V

..............................P

..............................L

....................L

............O

........................L

......................................Q

................................................................................

..........O


9/564

..................................................L

................................................................................

......................................D

............

..........

............

......................

......................................

......

............

..........

......

............

................

............

................

........

........D

........

..............................

............................................

..............................

......X

......................

............

................

............

......................

..........Q

......................

..............

........

............

..........................

................Q

................................................................................

..............................................D

............

................

......................

..........

..........

............

........

..............W

.................................."

................................................................................

..........................................D

................................................................................

........................................J

......

..........

..............


10/564

........

................

........

..........

..............

......

....D

..........

..............

........

..................

........

........

......................

..........D

..............

..........

..............

......................

............

..............

..........D

..........

....................

..................

............

......

....................

..........

......J

................................................................................

..................

................................................................................

..........................................Q

..................................

..........

..........

........................

..................D

................................................................................

..............................................Q

....................

............

..........

........

............

..................

..........

..............D

..............

........

........

................

............

................

..................Q


11/564

................

......................................................................$


12/564

................................................................................

....................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

..............................................................................

................................................................................

..............................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

..................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

....................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

........................

................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

......................................................

................................................................................

................U

..................................................U

................................................................................

..........O


13/564

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

......................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................

................................................................................

......................

................................................................................

............Q

................................................................................

..Q

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

......................

................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................

..........................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................

................................................................................

............

....................U

................................................................................

....................................................

..............

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................


14/564

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

.................................

......................................................................$


15/564

..

..............................P

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

......................................................................

..

..................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

............

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

....................................................................

..

......................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

....................................

..................

........................................................

............

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................


16/564

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

..........................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

..........O


17/564

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

..........

..

........................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

..........................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

....................

................................................................................

........O

............

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................

......................................................................P

..............Q

..............Q

......D

..............................P

..........K

............P

............P

..............W

....................P

............O

..............Q

..................O

................

........P

............

..................


18/564

..............W

..........V

..................V

..............S

..................................V

..............S

..............................G

..................................................V

..............S

..............................G

..........................................I

........................................................

................................................................................

....U

......................................................................$


19/564

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................

..

................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

........................................

....

....................................................................V= ....QV=- ..

..

..

....................................P

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

..................................


20/564

..

................V

................................................................................

..............................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

............................................................

................................................................................

..........O


21/564

................................................................................

..............................................Q

................................................................................

..................................Q

..........................................

............................................................................L

................................................................................

....................Q

..

................S

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................

............]]

[

....[

....\

....]

................................................................................

............Q

..............................................................S

..

................G

Orbital d mulai terdapat di kulit ketiga (n = 3), sesuai harga

l = 2. Ada lima jenis orbital d yang berbeda orientasinya sesuaidengan lima harga m, yaitu dxy , dyz , dxz , d 2, dan d 2

x2-yz

..................\

........

..\


22/564

......\

............................................................................L

..............................................................G

......................................................................$

..............................


23/564

......................................................................

................

........................

................................................................................

..

................................................................................

............................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

..............................................................

................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

............

................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

..................G

......................................................................................................................................

..S

..G

..

..........................................................................Q

................................................................................

................................................................................

........................................................

..

..........................X

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................


24/564

................................................................................

................................................................................

..........

................................................................................

..........O


25/564

..........

..................

................

............L

............................................................................

..V

......

......

......

......

......

......

....................

................

................

..............

..............K

..V

..S

..............................................................................L

..............................................................................O

..V

..S

..G....

................

..............

....

............

..............Q

................

............

..............

....

..V

..S

..G..I

............

..V

..S

..G

..I

..........

............

............

..........

........

....

......................

......................

..........K

......................................

..............

..............

..S

..V

..S

..G


26/564

............

............

........

................

..................D

........

..................

..............

....

................Q

..V

..S

....

..

..........................................L

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................P

................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

..................................................

..............................................................................Q

..........Q

............

......

............

................Q

............................................................X

..

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

............

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................


27/564

..........................................................

..............................................................

..

......................................................................$


28/564

..

....................G

..............

..........................

................

..........

......................................J

............

............

..............

............

............

........

..............

..........

........

................................................................................

......................................................

..............

..............

......................

............

........................................

................................................................

..........

..2

.. ..

.. . .

................

................................................................................

..........................................S

..................................................................G

.

..

..

..

.

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..


29/564

..

.

.. ..

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

............................................................................

. .

. . .

.. . .

.. ..

................................................................................

..........O

..


30/564

........................

..........

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .

................................

..........

.. .. .. .. .. ..

................................

..........

............................................................V

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

............................................................

............

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

........................................................................

................................................................................

