目录 - tmu.edu.cn€¦ · Web view(4) The Mammae. Be familiar with the location, the features and the structures of mammae. Mention the clinical important. (5) The Perineum. ①

1．课程简介课程名称：系统解剖学课程时间：第 2 学期课程安排: 总课时数 156

科目授课学时数系统解剖学理论课 126

实验 30

总课时 156

课程简介：人体解剖学是研究正常人体形态结构的科学，是医学领域中重

要的医学基础课之一。医学名词中 1/3 以上来源于解剖学。人体解剖学分为系统解剖学和局部解剖学。系统解剖学是按照系统对人体形态结构进行学习。系统解剖学共讲授九大系统：运动系统、消化系统、呼吸系统、泌尿系统、生殖系统、内分泌系统、脉管系统、感官、神经系统。主要通过教师的理论授课，辅以多媒体教学，结合实验室中对示教尸体、局部人体标本、教学模型的观察，使学生理解与掌握人体各

1

器官系统的形态结构及位置毗邻，为后续医学基础及临床课程的学习打下坚实的形态学基础。

COURSE INTRODUCTION

Name of Course: Systematic Anatomy

Time of Course: The 2nd semester

Curriculum arrangement: Total teaching hours 156

Subject Teaching hours

Lecture 126

Experiment 30

Total 156

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

The human anatomy is the science dealing with the morphology and structure of

human body. Anatomy is one of the foundation subjects in medical study, and one

third of the medical terms come from anatomy. Gross Anatomy can further be divided

into Systematic Anatomy and Regional Anatomy. Systematic Anatomy is a subject

dealing with morphology and structure of human body according to systems.

Systematic Anatomy is composed of nine systems: Locomotor system, Alimentary

system, Respiratory system, Urinary system, Reproductive system, Endocrine system,

Vascular system, Sensory organs, Nervous system. The teaching of Systematic

Anatomy is mainly theoretic lecture with multimedia teaching software, the practices

about demonstrating cadaver, regional body specimen and teaching models. The

teaching goals are to understand and master the normal shapes and structures of the

organs and systems of human body. Make the necessary morphological basis for the

following medical basic courses and clinical medical courses.

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课程名称：局部解剖学课程时间：第 3 学期课程安排: 总课时数 72

科目授课学时数局部解剖学理论课 9 实验 63

总课时 72

课程简介：人体解剖学是研究正常人体形态结构的科学，是医学领域中重

要的医学基础课之一。医学名词中 1/3 以上来源于解剖学。人体解剖学分为系统解剖学和局部解剖学。局部解剖学是按照人体各局部学习正常人体形态结构及其毗邻关系。该课程在学生已学习系统解剖学的基础上开设，以学生亲自进行尸体解剖操作为主。局部解剖学共分为六部分进行操作：头部、颈部、胸部、腹部、上肢和下肢。其目的是使

3

学生理解和掌握人体各局部主要器官结构的层次、位置、毗邻关系，为临床医学课程奠定坚实的形态学基础。

COURSE INTRODUCTION

Name of Course: Regional Anatomy

Time of Course: The 3rd semester

Curriculum arrangement: Total teaching hours 156

Subject Teaching hours

Lecture 9

Experiment 63

Total 72

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

The human anatomy is the science dealing with the morphology and structure of

human body. Anatomy is one of the foundation subjects in medical study, and one third of

the medical terms come from anatomy. Gross Anatomy can further be divided into

Systematic Anatomy and Regional Anatomy. Regional Anatomy is a subject dealing with

morphology, structure and adjacent of normal human body according to body parts.

Regional Anatomy is given following the Systemic Anatomy which the students have

studied. The teaching of Regional Anatomy is mainly through the students dissect the

cadaver themselves. Regional Anatomy is composed of dissection of six parts: head, neck,

thorax, abdomen, upper limb and lower limb. The teaching goals are understand and master

the normal layers, position and adjacent relations of the organs and structures of human

body. Make the necessary morphological basis for the following clinical medical courses.

4

2. 教学大纲

Syllabus of Systematic Anatomy

THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEMOBJECTIVESKnowledgeAt the end of the course the student will be able to: 1. The General Description

(1) Master the definition of human anatomy. Master the anatomical position, terms of

direction, axis and planes. Understand the classification and history of human

anatomy.

(2) Master the composition and the function of the locomotor system.

2. Osteology

(1) Master the shape and classification, the structure and the functions of bones. Be

familiar with normal development, the chemical composition and physical properties

of bones. Understand the blood and nerve supply of bones.

(2) Master the composition, parts, shapes and functions of the bones of trunk. Master

the main characteristics of vertebrae in each regions. Master sternal angle and its

clinical meaning. Master the following bony marks: The spine of 7 th cervical vertebra,

jugular notch, sternal angle, xiphoid process, costal arch, sacral cornu.

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(3) Master the composition of the skull. Master the names, features and the situations

of the separate cerebral cranium and the facial cranium. Master the structures of the

internal surface of the base of skull. Remember the names and locations of the

important holes (canals fissures) in the base of skull. Master the situations, features,

and the openings of paranasal sinuses. Master the characteristics of the skull at birth.

Be familiar with the location, the feature and the structure of the infratemporal fossa,

the pterygopalatine fossa, the obit and the bony nasal cavity.

Understand the bony marks of skull.

(4) Master the composition, feature and structure of the upper limb. Master the

arrange order of the carpal bones. Understand the bony marks of upper limb.

(5) Master the composition, features and structures of the lower limb. Master the

arrange order of the tarsal bones. Understand the bony marks of lower limb.

3. Arthrology

(1) The General Description of Joints

① Master the classification of joints. Master the essential structures and the accessory

structures of the synovial joints. Master the classification of the joint and the joint

movements.

② Understand the blood vessels and nerves of synovial joints.

(2) The Joints of the Bones of Trunk

① Master the joints of the vertebral column. Master the structures of the intervertebral

foramina and the verebral canal. Master the structures of the spinal column, the

physiological curvatures and the functions of the spinal column. Master the joints and

movements of the ribs and the thoracic vertebrae. Master the composition, the feature,

the thoracic cage as a whole and the movements, functions of the thoracic cage.

② Be familiar with the structures and the functions of the intervertebral disc, the

compositin and the movements of the atlantooccipital joint and atlantoaxial joint.

③ Understand the joints conditions of the ribs and the sternum.

(3) The Joints of the Bones of Skull

①Master the structure, structural characteristics and movements of the

temporomandibular joint (TM joint).

② Understand the joints of the bones of skull.

(4) The Joints of Upper Limb

① Master the compositions, structural characteristics and the functions and

movements of the shoulder joint, the elbow joint, the joints between ulna and radius,

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the wrist joint (radiocarpal joint) and the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.

② Be familiar with the movement of the metacarpalphalangeal joint and the

interphalangeal joint of hand.

③ Understand the X-rays of the bones and joints of upper limb.

(5) The Joints of Lower Limb

① Grasp the conceptions, composition of the pelvis and some important anatomical

marks. Master the main differences between the male and female pelvis. Master the

joints of lower limb.

② Be familiar with the structures and functions of the arches of foot.

③ Understand the X-rays of the bones and the joints of the lower limb.

4. Myology

(1) The General Description

① Master the morphology and structure of skeletal muscle. Master the supplementary

structures of muscles. Master the distribution of the muscles groups and the

relationship each other of the muscles groups while moving.

② Be familiar with the shapes, the origin and insertion, actions of skeletal muscle, the

nomenclature of muscles.

③ Understand the muscle is supplied by abundant blood vessel, lymphatics and

nerves. Understand the development of the skeletal muscles.

(2) The Muscles of Trunk

① Master the names, the situations, morphological characteristics, origins, insertions

and actions of muscles of back, thorax, diaphragm and abdomen.

Master the composition of the thoracolumbar fascia. Master the names, the locations

and the transmitting structures of the 3 openings of the diaphragm. Master the

structural characteristics of the sheath of rectus abdominis, inguinal ligament and the

linea alba. Master the position and the main contents of the inguinal canal and the 4

walls and 2 openings of the inguinal canal. Master the position of the

Hesselbach’triangle.

② Be familiar with the following muscular marks from the body surface: The

trapezius, the latissimus dorsi, the erector spinae, the pectoralis major, the serratus

anterior, the rectus abdominis, the inguinal ligament.

(3) The Muscles of Head and Neck

① Master the names, the situations, origins and insertions，actions of the muscles of

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head and neck.

② Be familiar with the muscular marks from body surface of the masseter, the

temporalis and the sternocleidomastoid.

③ Understand the groups of the muscles of neck. Understand the structural

characteristics of the facial of neck.

(4) The Muscles of Upper Limb and Lower Limb

① Master the names, the situations, origins, insertions and the actions of the muscles

of upper limb and lower limb.

② Be familiar with muscular marks of upper limb and lower limb.

③ Understand the names, the groups, situations and the action of the muscles of hand

and foot.

SkillsAt the end of the course the student will be able to:

1. The General Description

Master anatomical position. Master the axis and planes, terms of direction of human

body.

2. Osteology

(1) Understand names and their positions of the bones of all body. Understand the

shape and classification of the bones with examples.

(2) Master the names for special part of every bone (especially articular surface).

(3) Master the following bony marks: The spine of 7th cervical vertebra, jugular notch,

sternal angle, xiphoid process, costal arch, sacral cornu; external occipital

protuberance, mastoid process, zygomatic arch, head of mandible, superciliary arch,

hyoid bone; clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula, inferior angle of the scapula, lateral

and medial epicondyles of the humerus, olecranon, head of ulna, head of radius,

styloid process of radius, styloid process of ulna, scaphoid bone; iliac crest, anterior

superior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac spine, ischial tuberosity, greater trochanter,

lateral and medial epicondyle of the femur, patella, tibial tuberosity, fibular head,

medial malleolus, lateral melleolus, calcaneal tuberosity, tuberosity of navicular bone.

3. Arthrology

(1) Understand definition and classification of joints.

(2) Master the essential structures and the accessory structures of the synovial joints.

Master the types of joint movements.

(3) Master detailed study of following major joints, including bony strucure,

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characteristics, the accessory structures, main movement: the vertebral column, the

joints of the vertebral bodes and the joints of the vertebral arches, the atlantooccipital

joint and atlantoaxial joint, the thoracic cage, the temporomandibular joint (TM joint),

the shoulder joint, the elbow joint, the joints between ulna and radius, the wrist joint

(radiocarpal joint), the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb, the pubic symphysis,

sacroiliac joint, sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, the greater pelvis, the

lesser pelvis, the main differences between the male and female pelvis, hip joint, knee

joint, ankle joint (talocrural joint).

4. Myology

(1) Master details of all the muscles, including the names, situations, shapes, origins,

insertions and actions: muscles of back; muscles of thorax, muscles of abdomen,

muscles of head and neck, muscles of upper limb, muscles of lower limb.

(2) Master the situation, feature, structural characteristics, origins and actions of the

diaphragm. Master the openings of the diaphragm.

(3) Master the following muscular marks: the trapezius, the latissimus dorsi, the

erector spinae, the pectoralis major, the serratus anterior, the rectus abdominis, the

inguinal ligament; the masseter, the temporalis, the sternocleidomastoid, the deltoid,

the biceps brachii, the triceps brachii, the flexor carpi radialis and its tendon, the

tendon of the palmaris longus. The flexor carpi ulnaris and its tendon, the extensor

digitorum and its tendons, the abdoctor pollicis longus, the extensor polis brevis and

longus, the gluteus maximus, the sartorius, the quadriceps femoris, the patellar

ligament, the semitendinosus and its tendon, the semimembranosus and its tendon, the

biceps femoris and its tendon, the triceps surue, the tendo calcaneus.

COURSE CONTENTTheory1. The General Description

(1) The conception of human anatomy, classification and history of human anatomy

(2) Anatomical position, terms of direction, axis and planes

(3) The composition and the function of the locomotor system

2. Osteology

(1) The General Description of the Bone

① The shape and classification of bones with examples

② The structure and the functions of bones and normal development

③ The chemical composition and physical properties of bones, the blood and nerve

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supply of bones

(2) Bones of Trunk

① The composition of the bones of trunk, the composition, parts and functions of the

vertebral column

② The common features of the general shapes of the vertebrae, the main

characteristics of vertebrae in each regions (include the sacrum and the coccyx)

③ The common shapes and parts of the sternum, the shapes of the ribs, sternal angle

and its clinical meaning

(3) Skull

① The composition of the skull, the names and the situations of the separate cerebral

cranium and the facial cranium

② The detailed feature of the following bones: ethmoid, temporal, sphenoid, occipital,

anhyoid, maxilla and mandible

③ The characteristics of the skull at birth

④ The structures of the internal surface of the base of skull, the names and locations

of the important holes (canals fissures) transmitting the nerves and blood vessels in

the base of skull

⑤ The location, the feature and the structure of the infratemporal fossa, the

pterygopalatine fossa, the obit and the bony nasal cavity, the situations, features, and

the openings of paranasal sinuses

(4) The Bones of Upper Limb

① The composition of the upper limb

② The feature and structure of the following bones: the clavicle, the scapula, the

humerus, the radius and the ulna, the bones of the hand (the carpal bones, the

metacarpal bones and the phalanges)

③ The arrange order of the carpal bones

(5) The Bones of Lower Limb

① The composition of the lower limb

② The features and structures of the following bones: hip bone (ilium, ischium,

pubis), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones (talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid,

cuneiforms)

③ The arrange order of the tarsal bones

3. Arthrology

(1) The General Description of Joints

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① The classification of joints: The immovable articulations (Synarthroses: the fibrous

joints, the cartilaginous joints, the synostoses) and the freely movable articulations

(Synovial joints, diarthroses)

② The essential structures and the accessory structures of the synovial joints, the

classification of the joint and the joint movements

③ The blood vessels and nerves of synovial joints

(2) The Joints of the Bones of Trunk

① The joints of the vertebral column, the structures and the functions of the

intervertebral disc, the compositin and the movements of the atlantooccipital joint and

atlantoaxial joint, the structures of the spinal column, the physiological curvatures and

the functions of the spinal column, the structures of the intervertebral foramina and

the verebral canal

② The joints and movements of the ribs and the thoracic vertebrae, the joints

conditions of the ribs and the sternum

③ The composition, the feature, the thoracic cage as a whole and the movements,

functions of the thoracic cage

(3) The Joints of the Bones of Skull

① The joints of the bones of skull

② The structure, structural characteristics and movements of the temporomandibular

joint (TM joint)

(4) The Joints of Upper Limb

① The compositions, structural characteristics and the functions and movements of

the shoulder joint, the elbow joint, the joints between ulna and radius, the wrist joint

(radiocarpal joint) and the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb, the movement of the

metacarpalphalangeal joint and the interphalangeal joint of hand

② The X-rays of the bones of upper limb, the X-rays of the shoulder joint, the elbow

joint and the wrist joint

(5) The Joints of Lower Limb

① The composition of the pelvis and some important anatomical marks, the

conceptions of the greater pelvis, the lesser pelvis (included the inlet and the outlet),

the main differences between the male and female pelvis, the joints of pelvis: the

pubic symphysis, sacroiliac joint, sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

② The shapes, compositions and movements of the following joints: Hip joint, knee

joint, ankle joint (talocrural joint), the transverse tarsal joint (Chopart’s joint), the

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movement of the intermetatarsal joints

③ The structures and functions of the arches of foot

④ The X-rays of the bones and the joints of the lower limb

4. Myology


① The morphology and structure of skeletal muscle, the shapes, the origin and

insertion, actions of skeletal muscle, the nomenclature of muscles, the distribution of

the muscles groups and the relationship each other of the muscles groups while

moving, the supplementary structures of muscles

② The muscle is supplied by abundant blood vessel, lymphatics and nerves, the

development of the skeletal muscles

(2) The Muscles of Trunk

① The Muscles of Back

The names, the situations, morphological characteristics, origins, insertions and

actions of the following muscles (the trapezius, the latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae,

rhomboid, and the erector spinae), the composition of the thoracolumbar fascia

② The Muscles of Thorax

The names, the situations, morphological characteristics, origins, insertions and

actions of the following muscles (the pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus

anterior and the intercostals externi, the intercostals interni)

③ The Diaphragm

The position, structural characteristics, origins and insertions, actions of the

diaphragm, the names, the locations and the transmitting structures of the 3 openings

of the diaphragm

④ The Muscles of Abdomen

The names, the situations, structural characteristics, origins and insertions, and the

actions of the muscles of abdomen (the obliquus externus abdominis, the obliquus

internus abdominis, the transverses abdominis, and the rectus abdominis), the

structural characteristics of the sheath of rectus abdominis, inguinal ligament and the

linea alba

⑤ The position and the main contents of the inguinal canal and the 4 walls and 2

openings of the inguinal canal, the position of the Hesselbach’triangle

(3) The Muscles of Head and Neck

① The situations and actions of the facial muscles (the epicranius, the orbicularis

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oculi, the orbicularis oris and the buccinator), the names, the situations, origins and

insertions ， actions of the masticatory muscles (the masseter, the temporalis, the

medial pterygoid and the lateral pterygoid)

② The groups, situations and the actions of the muscles of neck, the structural

characteristics of the facial of neck

③ The situations, origins, insertions and actions of the following muscles (the

sternoleidomastoid, the scalenus anterior, the scalenus medius, the scalenus posteror)

(4) The Muscles of Upper Limb

① The situations and actions of the 6 muscles of shoulder (the daltoid, the

supraspinatus, the infraspinatus, the teres minor, the teres major and the

subscapularis)

② The names, the situations, origins, insertions and the actions of the muscles of arm

(the biceps brachii, the coracobrachialis, the brachialis, the triceps brachii)

③ The names, the situations, origins and insertions and the actions of the anterior

group of the muscles of forearm: the brachioradialis, the pronator teres, the flexor

carpi radialis, the palmaris longus, the flexor capi ulnaris, the flexor digitorum

superficialis, the flexor pollicis longus, the flexor digitorum profundus, the pronator

quadratus, the layers, ranges and the actions of the posterior group of the muscles of

forearm (the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, the extensor digitorum, the

extensor digiti minimi, the extensor carpi ulnaris, the supinator, the abdoctor pollicis

longus, the extensor polis brevis and longus, the extensor indicis)

④ The names, the groups, situations and the action of the muscles of hand

(5) The Muscles of Lower Limb

① The names, the situations, morphological characteristics, origins and insertions and

the actions of the following hip muscles (the iliopsoas, the gluteus maximus, the

gluteus medius and minimus, the piriformis)

② The names, the situations, origins and insertions, morphological characteristics and

the actions of the muscles of thigh (the sartorius, the quadriceps femoris, the adductor

longus and brevis, the adductor magnus, the pectineus, the gracilis, the biceps

femoris, the semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus)

③ The names, the situations, origins and insertions and the actions of the muscles of

leg (the tibialis anterior, the extensor digitorum longus, the extensor hallucis longus,

the peroneus longus and brevis, the gastrocnemius, the soleus, the flexor hallucis

13

longus, the tibialis posterior, the flexor digitorum longus)

④ The names, the groups and the main actions of the muscles of foot

Practicals1. The General Description

(1) Anatomical position

(2) The axis and planes, terms of direction of human body

2. Osteology

(1) Names and their positions of the bones of all body

(2) The shape and classification of the bones with examples

(3) The names for special part of every bone (especially articular surface)

(4) The following bony marks from own body: the spine of 7th cervical vertebra,

jugular notch, sternal angle, xiphoid process, costal arch, sacral cornu; external

occipital protuberance, mastoid process, zygomatic arch, head of mandible,

superciliary arch, hyoid bone; clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula, inferior angle of

the scapula, lateral and medial epicondyles of the humerus, olecranon, head of ulna,

head of radius, styloid process of radius, styloid process of ulna, scaphoid bone; iliac

crest, anterior superior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac spine, ischial tuberosity,

greater trochanter, lateral and medial epicondyle of the femur, patella, tibial

tuberosity, fibular head, medial malleolus, lateral melleolus, calcaneal tuberosity,

tuberosity of navicular bone

3. Arthrology

(1) Definition and classification of joints

(2) The essential structures and the accessory structures of the synovial joints

(3) The types of joint movements

(4) Detailed study of following major joints, including bony strucure, characteristics,

the accessory structures, main movement: the vertebral column, the joints of the

vertebral bodes and the joints of the vertebral arches, the atlantooccipital joint and

atlantoaxial joint, the thoracic cage, the temporomandibular joint (TM joint), the

shoulder joint, the elbow joint, the joints between ulna and radius, the wrist joint

(radiocarpal joint), the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb, the pubic symphysis,

sacroiliac joint, sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, the greater pelvis, the

lesser pelvis, the main differences between the male and female pelvis, hip joint, knee

joint, ankle joint (talocrural joint)

4. Myology

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(1) Classification and identification of the muscles of all body

(2) Details of all the muscles, including the names, situations, shapes, origins,

insertions and actions: muscles of back; muscles of thorax, muscles of abdomen,

muscles of head and neck, muscles of upper limb, muscles of lower limb

(3) The situation, feature, structural characteristics, origins and actions of the

diaphragm, the openings of the diaphragm

(4) The following muscular marks: the trapezius, the latissimus dorsi, the erector

spinae, the pectoralis major, the serratus anterior, the rectus abdominis, the inguinal

ligament, the masseter, the temporalis, the sternocleidomastoid

(5) The following muscular marks in the upper limb: the deltoid, the biceps brachii,

the triceps brachii, the flexor carpi radialis and its tendon, the tendon of the palmaris

longus, the flexor carpi ulnaris and its tendon, the extensor digitorum and its tendons,

the abdoctor pollicis longus, the extensor polis brevis and longus

(6) The following muscular marks in the lower limb: the gluteus maximus, the

sartorius, the quadriceps femoris, the patellar ligament, the semitendinosus and its

tendon, the semimembranosus and its tendon, the biceps femoris and its tendon, the

triceps surue, the tendo calcaneus

SPLANCHNOLOGYOBJECTIVESKnowledgeAt the end of the course the student will be able to: 1. Introduction

(1) Master splanchnology means the study of viscera and the general structures of the

viscera.

