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Chinese-English Bilingual Teaching ForChinese-English Bilingual Teaching For

Logistics & Supply Chain Logistics & Supply Chain

Management Management

Chapter 5. Transportation

姜 阵 剑jzj@sdjzu.edu.cn

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Transportation is an essential element included in the

entire logistics, not a separate element.

a link between the different elements of the logistics

raw materials to processing plant.

very often within the elements.

E.G. Considerable amounts of transportation exist

within the manufacturing function

Review-ch.1

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fuel injection bodies

（喷油装置）

engines

car assembly

transmission parts

（传输部件）

Finally the finished car may be delivered

anywhere in the world for sale.

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Ch.5 Transportation ManagementCh.5 Transportation Management

Definition of Transportation.

Types of Traffic

Transportation Participants

Five Basic Transportation Modes and Their

Characteristics

Intermodal and Combined Intermodal and Combined

Transportation OperationsTransportation Operations

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1. Definition

Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another.

– Transportation is the physical movement.

– The term movements.

– Including any interchange , documentation processing , temporary accommodation and the procurement of the means of transportation.

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2. Types of Traffic

There are several different ways in which movements can

occur.

According to the frequency and the predictability with which

movement takes place over any given route, four basic

types of movement for goods can be identified:

– regular open-access,

– regular dedicated,

– predictably variable,

– and casual/spot/on-demand.

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A. Regular open-access movements of goods

Regular open-access movements in freight transportation are

the equivalent of scheduled public transportation services

in passenger operation.

Many advertised sea ,air and scheduled rail services

carrying both passenger and freight traffic this kind of

services.

The benefits for the operators

2. Types of Traffic

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B. Regular dedicated movements of goods

“Dedicated services” are those beyond regular scheduled services.

To meet distinctive customer requirements—— not open to public use —— contracted services normally run in scheduled slots (time slots) ——Ford.

But because they offer no commitment to public availability, they can be easily altered at short notice.

2. Types of Traffic

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C. Predictably variable movements of goods

Reasons for the Predictable variations

E.G. The origin and destinations are predictable, but the timing

of the trips and perhaps their frequency are variable.

This can be found in the road haulage of containers which

have been landed at a port for a mixture of immediate

deliveries and ‘wait order’ movements.

2. Types of Traffic

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D. Casual/spot/on-demand movements of goods

Finally there are movements —— not regular and Completely variable (unexpected) ：– casual or tramp movements,

– ‘spot’ traffic,

– one-off movements or special trips,

– or on-demand movements. often undertaken with spare capacity of operators or

vehicles/craft hired for the specific job.

2. Types of Traffic

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3. Transportation Participants3. Transportation Participants

I need something delivered at the

lowest possible cost!I need something

shipped at the lowest possible cost!

The transportation system is vital for the

country’s economic health

Carriers: We have the equipment!

发货人origin 承运人 收货人

destination

enter into a contract

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Modes of Transportation

运输方式

Water 水运Inland water & sea

Air 航空

Rail 铁路 Road 公路（ Truck ）

Pipelines 管道

4. Five Basic Transportation Modes

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Beijing: 40% commuters travel by more than 1 hour each day.

Economic loss caused by traffic congestion: RMB 40 million Yuan.

Shanghai: In 2003 ， economic loss caused by traffic congestion:

1/3 of GDP.

Road: To Improve Transport capacity to Meet the Demands of Socio-economic Development

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Siberian Railway Freight Car西伯利亚铁路运货车厢

40-Foot Containers 40-Foot Containers Doublestacked Doublestacked on a Rail Caron a Rail Car

The French TGV - EurostarThe French TGV - Eurostar

Rail

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747-400 Docking at 747-400 Docking at HK Int'l AirportHK Int'l Airport

Air

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bulk carrier, bulk cargo ship散货船cargo in bulk

整批货

general cargo ship杂货船

container ship/vessel集装箱船

liquefied gas carrier 液化气船

Water

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七层堆高机 fork-lift集装箱货场

container yard

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Stacked 40-Foot ContainersStacked 40-Foot Containers

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Loading and unloading

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Trans-Alaska PipelineTrans-Alaska Pipelinefor transporting crude oilfor transporting crude oil

1277km,1277km, inin19771977

West-East Gas Pipeline West-East Gas Pipeline more than 4,000 km more than 4,000 km Xinjiang---ShanghaiXinjiang---Shanghai

In 2004In 2004

Pipeline

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Transportation ModesTransportation Modes

Truck---Flexible in routing ( 行程安排 ) & time schedules, efficient for short-hauls( 拖运距离 ) of high value goods

Truck---Flexible in routing ( 行程安排 ) & time schedules, efficient for short-hauls( 拖运距离 ) of high value goods

Water---Low cost for shipping bulky ( 大 / 重的 ), low-value goods, slowest form

Water---Low cost for shipping bulky ( 大 / 重的 ), low-value goods, slowest form

Pipeline---Ship petroleum, natural gas, and chemicals from sources to markets

Pipeline---Ship petroleum, natural gas, and chemicals from sources to markets

Air---High cost, ideal when speed is needed or to ship high-value, low-bulk items

Air---High cost, ideal when speed is needed or to ship high-value, low-bulk items

Rail---Nation’s important carrier, cost- effective for shipping bulk ( 大 / 批量、散装 ) products

Rail---Nation’s important carrier, cost- effective for shipping bulk ( 大 / 批量、散装 ) products

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Choosing Transportation ModesChoosing Transportation ModesChoosing Transportation ModesChoosing Transportation Modes

1. Cargo,quantity,distance

2. Speed, Cost

3. Capability

4. Availability 可利用性 , 实用性5. Dependability 可靠性

Checklist ( 清单 ) for ChoosingTransportation

Modes

To achieve the right goods, in the right place, at the right time, at the right price and in the right condition.

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Quizzes: Choosing Transportation Quizzes: Choosing Transportation ModesModes

Quizzes: Choosing Transportation Quizzes: Choosing Transportation ModesModes

Jinan to Guangzhou

A small quantity of valuable fry ( 鱼苗 ), fresh flowers or seafood

A big machinetool ( 机床 )

A large quantity of coal or iron ore

Petroleum or gas

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铁路14%

航空0%

管道1%

水路9%

公路76%

我国交通运输货运量 (Traffic Freight Volume) 构成图

资料来源：国家统计局

Domestic Shipments by Mode and Volume

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航空0. 11%

管道1. 43%

铁路31. 27%

公路13. 79%

水运53. 39%

我国交通运输货物周转量 (Freight Turnover) 结构

资料来源：国家统计局

Domestic Shipments by Mode and Volume

货运周转量是指运输货物的数量（吨）与运输距离（公里）的乘积。其表示方法为吨公里或吨海里

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Ch.5 Transportation ManagementCh.5 Transportation Management

Definition of Transportation. Types of Traffic Transportation Participants Five Basic Transportation Modes and

Their Characteristics Intermodal and Combined Intermodal and Combined

Transportation OperationsTransportation Operations

Q & A !Q & A !

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ExercisesExercises

教材 P 73

Translation 2,3