..............................................................................

..

................................................................................

....Q

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

..................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

..

................................................................................

..................................G

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................


31/564

..

................................................................................

....................N

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

..................................................

..

......................................................................$


32/564

......................

..................

..............................

........

....................

..............

............

........

......................

................

............

..........

................

........U

................................................................................

..........................................N

..........

................

..........

..........

..................

..........

..........

........................D

............................................................................

................................................................................

..........................................$

................................$

..................................$

....L

........

..........D

........

....

.....

........

....

......E

........

....

......V

........

....

......U

........

....

....H

........

....

......J

........

....

......D


33/564

..............

......U

........

....

......D

........

....

......D

........

....

............................................................................L

..........

..........

........

................

....

................

......................

..............Q

..............

........................

..........

..........

................

......

..............L

................................................................................

......................................................U

................

..........

..........

..................

..............................

........

................

..$

................................................................................

..................................................W

..................................

......................

..........

..............................

..........

............

......................

..........

................

........

................

......................

................

............................


34/564

..........

................

......

................

......................

................

..............

............

..........

................

....

................

......................

................

............................

..........

................

......

................

......................

................

............................

..........

................

........................

......................

................

............................

..........

................

..........

........................................

..............................................

..............

................................

..............

..........

................

..........

........O

................................................................................

..............................................Q

................................................................................

................................................Q

............................................................................

......................

................

....

............

............

................

........%

................

......................


35/564

................

..............

............................

........

..........D

........

......................

................

....

..

..........

..............

........

..........

........

..

......................

................

....

..

..........

........

..........

........

........................L

..........

..........

....................

..........

..........

..........

..................

......

..............D

................

......................

..............................

....................................................Q

..................................................

................................................................................

..........O

..


36/564

..........

..........

..........................

..................

................

............

..........................................................

................

....................

............

..........

................

............

..............

..

..........................X

..

..............

................

........L

..

..................G

......

..........................

..................

..................

............

............S

................

....

..........

......................

..................

................................Q

........

..............

............

..

................................................................................

....N

..........

..........

..........

..........

................

........

........

................

......L

......................

................


37/564

..............

..........

..................

..............

..................Q

................................................................................

........................................................L

......................

................

..............

......

......

............................

........................[

................................................................................

..............................

..........

................

....................

........

..............................

........................U

............................................

............

....................................................

............L

................

..............

................

..............

................

..

..................................

........

........W

..............

................................................................................[

................

................

....

................................................................................

....................................................N

........

................

......

........

......................

................

................


38/564

......

..............

........

..........

................

................

........

................

..................

......D

......................

................

..............

......

................

........

..........

..............W

................

........

................

....

..

........

......................

................

....

......D

....

..

....

..................

....

......

......

........

..........................

................

......D

................................................................................

..................................................

................................................................................

..................................................Q

................

......

........

..........

................

................

........

..........

................D

......

................

..........

........


39/564

................

..............

..................

................

..........

....

......D

..........

................

................

........

................

....

........

................

............U

................................................................................

................................................Q

................................................................................

..................................................W

................................................................

......

................

..

......................................................................$


40/564

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

....................

......................................................................

..........................................

................................................................................

..

................................................................................

........................................................

........................G

............................U

..

................................................................................

..........................S

........................G

........................V

........................S

..

................................................................................

................................................................................

..................

..

............

..

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

........................................

..

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

........................................................................

................................................................................


41/564

..........O

..


42/564

..

..........................O

................................................................................

......................................P

............

..............

............................

..........

..........................................................Q

................................................................................

..............................................D

................................................................................

....................................................

................

..........

..................

..........

..............

......

............

..............

....................

................

..........

..............

............

................

..................

........P

................................................................................

................................................D

............

................................................................................

....................N

................................................................................

........................................O

................

......................

............

......

..........

..........

................

........

......D

................................................................................

....................................................O

................

............

..........

................

..........

........

..............................

..L


43/564

..............

............

............

..............

..........................

........

..................

..............Q

..........

..........

........

..............

................

..................

..........

............O

................................................................................

..............................................J

............

......

....................................

....................

........................................L

......

........

........

..........

..................

........

............

..........

..................Q

............

..........

..........................

........

............

................

................

..L

..............

........

............

................

........

................

..........

....................Q

............

............

................

........

............

....

..........

..............


44/564

........

..........W

..............

........

..................

....................

................

................

..............W

..................

............

....................

........

........

........

..........

................N

......................

................

..........

......

..............

..............

..........

............Q................

................

..........

..............

..............

..

................................................................................

......................................O

............................................................

................................................................................

........................................K

........

................

......

........

............

..............

..........

......