(2) Master the common reference lines of the thorax and the abdominal regions.

2. The Alimentary System

(1) Master the composition and the function of the alimentary system.

(2) Master the parts and the boundaries of the oral cavity. Master the composition and

functions of the soft palate, the situation and function of the palatine tonsil. Master the

shapes and the structures of the teeth. Master the describe method of the deciduous

teeth and the permanent teeth. Master the compositions of the periodontal structure.

Master the shape of the tongue, the origin and insertion and the action of the muscles

15

of tongue, the mucous membrane and the papillae of tongue. Master the situations,

shapes, the duct opening of the salivary glands. Be familiar with the morphological

characteristics of the oral lips, the cheeks, and the palate.

(3) Master the pharynx may be divided into 3parts. Understand the situation of the

pharyngeal tonsilar ring.

(4) Master the origin, insertion, shape, situation and main neighbors of the esophagus,

the situation and clinic meaning of the 3 constrictions.

(5) Master the situation, shape, parts and important relations of stomach. Understand

the musculature and the inner surface of stomach .

(6) Master the feature, construction, parts and situation, main neighbors of

duodenum . Master the conception of the Treitz ligament (suspensory ligament of

duodenum). Master situation, shape and the characteristics of the mucous membrane

of jejunum and ileum. Understand the parts and functions of small intestine.

(7) Master the parts of large intestine, the morphological characteristics of cecum and

colon. Master the situation, feature and construction of cecum and vermiform

appendix, the surface projection marking for the appendicular base. Master the parts

of the colon, position of every part. Master the feature, situation and structure of the

rectum. Master the feature of the anal canal. Master the distribution and function of

the sphincter ani externus.

(8) Master the feature and construction of liver, the situation and relations of liver, the

lobes and segments of liver. Master the situation and the feature of the gallbladder, the

surface projection marking of the base of gallbladder. Master the biliary ducts

(construction, opening and its running course).

(9) Master the feature, parts, situation and relation of pancreas, the pancreatic duct

opens into the major duodenal papilla.

3. The Respiratory System

(1) Master the constructions and the functions of the respiratory system, the

composition of the upper and lower respiratory tract.

(2) Master the features, constructions, the functions of the nasal cavity, the portions

and the functions of the nasal mucous membrane. Master the situations, features,

mucous and the openings of paranasal sinuses. Understand the features and the

constructions of external nose.

(3) The Pharynx (See the alimentary system )

(4) Master the situation, the cartilages and their joints of larynx and the main body

16

surface marks. Master the names, situations and their functions of the laryngeal

muscles. Master the features and the portions of the larygeal cavity in the living body.

Understand the structures can be seen through the indirectly laryngoscope.

(5) Master the origin and insertion, the situation and relations of the trachea. Master

the morphological differences and clinical meaning between the right and left

principal bronchi.

(6) Master the feature, position, lobes and the segments of the lungs.

(7) Master the portions and the situations of pleurae. Master the pleural cavity and the

situations of the pleural recesses. Master the projection of the inferior margins of lung

and pleurae, the apex of lung and the cupula of pleura. Understand the X-ray and the

body surface projection of the lungs and pleura.

(8) The Mediastinum

Master the situation, the construction and the parts of mediastinum.

4. The Urinary System

(1) Master the composition and the function of the urinary system.

(2) Master the location, the features, the structures, the main relations, the coverings

and fix structure of kidneys. Master the tributary characteristics of the blood vessels

and real vascular segmentation.

(3) Master the shape, the origin and insertion, running course of urine, the parts, the

constructions and the main relations of ureters.

(4) Master the features, location and relations of urinary bladder. Master the location

and clinical meaning of the trigone of bladder. Master the relation and clinical

meaning between the urinary bladder and peritoneum.

(5) Master the characteristics, location and the opening of female urethra. (the male

urethra see the male reproductive organ)

5. The Male Reproductive System

(1) Master the composition and the function of the male reproductive system.

(2) The Internal Reproductive Organs

① Master shape, structures and the functions of testis. Master the feature, the location

and the functions of epididymis. Master the characteristics, the portions of ductus

deferens and the portion of vasectomy. Master the organization, location and the

coverings of spermatic cord. Master the features and structures, the lobes, location

and the relations of prostate.

② Be familiar with the formation and the opening of ejaculatory duct.

17

③ Understand the locations, the opening of the seminal vesicles. Understand the

location, the opening of the bulbourethral gland.

(3) The External Reproductive Organs

① Master the tunica vaginalis of testis and the cavity of tunica vaginalis. Master the

prepuce of penis and the frenulum of the prepuce and their clinical meanings. Master

the portions, curvatures, strictures and the functions of male urethra.

② Be familiar with the structural characteristics and the functions of scrotum, the

descent course and the covering of testis and its clinical importance. Be familiar with

the parts, the structural characteristics and the functions of penis.

6. The Female Reproductive System

(1) Master the parts, the composition of every parts, and the functions of the female

reproductive system.


① Master the situation, parts, features, fixed structures, constructions, the functions

and relations of ovaries, uterus and vagina. Master the situation, the opening and the

portions of uterine tubes. Master the place where the ligation of the uterine tube is

performed, where the fertilization usually occurs.

② Understand the structures of the wall of uterus.

(3) The External Reproductive Organ

① Understand the composition of the external genital organs of female.

② Master the location and the place of the openings of external orifice of urethra,

vaginal orifice and orifice of greater vestibular glands.

(4) The Mammae

Be familiar with the location, the features and the structures of mammae. Mention the

clinical important.

(5) The Perineum

① Be familiar with the conception, limits and composition of perineum.

② Understand the limits and structures (layers of fasciae, muscles), transmitting

contents of urogenital and anal triangles.

③ Master the parts and the functions of the levator ani, coccygeus and sphincter ani

externus.

7. The Peritoneum

(1) The general description: Master the peritoneum, the relation of the parietal

peritoneum and the viscera, the conception of peritoneal cavity.

18

(2) Master the relationship and the clinical meaning between viscera and peritoneum:

categorized into 3 groups.

(3) Master the positions and the forming structures of peritoneal reflections.

Understand their clinical meanings.

(4) Master the features and structures, locations, the portions, and the functions of

lesser and greater omenta. Master the features and structures, location, opening and

the relations of omental bursa.

(5) Master the locations of rectovesical and rectouterine pouches and understand their

clinical meanings. Master the locations of hepatorenal recess. Understand the

locations of peritoneal recesses and pouches.


1. Introduction

Understand the common reference lines of the thorax and the abdominal regions.


(1) Master the position, composition, relations, important constrictions of the

alimentary canal: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large

intestine.

(2) Master the action of the muscles of tongue, the mucous membrane and the papillae

of tongue. Master the situations, features, the opening of the salivary glands.

(3) Master the characteristics of cecum and colon. Master the surface projection

marking for the appendicular base.

(4) Master the feature, situation and relations of liver. Master the situation and the

feature of the gallbladder, the surface projection marking of the base of gallbladder.

Master the biliary ducts (construction, opening and its running course). Master the

feature, parts, situation and relation of pancreas, the pancreatic duct opens into the

major duodenal papilla.


(1) Master the constructions and the functions of the respiratory system, the upper and

lower respirator system.

(2) Master the features, constructions, functions, main characteristics of the nose, the

pharynx, the larynx, trachea and principle bronchi. Master the situations, features,

mucous and the openings of paranasal sinuses. Master the situation, the cartilages and

their joints of larynx. Master the names, situations and their functions of the laryngeal

19

muscles. Understand the features and the portions of the larygeal cavity. Master the

differences between the right and left principal bronchi.

(3) Master the feature, situation of the lungs, the hilum and root of lungs. Master the

portions and the situations of pleurae. Master the pleural cavity and the recesses

(construction and situations). Master the projection of the inferior margins of lung and

pleurae, the apex of lung and the cupula of pleura.

(4) Be familiar with the construction and the parts of mediastinum.


(1) Master the features, the location and the relations of kidneys, the uterus, the

urinary bladder, the female urethra.

(2) Master the structure, the coverings of kidneys. Master the 3 constrictions of the

uterus.

(3) Master the situation and clinical importance of the trigone of bladder.


(1) Master the structure, position of testis.

(2) Master the feature, the location and the functions of epididymis. Master the

characteristics, the portions of ductus deferens and the portion of vasectomy.

Understand the formation and the opening of ejaculatory duct. Master the

organization and the coverings of spermatic cord.

(3) Be familiar with the locations, the opening of the seminal vesicles and the

bulbourethral glands. Master the features and structures, the lobes, location and the

relations of prostate.

(4) Master the portions, curvatures, strictures and the functions of male urethra.

Understand the structural characteristics and the functions of scrotum and penis.


(1) Master the situation, features and constructions and the functions of ovaries,

uterine tube and uterus, vagina.

(2) Master the portions of uterine tubes. Master the place where the ligation of the

uterine tube is performed, where the fertilization usually occurs. Master the structures

of the supports of uterus.

(3) Understand the structures of the external genital organs of female. Master the

place of the openings of external orifice of urethra, vaginal orifice and orifice of

greater vestibular glands.

(4) Be familiar with the features and the structures of mammae.

20

(5) Understand the conception, limits and parts of perineum. Understand the limits

and structures (layers of fasciae, muscles) of urogenital and anal triangles.

7. The Peritoneum

(1) Master the relationship between viscera and peritoneum, categorized into 3

groups.

(2) Master the positions and the forming structures of peritoneal reflections. Master

the features and structures, locations, the portions, and the functions of lesser and

greater omenta. Master the features and structures, location, opening and the relations

of omental bursa.

(3) Understand the locations of peritoneal recesses and pouches. Master the locations

of rectovesical, rectouterine pouches and hepatorenal recess.

COURSE CONTENTTheory1. Introduction

(1) Splanchnology means the study of viscera, the viscera can be arranged in 4

systems, the main function of every system

(2) The general structures of the viscera

(3) The common reference lines of the thorax and the abdominal regions


(1) The composition and the function of the alimentary system

(2) The Oral Cavity

① The parts and the boundaries of the oral cavity, the morphological characteristics of

the oral lips, the cheeks, and the palate

② The composition and functions of the soft palate, the situation and function of the

palatine tonsil

③ The shapes and the structures of the teeth, the pattern of the deciduous teeth and

the permanent teeth, the compositions of the periodontal structure

④ The shape of the tongue, the origin and insertion and the action of the muscles of

tongue, the mucous membrane and the papillae of tongue

⑤ The situations, shapes, the duct opening of the salivary glands

(3) The Pharynx

The pharynx may be divided into 3parts, the situation of the pharyngeal tonsilar ring

(4) The Esophagus

The origin, insertion, shape, situation and main neighbors of the esophagus, the

21

situation and clinic meaning of the 3 constrictions

(5) The Stomach

① The situation, shape and parts of stomach, the important relations of stomach

② The musculature and the inner surface of stomach

(6) The Small Intestine

① The parts and functions of small intestine

② The feature, construction, parts and situation, main neighbors of duodenum

③ Situation, shape and the characteristics of the mucous membrane of jejunum and

ileum, the conception of the Treitz ligament (suspensory ligament of duodenum)

(7) The Large Intestine

① The parts of large intestine, the morphological characteristics of cecum and colon

② The situation, feature and construction of cecum and vermiform appendix, the

surface projection marking for the appendicular base

③ The parts of the colon, position of every part

④ The feature, situation and structure of the rectum

⑤ The feature of the anal canal, the distribution and function of the sphincter ani

externus

(8) The Liver

① The feature, construction, situation, relations, lobes and the segments of liver

② The situation and the feature of the gallbladder, the surface projection marking of

the base of gallbladder

③ The construction, opening and running course of biliary ducts

(9) The Pancreas

The feature, parts, situation and relation of pancreas, the pancreatic duct opens into

the major duodenal papilla


(1) Master the constructions and the functions of the respiratory system, the

composition of the upper and lower respiratory tract

(2) The Nose

① The features and the constructions of external nose

② The features, constructions, the functions of the nasal cavity, the portions and the

functions of the nasal mucous membrane

③ The situations, features, mucous and the openings of paranasal sinuses

(3) The Pharynx

22

(See the alimentary system)

(4) The Larynx

① The situation, the cartilages and their joints of larynx and the main body surface

marks

② The names, situations and their functions of the laryngeal muscles, the structures

can be seen through the indirectly laryngoscope

③ The features and the portions of the larygeal cavity in the living body

(5) The Trachea and the Bronchi

① The origin and insertion, the situation and relations of the trachea

② The morphological differences and clinical meaning between the right and left

principal bronchi

(6) The Lungs

① The feature，position of the lungs, the hilum and root of lungs

② The conceptions of the lobes and the segments of lungs

(7) The Pleura

① The portions and the situations of pleurae

② The pleural cavity and the situations of the pleural recesses

③ The X-ray and the body surface projection of the lungs and pleura, the projection

of the inferior margins of lung and pleurae, the apex of lung and the cupula of pleura

(8) The Mediastinum

The situation, the construction and the parts of mediastinum


(1) The composition and the function of the urinary system

(2) The Kidney

① The features, the location and the main relations, the structures seen by the bare

eye of kidneys

② The structure, the coverings and fix structure of kidneys

③ The tributary characteristics of the blood vessels and real vascular segmentation

(3) The Ureters

① The shape, the origin and insertion, running course of urine, the parts and the

constructions of ureters

② The main relations of the ureters in the pelvic cavity

(4) The Urinary Bladder

① The features, location and relations of urinary bladder

23

② The location and clinical meaning of the trigone of bladder

③ The relation and clinical meaning between the urinary bladder and peritoneum

(5) The Urethra

Master the characteristics, location and the opening of female urethra (the male

urethra see the male reproductive organ)


(1) The composition and the function of the male reproductive system


① The shape, structures and the functions of testis

② The feature, the location and the functions of epididymis

③ The characteristics, the portions of ductus deferens and the portion of vasectomy,

the organization, location and the coverings of spermatic cord

④ The formation and the opening of ejaculatory duct

⑤ The locations, the opening of the seminal vesicles and the bulbourethral gland

⑥ The features and structures, the lobes, location and the relations of prostate

(3) The External Reproductive Organs

① The structural characteristics and the functions of scrotum, the descent course and

the covering of testis and its clinical importance, the tunica vaginalis of testis and the

cavity of tunica vaginalis

② The parts, the structural characteristics and the functions of penis

③ The prepuce of penis and the frenulum of the prepuce and their clinical meanings

④ The portions, curvatures, strictures and the functions of male urethra


(1) The parts, the composition of every parts, and the functions of the female

reproductive system


① The situation, features, fixed structures and constructions and the functions of

ovaries

② The situation, the opening and the portions of uterine tubes, the place where the

ligation of the uterine tube is performed, where the fertilization usually occurs

③ The feature, the parts, the position and relations of uterus, the structures of the

supports of uterus, the structures of the wall of uterus

④ The features, the neighbors, the position of the vagina, vaginal orifice and the

fornix of vagina

24

(3) The External Reproductive Organ

① The composition of the external genital organs of female

② The location and the place of the openings of external orifice of urethra, vaginal

orifice and orifice of greater vestibular glands

(4) The Mammae

The location, the features and the structures of mammae, the clinical important

(5) The Perineum

① The conception, limits and composition of perineum

② The limits and structures (layers of fasciae, muscles), transmitting contents of

urogenital and anal triangles

③ The parts and the functions of the levator ani, coccygeus and sphincter ani externus

7. The Peritoneum

(1) The general description: The peritoneum, the relation of the parietal peritoneum

and the viscera, the conception of peritoneal cavity

(2) The relationship and the clinical meaning between viscera and peritoneum:

categorized into 3 groups

(3) The positions and the forming structures of peritoneal reflections and their clinical

meanings

(4) The features and structures, locations, the portions, and the functions of lesser and

greater omenta, the features and structures, location, opening and the relations of

omental bursa

(5) The locations of peritoneal recesses and pouches, the locations of rectovesical and

rectouterine pouches and understand their clinical meanings, the locations of

hepatorenal recess

Practicals1. Introduction

The common reference lines of the thorax and the abdominal regions


(1) The position, composition, relations, important constrictions of the alimentary

canal: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine

(2) The action of the muscles of tongue, the mucous membrane and the papillae of

tongue , the situations, features, the opening of the salivary glands

(3) The characteristics of cecum and colon, the surface projection marking for the

appendicular base

25

(4) The feature, situation and relations of liver, the situation and the feature of the

gallbladder, the surface projection marking of the base of gallbladder, the

construction, opening and running course of biliary ducts, the feature, parts, situation

and relation of pancreas, the pancreatic duct opens into the major duodenal papilla


(1) The constructions and the functions of the respiratory system, the upper and lower

respirator system

(2) The features, constructions, functions, main characteristics of the nose, the

pharynx, the larynx, trachea and principle bronchi

(3) The situations, features, mucous and the openings of paranasal sinuses

(4) The situation, the cartilages and their joints of larynx, the names, situations and

their functions of the laryngeal muscles, the features and the portions of the larygeal

cavity

(5) The differences between the right and life principal bronchi

(6) The feature, situation of the lungs, the hilum and root of lungs

(7) The portions and the situations of pleurae, the pleural cavity and the recesses

(construction and situations)

(8) The projection of the inferior margins of lung and pleurae, the apex of lung and

the cupula of pleura

(9) The construction and the parts of mediastinum


(1) The features, the location and the relations of kidneys, the uterus, the urinary

bladder, the female urethra

(2) The structure, the coverings of kidneys, the 3 constrictions of the uterus

(3) The situation and clinical importance of the trigone of bladder


(1) The structure, position of testis

(2) The feature, the location and the functions of epididymis

(3) The characteristics, the portions of ductus deferens and the portion of vasectomy,

the formation and the opening of ejaculatory duct, the organization and the coverings

of spermatic cord

(4) The locations, the opening of the seminal vesicles and the bulbourethral glands

(5) The features and structures, the lobes, location and the relations of prostate

(6) The structural characteristics and the functions of scrotum, the structural

26

characteristics and the functions of penis

(7) The portions, curvatures, strictures and the functions of male urethra


(1) The situation, features and constructions and the functions of ovaries, uterine tube

and uterus, vagina

(2) The portions of uterine tubes, the place where the ligation of the uterine tube is

performed, where the fertilization usually occurs

(3) The structures of the supports of uterus

(4) The structures of the external genital organs of female, the place of the openings

of external orifice of urethra, vaginal orifice and orifice of greater vestibular glands

(5) The location, the features and the structures of mammae

(6) The conception, limits and parts of perineum, the limits and structures (layers of

fasciae, muscles) of urogenital and anal triangles

7. The Peritoneum

(1) The relationship between viscera and peritoneum, categorized into 3 groups

(2) The positions and the forming structures of peritoneal reflections, the features and

structures, locations, the portions, and the functions of lesser and greater omenta, the

features and structures, location, opening and the relations of omental bursa

(3) The locations of peritoneal recesses and pouches, the locations of rectovesical,

rectouterine pouches and hepatorenal recess

ANGIOLOGYOBJECTIVESKnowledgeAt the end of the course the student will be able to: 1. Introduction

Master the composition of the angiology. Understand the main function of the

angiology.

