Bulan BioDiesel

8/4/2019 Bulan BioDiesel

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BIODIESEL AS AN ALTERNATIVEFUEL LEADING TO CLEANER

ENVIRONMENT

CLEOTILDE A. BULAN

Chemicals and Mineral Division

Industrial Technology Development InstituteDepartment of Science and Technology,DOST Cpd., Bicutan, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines


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What is BIODIESEL?

Refers to neat vegetable oils used as dieselfuel as well as neat methyl esters preparedfrom vegetable oils or animal fats and evenblends of conventional diesel fuel with

vegetable oils or methyl esters.


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How to make Biodiesel?

Transesterification - transformation of one type of an esterinto another type of ester.

3 CH3OH

CH2COOR

CH2COOR

CHCOOR +

Triglyceride

Methanol

3 CH3COOR

CH2OH

CHOH

CH2OH

+

Glycerol

Methyl ester


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Why use Biodiesel?

Reliable, renewable, biodegradable and non-toxic

Environment friendly

Fuel properties comparable to mineral diesel

Can be produced from any kind of oil (vegetable,animal source and used frying oils)

Being agricultural product, all countries have the

abilities to produce and control this energy sourceCan strengthen economy

Can be used as a way of stimulating and supportingagriculture


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Biodiesel Emissions

Reduction of net carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by100%

Reduction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions by 100%

Reduction of soot emissions by 40-60%

Reduction of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by 10-50%

Reduction of hydrocarbon emissions by 10-50%

Reduction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)Reduction or increase of nitrous oxide (NOx) emissionsby 5-10% depending on the age of the vehicle and thetuning of the engine.


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WHAT IS COCONUT METHYL ESTER Coconut Methyl Ester (CME) is a

coconut oil derived ester, with thecarbon chain from C8 to C18. It hasa lubricity, solvency and detergencyproperties. With its density,

kinematic viscosity and otherproperties similar to diesel fuel.

CME can be used as a pure fuel oras a Petrodiesel enhancer/additivefor all diesel engines and it is now

ready for commercial application. It can used in any proportion in any

conventional diesel engine withoutengine modification.


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Table 1 Chemical and Physical Requirements

Property CME Limit Test Method

Flash point Pensky Martens oC, min. 100.0 PNS 613 / ASTM D 93Water & Sediments % vol. Max. 0.050 PNS 707 / ASTM D 2709

Kinematic viscosity @ 40oC, mm2/s 2.0 4.5 PNS 407 / ASTM D 445

Sulfated ash % mass max. 0.020 PNS 2025 / ASTM D 874

Sulfur @ mass max. 0.050 PNS 504 / ASTM D 2622PNS 1685 / ASTM D 5453

PNS 505 / ASTM D 4294PNS 502 / ASTM D 1266

Copper strip corrosion 3 hrs @ 50oC max. No. 3 PNS 379 / ASTM D 130

Cetane number, min. 42a

PNS 653 / ASTM D 613

Cloud point,oC max. Report PNS 706 / ASTM D 2500

Carbon residue,100% sample,% mass, max. 0.050 PNS 708 / ASTM D 4530

Acid number, mg KOH/g,max. 0.50 PNS 2024 / ASTM D 664

PNS 2026 / ASTM D 974Free glycerin, % mass, max. 0.02

aPNS 2022 / AOCS Ea6-51 (1989)

a

Total glycerin, % mass, max. 0.24a

PNS 2023 / AOCS Ca 14 -- 56 (1997)a

Phosphorus,% mass,max. 0.001 PNS 2028 / ASTM D 4951

Distillation AET 90% recoveredoC, max. 360 PNS 2027 / ASTM D 1160

a

Transition standard

(Source:DOE/TCPPA)

Chemical and Physical Requirements


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2.32

0.81

1.24

1.03

0.430.35

0.24

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 200 1,400 3,900 5,033 15,663 16,928

Road Run Kilometer (Km)

Op

ac

ityor

"K"Rea

ding

(m

-1)

386.67

135.00

206.67

171.67

71.67 58.3340.00

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

400.00

450.00

0 200 1 ,400 3,900 5,033 1 5,663 1 6,928

Road Run Kilomete r (Km)

Equ

iva

len

tDiese

lPar

ticu

late

(PPM)

Reduction of smoke emission after

using 1% CME into petrodiesel


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After using 1% CME

Before using CME

After using 1% CME

Before using CME

After using 1% CME

EFFECTS OF CME ON THE ENGINE


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POWER TORQUE CURVE

8.80

9.00

9.20

9.40

9.60

9.8010.00

10.20

10.40

10.60

10.80

1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

RPM

TORQUE(k

g-m)

LSD

1% CM E-13

1% CM E-15

2% CM E-13

2% CM E-15

5% CM E-13

5% CM E-15

Torque curve increase between 2.5% to 3.2% for CME blendsas compared to Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD)

Dynamometer Test Results


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California Buses Opacity Test Results

0.28

0.79

1.89

0.190.26

0.390.54

1.6

2.65

1.9

1.05

1.53

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0 900 1800 2700 3600 4500

Distance Travelled (Km)

Op

ac

ityor

"K"Readi

ng

(m-1)

with 1% CME

w/o CME


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COST BENEFITS USING CME

Average increase of 1 to 2 kilometers for every liter ofdiesel consumed.

Translates into savings of P 0.916 to P 2.85 for everyliter of diesel fuel.


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SUMMARY

BIODIESEL (FAME) is a stable, cleaner-burningdiesel fuel replacement made from natural,

renewable and biodegradable sources. It cutsemission, no sulfur, no lead, no halogens, easy tomake and safe to handle. No doubt it is a verypromising fuel alternative leading to cleaner

environment.


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THANK YOU

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