..............Q

........................

............................................

..........................

......................

..........

..........

............

............

..............

....................

........


45/564

..........K

................................................................................

............................................P

................................................................................

..............................................P

..............

........

........

..............

........

................

............

........

..

................................................................................

............................................D

....

..............

........

..........

..........

..................

..............

......

....................X

................................................................................

..........................................Q

..............................

............

................

................

........

..................

........N

........................................................................$


46/564

..........................................................

................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

..............................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

..........................................

..

................................................................................

..................Q

..........................V

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

........................................................................

..

................................................................................

........................Q

........V

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................


47/564

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

..........................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

......................................

................................................................................

..........O

..


48/564

................................................................................

..........................5

............................Q

..............Q

........................................................

..........K

........O

..........Q

........V

........................

......................................

........................................

................................

............................................

..........................................

................................................

......................

......................

......X

..........................................

..............................

....................

....

....

....

....2

......

....

......

..

......................................................................$


49/564

..........................

..............................

................................................

..........................................

......

....

....

......

................................................\

..

..........................................................O

................................................................................

................................Q

................

................

....

..............

..................

......................

............Q

..................................

................

..................

..........

..........

..........

....

................................................................................

............................................K

........................

................

................

....

..............

........

............

..........K

................

................

..........

....................

..........

..........

............

........

................................................................................

............................................K

........

..........

........................

..........


50/564

..................................................

..

............

..........

..........

................

........

..............

..

................................................................................

......................................Q

......................................................

..

................................................................................

................................

............

..

............

..................

..............................................................................

............................................................

....................

....

..............

........

..........

................

..

..........................Q

............

......

..........

................

................

................

............

..........Q

................................................................................

....................................D

................................................................................

..........O

..


51/564

..

..

..

..

................................................................................

....................................

....................

............

..........

......

..............

......

................

........

....

..............................

............................

................

............

............

............

..............

....2

....................................................................2

H

................................................................

..

H

................................................................................W............................................................J................


52/564

..........

..............................................................................2

..............................................................................2

....................

................

............

..

......X

..............

............

..............

....

..............................................................................

HH C

H......................................................................

H

................................................................................W........................................................N................

................................

............

..............................................................................

................

........

........................

..............

....

....................

................

............

......................

............

..............

......

......................................................................

ClCl


53/564


54/564

..

....................L

........

............

......................

............

..........

..............

..................Q

................................................................................

........................................Q

........

..............

................

................

....

..............

........

............

................

..........

....................

........

........

................

......................

........

........W

............

................

..............

........

............

..............................K

................................................................................

..........................................P

............

..............

........

..................

..................

..........

............

............L

........................

..........

..........

................

....................

..................

..........Q

........

....................

............

..........


55/564

......................

..............

........

........

..........

......................

..........

......................

....................

........

................

..............

....Q

................................................................................

..............................................N

..............

....................

........

........................

..............................

..............

....................................................................

....................................

..............

......

................................................................................[........\........]..............................................................................

........................[

........\

........]

..

..............Q

......................

........................................

........

....

....

................................................................................

....................................&

................................................................................

........................................J

..........

..............

........

........

..

..........


56/564

................

..

........

..

........N

................................................................................

............................................P

................................................................................

........................................................L

................

........

..

........

..............

......................

................

....................[

................

..]

................................................................................

........................................O

..............

............

........

..........

..................

..................

..........

............W

................................................................................

................................................O

....

......

......................

............

........

........

..........

....................

............O

................................................................................

......................................................L

............

............

........................

..............................

........

........

............W

..................

..............

..........

..................

..............................

........


57/564

............

................................................................................

......................................................

................................................................................

......................................................O

................................................................................

........................................................G

............................

........

............

............

........................

........

................

................................................................................

..........O

..


58/564


59/564

....................O

......L

..........................................Q

......

..................

................

................

..L

................................................

..............

................

................................................................................

..............................................O

..........

............

..............

............

..........................

............

........

..........Q

............

..............

........

........

..................

..................

........

..........Q

............................................................................................................................Q

................................................................................

..............................................O

............................................................................

............................................................................G

........................O

..........G

..........K

..........................G

........................................G

..........K

..S

....

....

......G

........

..........U


60/564

................

........U

....................O

................

..................D

..................O

......

....

....

......

....

................................................\

..

......................................................................$


61/564

..........

..........

..........................

..................

............

............

......................

..........

......................

................

....................

............

..........

................

..............

..............

............

............................................

..

..

..

........)........,

..........+

..

..............

..............

..............)

................

..........................

..............

..................

..............Q

..........................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

....................

Documents

Buku Kimia Kelas 2 SMA