2. The Cardiovascular System


① Master the composition of the cardiovascular system. Master the functions of heart.

Master the route of the blood circulation (systemic and pulmonary circulation).

② Be familiar with the conception, the morphological structures and the functions of

27

artery, vein and capillary, and their general arrangement.

③ Understand the conceptions, functions of the vascular anastomosis, the collateral

circulation and the minor circulation.

(2) The Heart

① Master the location, external features of the heart and the morphological structure

of every cardiac chamber. Master the parts, openings (entrances, exit) and the valves

in the openings of right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle. Master

the organization and the function, structural characteristics of the tricuspid valve

complex and bicuspid valve complex. Master the structural characteristics of the

interatrial and interventricular septa. Master the locations, structural and functional

characteristics of the conductin system of the heart. Master the vessels of the heart

(include the origins, running courses, branches and their distributions). Master the

structural characteristics of the pericardium, the locations and the clinical meaning of

the transverse and oblique sinuses.

② Be familiar with the structures (the fibrous skeleton, wall and septum) of the heart.

③ Understand the body surface projection of the heart, the body surface projection

and the listening parts of the valves of the heart.

(3) The Arteries

① Master the courses of the pulmonary artery and the left and the right pulmonary

arteries. Master the origin and insertion, course, parts and their branches of the aorta.

Master the names and their distribution of external carotid artery, subclavian artery.

Master the names, the main course and their distribution of the subdivisions of

abdominal aorta. Master the main arteries of the upper and lower limb. Master the

compositions and the locations of the superficial palmar arch and the deep superficial

palmar arch. Master the place where the pulse can be palpable of the following

arteries: the common carotid artery, the superficial temporal artery, the subclavian

artery, the brachial artery, the radial artery, the facial artery, the femoral artery, the

dorsal artery of foot.

② Be familiar with the location of the arterial ligament. Understand the clinical

meaning when the arterial ligament is not close.

③ Understand the arteries of pelvis.

(4) The Veins

① Master the compositions, the courses and their tributaries of the superior vena cava

and the inferior vena cava, the brachiocephalic vein and the internal jugular vein.

28

Master the formation of venous angle. Master the structural characteristics and the

anastomosis of the facial vein. Master the communicating course of the extracranial

and intracranial veins. Master the names and courses of the superficial veins of upper

limb and lower limb. Master the organization, course and tributaries of the hepatic

portal vein. Master the anastomoses between the hepatic portal venous system and

vena cava system, and their clinical importance.

② Be familiar with the other veins of head and neck, thoracic wall and abdomen,

upper limb and lower limb.

③ Understand the structural characteristics of veins. Understand the structure of

several special veins (sinuses of dura mater, deploic vein, emissary vein).

3. The Lymphatic System


Understand the organization ， structural characteristics and functions of lymphatic

system.

(2) The Lymphatic Ducts

Master the origin, course and drainage of thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct.

(3) The Lymph Nodes and Lymphatic Drainage

① Master the distribution, receiving range and clinical meanings of main lymph node

groups of the head and neck, the subclavian lymph nodes and axillary lymph nodes.

Master the location, receiving range and clinical meanings of main lymph node

groups of the thoracic wall and thoracic cavity (e.g. mediastinal lymph nodes, the

lymph nodes of the trachea, bronchi and lungs, lumbar lymph nodes, superior

mesenteric lymph nodes, inferior mesenteric lymph nodes, celiac lymph nodes and

gastric lymph nodes. Master the distribution, receiving range and clinical meanings of

celiac lymph nodes and external iliac lymph nodes, superficial and deep inguinal

lymph nodes.

② Understand the formation and receiving range of jugular trunk, subclavian trunk,

bronchomediastinal trunk, lumbar trunk and intestinal trunk.

(4) The Lymph Organ

① Master the position, feature characteristics and the body surface projection of

spleen.

② Understand the position, feature characteristics and the functions of thymus.

Skills

29

At the end of the course the student will be able to:


(1) Master the location, external features and the cardiac chambers and their division

limits of the heart.

Master the entrance and exit, the valves in the openings of every chambers of the

heart. Master the organization and the function, structural characteristics of tricuspid

valve complex and bicuspid complex. Understand the structures (the fibrous skeleton,

wall and septum) of the heart. Master the locations, structural and functional

characteristics of the conduction system of the heart. Master the vessels of the heart

(the origins, running courses, branches and their distributions). Master the structural

characteristics of the pericardium, the locations of the transverse and oblique sinuses.

(2) The Arteries

① Master the origin of the pulmonary artery, the location of the arterial ligament.

② Master the parts and their branches of the aorta. Master the names, main branches,

main course of the external carotid artery, the subclavian artery, thoracic and

abdominal aorta. Master the blood supply of the thyroid gland, the stomach, the

suprarenal gland, the rectum. Master the main arteries of the upper and lower limb.

③ Master the place where the pulse can be palpable of the following arteries: the

common carotid artery, the superficial temporal artery, the subclavian artery, the

brachial artery, the radial artery, the facial artery, the femoral artery, the dorsal artery

of foot.

(3) The Veins

① Master the superior vena cava and its tributaries, the formation of venous angle.

Master the structural characteristics and the anastomosis of the facial vein. Master the

names and courses of the superficial veins of upper limb and lower limb. Master the

direct tributaries of the inferior vena cava.

② Master the organization and tributaries of the hepatic portal vein. Master the

anastomoses between the hepatic portal venous system and vena cava system.


(1) Master the origin, drainage of thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct. Master the

location of the following main lymph nodes: the submandibular, the supraclavicular,

the axillary lymph nodes (5 groups), the inguinal lymph nodes. Master the position,

feature characteristics and the functions of spleen.

(2) Understand the position, feature characteristics and the functions of thymus.

30

COURSE CONTENTTheory 1. Introduction

(1) Angiology includes the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system.

(2) The main function of angiology



① The composition of the cardiovascular system, the functions of heart

② The conception, the morphological structures and the functions of artery, vein and

capillary, and their general arrangement

③ The conceptions, functions of the vascular anastomosis, the collateral circulation

and the minor circulation

④ The route of the blood circulation (systemic and pulmonary circulation)

(2) The Heart

① The location, external features of the heart and the morphological structure of

every cardiac chamber, the parts, openings (entrances, exit) of right atrium, and the

structures in the interatrial septum, the parts, the entrance and exit, the valves in the

openings of right ventricle, the organization and the function, structural characteristics

of tricuspid valve complex, the openings (entrances, exit) of left atrium, the parts,

entrance and exit, the valves in the openings of left ventricle, the organization,

function, structural characteristics of the bicuspid valve complex

② The structures (the fibrous skeleton, wall and septum) of the heart, the structural

characteristics of the interatrial and interventricular septa

③ The locations, structural and functional characteristics of the conductin system of

the heart, the vessels of the heart (include the origins, running courses, branches and

their distributions)

④ The structural characteristics of the pericardium, the locations and the clinical

meaning of the transverse and oblique sinuses

⑤ The body surface projection of the heart, the body surface projection, the listening

parts of the valves of the heart

(3) The Arteries

① The courses of the pulmonary artery, the left and the right pulmonary arteries, the

location of the arterial ligament, the clinical meaning when the arterial ligament is not

close

31

② The origin and insertion, course, parts and their branches of the aorta

③ The names and their main course of the branches of external carotid artery

④ The branches and their distribution of the subclavian artery and the main arteries of

the upper limb, the compositions and the locations of the superficial palmar arch and

the deep superficial palmar arch

⑤ The names, the main course and their distribution of the subdivisions of abdominal

aorta, the arteries of pelvis, the main arteries of the lower limb

⑥ The place where the pulse can be palpable of the following arteries: the common

carotid artery, the superficial temporal artery, the subclavian artery, the brachial artery,

the radial artery, the facial artery, the femoral artery, the dorsal artery of foot

(4) The Veins

① The structural characteristics of veins, the structure of several special veins

(sinuses of dura mater, deploic vein, emissary vein)

② The compositions, the courses and their tributaries of the superior vena cava and

the brachiocephalic vein, the formation of venous angle, the origin and insertion, the

course and collection of the internal jugular vein, the structural characteristics and the

anastomosis of the facial vein, the communicating course of the extracranial and

intracranial veins, the names and courses of the superficial veins of upper limb, the

other veins of head and neck, thoracic wall and upper limb

③ The courses of the superficial vein (greater saphenous vein and its tributaries) of

lower limb, the other veins of abdomen and lower limb, the direct tributaries of the

inferior vena cava

④ The organization, course and tributaries of the hepatic portal vein, the anastomoses

between the hepatic portal venous system and vena cava system, and their clinical

importance



The organization，structural characteristics and functions of lymphatic system.

(2) The Lymphatic Ducts

The origin, course and drainage of thoracic duct, the composition, opening part and

drainage of right lymphatic duct

(3) The Lymph Nodes and Lymphatic Drainage

① The distribution of main lymph node groups of the head and neck, efferent and

32

afferent of every lymph node groups, the formation and receiving range of jugular

trunk

② The distribution, receiving range and clinical meanings of main lymph node groups

of the subclavian lymph nodes and axillary lymph nodes, the formation and receiving

range of subclavian trunk

③ The location, receiving range and clinical meanings of main lymph node groups of

the thoracic wall and thoracic cavity (e.g. mediastinal lymph nodes, the lymph nodes

of the trachea, bronchi and lungs, the formation and receiving range of

bronchomediastinal trunk

④ The location and receiving range of lumbar lymph nodes, superior mesenteric

lymph nodes, inferior mesenteric lymph nodes, the distribution, receiving range and

clinical meanings of celiac lymph nodes and gastric lymph nodes, the formation and

receiving range of lumbar trunk and intestinal trunk

⑤ The distribution, receiving range and clinical meanings of celiac lymph nodes and

external iliac lymph nodes

⑥ The distribution, receiving range of superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes

(4) The Spleen

The position, feature characteristics and the body surface projection of spleen, the

position, feature characteristics of thymus

Practicals1. The Cardiovascular System

(1) Heart

① The location, external features and the cardiac chambers and their division limits of

the heart, the entrance and exit, the valves in the openings of every chambers of the

heart, the organization and the function, structural characteristics of tricuspid valve

complex and bicuspid complex, the structures (the fibrous skeleton, wall and septum)

of the heart

② The locations, structural and functional characteristics of the conductin system of

the heart, the vessels of the heart (the origins, running courses, branches and their

distributions)

③ The structural characteristics of the pericardium, the locations of the transverse and

oblique sinuses

(2) The Arteries

① The origin of the pulmonary artery, the location of the arterial ligament

33

② The parts and their branches of the aorta, the names, main branches, main course of

the external carotid artery, the subclavian artery, thoracic and abdominal aorta, the

blood supply of the thyroid gland, the stomach, the suprarenal gland, the rectum, the

main arteries of the upper and lower limb

③ The place where the pulse can be palpable of the following arteries: the common

carotid artery, the superficial temporal artery, the subclavian artery, the brachial artery,

the radial artery, the facial artery, the femoral artery, the dorsal artery of foot

(3) The Veins

① The superior vena cava and its tributaries, the formation of venous angle, the

structural characteristics and the anastomosis of the facial vein, the names and courses

of the superficial veins of upper limb

② The direct tributaries of the inferior vena cava, the names and courses of the

superficial veins of lower limb

③ The organization and tributaries of the hepatic portal vein, the anastomoses

between the hepatic portal venous system and vena cava system


(1) The origin, drainage of thoracic duct, the drainage of right lymphatic duct

(2) The location of the following main lymph nodes: the submandibular, the

supraclavicular, the axillary lymph nodes (5 groups), the inguinal lymph nodes

(3) The position, feature characteristics and the functions of spleen, the position,

feature characteristics of thymus

THE SENSORY ORGANSOBJECTIVESKnowledgeAt the end of the course the student will be able to: 1. General Description

(1) Understand the conception, composition and the functions of the sensory organs.

(2) Master the conception and the classification of the receptor.

2. The Visual Organ

(1) Master the structural characteristics and the functions of the walls of eyeball and

the contents of the eyeball. Master the circulation of the aqueous humor. Master the

structure of the fundus of the eye as seen through ophthalmoscope and their clinical

34

importance. Master the origins and insertions, the functions of the extraocular muscles

and their nervous distribution.

(2) Be familiar with the location, shape, structural characteristics and the functions of

the accessory organs of eye, the composition of the lacrimal apparatus and the

drainage of the lacrimal fluid. Be familiar with the origin, course, branches and

distribution of the central artery of retina and the structural characteristics and the

drainage of the veins of eye.

(3) Understand the structures and the functions of the adipose body of orbit, the fascia

of the eyeball, the episcleral space of the connective tissue in the orbit. Understand the

origin, course and branches, distribution of ophthalmic artery.

3. The Vestibulocochlear Organ

Understand the parts of the vestibulocochlear organ.

(1) External Ear

Understand the composition of the external ear. Understand the features, structures

and parts of the auricle, the external acoustic meatus.

(2) Middle Ear

① Master the composition of the middle ear. Master the names of the 6 walls, the

structures in the walls, and the neighbors of the tympanic cavity and their clinical

meaning. Master the structural characteristics and the openings of the auditory tube

and its clinical importance. Master the characteristics of the auditory tube in child.

Master the structural characteristics of the mastoid antrum and cells and their clinical

importance.

② Be familiar with names, joints and actions of the 3 auditary ossicles.

(3) Internal Ear

① Master the portions, features and structures, and the functions of the bony and

membranous labyrinths. Master the shape and the functions of the maculae of the

saccule and utricle, ampullary crests, the spiral organ.

② Understand the shape of the internal acoustic meatus. Understand the openings of

the fundus of internal acoustic meatus.

(4) Understand the blood vessels, lymph and nerves (distribution, drainage) of ear.

Understand the 2 routes and the courses of the conduction of sound.

4. Other Sensory Organs

Understand the location and structure of the olfactory organ and the gustatory organ.

Understand the general introduction and the function of the skin.

35


1. The Visual Organ

(1) Master the structural characteristics and the functions of the walls of eyeball and

the contents of the eyeball. Master the circulation of the aqueous humor.

(2) Master the structural characteristics and the functions of the accessory organs of

eye, the composition of the lacrimal apparatus and the drainage of the lacrimal fluid.

(3) Master the origins and insertions, the functions of the extraocular muscles.


(1) Understand the composition of the external ear. Understand the features and

structures of the auricle, the external acoustic meatus.

(2) Master the composition of the middle ear. Master the names of the 6 walls, the

structures in the walls, and the neighbors of the tympanic cavity. Understand the 3

auditary ossicles (name, joints). Master the structural characteristics and the openings

of the auditory tube and the mastoid antrum.

(3) Master the portions, features and structures, and the functions of the bony and

membranous labyrinths. Understand the 2 routes and the courses of the conduction of

sound.

COURSE CONTENTTheory 1. General Description

The conception, composition and the functions of the sensory organs, the conception

and the classification of the receptor

2. The Visual Organ

(1) The structural characteristics and the functions of the walls of eyeball and the

contents of the eyeball, the circulation of the aqueous humor, the structure of the

fundus of the eye as seen through ophthalmoscope and their clinical importance

(2) The location, shape, structural characteristics and the functions of the accessory

organs of eye, the composition of the lacrimal apparatus and the drainage of the

lacrimal fluid, the origins and insertions, the functions of the extraocular muscles and

their nervous distribution, the structures and the functions of the adipose body of

orbit, the fascia of the eyeball, the episcleral space of the connective tissue in the orbit

(3) The origin, course, branches and distribution of the central artery of retina, the

origin, course and branches, distribution of ophthalmic artery, the structural

36

characteristics and the drainage of the veins of eye


(1) The parts of the vestibulocochlear organ, the composition of the external ear, the

features, structures and parts of the auricle, the external acoustic meatus

(2) The composition of the middle ear, the names of the 6 walls, the structures in the

walls, and the neighbors of the tympanic cavity and their clinical meaning, names,

joints and actions of the 3 auditary ossicles, the structural characteristics and the

openings of the auditory tube and its clinical importance, the characteristics of the

auditory tube in child, the structural characteristics of the mastoid antrum and cells

and their clinical importance

(3) The portions, features and structures, and the functions of the bony and

membranous labyrinths, the shape and the functions of the maculae of the saccule and

utricle, ampullary crests, the spiral organ, the shape of the internal acoustic meatus

and the openings of the fundus of internal acoustic meatus

(4) The blood vessels, lymph and nerves (distribution, drainage) of ear, the 2 routes

and the courses of the conduction of sound

4. Other Sensory Organs

The location and structure of the olfactory organ and the gustatory organ, the general

introduction and the function of the skin

Practicals1. The Visual Organ

(1)The structural characteristics and the functions of the walls of eyeball and the

contents of the eyeball, the circulation of the aqueous humor

(2)The structural characteristics and the functions of the accessory organs of eye, the

composition of the lacrimal apparatus and the drainage of the lacrimal fluid

(3)The origins and insertions, the functions of the extraocular muscles


(1) The composition of the external ear, the features and structures of the auricle, the

external acoustic meatus

(2) The composition of the middle ear, the names of the 6 walls, the structures in the

walls, and the neighbors of the tympanic cavity, the 3 auditary ossicles (name, joints),

the structural characteristics and the openings of the auditory tube and the mastoid

antrum

(3) Master the portions, features and structures, and the functions of the bony and

37

membranous labyrinths

(4) The 2 routes and the courses of the conduction of sound

THE NERVOUS SYSTEMOBJECTIVESKnowledgeAt the end of the course the student will be able to:

1. The General Description

(1) Master the composition and the distinction of nervous system. Master the

structures and the functions of the neuron and the neuroglia. Master the classification

of the neuron. Master the neuroanatomical terms in common usage.

(2) Be familiar with the functions of nervous system.

(3) Understand the method of action and the development characteristics of nervous

system. Understand the neuroanatomical study method.

2. The Central Nervous System

(1) The Spinal Cord

① Master the location, enlargements and features of spinal cord. Master the feature

and functions of gray matter (3 horns). Master the locations and functions of main

nuclei in the 3 horns and the α, г cells and the Renshaw cells. Master the parts of

white matter and the location, origin and insertion, functions, function lost after

injuries of the following main tracts: the fasciculus gracilis, fasciculus cuneatus,

spinothalamic tract, corticospinal tracts. Master the main functions of spinal cord and

the phenomena of the lesions of spinal cord.

② Be familiar with location and functions of other tracts: anterior and the posterior

spinocerebellar tracts, tectospinal tract, rubrospinal tract, vestibulospinal tract and

reticulospinal tract.

③ Understand the relation of segments of spinal cord and the spinal nerves, the

relationship between spinal cord segments and vertebra. Understand the relation of the

laminas and the nuclei. Understand the conceptions and functions of spinal reflexes.

Understand the location and function meaning of the fasciculus proprius of the spinal

cord.

(2) The Brain

① Master the parts and the border of every brain, the conception of the brain stem.

38

② The Brain Stem

Master the features of the brain stem and the places where the last 10 pairs of cranial

nerves attach to the brain stem and the relation between the crus cerebri, basilar part

of pons and the pyramid with the nerves. Master the locations, functions and the

joining cranial nerves of the nuclei of cranial nerves. Master the locations and

functions of main non-cranial nerve nuclei. Master the running courses of pyramidal

tract and the relations between this tract and the oculomotor, abducent and

hypoglossal nerves. Master the phenomena of lesions of above structures. Master the

locations, running courses and functions of the long ascending and descending tracts

and the phenomena of lesions of these tracts. Master the phenomena and courses of

lesions of different places of brain stem.

Be familiar with the locations and morphological features of gray matter. Be familiar

with the locations and functions of other tracts.

Understand the locations and functions of reticular formation and main nuclei.

Understand the main structures of the transverse sections of brain stem.

③ The Cerebellum

Master the location, features, lobes, 3 pairs of peduncles and 4 pairs of nuclei of

cerebellum. Master the functional localizations and their fiber joining of cerebellum.

Understand the structural characteristics of the cells of cerebelar contex. Understand

the functions and the phenomena of lesions of cerebellum.

④ The Diencephalon

Master the location and portions of diencephalons. Master the locations and functions

of medial and lateral geniculate bodies. Master the locations, functions and the joining

fibers of the specific thalamic nuclei. Master the location, portions and main nuclei

and functions of hypothalamus. Master the relations of the thalamus with the pituitary

gland (the fibers and pituitary portal vein).

Be familiar with the locations and structures of epithalamus and subthalamus, and the

location and functions of pineal body.

Understand names, joining fibers of the nonspecific thalamic nuclei.

⑤ The Telencephalon

Master the main sulci and gyri, lobes and the locations of the hemisphere. Master the

structural and functional characteristics of the first somatic sensory area, the first

somatic motor area, the visual area, the auditory area and the language areas. Master

the location, shape and portions, choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle. Master the

39

locations, organization, fiber connections and functions the basic nuclei. Master the

location, portions and the through fibers of the internal capsule and the phenomena of

lesions of the internal capsule.

Be familiar with the conception, organization and the functions of the limbic system

and their clinical meanings. Be familiar with the 3 kinds of fibers of the medullary

matter: The association fibers, the commissural fibers and the projection fibers.

Understand the rhinencephalon. Understand the history of the cerebral cortex.

3. The Peripheral Nervous System

(1) The General Discription

① Master the organization of the peripheral nervous system, the conceptions and

structures of the ganglia and nerves.

② Understand the blood supply and the lymph drainage of the peripheral nerves.

(2) The Spinal Nerves

① Master the construction and the fibrous composition of spinal nerves, and the

branches of each spinal nerve. Understand the distribution of the posterior branch of

the spinal nerve.

② Master the organizations, locations, the main branches and their distributions of the

nervous plexuses (the cervical, brachial, lumbar and sacral).

③ Master the running courses, main branches, distributions and the main phenomena

of lesions of the following nerves: phrenic nerve, long thoracic nerve, thoracodorsal

nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve, axillary

nerve, femoral nerve, obturator nerve and sciatic nerve.

④ Master the course, distribution anterior branches of the thoracic nerves and the

segmental distribution of the cutaneous branch of anterior branches of the thoracic

nerves on the anterior surface of the thoracic and abdominal walls.

(3) The Cranial Nerves

① Master the names, orders, connection parts of the brain, the places where the

nerves enter or leave the skull. Understand the fibrous compositions and relative

ganglia of the crania nerves.

② Master the origin and insertion, running course and clinical importance of olfactory

nerve and optic nerve.

③ Master the fibrous composition, running course, and the distribution of and the

phenomena of lesion of oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, abducent nerve, facial

nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve. Master the

40

fibrous composition and their running courses, general distributions and clinical

importance of trigeminal nerve main branches. Master the sensory distributing regions

of the 3 branches of trigeminal nerve in the head and neck. Master the fibrous

compositions, running courses, branches and their distributions, the phenomena of

lesions of and the running course and functions of chorda tempani. Master the running

course and functions of vestibulocochlear nerve.

④ Master the fibrous compositons, running courses and tribute to viscera of vagus

nerve, and the running courses and distributions of the superior laryngeal nerve and

recurrent laryngeal nerve. Master the phenomena of lesions of superior and recurrent

laryngeal nerves. Master the branches and their distributions of anterior and posterior

trunk of the vagus nerves in the abdominal cavity.

⑤ Be familiar with the location and character of the pterygopalatine ganglion and the

submandibular ganglion, the otic ganglion.

⑥ Understand the distribution of the cardiac branches, broncheal branches,

esophageal branches.

(4) The Visceral Nervous System

① Master the organizations, distributions, and structural functional characteristics of

visceral nerves. Master the locations of lower center, ganglia of sympathetic nerves

and parasympathetic nerves. Master the communicating branches and their running

ways of sympathetic nerves. Master the distributional and functional characteristics of

parasympathetic nerves. Master the main differences between parasympathetic and

sympathetic nerves.

② Be familiar with the portions, structural and functional characteristics of

sympathetic nerves. Be familiar with the locations, the sources of fibers, and

distributions of main visceral plexuses (the cardiac, pulmonary, celiac, abdominal

aortic, hypogastric plexuses).

③ Understand the main differences between the visceral and somatic motor nerves.

Understand the structural and functional characteristics of visceral sensory nerves.

Understand the conception, clinical importance and the anatomical bases of the

related (referred) pain of viscera. Understand the nervous supplies of main organs

(eye, heart, lung and branchi, gastointestine tract, urinary bladder and vessels).

4. The Nervous Pathways

(1) Master the basic conception of the nervous pathway.

(2) The Sensory (Ascending) Pathways

41

① Master the origin and insertion, organization, the locations of cell bodies of every

order neurons and fasciculus, segment of the fibers decussation, functional

localization of the cerebral cortex, and the phenomena after lesions of the following

sensory pathways: The conscious deep sensory and fine touch pathway of trunk and

limbs, the superficial sensory pathways concerned with pain and thermal sensations,

the visual pathway and the pathway of papillary reflexes. Master changes of the visual

fields after lesions of different parts in visual pathway.

② Understand the unconscious deep sensory pathway, the rude tactile and pressure

sensation pathway, the acoustic (auditory) pathway, and the equilibratory pathway,

and the visceral sensory pathways (taste, olfactory).Understand the project

localization relationship between retina and lateral geniculate body, retina and visual

cortex.

(3) The Motor (Descending) Pathways

① Master the basic circumstance of upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons of

skeleton muscles. Master the organization, origin and insertion, running courses, the

locations through the internal capsule and different parts of the brain stem,

decussation part, distribution, structural and functional characteristics of the

pyramidal system (corticonuclear, corticospinal tracts). Attention control by both side

and opposite side. Master the phenomena of lesions of upper motor neurons and lower

motor neurons.

② Understand the conception of both side governments of the muscles of the trunk.

Understand the conception, names, main functions and the phenomena of lesions of

the extrapyramidal system. Understand the fiber connections and functions of the

extrapyramidal system. Understand the nervous pathway of the cerebellum.

5. The Meninges and Blood Vessels of Brain and Spinal Cord, and the Cerebrospinal

Fluid

(1) The Meninges of Brain and Spinal Cord

① Master 3 meninges of brain and spinal cord. Master the location, structural and

functional characteristics of the epidural space, and the location and contents of

terminal cisterna. Master the structural characteristics, the septa and venous sinuses of

cerebral dura mater. Master the names, locations and communications of main venous

sinuses and their clinical meaning.

② Be familiar with the locations of main subarachnoid cisterns: the cerebromedullary

interpeduncular, the pontine cistern and the terminal cistern. Understand their clinical

42

meanings.

③ Understand the epidural space clinical meaning (relation with the lumber

anaesthesia, epidural anaesthesia). Understand the structural and functional

characteristics of arachnoid and pia mater.

(2) Blood Vessels of Brain and Spinal Cord

① Master the sources, running courses, branches, supplying, structural and functional

characteristics of arteries of brain and spinal cord. Master the constructions and

functions of the cerebral arterial circle (Willis’s circle). Master the running course,

branches and their distributions of middle cerebral artery and basilar artery, and the

clinical importance.

② Understand the names, drainages of the veins of brain and spinal cord.

(3) The Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and its circulation

① Master the production and the circulation of CSF.

② Understand the function of CSF.

(4) The Brain Barriers

Understand the conception, parts, and their clinical importance of brain barriers.



(1) The Spinal Cord

① Master the location and enlargements of spinal cord. Master the constructions of

the conus medullaris and the cauda equina. Master the feature and functions of gray

matter (3 horns).

② Master the parts of white matter and the following main tracts (location, origin and

insertion, decussation parts, functions): fasciculus gracilis, fasciculus cuneatus,

spinothalamic tract, corticospinal tracts.

③ Understand the relation of segments of spinal cord and the spinal nerves, the

relationship between spinal cord segments and vertebral bodies.

(2) The Brain Stem

① Master the places where the last 10 pairs of cranial nerves attach to the brain stem

and the relation between the crus cerebri, basilar part of pons and the pyramid with

the nerves. Master the features and structures of superior and inferior colliculi,

rhomboid fossa and the location of 4th ventricle. Master the locations, functions and

the joining cranial nerves of the nuclei of cranial nerves. Master the locations and

43

functions of main non-cranial nerve nuclei.

② Master the running courses of pyramidal tract and the relations between this tract

and the oculomotor, abducent and hypoglossal nerves. Master the phenomena of

leisions of above structures. Master the locations, running courses and functions of the

long ascending and descending tracts.

③ Be familiar with the locations and features of gray matter.

④ Understand the locations and functions of reticular formation and main nuclei.

Understand the main structures of the transverse sections of brain stem.

(3) The Cerebellum

① Master the location, features, lobes, 3 pairs of peduncles and 4 pairs of nuclei of

cerebellum.

② Master the functional localizations and their fiber joining of cerebellum.

(4) The Diencephalon

① Master the location and portions of diencephalons. Master the locations and

functions of medial and lateral geniculate bodies. Master the locations, functions and

the joining fibers of the specific thalamic nuclei. Master the portions and main nuclei

and functions of hypothalamus. Master the relations of the thalamus with the pituitary

gland (the fibers and pituitary portal vein).

② Understand the locations and structures of epithalamus and subthalamus, and the

location and functions of pineal body.

(5) The Telencephalon

① Master the external features of the hemisphere: the main sulci of fissures, gyri,

lobes, and the functional localizations. Master the structural and functional

characteristics of the first somatic sensory area, the first somatic motor area, the visual

area, the auditory area and the language areas.

② Master the location and portions of the lateral ventricle. Master the basic nuclei:

organization and functions. Master the location, portions and the through fibers of the

internal capsule and the phenomena of leisions of the internal capsule.

③ Be familiar with the 3 kinds of fibers of the medullary matter: The association

fibers, the commissural fibers and the projection fibers.

④ Understand the conception, organization and the functions of the limbic system.


(1)The Spinal Nerves

① Master the construction and the fibrous composition of spinal nerves, and the

44

branches of each spinal nerve.

② Master the organizations, locations, the main branches and their distributions of the

nervous plexuses (the cervical, brachial, lumbar and sacra) and the thoracic nerves.

③ Master the running courses, main branches, distributions and the clinical

importance of the following nerves: phrenic nerve, long thoracic nerve, median nerve,

ulnar nerve, radial nerve, axillary nerve, femoral nerve, obturator nerve and sciatic

nerve.

④ Understand the anatomical bases of localizationgs of nervous leisions, and the

segmental nervous distributions of the clinical common usuage.

(2)The Cranial Nerves

① Master the places where the nerves enter or leave the skull. Master the origin and

insertion, running course, distribution and clinical importance of 12 pair cranial

nerves.

② Master the fibrous composition, branches and their running courses, distributions ,

the phenomena of leisions and clinical importance of trigeminal nerve and facial

nerve. Master the running course and function of chorda tempani. Master the running

courses and distributions, the phenomena of leisions of the superior laryngeal nerve

and recurrent laryngeal nerve.

③ Understand the fibrous compositions and relative ganglia of the crania nerves.

(3)The Visceral Nevous System

① Master the organizations, distributions, and structural and functional characteristics

of visceral nerves. Master the locations of lower center, paravertebral and prevertebral

ganglia, communicating branches and their running ways of sympathetic nerves.

Master the locations of lower center, ganglia, distributional and functional

characteristics of parasympathetic nerves.

② Be familiar with the portions, structural and functional characteristics of

sympathetic nerves.

③ Understand the differences between the visceral and somatic motor nerves.

Understand the main differences between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves.


(1)The Sensory (Ascending) Pathways

① Master the origin and insertion, organization, running courses, structural and

functional characteristics, and the phenomena of leisions of the following sensory

pathways: the conscicous deep sensory and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs, the

45

superficial sensory pathways concerned with pain and thermal sensations of trunk and

limbs, and of head and face.

② Master the organization, running courses, structural and functional characteristics

and the phenomena of leisions of the visual pathway and papillary reflexes.

(2)The Motor (Descending) Pathways

Master the organization, origin and insertion, running courses, distribution, structural

and functional characteristics and the phenomena of leisions of the pyramidal system

(corticonuclear, corticospinal tracts).


Fluid


① Master 3 meninges of brain and spinal cord. Master the location, structural and

functional characteristics of the epidural space, and the location and contents of

terminal cisterna. Understand their clinical meaning (relation with the lumber

anaesthesia, epidural anaesthesia). Master the structural characteristics, the septa and

venous sinuses of cerebral dura mater. Master the names, locations and

communications of main venous sinuses and their clinical meaning. Master the

location of cavernous sinus, the structure which run through the cavernous sinus, and

the communications with extracranial veins and the clinical importance of cavernous

sinus.

② Understand the structural and functional characteristics of arachnoid and pia mater.

Master the locations of main subarachnoid cisterns: The cerebromedullary

interpeduncular, the pontine cistern and the terminal cistern. Understand their clinical

meanings.


① Master the sources, running courses, branches and their supplying, structural and

functional characteristics of arteries of brain and spinal cord (the vertebral artery,

internal carotid artery and the arteries of spinal cord).

② Master the constructions and functions of the cerebral arterial circle (Willis’s

circle). Master the running course, branches and their distributions of middle cerebral

artery and basilar artery, and the clinical importance.

③ Understand the names, drainages of the veins of brain and spinal cord.


Master the production and the circulation of CSF. Understand the function of CSF.

46


Understand the conception, parts, and their clinical importance of brain barriers.

COURSE CONTENTTheory 1. The General Description

(1) The composition and the distinction of nervous system

(2) The functions of nervous system

(3) The method of action and the development characteristics of nervous system

(4) The structures and the functions of the neuron and the neuroglia, the classification

of the neuron

(5) The neuroanatomical terms in common usage, the neuroanatomical study method


(1) The Spinal Cord

① The location, enlargements and features of spinal cord, the relation of segments of

spinal cord and the spinal nerves, the relationship between spinal cord segments and

vertebra, the constructions of the conus medullaris and the cauda equina

② The feature and functions of gray matter (3 horns), the locations and functions of

main nuclei in the 3 horns and the α, г cells and the Renshaw cells, the relation of the

laminas and the nuclei

③ The parts of white matter and the location, origin and insertion, functions, function

lost after injuries of the following main tracts: the fasciculus gracilis, fasciculus

cuneatus, spinothalamic tract, corticospinal tracts

④ Location and functions of other tracts: anterior and the posterior spinocerebellar

tracts, tectospinal tract, rubrospinal tract, vestibulospinal tract and reticulospinal tract

⑤ The conceptions and functions of spinal reflexes, the location and function

meaning of the fasciculus proprius of the spinal cord, the main functions of spinal

cord and the phenomena of the lesions of spinal cord

(2) The Brain

① The parts and the border of every brain, the conception of the brain stem

② The Brain Stem

The bordary of three parts of the brain stem, the places where the last 10 pairs of

cranial nerves attach to the brain stem and the relation between the crus cerebri,

basilar part of pons and the pyramid with the nerves, the features and structures of

superior and inferior colliculi, rhomboid fossa and the location, feature of 4 th

47

ventricle, the locations and morphological features of gray matter, the locations and

functions of reticular formation and main nuclei, the locations, functions and the

joining cranial nerves of the nuclei of cranial nerves, the locations and functions of

main non-cranial nerve nuclei, the running courses of pyramidal tract and the relations

between this tract and the oculomotor, abducent and hypoglossal nerves, the

phenomena of lesions of above structures, the locations, running courses and

functions of the long ascending and descending tracts and the phenomena of lesions

of these tracts, the locations and functions of other tracts, the phenomena and courses

of lesions of different places of brain stem, the main structures of the transverse

sections of brain stem

③ The Cerebellum

The location, features, lobes, 3 pairs of peduncles and 4 pairs of nuclei of cerebellum,

the functional localizations and their fiber joining of cerebellum, the structural

characteristics of the cells of cerebelar contex. The functions and the phenomena of

lesions of cerebellum

④ The Diencephalon

The location and portions of diencephalons, the locations and structures of

epithalamus and subthalamus, and the location and functions of pineal body, the

locations and functions of medial and lateral geniculate bodies, the locations,

functions and the joining fibers of the specific thalamic nuclei, names, joining fibers

of the nonspecific thalamic nuclei, the location, portions and main nuclei and

functions of hypothalamus, the relations of the thalamus with the pituitary gland (the

fibers and pituitary portal vein)

⑤ The Telencephalon

The main grooves, lobes and the locations of main sulci and gyri of every lobe of the

hemisphere, the rhinencephalon, the history of the cerebral cortex, the conception,

organization and the functions of the limbic system, the structural and functional

characteristics of the first somatic sensory area, the first somatic motor area, the visual

area, the auditory area and the language areas and their clinical meanings, the

location, shape and portions, choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle, the locations,

organization, fiber connections and functions the basic nuclei, the 3 kinds of fibers of

the medullary matter: the association fibers, the commissural fibers and the projection

fibers, the location, portions and the through fibers of the internal capsule and the

phenomena of lesions of the internal capsule

48


(1) The General Discription

① The organization of the peripheral nervous system, the conceptions and structures

of the ganglia and nerves

② The blood supply and the lymph drainage of the peripheral nerves

(2) The Spinal Nerves

① The construction and the fibrous composition of spinal nerves, and the branches of

each spinal nerve, the distribution of the posterior branch of the spinal nerve

② The organizations, locations, the main branches and their distributions of the

nervous plexuses (the cervical, brachial, lumbar and sacral)

③ The running courses, main branches, distributions and the main phenomena of

lesions of the following nerves: phrenic nerve, long thoracic nerve, thoracodorsal

nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve, axillary

nerve, femoral nerve, obturator nerve and sciatic nerve

④ The course, distribution anterior branches of the thoracic nerves and the segmental

distribution of the cutaneous branch of anterior branches of the thoracic nerves on the

anterior surface of the thoracic and abdominal walls

(3) The Cranial Nerves

① The names, orders, connection parts of the brain, passage of the skull, the fibrous

compositions and relative ganglia of the crania nerves, the places where the nerves

enter or leave the skull

② The origin and insertion, running course and clinical importance of olfactory nerve,

the formation, running course, the relation between its coverings and meninges, and

clinical importance of optic nerve, the fibrous composition, running course,

distribution and the phenomena of lesion of oculomotor nerve, the fibrous

compositions, running course and distribution of trochlear nerve and abducent nerve

③ The fibrous composition and their running courses, general distributions and

clinical importance of trigeminal nerve main branches, the sensory distributing

regions of the 3 branches of trigeminal nerve in the head and neck, the main branches

of the ophthalmic nerve (frontal nerve, nasociliary nerve, lacrimal nerve) and their

distribution, the course of the main trunk and the distribution of the maxillary nerve

(continuous infraorbital nerve), the course of the main trunk and the branches of the

mandibular nerve (auriculotemporal nerve, lingual nerve, inferior alveolar nerve,

buccal nerve,the nerve of masticatory muscles) and distribution of the motor and

49

sensory fibers

④ The fibrous compositions, running courses, branches and their distributions, the

phenomena of lesions of facial nerve and the running course and functions of chorda

tempani, the location and character of the pterygopalatine ganglion and the

submandibular ganglion, the running course and functions of vestibulocochlear nerve,

the fibrous compositions, main branches and their distributions and functions, the

main phenomena of after lesions of glossopharyngeal nerve, the location and

character of the otic ganglion

⑤ The fibrous compositons, running courses and tribute to viscera of vagus nerve,

and the running courses and distributions of the superior laryngeal nerve and recurrent

laryngeal nerve, the phenomena of lesions of superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves,

the distribution of the cardiac branches, broncheal branches, esophageal branches, the

branches and their distributions of anterior and posterior trunk of the vagus nerves in

the abdominal cavity

⑥ The organizations, running courses, distributions and phenomena of lesions of

accessory nerve and hypoglossal nerve

(4) The Visceral Nervous System

① The organizations, distributions, and structural functional characteristics of visceral

nerves, the main differences between the visceral and somatic motor nerves

② The locations of lower center, paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia,

communicating branches and their running ways of sympathetic nerves, the portions,

structural and functional characteristics of sympathetic nerves, the locations of lower

center, ganglia, distributional and functional characteristics of parasympathetic

nerves, the main differences between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves

③ The locations, the sources of fibers, and distributions of main visceral plexuses (the

cardiac, pulmonary, celiac, abdominal aortic, hypogastric plexuses), the nervous

supplies of main organs (eye, heart, lung and branchi, gastointestine tract, urinary

bladder and vessels)

④ The structural and functional characteristics of visceral sensory nerves, the

conception, clinical importance and the anatomical bases of the related (referred) pain

of viscera


(1) The Basic Conception of Nervous Pathway


50

① The conceptions, classification of sensory pathways

② The origin and insertion, organization, the locations of cell bodies of every order

neurons and fasciculus, segment of the fibers decussation, functional localization of

the cerebral cortex, and the phenomena after lesions of the following sensory

pathways: the conscious deep sensory and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs, the

superficial sensory pathways concerned with pain and thermal sensations of trunk and

limbs, and of head and face

③ The organization, the locations of cell bodies of every order neurons, fibers partly

decussation (optic chiasma), locations through the internal capsule, functional

localization of the cerebral cortex, the project localization relationship between retina

and lateral geniculate body, retina and visual cortex, changes of the visual fields after

lesions of different parts in visual pathway, the pathway of papillary reflexes

④ The unconscious deep sensory pathway, the rude tactile and pressure sensation

pathway, the acoustic (auditory) pathway, and the equilibratory pathway, and the

visceral sensory pathways (taste, olfactory)

(3) The Motor (Descending) Pathways

① The basic circumstance of upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons of

skeleton muscles, the organization, origin and insertion, running courses, the locations

through the internal capsule and different parts of the brain stem, decussation part,

distribution, structural and functional characteristics of the pyramidal system

(corticonuclear, corticospinal tracts), attention control by both side and opposite side,

the conception of both side governments of the muscles of the trunk, the phenomena

of lesions of upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons

② The conception, names, main functions and the phenomena of lesions of the

extrapyramidal system, the fiber connections and functions of the extrapyramidal

system, the nervous pathway of the cerebellum


Fluid


① 3 meninges of brain and spinal cord, the location, structural and functional

characteristics of the epidural space, and the location and contents of terminal cisterna

and their clinical meaning (relation with the lumber anaesthesia, epidural anaesthesia)

② The structural characteristics, the septa and venous sinuses of cerebral dura mater,

the names, locations and communications of main venous sinuses and their clinical

51

meaning, the location of cavernous sinus, the structure which run through the

cavernous sinus, and the communications with extracranial veins and the clinical

importance of cavernous sinus

③ The structural and functional characteristics of arachnoid and pia mater

④ The locations of main subarachnoid cisterns: the cerebromedullary interpeduncular,

the pontine cistern and the terminal cistern, their clinical meanings


① The sources, running courses, branches and their supplying of arteries of brain and

spinal cord (the vertebral artery, internal carotid artery and the arteries of spinal cord)

② The structural and functional characteristics of the arteries of brain and spinal cord

③ The constructions and functions of the cerebral arterial circle (Willis’s circle)

④ The running course, branches and their distributions of middle cerebral artery and

basilar artery, and the clinical importance

⑤ The names, drainages of the veins of brain and spinal cord


① The production and the circulation of CSF

② The function of CSF


The conception, parts, and their clinical importance of brain barriers

Practicals1. The Central Nervous System

(1) The Spinal Cord

① The location and enlargements of spinal cord

② The relation of segments of spinal cord and the spinal nerves, the relationship

between spinal cord segments and vertebral bodies

③ The constructions of the conus medullaris and the cauda equina

④ The feature and functions of gray matter (3 horns)

⑤ The parts of white matter and the following main tracts (location, origin and

insertion, decussation parts, functions): fasciculus gracilis, fasciculus cuneatus,

spinothalamic tract, corticospinal tracts

(2) The Brain Stem

① The places where the last 10 pairs of cranial nerves attach to the brain stem and the

relation between the crus cerebri, basilar part of pons and the pyramid with the nerves

② The features and structures of superior and inferior colliculi, rhomboid fossa and

52

the location of 4th ventricle

③ The locations and features of gray matter

④ The locations and functions of reticular formation and main nuclei

⑤ The locations, functions and the joining cranial nerves of the nuclei of cranial

nerves

⑥ The locations and functions of main non-cranial nerve nuclei

⑦ The running courses of pyramidal tract and the relations between this tract and the

oculomotor, abducent and hypoglossal nerves, the phenomena of lesions of above

structures

⑧ The locations, running courses and functions of the long ascending and descending

tracts

⑨ The main structures of the transverse sections of brain stem

(3) The Cerebellum

① The location, features, lobes, 3 pairs of peduncles and 4 pairs of nuclei of

cerebellum

② The functional localizations and their fiber joining of cerebellum

(4) The Diencephalon

① The location and portions of diencephalons

② The locations and structures of epithalamus and subthalamus, and the location and

functions of pineal body

③ The locations and functions of medial and lateral geniculate bodies

④ The locations, functions and the joining fibers of the specific thalamic nuclei

⑤ The portions and main nuclei and functions of hypothalamus

⑥ The relations of the thalamus with the pituitary gland (the fibers and pituitary

portal vein)

(5) The Telencephalon

① The external features of the hemisphere: the main sulci of fissures, gyri, lobes, and

the functional localizations

② The conception, organization and the functions of the limbic system

③ The structural and functional characteristics of the first somatic sensory area, the

first somatic motor area, the visual area, the auditory area and the language areas

④ The location and portions of the lateral ventricle, the organization and functions of

the basic nuclei

⑤ The 3 kinds of fibers of the medullary matter: the association fibers, the

53

commissural fibers and the projection fibers

⑥ The location, portions and the through fibers of the internal capsule and the

phenomena of leisions of the internal capsule


(1)The Spinal Nerves

① The construction and the fibrous composition of spinal nerves, and the branches of

each spinal nerve

② The organizations, locations, the main branches and their distributions of the

nervous plexuses (the cervical, brachial, lumbar and sacra) and the thoracic nerves

③ The running courses, main branches, distributions and the clinical importance of

the following nerves: phrenic nerve, long thoracic nerve, musculocutaneous nerve,

median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve, axillary nerve, femoral nerve, obturator nerve

and sciatic nerve

④ The anatomical bases of localizationgs of nervous lesions, and the segmental

nervous distributions of the clinical common usuage

(2)The Cranial Nerves

① The fibrous compositions and relative ganglia of the crania nerves

② The places where the nerves enter or leave the skull

③ The origin and insertion, running course, distribution and clinical importance of 12

pair cranial nerves

④ The fibrous composition, branches and their running courses, general distributions

and clinical importance of trigeminal nerve main branches

⑤ The fibrous compositions, running courses, branches and their distributions, the

phenomena of leisions of facial nerve and the running course and functions of chorda

tempani

⑥ The running courses and distributions of the superior laryngeal nerve and recurrent

laryngeal nerve, the phenomena of lesions of superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves

(3) The Visceral Nevous System

① The organizations, distributions, and structural and functional characteristics of

visceral nerves

② The differences between the visceral and somatic motor nerves

③ The locations of lower center, paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia,

communicating branches and their running ways of sympathetic nerves

④ The portions, structural and functional characteristics of sympathetic nerves

54

⑤ The locations of lower center, ganglia, distributional and functional characteristics

of parasympathetic nerves

⑥ The main differences between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves



① The origin and insertion, organization, running courses, structural and functional

characteristics, and the phenomena of lesions of the following sensory pathways: the

conscious deep sensory and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs, the superficial

sensory pathways concerned with pain and thermal sensations of trunk and limbs, and

of head and face

② The organization, running courses, structural and functional characteristics and the

phenomena of lesions of the visual pathway and papillary reflexes

(2)The Motor (Descending) Pathways

The organization, origin and insertion, running courses, distribution, structural and

functional characteristics and the phenomena of lesions of the pyramidal system

(corticonuclear, corticospinal tracts)


Fluid


① 3 meninges of brain and spinal cord, the location, structural and functional

characteristics of the epidural space, and the location and contents of terminal

cisterna, their clinical meaning (relation with the lumber anaesthesia, epidural

anaesthesia)

② The structural characteristics, the septa and venous sinuses of cerebral dura mater,

the names, locations and communications of main venous sinuses and their clinical

meaning

③ The location of cavernous sinus, the structure which run through the cavernous

sinus, and the communications with extracranial veins and the clinical importance of

cavernous sinus

④ The structural and functional characteristics of arachnoid and pia mater

⑤ The locations of main subarachnoid cisterns: the cerebromedullary interpeduncular,

the pontine cistern and the terminal cistern, their clinical meanings


① The sources, running courses, branches and their supplying of arteries of brain and

55

spinal cord (the vertebral artery, internal carotid artery and the arteries of spinal cord)

② The structural and functional characteristics of the arteries of brain and spinal cord

③ The constructions and functions of the cerebral arterial circle (Willis’s circle)

④ The running course, branches and their distributions of middle cerebral artery and

basilar artery, and the clinical importance

⑤ The names, drainages of the veins of brain and spinal cord


① The production and the circulation of CSF

② The function of CSF


The conception, parts, and their clinical importance of brain barriers

The Endocrine SystemOBJECTIVESKnowledgeAt the end of the course the student will be able to: 1. Introduction

(1) Be familiar with the conception, composition, structural features and the functions

of the endocrine system.

(2) Understand the relation between the endocrine system and nervous system.

2. The Endocrine Gland

(1) Master the location, relations, features and functions of hypophysis. Understand

the artery supply and the venous drainage of hypophysis.

(2) Master the situation, features, relations, coverings, blood supply and the functions

of thyroid gland and suprarenal gland.

(3) Master the locations and functions of parathyroid glands and pineal body.

3. The Endocrine Tissue

Master the situation and functions of the pancreatic islets, thymus and the ovary and

testis.



(1) Master the location, relations, features and functions of hypophysis. Understand

the artery supply and the venous drainage of hypophysis.

(2) Master the situation, features, relations, coverings, blood supply and the functions

56

of thyroid gland and suprarenal gland.

(3) Master the locations and functions of parathyroid glands.

(4) Master the location, features and functions of pineal body.


Master the situation and functions of the pancreatic islets, thymus and the ovary and

testis.

COURSE CONTENTTheory 1. Introduction

(1) The conception, composition, structural features and the functions of the

endocrine system

(2) The relation between the endocrine system and nervous system


(1) The location, relations, features and functions of hypophysis, the artery supply and

the venous drainage of hypophysis

(2) The situation, features, relations, coverings, blood supply and the functions of

thyroid gland

(3) The locations and functions of parathyroid glands

(4) The features, situation, relations, blood supply and functions of suprarenal gland

(5) The location, features and functions of pineal body


(1) The situation and functions of the pancreatic islets

(2) The situation and functions of thymus

(3) The situation and functions of the ovary and testis

Practicals1. The location, relations, features and functions of hypophysis, the artery supply and

the venous drainage of hypophysis

2. The situation, features, relations, coverings, blood supply and the functions of

thyroid gland

3. The locations and functions of parathyroid glands

4. The features, situation, relations, blood supply and functions of suprarenal gland

5. The location, features and functions of pineal body

6. The situation and functions of thymus

57

Syllabus of Regional Anatomy

INTRODUCTIONOBJECTIVESKnowledgeAt the end of the course the student will be able to: 1. Understand the conception and the clinical importance of the topographical

anatomy.

2. Master the conceptions and layers of the basic structures of human body (skin,

superficial and deep fascia, muscle, blood vessel, lymph and nerve).

3. Master the anatomical instruments and their usage: The scalpel, forceps, scissors,

hemostatic forceps.

4. Understand the matters needing attention of dissection.


1. Master the basic structures and layers of human body (skin, superficial and deep

fascia, muscle, blood vessel, lymph and nerve).

2. Master the anatomical instruments and their usage: The scalpel, forceps, scissors,

hemostatic forceps.

COURSE CONTENTTheory1. The conception and the clinical importance of the topographical anatomy

2. The conceptions of the basic structures of human body (skin, superficial and deep

fascia, muscle, blood vessel, lymph and nerve)

3. The anatomical instruments and their usage: The scalpel, forceps, scissors,

hemostatic forceps

4. The matters needing attention of dissection

Practicals1. The basic structures and layers of human body (skin, superficial and deep fascia,

muscle, blood vessel, lymph and nerve)

2. The anatomical instruments and their usage: The scalpel, forceps, scissors,

58

hemostatic forceps

THE LOWER LIMBOBJECTIVESKnowledgeAt the end of the course the student will be able to: 1. Master the name, location, the origin and insertion, function, innervation and

vascularity of the muscles of the lower limb.

2. Master the name, course, branches, distribution of the main arteries of the lower

limb. Master the course and receiving of the superficial veins of the lower limb.

3. Master the branches and distribution of the lumbar plexus and sacral plexus. The

course and distribution of main nerves (femoral nerve, obturator nerve, pudendal

nerve, sciatic nerve, tibial nerve, commpn peroneal nerve, deep peroneal nerve and

superficial peroneal nerve), the clinic represent after injuried.

4. Master the location, composition, boundaries and contents of the lacuna

musculorum, lacuna vasorum, femoral vessels sheath, femoral canal (femoral ring),

femoral trigone, popliteal fossa and malleolar canal.

5. Be familiar with the groups, location, receiving and drainage of the lymph nodes of

the lower limb. Be familiar with the characteristic of the deep fascia of the thigh.

6. Understand the composition and the clinic significance of the arches of foot.


1. Master the origin and insertion, vascularity and innervation of the muscles of

anterior group, medial group and posterior group of the thigh. Master the layers,

vascularity and innervation of the muscles of the gluteal region. Master the name,

location and innervation of the muscles of anterior group, posterior group, lateral

group of the leg. Understand the name and location of the muscles of the sole of the

foot.

2. Master the location and drainage of the greater saphenous vein and its 5 tributaries,

small saphenous vein. Master the name, course, branches and distribution of the main

arteries of the lower limb.

3. Master the location, boundaries and contents of the femoral trigone, popliteal fossa,

59

suprapiriform and infrapiriform foramina, malleolar canal. Be familiar with the

boundaries and contents of the lacuna musculorum, lacuna vasorum.

4. Master the course, branches and distribution of the main nerves of the lower limb.

5. Be familiar with the location of the superficial inguinal lymph nodes. Be familiar

with the characteristic of the deep fascia of the thigh.

6. Understand the composition and collocation of the sole of the foot.

COURSE CONTENTTheory1. The Superficial Layer, Anterior and Medial Regions of The Thigh

(1) Main signs of bones and muscles of the lower limb

(2) The features of the skin and superficial fascia of the thigh, the distribution of

cutaneous nerves of the thigh, the characteristic of the deep fascia of the thigh

(3) The course and tributaries of the great saphenous vein and its communication with

deep vein, the superficial arteries come from the deep arteries at the thigh, the groups,

locations, receiving and drainage of superficial inguinal lymph nodes

(4) The features of muscles of the anterior and medial region of the thigh, and

iliopsoas, including the location, the origin and insertion, the function and the

innervation

(5) The location, composition and contents of lacuna musculorum, lacuna vasorum,

femoral vessels sheath, femoral canal (femoral ring) and femoral trigone

(6) The course, branches, distribution and the clinic significance of the femoral artery,

the course and the distribution of the obturator artery, the location of the femoral vein

(7) The course, branches, distribution of the femoral nerve and obturator nerve

(8) The layers of the anterior and medial region of the thigh, the location and

adjacencies of main arteries and nerves

2. The Gluteal Region

(1) The feature of the skin of the gluteal region, the name and the distribution of

cutaneous nerves of the gluteal region, the features of deep fascia of the gluteal region

(2) The features of muscles of the gluteal region, include the location, the origin and

insertion, the function and innervation

(3) The names, the course, branches and distribution of the gluteal arteries

(4) The names, the course, branches and distribution of the gluteal nerves

(5) The layers and the location of main structures of the gluteal region

60

3. The Back of the Thigh and the Popliteal Fossa

(1) The feature of the skin and fascia of the back of the thigh and the popliteal fossa

(2) The features of muscles of the back of the thigh, include the location, the origin

and insertion, the function and innervetion

(3) The boundaries and the contents of the popliteal fossa and the located relation of

the contents

(4) The location and the course of the popliteal artery, the location of the popliteal

vein

(5) The location, receiving and draining of the popliteal lymph nodes

(6) The location, the course, branches and distribution of the sciatic nerve

(7) The layers of main structures of the back of the thigh

4. The Leg and Foot

(1) The feature of the skin and fascia, the name and the distribution of cutaneous

nerves, the flow direction of the superficial veins and superficial lymphatic vessels,

the located relation of the great saphenous vein and medial malleolus, the deep fascia

and the ligament of malleolus

(2) The composition, the contents and their order of the malleolar canal

(3) The features of muscles of the anterior and lateral of the leg, include the location,

the origin and insertion, the function and innervation, the synovial sheath of tendon

(4) The location, the course and distribution of the anterior tibial artery and dorsal

artery of foot

(5) The course, branches and distribution of the common peroneal nerve, the course,

branches and distribution of the deep peroneal nerve and the superficial peroneal

nerve

(6) The layers of the anterior region of the leg and the dorsum of the foot, the location

and adjacencies of main arteries and nerves

(7) The name and the distribution of cutaneous nerves, the location and the end of the

small saphenous vein

(8) The features of muscles of the posterior of the leg, include the location, the origin

and insertion, the function and innervation

(9) The course, branches and distribution of the posterior tibial artery, the course,

branches and distribution of the tibial nerve

(10) The layers of the posterior region of the leg, the location and adjacencies of main

arteries and nerves

61

(11) The sole of the foot: the feature of the skin and fascia, the name and the

distribution of cutaneous nerves, the feature of the deep fascia, the features of muscles

of the the sole of the foot, include the group, the name, the location, the origin and

insertion, the function and innervation, the course and the distribution of arteries and

vessels of the sole of the foot, the composition and the clinic significance of the

arches of foot, the layers of structures of the sole of foot

(12) The place of pulse arteries touching on the body and their names.

(13) The branches and distribution of the lumbar plexus and sacral plexus, the course

and distribution of main nerves (femoral nerve, obturator nerve, pudendal nerve,

sciatic nerve, tibial nerve, commpn peroneal nerve, deep peroneal nerve and

superficial peroneal nerve), the clinic represent after injuried

Practicals1. The Superficial Layer, Anterior and Medial Regions of the Thigh

(1) The greater saphenous vein and its 5 tributaries

(2) The superficial inguinal lymph nodes, the cataneous nerve, the fascia latae

(3) The boundaries and the contents of the femoral trigone

(4) The boundaries and the contents of the lacuna musculorum and lacuna vasorum

(5) The main contents, the origin and insertion of the adductor canal

(6) The vessels and nerves of the muscles of the anterior group and the medial group

of the thigh

2. The Gluteal Region

(1) The gluteus maximus, the gluteus medius, the piriformis

(2) The structures passing through the suprapiriform and infrapiriform foramina and

their relations (location, range)(3) Broad tendon of the obturator internus

(4) The vessels and nerves of the muscles of the gluteal region

3. The Back of the Thigh and the Popliteal Fossa

(1) The small saphenous vein and femoral cutaneous nerve

(2) The muscles of the posterior group of thigh

(3) The sciatic nerve, its running course and 2 terminal branches

(4) The boundaries and contents of the popliteal fossa

4. The Leg and Foot

(1) The gastrocnemius and soleus, the structures deep to the soleus (muscles, arteries

and veins, nerves)

62

(2) The 5 articular arteries of the popliteal artery

(3) The structures of malleolar canal and their relations(range)

(4) The common peroneal nerve and its 2 branches ---- the superficial and deep

peroneal nerves

(5) The muscles of the anterior and lateral groups of the leg

(6) The anterior tibial artery

(7) The plantar surface of foot

THE BACK AND UPPER LIMBOBJECTIVESKnowledgeAt the end of the course the student will be able to: 1. Master the location, the origin and insertion, function and innervation of the

superficial muscles of the back and the thorax. Master the name, location, the origin

and insertion, function, innervation and vascularity of the muscles of the upper limb

and hand.

2. Master the name, course, branches and distribution of the main arteries of the upper

limb, master the course and receiving of the superficial veins of the upper limb.

3. Master the branches and distribution of the brachial plexus. Master the course and

distribution of main nerves (thoracodorsal nerve, long thoracic nerve,

musculocutaneous nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve and axillary nerve),

the clinic represent after injuried.

4. Master the location, boundaries and contents of the triangular space, the

quadrangular space, axillary fossa and cubital fossa. Master the layers and the

collocation of main structures of the anterior of the forearm. The names of tendon are

seen at the surface of body.

5. Master the shape, location and structure of mammae of female. Master the

lymphatic drainage of the mamma and the clinic significance.

6. Master the location, distribution of the nerves and vessels of the hand.


the upper limb.

8. Understand the characteristic of the skin and fascia of the back, thorax, upper limb

and hand.

63


1. Master the location, the origin and insertion, innervation of the superficial muscles

of back and thorax. Master the name, location, the origin and insertion, innervation of

the muscles of the upper limb and hand.

2. Master the course, branches, distribution of the main arteries(axillary artery,

brachial artery, radial artery, ulnar artery) of the upper limb, master the course and

receiving of the superficial veins(cephalic vein, basilic vein, median cubital vein) of

the upper limb.

3. Master the branches and distribution of the brachial plexus. Master the course and

distribution of main nerves (thoracodorsal nerve, long thoracic nerve,

musculocutaneous nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve and axillary nerve).

4. Master the location, boundaries and contents of the he triangular space, the

quadrangular space, axillary fossa and cubital fossa. Master the layers and the

collocation of main structures of the anterior of the forearm.

5. Master the shape, location and structure of mammae of female.

6. Master the location, distribution of the nerves and vessels of the hand.


the axillary fossa .

COURSE CONTENTTheory1. The Back and Shoulder Regions and the superficial layer of Thoracic Wall

(1) The features of the skin and superficial fascia of the back, the deep fascia of the

back

(2) The features of the superficial muscles of the back (the trapezius, the latissimus

dorsi), including the location, the origin and insertion, function and innervation, the

features of the muscles of shoulder (the deltoid, the suprespinatus, the infraspinatus,

the teres minor , the teres major and the subscapularis), include the location, the origin

and insertion, function and innervation of the deltoid, the boundaries and the contents

of the triangular space and the quadrangular space

(3) The courses and the distribution of the accessory nerve, the courses and the

distribution of the axillary nerve, and the clinic phenomenon after injuried

(4) The collocation of the structures of the back and the shoulder

(5) Main signs of bones and muscles of the upper limb, the surface projections of

64

main arteries (axillary\ brachial\ radial\ ulnar arteries) and nerves (medin\ radial\ ulnar

nerves) of the upper limb

(6) The features of the skin and superficial fascia of the thorax, the distribution of

thoracic nerves, the superficial arteries and veins of the thorax, the shape, location and

structure of mammae of female, the lymphatic drainage of the mamma and the clinic

significance

(7) The features of the superficial muscles of the thorax (the pectoralis major, the

pectoralis minor and the serratus anterior), including the location, the origin and

insertion, the function and innervation

(8) The layers relation of the superficial structures of the thorax

2. The Axillary Fossa

(1) The location, the shape and the boundaries of the axilla

(2) The branches, the distribution and the course of the axillary artery, the location of

the axillary vein

(3) The composition of the brachial plexus, collocation of the three cords of axillary

artery and the axillary artery

(4) The courses and the distribution of the branches of the brachial plexus in the axilla

(thoracodorsal nerve, long thoracic nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, median nerve,

ulnar nerve, radial nerve and axillary nerve)

(5) The groups of the axillary lymph nodes, the location, receiving and draining of the

infraclavicular lymph nodes

(6) The contents of the axilla and collocation of the contents

(7) The thoracic fascia, the axillary fascia and the axillary sheath

3. The Anterior Surface of the Arm and Forearm

(1) The features of the skin and superficial fascia of the upper limb, the names and the

distribution of cutaneous nerves of the arm, master names, receiving and the course of

the superficial vein of the arm (the cephalic vein, the basilic vein), the course and the

drainage of the lymphatic vessel of the arm, the deep fascia of the arm

(2) The features of the anterior muscles of the arm (the biceps brachii, the

coracobrachialis, the brachialis), including the location, the origin and insertion, the

function and innervation

(3) The course, branches and distribution of the brachial artery

(4) The course, branches and distribution of the musculocutaneous nerve, the course

of the median nerve and ulnar nerve

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(5) The boundaries and the contents of the cubital fossa, and collocation of the

contents

(6) The features of the skin and superficial fascia of the forearm, the names and the

distribution of cutaneous nerves of the forearm, the superficial vein of the forearm,

the deep fascia of the forearm

(7) The features of the anterior muscles of the forearm, including the location, the

origin and insertion, the function and innervation

(8) The course, branches and distribution of the radial artery and ulnar artery in the

forearm, the course, branches and distribution of the median nerve and ulnar nerve in

the forearm

4. The Posterior Surface of Upper Limb

(1) The features of the triceps brachii, including the location, the origin and insertion,

the function and innervation

(2) The course, branches and distribution of the radial nerve

(3) The layers from superficial to deep of anterior and posterior of the arm, the

location and adjacencies of main arteries and nerves

(4) The features of the posterior muscles of the forearm, including the location, the

origin and insertion, the function and innervation

(5) The course, branches and distribution of the radial nerve in the forearm

(6) The layers from superficial to deep of anterior and posterior of the forearm, the

location and adjacencies of main arteries and nerves

(7) The layers and the collocation of main structures of the anterior of the forearm, the

names of tendon are seen at the surface of body

5. The Palm of Hand

(1) The features of the skin and superficial fascia of the hand and the clinic

significance, the drainage of superficial vein and the superficial lymphatic vessels of

the hand, the distribution of cutaneous nerves of the hand, the dissection of fingers

and nails, the deep fascia of the hand and palmar aponeurosis, the flexor retinaculum

and the carpal canal

(2) The groups of the muscles of the hand, and their names, location and innervation

(3) The synovial sheath of tendon and the tendinous sheath of finger and their clinic

significance

(4) The boundaries of thenar space and midpalmar space and their clinic significance

(5) The location and the distribution of arteries and nerves of hand (the superficial

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palmar arch and deep palmar arch)

(6) The layers of main structure of the hand

(7) The place of pulse arteries which can be touched on the body and their names

(8) The branches and distribution of the brachial plexus, the course, distribution and

the clinic represent after injuried of main nerves (thoracodorsal nerve, long thoracic

nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve and axillary

nerve)

Practicals1. The Back and Shoulder Regions and the superficial layer of Thoracic Wall

(1) The back and shoulder

① The location, the origin and insertion and innervation of the trapezius, latissimus

dorsi, rhomboideus and lavetor scapulae

② The location and shape of the thoracolumbar fascia and the erector spinae

(sacrospinalis)

③ The location, the origin and insertion and innervation of the muscles of shoulder

④ The boundaries and contents of the triangular space and quadrangular space

(2) The superficial layer of thoracic wall

① The location, shape and structure of the mamma

② The location, the origin and insertion and innervation of the pectoralis major and

deltoid

2. The Axillary Fossa

(1) The location, the origin and insertion and innervation of the pectoralis major,

pectoralis minor, serratus anterior

(2) The course, branches and distribution of the long thoracic nerve,

musculocutaneous nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve, axillary nerve and

thoracodorsal nerve

(3) The course of the lateral thoracic artery, axillary artery, subscapular artery,

posterior and anterior humeral circumflex arteries

(4) The branches and distribution of the brachial plexus

(5) The muscles of the anterior, posterior, medial and lateral wall of the axillary fossa

3. The Anterior Surface of the Arm and Forearm

(1) The course of the cephalic, basilic, and median cubital vein

(2) The location, the origin and insertion, innervation of the biceps brachii and the

brachialis

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(3) The course and branches of the brachial artery and radial artery

(4) The boundary, contents and their collocation of the cubital fossa

(5) The location and collocation of the muscles of the superficial, the second, the third

and the fourth layer of the anterior group of forearm

(6) The course, branches, distribution of the median nerve, radial nerve and ulnar

nerve

(7) The arrangements of the structures in front of the wrist

4. The Posterior Surface of Upper Limb

(1) The location, the origin and insertion, innervation of the triceps brachii

(2) The location, layers, the origin and insertion, innervation of the muscles of the

posterior group of forearm

(3) The course of the posterior interosseous nerve and artery

(4) The posterior surface of wrist and the dorsum of hand: the dorsal venous rete of

hand, the superficial braches of radial nerve and the dorsal branches of ulnar nerve,

the extensor retinaculum and the 6 canals and the structures at each canal, the

boundaries and contents of anatomical snuff-box

5. The Palm of Hand

(1) The structure of the palmar aponeurosis, the flexor retinaculum (transverse

ligament) and the carpal canal

(2) The branches of the superficial palmar arch and deep palmar arch of hand

(3) The groups, name, location and innervation of the muscles of the hand

(4) The location and structure of the tendinous sheaths of fingers

THE HEAD AND NECKOBJECTIVESKnowledgeAt the end of the course the student will be able to:

1． Master the names, location, the origin and insertion, function, innervation and

vascularity of the muscles of the head and neck.

2． Master the names, course, branches, distribution of the main arteries of the head

and neck. Master the course and receiving of the veins of the face, master the

location and receiving of the main veins of the neck.

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3． Master the composition, branches, distribution of the cervical plexus, master the

composition and location of the brachial plexus. Master the course, branches,

distribution of the cranial nerves. Be familiar with the names, location, origin and

distribution of the cutaneous nerves of the neck.

4． Master the names, location, receiving and drainage of the superficial lymph

nodes, understand the groups, location, receiving and drainage of the deep lymph

nodes of the neck.

5． Master the shape, location, relation, innervation, adjacent organs and vascularity

of the thyroid gland, parotid gland, trachea and esophagus.

6． Understand the characteristics of the skin and fascia of the head and neck. Master

the layers and the characteristic of every layer of the scalp.

7． Master the location, boundaries, contents and collocation of the scalene fissure,

carotid trigone, carotid sheath, muscular trigone, submental trigone and

submandibular trigone. Master the location of the temporal fossa, infratemporal

fossa and pterygopalatine fossa.


1. Master the names, location, the origin and insertion, innervation and vascularity of

the muscles of the neck. Master the names, location and innervation of the

masticatory muscles.

2. Master the names, course, branches, distribution of the main arteries of the head

and neck. Master the course and receiving of the veins of the face, master the location

and receiving of the main veins of the neck.

3. Master the composition, branches, distribution of the cervical plexus. Master the

course, branches, distribution of the cranial nerves (facial nerve, trigeminal nerve,

vagus nerve, accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve). Be familiar with the names,

location, origin and distribution of the cutaneous nerves of the neck.

4. Master the names and location of the superficial lymph nodes, understand the

groups and location of the deep lymph nodes of the neck.

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5. Master the shape, location, relation, innervation, adjacent organs and vascularity of

the thyroid gland and parotid gland.

6. Understand the characteristics of the skin and fascia of the head and neck. Master

the layers and the characteristic of every layer of the scalp.

7. Master the location, boundaries, contents and collocation of the scalene fissure,

carotid sheath, muscular trigone, submental trigone and submandibular trigone.

COURSE CONTENTTheory

1．The Superficial Layer and Lateral Region of Neck

(1) The regions of the neck, the border and situation of the trigone of the neck, the

layer relation from superficial to deep in the superficial layer of the neck

(2) The position of the external jugular vein and anterior jugular vein, their receiving

and drainage

(3) The leaving passage of the skull, components and distribution of the accessory

nerve, the origin and insertion, situation, action and innervation of the

sternocleidomastoid

(4) The names, position, receiving and drainage part of the superficial cervical nodes

(5)The names, position, (especially the situation relation with the

sternocleidomastoid), origin and distribution of the cutaneous nerve of the neck

(6) The composition, branches, distribution of the cervical plexus, the composition,

course and distribution of phrenic nerve

(7) The situations of anterior, middle, posterior scalenus, the boundary and the main

transmitting contents of the scalene fissure

(8) The composition and the situation of the brachial plexus, the anaesthesia part of

brachial plexus upper the clavicle

2. The Sternocleidomastoid Region and the Anterior Region of Neck

(1) The borders and contents of the lateral region of the neck and carotid trigone

(2)The contents and collocation of carotid sheath, the situation of common carotid

artery and internal carotid artery, the position of the carotid sinus and carotid body the

position, origin of internal jugular vein, the tributaries of internal jugular vein

(3) The position of external carotid artery, main course and distribution of the main

branches (superior thyroid artery, lingual artery, facial artery, superficial temporal

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artery and maxillary artery)

(4) The leaving passage of the skull, the components, course in the neck, the main

branches and distribution of the vagus nerve

(5) The situations, receiving and efferent drainage of submental lymph nodes and

submandibular lymph nodes, the groups, situations, receiving and drainage of deep

cervical nodes

(6) The names, positions, origin and insertion, function of the suprahyoid muscles, the

boundaries and contents of submental trigone and submandibular trigone, the

collocation of these contents

3. The Anterior Region of Neck and the Root of Neck

(1) The origin, main trunk and branches of subclavian artery, the course of the

vertebral artery, the course and drainage of subclavian vein, the opening part of

thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

(2) The borders, contents and their position, layer relationship of muscular trigone

(3) The names, positions, layers and actions of infrahyoid muscles

(4) The shape, covering, situation, adjacent organs and vessels of the thyroid gland,

the lymphatic drainage and innervation of thyroid gland, the number, situation of

parathyroid gland (especially the position relation with thyroid gland)

(5) The origin, components, course, distribution and relation with superior thyroid

artery of superior laryngeal nerve, the origin, components, course and distribution of

recurrent laryngeal nerve, the position relationship between the recurrent laryngeal

nerve and surrounding structures, the phenomena of after lesion of the recurrent

laryngeal nerve

(6) The structure of trachea, situation at the neck and the adjacent relation

(7) The position, adjacent relations of esophagus in the neck

(8) The position, branches and distribution of cervical sympathetic trunk and superior,

middle, inferior cervical ganglions

(9) The situation and relation of copular of pleura

4. The Top of Skull and Facial Regions

(1) The characteristic of the skin and fascia in the face

(2) The layers and the characteristic of every layer of the scalp

(3) The locations, actions and innervation of obicularis oculi, frontal muscle,

obicularis oris and buccinator

(4) The origin, course, distribution of artery on the face (facial artery, superficial

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temporal artery), the course of the veins on the face and understand their receiving

and drainage

(5) The shape, situation of parotid gland and course and opening of the duct of parotid

gland, the Innervation of parotid gland, the situation, receiving and drainage of lymph

nodes of parotid gland

(6) The names, distribution of branches of facial nerve outside the facial canal, the

position relationship between the branches of facial nerve and parotid gland, the

phenomenon after lesion of facial nerve outside the stylomastoid foramen

(7) The part going out the face, components, distribution of every branch of

trigeminal nerve

(8) The positions of temporal fossa, infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa

(9) The positions, actions and innervation of masticatory muscle

(10) The course and distribution of maxillary artery and its branches

(11) The location of pterygoid venous plexus and the communication with the

superficial veins and intracranial veins

(12) The course, distribution of the branches of trigeminal nerve when they go

through the temporal fossa, infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa

Practicals1. The Superficial Layer and Lateral Region of Neck

(1) The location and innervation of the platysma and trapezius

(2) The location of the superficial jugular vein, subclavian vein and the superficial

cervical lymph nodes

(3) The course of the accessory nerve, the composition, branches and course of the

cervical plexus

(4) The location of the scalenus anterior, medius, posterior, the boundary and contents

of the scalene fissure

2. The Sternocleidomastoid Region and the Anterior Region of Neck

(1) The location, contents and collocation of the carotid sheath

(2) The location, groups of the deep cervical lymph nodes

(3) The course, branches and distribution of the vagus nerve, accessory nerve,

hypoglossal nerve

(4) The course, branches, distribution of the internal carotid artery and external

carotid artery, the location and innervation of the carotid sinus and body

(5) The location and drainage of the venous angle

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(6) The location of anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid

(7) The following structures deep to the mylohyoid (on the surface of hyoglossus): the

deep portion of submandibular gland and the duct of submandibular gland; the lingual

nerve and the submandibular ganglion; the hypoglossal nerve

(8) The location of the submandibular gland and find out the sublingual gland

3. The Anterior Region of Neck and the Root of Neck

(1) The location and layers of the infrahyoid muscles

(2) The shape, location and vascularity of the thyroid gland and the parathyroid glands

(3) The location, course and adjacencies of the suprolaryngeal nerve and recurrent

laryngea l nerve

(4) The situation and adjacencies of the cupula pleura

(5) The course of the subclavian artery and its branches

(6) The location, branches and distribution of the sympathetic trunk and the superior,

middle, and inferior cervical ganglia

4. The Top of Skull and Facial Regions

(1) The location and shape of the orbicularis oculi, buccinator, orbicularis oris,

occipitofrontalis

(2) The course, branches and distribution of the facial artery and vein

(3) The shape, location and innervation of the parotid gland, the course of the parotid

duct

(4) The course and distribution of the facial nerve and its branches

(5) The shape, location and layers of the masticatory muscles

(6) The branches and distribution of the trigeminal nerve

THE THORAXOBJECTIVESKnowledgeAt the end of the course the student will be able to:

1．Grasp the generally used body surface symbol of chest.

2. Master the construction of intercostals spaces. Grasp the name, position, direction

of muscle fiber, layer and function of intercostal muscles. Grasp the pathway, branch,

distribution of intercostal nerve. Grasp the arrangement relationship between

intercostal vessels and nerves.

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3. Grasp the position, shape and movement of diaphragm and the position of the three

hiatus of diaphragm. Be familiar with the position and significance of the weak point

of diaphragm.

4. Grasp the concept of pleura and pleural cavity. Grasp the subsection of parietal

pleura. Grasp the position and its clinical significance of costodiaphragmatic sinus.

5. Grasp the external features, position and sublobe of lung. Understand the

pulmonary segment. Master pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, and know the

functions of bronchial artery and bronchial vein. Know lymphatic return and nerves of

lung.

6. Grasp the position, subsection, composition organs and the collocation among

major organs of mediastinum.

7. Grasp the vessels of pulmonary circulation, including the course of pulmonary

artery and pulmonary vein. Know the position of arterial ligament and its clinical

significance. Grasp the veins of systemic circulation, including the composition and

course of brachiocephalic vein; the composition, course and receiving of superior

vena cava; the course of azygos vein; and the position and receiving of inferior vena

cava in thoracic cavity. Grasp the arteries of systemic circulation, including the

subsection of aorta; the position, branch and course of ascending aorta; the position

and course of aortic arch and its branch (brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid

artery, left subclavian artery); the position, course and branch of thoracic aorta.

8. Grasp the composition, course and distribution of phrenic nerve. Grasp the course,

branches and distribution of vagus nerve in main thoracic segments. Grasp the fiber

composition distributed to all the branches of the thoracic organ of vagus nerve. Grasp

the site that recurrent laryngeal nerve comes out and recurrent pathway. Grasp the

composition, position and branch of sympathetic trunk in thoracic portion. Grasp the

composition and course of greater splanchnic nerve and lesser splanchnic nerve.

Grasp the composition, position and distribution of cardiac plexus and pulmonary

plexus.

9. Grasp the position, morphological structure of trachea and principal bronchus.

10. Grasp the position, morphological structure and narrow portions of esophagus,

know its clinical significance.

11. Grasp all the major lymph nodes in thoracic cavity, e.g. mediastinal lymph nodes

and the position, recovery range and afflux of tracheobronchial lymph nodes. Grasp

the origin, pathway and the position end in the vein of thoracic duct.

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1. Master the structure of the intercostal space, master the shape and location of the

external intercostal muscle and the internal intercostal muscle. Master the location and

collocation of the intercostals arteries, veins and the nerves.

2. Master the structure of the pleura, master the shape and location of pleural cavity

and the recesses.

3. Master the shape and location of the lung, master the structure and collocation of

the root of lung.

4. Master the divisions and the boundaries of the mediastinum.

5. Master the course and drainage of the azygos vein and hemiazygos vein.

6. Master the course and distribution of the phrenic nerve, master the branches and

course of the sympathetic trunk.

7. Master the location and shape of the esophagus.

COURSE CONTENTTheory

1．The Intercostal Spaces, Pluera and Plural Cavity

(1) The generally used body surface symbol of chest, the body surface projection of

pleura (especially cupula of pleura, lower boundary of pleura and pericardial area),

the body surface projection of lung (especially lower pulmonary boundary and cardiac

notch), the body surface projection of heart, the body surface projection of heart

valves (note: different from the clinical auscultation position)

(2) Intercostal spaces: The construction of intercostals spaces, the name, position,

direction of muscle fiber, layer and function of intercostal muscles, the pathway,

branch, distribution of intercostal nerve, note the segmental distribution feature of

cutaneous branches, the pathway, branch and distribution of intercostals artery and

internal thoracic artery, the arrangement relationship between intercostal vessels and

nerves, the distribution of endothoracic fascia

(3) The position, shape and movement of diaphragm and the position of the three

hiatus of diaphragm, the position and significance of the weak point of diaphragm

(4) Pleura: The concept of pleura and pleural cavity, the subsection of parietal pleura

and pleural sinus, the position and its clinical significance of costodiaphragmatic sinus

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(5) Lung: The external features, position and sublobe of lung, pulmonary segment,

pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, and know the functions of bronchial artery and

bronchial vein, lymphatic return and nerves of lung

2. Mediastinum

(1) The position, subsection, composition organs and the position relationship among

major organs of mediastinum, know the structure of mediastinum seeing from left

lateral view and right lateral view

(2) Pectoral Vessels: The vessels of pulmonary circulation, including the course of

pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein, the position of arterial ligament and its clinical

significance, the veins of systemic circulation, including the composition and course

of brachiocephalic vein; the composition, pathway and recovery range of superior

vena cava; the pathway of azygos vein; and the position and its recovery range of

inferior vena cava in thoracic cavity, the arteries of systemic circulation, including the

subsection of aorta; the position, branches and course of ascending aorta; the position

and course of aortic arch and its branch (brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid

artery, left subclavian artery); the position, course and branches of thoracic aorta

(2) Pectoral Nerves: The composition, course and distribution of phrenic nerve, the

course, branches and distribution of vagus nerve in main thoracic segments, the fiber

composition distributed to all the branches of the thoracic organ of vagus nerve, the

site that recurrent laryngeal nerve comes out and recurrent pathway, the composition,

position and branch of sympathetic trunk in thoracic portion, the composition and

course of greater splanchnic nerve and lesser splanchnic nerve, the composition,

position and distribution of cardiac plexus and pulmonary plexus

(4) Trachea and Bronchus: The position, morphological structure of trachea, the

position, morphological structure features of left principal bronchus and right

principal bronchus and its clinical significance

(5) Esophagus: The position, morphological structure of esophagus, narrow portions

and know its clinical significance

(6) Pectoral lymph vessels and lymph nodes

All the major lymph nodes in thoracic cavity, e.g. mediastinal lymph nodes and the

position, recovery range and afflux of tracheobronchial lymph nodes, the origin,

pathway and the position end in the vein of thoracic duct

Practicals1. The Intercostal Spaces, Pleura and Pleural Cavity

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(1) The structure of the intercostal space, the location and layer of the external

intercostal muscle and the internal intercostal muscle

(2) The structure of the pleura, the location of the pleural cavity and the recesses

(3) The structure and collocation of the root of lung

(4) The collocation of the intercostals arteries, veins and the nerves

2. The Mediastinum

(1) The divisions and the boundaries of the mediastinum

(2) The course and drainage of the azygos vein and hemiazygos vein

(3) The course of the left and right phrenic nerve

(4) The shape and location of the esophagus

(5) The course of the left and right vagus nerve

(6) The location of left and right sympathetic trunk, sympathetic ganglia and the

communicating branches

(7) The location and course of the aortic arch, thoracic aorta and its branches

(8) The location and course of the upper part of thoracic duct

(9) The location and course of the right and left greater splanchnic nerve

THE ABDOMANOBJECTIVESKnowledgeAt the end of the course the student will be able to:

1. Grasp the generally used body surface symbol of abdominal region. Grasp the body

surface projection of liver, gallbladder, spleen, pylorus of stomach, vermiform

appendix and kidney. Know the body surface projection of other organs in abdominal

cavity.

2. Grasp the position, layer, approximate origin and insertion, muscle fiber direction

and function of muscles of abdominal wall.

3. Grasp the layers of anterior abdominal wall. Know the characteristic of skin and

superficial fascia of anterior abdominal wall. Know the artery and superficial vein of

anterior abdominal wall.

4. Grasp the location, adjacencies, shape, parts, composition, vascularity, lymphatic

return and innervation of the main organs (liver, stomach, small intestine, large

intestine, pancreas, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, ureter, urinary bladder and uterus )

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in the abdominal cavity.

5. Master the location, composition, boundaries and characteristic of the sheath of

rectus abdominis, arcuate line, linea alba, inguinal trigone and inguinal canal.

6. Grasp the definition of parietal layer, visceral layer and peritoneal cavity of

peritoneum. Grasp the intraperitoneal viscera, interperitoneal viscera and the

retroperitoneal viscera. Know the clinical significance of covering organs of

peritoneum under different circumstances. Grasp the name and position of peritoneal

reflections (omentum, ligament, mesentery) and their contains (arteries, veins, lymph

nodes, nerves or some other structures). Grasp the position, boundary and

communication of omental bursa. Know peritoneal recesses of posterior abdominal

wall. Know peritoneal fold and pouch of lower part of anterior abdominal wall and

their clinical significance.

7. Grasp the position, branchs and distribution of abdominal aorta and common iliac

artery. Grasp the composition, position and tributaries of inferior vena cava. Grasp the

position, reception and return of major lymph nodes groups in retroperitoneal space.

Grasp the synthesis of cisterna chyli and know its position and appearance.

8. Grasp the position, composition, major branches and distribution of lumbar plexus.

Grasp the location of the lumbosacral trunk. Grasp the position of the lumbar portion

of sympathetic trunk. Know the position and composition of celiac plexus, abdominal

aortic plexus and superior hypogastric plexus. Grasp the position and property of

celiac ganglion and aorticorenal ganglion.


1. Grasp the position, layer, approximate origin and insertion and muscle fiber

direction of muscles of abdominal wall.

2. Grasp the layers of anterior abdominal wall. Know the characteristic of skin and

superficial fascia of anterior abdominal wall.

3. Master the location, composition, boundaries and characteristic of the sheath of

rectus abdominis, linea alba, inguinal trigone and inguinal canal.

4. Grasp the location, adjacencies, shape, parts and composition of the main organs

(liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, spleen, kidney, adrenal

gland, ureter, urinary bladder and uterus ) in the abdominal cavity.

5. Grasp the name and position of peritoneal reflections (omentum, ligament,

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mesentery) and their contains (arteries, veins, lymph nodes, nerves or some other

structures). Grasp the position, boundary and communication of omental bursa. Know

peritoneal recesses of posterior abdominal wall. Know the location of the peritoneal

fold and pouch of lower part of anterior abdominal wall.

6. Grasp the position, branchs and distribution of abdominal aorta and common iliac

artery. Grasp the composition, position and tributaries of inferior vena cava.

7. Grasp the position, composition, major branches and distribution of lumbar plexus.

Grasp the location of the lumbosacral trunk. Grasp the position of the lumbar portion

of sympathetic trunk. Know the position and composition of celiac plexus, abdominal

aortic plexus and superior hypogastric plexus. Grasp the position and property of

celiac ganglion and aorticorenal ganglion.

COURSE CONTENTTheory 1. The Dissection of the Anterior Lateral Abdominal Wall

(1) The generally used body surface symbol of abdominal region, the body surface

projection of liver, gallbladder, spleen, pylorus of stomach, vermiform appendix and

kidney, the body surface projection of other organs in abdominal cavity

(2) The layers of anterior abdominal wall, the characteristic of skin and superficial

fascia of anterior abdominal wall, the artery and superficial vein of anterior abdominal

wall

(3) The position, layer, approximate origin and insertion, muscle fiber direction and

function of muscles of anterior abdominal wall

(4) The composition and characteristic of sheath of rectus abdominis, the position and

formation of arcuate line, the position, construction and construction features of linea

alba

(5) The course, branch, distribution of nerves and segmental distribution of cutaneous

branches of anterior abdominal wall

(6) The origin, course and distribution of superior and inferior epigastric arteries

(7) The position, four walls, two rings and contains of inguinal canal and their clinical

significance

(8) The position and boundary of inguinal trigone and its clinical significance, the

position and boundary of femoral ring and know its clinical significance

(9) The continual relationship between the covering of the spermatic cord and the

structure of every layer of anterior abdominal wall

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(10) The position, approximate start-stop and function of muscles of posterior

abdominal wall, the definition and distribution of fascia inside abdomen, and know

the name and position of each part of the fascia

2. The Exploration of Peritoneal Cavity and the Organs Covered the Peritoneum

(1) The following organs or structures of the superior colic region: the liver (include

falciform ligament, coronary ligament, triangular ligament and round ligament) and

the right kidney, right suprarenal gland, hepatorenal recess; the stomach (include

cardiac orifice, lesser curvature, pyloric sphincter, angular notch, greater curvature,

fundus of stomach); the spleen (include gastrosplenic ligament, splenorenal ligament

and splenic notch) and the left kidney, left suprarenal gland; the lesser omentum

(hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament) the omental bursa, the greater

omentum and the pancreas

(2) The following structures of the inferior colic region: the small intestine:

duodenum, the duodenojejunal flexure, suspensory muscle of duodenum, jejunum and

ileum, mesentery, the location and features of jejunum and ileum, the large intestine:

the cecum and vermiform appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending

colon and sigmoid colon, the mesoappendix, gastrocolic ligament, transverse

mesocolon, sigmoid mesocolon

(3) The male pelvic cavity: urinary bladder; rectum; rectovesical pouch

(4) The female pelvic cavity: urinary bladder; uterus; rectum, rectouterine pouch;

uterine tube (fimbriae, abdominal orifice) and ovary; ligaments supporting the uterus

(broad ligament, round ligament, cardinal ligament, uterosacral ligament)

(5) The definition of parietal layer, visceral layer and peritoneal cavity of peritoneum,

the intraperitoneal viscera, interperitoneal viscera and the retroperitoneal viscera, the

clinical significance of covering organs of peritoneum under different circumstances,

the name and position of peritoneal reflections (omentum, ligament, mesentery) and

their contains (arteries, veins, lymph nodes, nerves or some other structures), the

position, boundary and communication of omental bursa, peritoneal recesses of

posterior abdominal wall, peritoneal fold and pouch of lower part of anterior

abdominal wall and their clinical significance

3. The Dissection of Superior Colic Region

(1) Abdominal part of esophagus, the position, neighbor, shape, parts, composition,

artery, vein, lymphatic return and nerves of stomach, the position, neighbor, shape,

parts, composition, artery, vein, lymphatic return and nerves of duodenum

80

(2) The position, neighbor, shape, sublobe, artery, vein, lymphatic return and nerves

of liver, the segmentation of liver, grasp the position, neighbor, shape, parts of

gallbladder, the origin, features of the pathway of cystic artery and the return of cystic

vein, the detail discharging pathway of bile and pancreatic fluid to duodenum

(3) The position, neighbor, shape, parts, artery, vein, lymphatic return and nerves of

pancreas, the position, neighbors, appearance characteristic, artery, vein, lymphatic

return and nerves of spleen

(4) The branches and distribution of celiac trunk

4. The Dissection of the Inferior Colic Region

(1) The parts of small intestine, the difference in position and shape between jejunum

and ileum, their difference in composition and vascularity, and lymphatic return and

nerves of jejunum and ileum, the position, subsection, appearance characteristic,

artery, vein, lymphatic return and nerves of large intestine, the position and change of

vermiform appendix, the projection of root of vermiform appendix and its clinical

significance, artery and vein of vermiform appendix

(2) The position, composition and tributaries of the hepatic portal vein, anastomoses

and collateral circulation between the hepatic portal venous system and vena cava

system, and its clinical significance

(3) The branches and distribution of superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric

artery

5. The Dissection of the Retroperitoneal Space

(1) The position, neighbor, shape, structure, artery, vein, lymphatic return and nerves

of kidney, the coverings of kidney, and the clinical significance of adipose capsule of

kidney

(2) The position, origin and insertion, course and three constrictions of the ureter

(3) The position and neighbor of suprarenal gland, the artery supply of suprarenal

gland

(4) The position, branchs and distribution of abdominal aorta, the composition,

position and tributaries of inferior vena cava, the position, reception and return of

major lymph nodes groups in retroperitoneal space, the synthesis of cisterna chyli and

its position and appearance

(5) The position, composition, major branches and distribution of lumbar plexus, the

position of the lumbar portion of sympathetic trunk, the position and composition of

celiac plexus, abdominal aortic plexus and superior hypogastric plexus, the position

81

and property of celiac ganglion and aorticorenal ganglion

6. The dissection of Pelvis

(1) The position and shape of the ureter and the urinary bladder

(2) The course of the ductus deferens (female: the round ligament of uterus)

(3) The branches and subdivision the common iliac artery

(4) The course and situation of the lumbosacral trunk and the pelvis splanchnic nerve

Practicals1. The Anterior Lateral Abdominal Wall

(1) The location, the origin and insertion, muscle fiber direction of theobliquus

externus abdominis, obliquus internus abdominis, transverses abdominis

(2) The layers of the abdominal wall

(3) The location and boundary of the inguinal trigone (Hesselbach’s trigone), the

location, structure and contents of the inguinal canal

(4) The layers of scrotum, the coverings of testis

(5) The composition and characteristic of the sheath of rectus abdominis

(6) The location, composition and characteristic of the linea alba

2. Peritoneal Cavity and the Organs Covered the Peritoneum

(1) The structure of the superior colic region: the liver (include falciform ligament,

coronary ligament, triangular ligament and round ligament) and the right kidney, right

suprarenal gland, hepatorenal recess; the stomach (include cardiac orifice, lesser

curvature, pyloric sphincter, angular notch, greater curvature, fundus of stomach); the

spleen (include gastrosplenic ligament, splenorenal ligament and splenic notch) and

the left kidney, left suprarenal gland; the lesser omentum (hepatogastric ligament and

hepatoduodenal ligament) the omental bursa, the greater omentum and the pancreas

(2) The structure of the inferior colic region: the small intestine: duodenum, the

duodenojejunal flexure, suspensory muscle of duodenum, jejunum and ileum,

mesentery. Observe the location and features of jejunum and ileum, the large

intestine: the cecum and vermiform appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon,

descending colon and sigmoid colon. Observe the mesoappendix, gastrocolic

ligament, transverse mesocolon, sigmoid mesocolon

(3) The male pelvic cavity: urinary bladder; rectum; rectovesical pouch

(4) The female pelvic cavity: urinary bladder; uterus; rectum, rectouterine pouch;

uterine tube (fimbriae, abdominal orifice) and ovary; ligaments supporting the uterus

(broad ligament, round ligament)

82

3. Superior Colic Region

(1) The structures in the lesser omentum, the origin of the left and right gastric arteries

(2) The location of the cystic duct and common hepatic duct

(3) The location and boundary of the cystic trigone (Calot’s trigone), the location of

the cystic artery

(4) The location of the celiac plexus and hepatic plexus, the location and course of the

celiac trunk and its 3 branches

(5) The structures of the greater omentum

(6) The location and shape and vascularity of the pancreas

(7) The location and shape of the spleen

(8) The location of the hepatic portal vein

4. The Inferior Colic Region

(1) The location and shape of the transverse colon, jejunum and ileum

(2) The origin of the superior mesenteric vein, the course of the inferior mesenteric

artery and its branches

5. The Retroperitoneal Space

(1) The location and shape of the kidney and adrenal glands, the layer of the coverings

of kidney

(2)The location and origin of the suprarenal arteries, the location and drainage of the

veins

(3) The course of the testicular (ovarian) artery

(4) The location and course of the abdominal aorta and its branches

(5) The location and course of the inferior vena cava and its tributaries

(6) The location of the lumbar lymph nodes

(7) The location of the abdominal aortic plexus

(8) The location of the lumbar portion of sympathetic trunk and lumbosacral trunk,

the location and course of the lumbar plexus and its branches (iliohypogastric nerve,

ilioinguinal nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, femoral nerve, obturator nerve)

6. The dissection of Pelvis

(1) The course of the ureter, the location and shape of the urinary bladder

(2) The course of the ductus deferens

(3) The course of the round ligament

(4) The course of the common iliac artery and its branches

(5) The location of the pelvis splanchnic nerve

83

3. 教学方法

3.1 根据课程内容和听课学生的背景和特点，灵活运用多种恰当的教学方法，有

效调动学生学习积极性，促进学生学习能力发展。例举：脉管系统中心脏的教学，应用大量实体和模拟图片对心脏内外及毗

84

邻结构进行展示阐述，心腔防止血液反流装置属于教学难点，特制作教学动画

加以说明，辅以教师黑板版图和教学模型，开展讲授法、PBL 教学法等进行教

学内容呈现，网络教学内容的自主性学习引导，融汇理解重点难点内容；实验

课中有模型和多个方位及切开之心脏标本供学生进行学习实践，局部解剖课程

中学生亲自剖割达到知识的自我发现，从而多方位理解掌握详实的知识内容。3.2 恰当充分地使用现代教育技术手段开展教学活动，并在激发学生学习兴趣和

提高教学效果方面取得实效。信息技术手段在教学中体现为课堂中 ppt 教学课件的应用，实验课中图谱

模型标本及实体解剖相结合，多媒体图片展示和校园电教中心媒体播放结合完

成课堂学习内容；课后校园网络资源（教学录像，网络课程全内容，即指即译

解剖图谱等）的自主学习应用，与教师电子信箱联络答疑解惑，使学生随时可

以有学习参考资料和学习指导。3.3 重视学习过程管理，采用多种方式检查学生学习情况，注意巩固学生学习成

果，适时安排平时测验和考试。为提高学习质量，加深知识理解记忆，完善考核系统。教学中加入标本指认考试

85

画图作业，文字总结作业等考核内容，实验课随时安排小测试了解学生知识掌

握情况，期中期末考试内容全面，形式多样，学生考核客观公正。

Teaching Methodology

We apply diverse and appropriate teaching methods flexibly according to the teaching

content and students’ academic background & feature to motivate students and to

improve the ability of student.

For example, when we teach the heart of the analogy system, we use plenty of real

photos and substantial images to interpret the structure of the heart. The valve of the

heart is the key point and difficult to understand. In order to make it easier for

students, we use lecture teaching and PBL method with videos, blackboard design and

models. We evoke students to have self-study by the internet course to grasp the

difficult points. We supply the model and various specimens of the heart in the

experimental class. In the practical class of Regional Anatomy, students can dissect

the heart by themselves to solid their memories.

We use modern educational technology efficiently to active the students’ study

interests. For instance, we use using PPT, self-assessments to campus on-line

resources (teaching radio,) and e-mail interaction between teachers and students.

Information technique can be used to provide the reference and study instruction.

86

We focus on the management of study process, and exam students’ study in many

different ways. Tests and exams will be arranged to enhance the study outcome. In

order to improve the study quality, we will perfect the exam system. The test of

distinguishing specimen, drawing, literal summary will be inserted into the teaching.

4. 参考书目

TEXT BOOKS RECOMMENDED FOR SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY

1. Wu Kaiyun, Xu Fei. Systematic Anatomy. World Publishing Copporation 2011,first

edition

2. Fang Xiubin, Hu Haitao. Human Anatomy. 2002

3. Richard S. Snell. Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2000

4. Peter L. Williams. Gray’s Anatomy (38 edition). CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE. 1995

TEXT BOOKS RECOMMENDED FOR REGIONAL ANATOMY

1. Wang Huaijing, Liu Yong. Regional Anatomy. JILIN SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLGY PRESS 2009, Fifth edition

2. Lu Mengxiang. Experimental guide book of Human anatomy, 2009

3. Patrick. W. Tank. Grant’s Dissector. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. fifteenth

edition

4. Richard S. Snel. Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2000

87

5. 考试形式和成绩分配校内统一命题闭卷笔试，总评成绩100分。1).理论考试：期中考试100分，占30%；期末考试100分，占50%；2).实验考试（100分，占20%）: 包括对出勤、实验操作、实验报告等全过程的评价，总分100分。

EXAMANATION PATTERN & MARKS DISTRIBUTION 1. Teacher makes paper examine and quizzes to creat a scientify score system.

Standard nomenclature on campus. Total marks 100.

2. Theory assessment includes mid-term examination an final-term examination. The

mid-term examination is 100 marks, account for 30% of total mark. The final-term

88

examination is 100 marks, account for 50% of total mark.

3. Practicals assessment is 100 marks, account for 20% of total mark. It includes

attendance, experimental reports, oral test or identify labeled structures of corpse and

diagram report, and so on.

6. 学时分配

系统解剖学 156 学时（18 周）

教学内容理论学时实验学时总学时运动系统 24 9 33

内脏 28 7 35

脉管系统 20 4 24

89

感官 8 3 11

神经系统 44 6 50

内分泌系统 2 1 3

总学时 126 30 156

局部解剖学 72 学时（9 周）

教学内容理论学时实验学时总学时下肢 2 16 18

背部和上肢 2 16 18

头颈部 2 11 13

胸部 1 4 5

腹部 2 16 18

总学时 9 63 72

TEACHING HOURS DISTRIBUTION OF SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY

90

TEACHING CONTENTTHEORY

TEACHING HOURSEXPERIMENT

TEACHING HOURSTOTAL TEACHING

HOURS

LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM 24 9 33

SPLANCHNOLOGY 28 7 35

ANGIOLOGY 20 4 24

SENSORY ORGANS 8 3 11

NERVOUS SYSTEM 44 6 50

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 2 1 3

TOTAL 126 30 156

TEACHING HOURS DISTRIBUTION OF REGIONAL ANATOMY

TEACHING CONTENT LECTURE

HOURS

PRACTICAL

HOURS

TEACHING

HOURS

THE LOWER LIMB 2 16 18

THE BACK AND UPPER LIMB 2 16 18

THE HEAD AND NECK 2 11 13

THE THORAX 1 4 5

THE ABDOMAN 2 16 18

SUMMATION 9 63 72

91

7. 教学进度天津医科大学基础医学院教学进度表

学年第学期专业：年级：班级：课程名称：　　周次 Week

日期 Date

讲课内容 Contents

学时 Teaching

hours

节次Time

主讲教师 Teachers

实验内容 Experiment Contents

学时 Teaching hours

实验教师 Experiment teacher

1 　　　　　　　　23456 　　　　　　　7 　　　　　　　　8

92

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17 　　　　　　　　18 　　　　　　　　19 　　　　　　　

总学时理论实验　　　　　上课时间上课地点主任签字：

93

94

装订线

Specialty： Class： Name： Roll No.：

2014 级 14-15 学年（2）留学生教学进度表 1 班课程名称：Nomal Human StructureⅠ

项目讲课内容

学时数

主讲教师职称实验（实习）

内容学时数周次日期星期节次

1

20150309 MON 1-3

Introduction to Histology, Epithelial tissue(Histology)

3 Liang YuASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

20150310 TUE 1-3Epithelial tissue (Histology)

3

2

20150316 MON 1-3Connective tissue (Histology)

3 Liang YuASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

20150317 TUE 1-3Connective tissue (Histology)

3

3

20150323 MON 1-4Cartilage and bone (Histology)

2Lu Zhi-

hongLECTURER

Blood (Histology) 2 Gao Wei LECTURER

20150324 TUE 1-4Cartilage and bone, Blood (Histology)

4

20150326周四

Thursday

5-7

Introduction of Human Anatomy, the Locomotor System, Osteology & Arthrology

3Shao Heng

ASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

20150327 周五Friday

1-3The Bones of Trunk with their Joints

3Shao Heng

ASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

420150330 MON 1-2

Muscle tissue (Histology)

2Cui Hong-

meiLECTURER

20150331 TUE 1-2 Muscle tissue (Histology)

2

95

20150402周四

Thursday

5-7The Bones of Skull with their Joints

3Shao Heng

ASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

20150403 FRI 1-4Nerve tissue (Histology)

4 Liang YuASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

5

20150406 MON Holiday

20150407 TUE 1-4Nerve tissue (Histology)

4

20150409周四

Thursday

5-7

The Bones of Trunk & Skull with their Joints

3


1-4The Bones of four Limbs & their Joints

4 Yang HuiASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

6

20150413 MON1-2

Histology of Circulatory system

2Wang

Jun-yanPROFESSOR

3-3.5 Review Quiz 1.5 Liang YuASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

20150414 TUE 1-2Circulatory system (Histology )

2

20150416周四

Thursday


3


1-4 Skeletal Muscles 4Zhai Li-

dongASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

7

20150420 MON 1-2Histology of Immune system

2Wang

Jun-yanPROFESSOR

20150421 TUE 1-2 Immune system (Histology)

2

20150423周四

Thursday

5-7Skeletal Muscles

3

20150424 周五 1-4Introduction of splanchnology,

4Zhi Jian-

shengLECTURER

96

Friday Alimentary System (1)

8

20150427 MON 1-2Histology of Endocrine system

2 Hong Wei PROFESSOR

20150428 TUE 1-2Histology of Endocrine system

2

20150430周四

Thursday

5-7Alimentary System (2)

3Zhi Jian-

shengLECTURER

9

20150504 MON 1-2Histology of Digestive tract

2Hu Zhi-

meiLECTURER

20150505 TUE 1-2Histology of Digestive tract

2

20150507周四

Thursday

5-8Respiratory System, Pleura

4Zhi Jian-

shengLECTURER


1-4Urinary System, Male Genital System

4 Cai Ying LECTURER

10

20150511 周一Monday

1-4

Female Genital System, Peritoneum, Endocrine System

4 Cai Ying LECTURER

20150514周四

Thursday

5-7 Splanchnology 3


1-4Introduction of Vascular System,heart

4Zhang Ping

PROFESSOR

1120150518 MON 1-2

Histology of Digestive gland

2Hu Zhi-

meiLECTURER

20150519 TUE 1-2Histology of Digestive gland

2

20150521 周四Thursd

5-8 Artery 4 Zhang Ping

PROFESSOR

97

ay


1-3Vein, Lymphatic System

3Zhang Ping

PROFESSOR

12

20150525 MON 1-4

Histology of Respiratory system

2Li Jin-ru

ASSOCIATE

PROFESSORHistology of Urinary system

2

20150526 TUE 1-4

Histology of Respiratory system and Urinary system

4

20150528周四

Thursday

5-7Vascular System

3

20150529 周五 1-3 Visual Organ 3 Yang HuiASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

13

20150601 MON 1-2Histology of Male reproductive system

2 Li Jin-ruASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

20150602 TUE 1-2

Histology of Male reproductive system

2

20150604周四

Thursday

5-7Vestibulocochlear Organ

3 Yang HuiASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR


1-3 Sensory Organ 3

14

20150608 MON 1-2

Histology of Female reproductive system


PROFESSOR

20150609 TUE 1-2 Histology of Female reproductive system

2

98

20150611周四

Thursday

5-8

Introduction of Nervous System,Spinal nerve(1)

4Shi Shu-

juanLECTURER


1-4Spinal verve(2),Cranial Nerve(1)

4Shi Shu-

juanLECTURER

15

20150615 MON 1-3.5 Histology of Skin,Eye and ear 3.5 Li Jin-ru

ASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR Review Quiz

20150616 TUE 1-2Histology of Skin, Eye and ear

2

20150618周四

Thursday

5-8 Cranial Nerve(2), Visceral Nerve

4Shi Shu-

juanLECTURER


1-3Peripheral Nervous System

3

16

20150623周二

Tuesday

1-3 Spinal Cord 3 Jin YingASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

20150625周四

Thursday

5-8 Brain Stem 4 Liu Jin LECTURER


1-3 Cerebellum and Diencephalon

3Zhai Li-

dongASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

17

20150630周二

Tuesday

1-3 Telecephalon 3Wang Qi-

mingASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

20150702周四

Thursday

5-7 Nervous Pathway 3Wang Qi-

mingASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

20150703 周五 1-3The Meninges & Blood Vessels of

3Shao Heng

ASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

99

FridayBrain & Spinal Cord, Cerebrospinal fluid

18

20150707周二

Tuesday

1-4Central Nervous System

3

20150709周四

Thursday

5-7Review for Systematic Anatomy

3Zhang Ping

PROFESSOR

上课地点：西楼 705 ；实验课安排：解剖学实验教室及教师——前四次实验：Room 105(Wang Qi-

ming, Yang Hui); Room 107 (Zhai Li-dong，Li Xin-Le；Jin Ying, Liu Jin（5 月 14 日 5-7 节；5 月28 日 5-7 节）);后四次实验：Room 105(Wang Qi-ming, Li Xin-Le); Room 107 (Yang Hui，Zhai Li-

dong)；组织学实验教师——Liang Yu, Li Jin-ru, Hong Wei, Gao Wei, Hu Zhi-mei, Cui Hong-mei, Lu

Zhi-hong.

2014 级 12-15 学年（2）留学生教学进度表 2 班课程名称：Nomal Human StructureⅠ

项目讲课内容学主讲教师职称实验（实习）学时

100

时数内容数周

次日期星期节次

1 2015.3.13 FRI. 5-7

Introduction to Histology Epithelial tissue(Histology)

3 Liang YuASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

2 2015.3.16 MON 5-7Epithelial tissue (Histology)

3

20150320 FRI. 5-7Connective tissue(Histology)

3 Liang YuASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

3

20150323 MON 5-7Connective tissue (Histology)

3

20150326周四

Thursday 1-3

Introduction of Human Anatomy, the Locomotor System, Osteology & Arthrology

3 Shao HengASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

20150327 FRI.5-6

Cartilage and bone (Histology)

2 Lu Zhi-hong LECTURER

7-8 Blood(Histology) 2 Gao wei LECTURER

4

20150330 MON 5-8Cartilage and bone Blood (Histology)

4

20150401周三

Wednesday

1-3The Bones of Trunk with their Joints


PROFESSOR

20150402周四

Thursday

1-3The Bones of Skull with their Joints


PROFESSOR

20150403 FRI. Holiday5 20150406 MON Holiday

101

20150408周三

Wednesday

1-3

The Bones of Trunk & Skull with their Joints

3

20150409周四

Thursday


4 Yang HuiASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

20150410 FRI. 5-7Muscle tissue(Histology)

2 Cui Hong-mei LECTURER

20150413 MON 5-7Muscle tissue (Histology)

2

6

20150415周三

Wednesday


3

20150416周四

Thursday

1-4 Skeletal Muscles 4 Zhai Li-dongASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

20150417 FRI. 5-8Nerve tissue (Histology)

4 Liang YuASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

20150420 MON 5-8Nerve tissue (Histology)

4

7

20150422周三

Wednesday

1-3Skeletal Muscles

3

20150423周四

Thursday

1-4

Introduction of splanchnology, Alimentary System (1)

4Zhi Jian-

shengLECTURER

20150424 FRI.5-6


2 WangJun-yan PROFESSOR

7-7.5 Review Quiz 1.5 Liang YuASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

820150427 MON 5-6


2

20150429 周三 1-3 Alimentary System (2)

3 Zhi Jian-sheng

LECTURER

102

Wednesday

20150430 THU 5-6Histology of Immune system

2 WangJun-yan PROFESSOR

20150501 FRI. Holiday

9

20150504 MONHistology of Immune system

2

20150506周三

Wednesday

1-4Respiratory System, Pleura

4Zhi Jian-

shengLECTURER

20150507周四

Thursday

1-4Urinary System, Male Genital System

4 Cai Ying LECTURER

20150508 FRI.5-6

Histology of Digestive tract

2 Hu Zhi-mei LECTURER

7-8Histology of Endocrine system

2 Hong Wei PROFESSOR

10 20150511 MON 5-6Histology of Endocrine system

2

20150513周三

Wednesday

1-4

Female Genital System, Peritoneum, Endocrine System

4 Cai Ying LECTURER

20150514周四

Thursday

1-3 Splanchnology 3

20140515 周五 Friday

5-8Introduction of Vascular System,heart

4 Zhang Ping PROFESSOR

1120150518 MON 5-6

Histology of Digestive tract

2

20150520 周三Wednes

1-4 Artery 4 Zhang Ping PROFESSOR

103

day

20150521周四

Thursday

1-3Vein, Lymphatic System


20150522 FRI. 5-6Histology of Digestive gland

2 Hu Zhi-mei LECTURER

12

20150525 MON 5-6Histology of Digestive gland

2

20150527周三

Wednesday

1-3Vascular System

3

20150528周四

Thursday

1-3 Visual Organ 3 Yang HuiASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

20150529 FRI. 5-8

Histology of Respiratory system

2Li Jin-ru

ASSOCIATE

PROFESSORHistology of Urinary system

2

13

20150601 MON 5-8

Histology of Respiratory System and Urinary system

4

20150603周三

Wednesday

1-3Vestibulocochlear Organ

3 Yang HuiASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

20150604周四

Thursday

1-3 Sensory Organ 3

20150605 FRI. 5-8

Histology of Male Reproductive System and Female Reproductive System


PROFESSOR

104

14

20150608 MON 5-8

Histology of Male and Female Reproductive System

4

20150610周三

Wednesday

1-4

Introduction of Nervous System,Spinal nerve(1)

4 Shi Shu-juan LECTURER

20150611周四

Thursday

1-4Spinal verve(2),Cranial Nerve(1)


20150612 FRI. 5-7.5Histology of Skin, Eye and ear

2Li Jin-ru

ASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR Review Quiz 1.5

15

201506015 MON 5-7.5

Histology of Skin, Eye and Ear

2

20150617周三

Wednesday

1-4 Cranial Nerve(2), Visceral Nerve


20150618周四

Thursday

1-3Peripheral Nervous System

3


5-7 Spinal Cord 3 Jin YingASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

16

20150624周三

Wednesday

1-4 Brain Stem 4 Liu Jin LECTURER

20150625周四

Thursday

1-3 Cerebellum and Diencephalon

3 Zhai Li-dongASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

20150626 周五 5-7 Telecephalon 3 Wang Qi-ming

ASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

105

Friday

17

20150701周三

Wednesday

1-3 Nervous Pathway 3Wang Qi-

mingASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

20150702周四

Thursday

1-3

The Meninges & Blood Vessels of Brain & Spinal Cord, Cerebrospinal fluid


PROFESSOR


5-7Central Nervous System

3

18 20150708

周三Wednes

day

1-3Review for Systematic Anatomy


上课地点：西楼 501；实验课安排：系统解剖学实验教室及教师——Room 105(Zhi Jian-

sheng, Cai Ying); Room 107 (Shao Heng, Shi Shu-juan); Room 109 (Jin Ying, Liu Jin；Zhai Li-dong，Li Xin-Le（5 月 14 日 1-3 节；5 月 27 日 1-3 节）)。组织学实验教师——Liang Yu, Li Jin-ru, Hong Wei, Gao Wei, Hu Zhi-mei, Cui Hong-mei, Lu Zhi-hong.

2013 级 14-15 学年（1）留学生教学进度表 1 班课程名称：Nomal Human Structure (II)

理论课：33 学时，实验课：57 学时，合计 90 学时

106

周次日期星期节次讲课内容

学时数

主讲教师职称实验（实习）内容学时数

1 9.3 WED 5-8

Introduction of Regional Anatomy；1st The lower limbThe anterior and Medial Regions of the thigh

1Shao Heng

ASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

1st The lower limbThe anterior and Medial Regions of the thigh 3

1 9.5 FRI 5-82nd The lower limbThe gluteal region 1

Shao Heng

ASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

2nd The lower limbThe gluteal region 3

2 9.10 WED 5-8

3rd The lower limbThe back of thigh and popliteal fossa

1Shi

ShujuanLECTURER


3

2 9.12 FRI 5-84th The lower limbThe leg and the dorsum of foot

1Shi

ShujuanLECTURER

4th The lower limbThe leg and the dorsum of foot

3

3 9.17 WED 5-7Summary of Lower limb 3

Shao Heng

ASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

3 9.19 FRI 5-8

1th The back and the upper limbThe scapular region and the superficial layer of the thorax

1 Cai Ying LECTURER


3

4 9.24 WED 5-82th The upper limbThe axilla 1 Cai Ying LECTURER

2th The upper limbThe axilla 3

4 9.26 FRI 5-8

3th The upper limbThe anterior compartment of the arm and forearm

1 Yang HuiASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR


3

6 10.8 WED 5-84th The upper limbThe back of the upper limb

1 Yang HuiASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

4th The upper limbThe back of the upper limb

3

6 10.10 FRI 5-8

1th The head and the neckThe superficial layer and the lateral region of the neck

1Zhai

LiDong ASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR


3

107

7 10.15 WED 5-8Summary of Upper Limb 4

Zhang Ping

PROFESSOR

7 10.17 FRI 5-8

2th The head and the neckThe sternocleidomastoid and anterior region of the neck

1Zhi

JianshengLECTURER


3

8 10.22 WED 5-8

3th The head and the neckThe anterior region and the root of the neck

1Zhi

JianshengLECTURER


3

8 10.24 FRI 5-8

1th The thoraxThe intercostal spaces, the pleura and the pleural cavity

1Zhang Ping

PROFESSO

R

1th, The thoraxThe intercostal spaces, the pleura and the pleural cavity

3

9 10.29 WED 5-82th The thoraxThe mediastinum 1

Zhang Ping

PROFESSOR2th The thoraxThe mediastinum 3

9 10.31 FRI 5-83th The thorax the heart

1Zhang Ping

PROFESSOR3th The thorax the heart 3

10 11.5 WED 5-7Summary of neck and thorax, Peritoneum 3

Zhi Jiansheng

LECTURER

10 11.7 FRI 5-8

1th The abdomen and the pelvisThe anterior and lateral abdominal wall

1 Liu Jin LECTURER


3

11 11.12 WED 5-8

2th The abdomen and the pelvisThe exploration of the abdomen

1 Jin YingASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR


3

11 11.14 FRI 5-8

3th The abdomen and the pelvisThe supracolic compartment

1 Jin YingASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR


3

12 11.19 WED 5-8

4th The abdomen and the pelvisThe inferiorcoclic compartment

1Wang

QimingASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR


3

108

12 11.21 FRI 5-8

5th The abdomen and the pelvisThe retroperitoneal space and the pelvis

1Zhang Ping

PROFESSO

R


3

13 11.26 WED 5-8Summary of abdoman, Review 4

Zhang Ping

PROFESSO

R

理论课教室：留学生综合楼 101 实验课安排：解剖学实验教室、教师及班级——Room 101(Wang

Qiming, Li XinLe)：Class 1 Group 1, Class 2 Group A; Room 102 (Yang Hui, Zhai Lidong): Class 1 Group 2,

Class 2 Group B; Room 103 (Shao Heng, Shi Shu-juan): Class 1 Group 3, Class 2 Group C; Room 104 (Cai Ying, Zhi Jian-sheng): Class 1 Group 4, Class 2 Group D; Room 105 (Jin Ying, Liu Jin): Class 1 Group 5, Class 2 Group E.

2013 级 14-15 学年（1）留学生教学进度表 2 班课程名称：Nomal Human Structure (II)

理论课：33 学时，实验课：57 学时，合计 90 学时

周次日期星期节次讲课内容

学时数

主讲教师职称实验（实习）内容学时数

1 9.2 TUE 1-4

Introduction of Regional Anatomy；1st The

lower limbThe anterior and Medial Regions of the thigh

1Shao Heng

ASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

1st The lower limbThe anterior and Medial Regions of the thigh 3

1 9.4 THU 5-82nd The lower limbThe gluteal region 1

Shao Heng

ASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

2nd The lower limbThe gluteal region 3

109

2 9.9 TUE 1-4


1Shi

ShujuanLECTURER


3

2 9.11 THU 5-84th The lower limbThe leg and the dorsum of foot

1Shi

ShujuanLECTURER

4th The lower limbThe leg and the dorsum of foot

3

3 9.16 TUE 1-3Summary of Lower limb

3Shao Heng

ASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

3 9.18 THU 5-8


1 Cai Ying LECTURER


3

4 9.23 TUE 1-42th The upper limbThe axilla 1 Cai Ying LECTURER

2th The upper limbThe axilla 3

4 9.25 THU 5-8


1 Yang HuiASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR


3

4 9.28 SUN 5-84th The upper limbThe back of the upper limb

1 Yang HuiASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR

4th The upper limbThe back of the upper limb

3

5 9.30 TUE 1-4


1Zhai

LiDongASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR


3

6 10.9 THU 5-8

Summary of Upper Limb 4

Zhang Ping

PROFESSOR

7 10.14 TUE 1-4


1Zhi

JianshengLECTURER


3

7 10.16 THU 5-8


1Zhi

JianshengLECTURER


3

8 10.21 TUE 1-4 1th The thorax 1 Zhang PROFESSOR 2th The thorax 3

110

The intercostal spaces, the pleura and the pleural cavity

PingThe mediastinum

8 10.23 THU 5-82th The thoraxThe mediastinum 1

Zhang Ping

PROFESSOR2th The thoraxThe mediastinum 3

9 10.28 TUE 1-43th The thorax the heart

1Zhang Ping

PROFESSOR3th The thorax the heart 3

9 10.30 THU 5-7Summary of neck and thorax, Peritoneum 3

Zhi Jiansheng

LECTURER

10 11.4 TUE 1-4


1 Liu Jin LECTURER


3

10 11.6 THU 5-8


1 Jin YingASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR


3

11 11.11 TUE 1-4


1 Jin YingASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR


3

11 11.13 THU 5-8


1Wang

QimingASSOCIATE

PROFESSOR


3

12 11.18 TUE 1-4


1Zhang Ping

PROFESSOR


3

12 11.20 THU 5-8Summary of abdoman, Review 4

Zhang Ping

PROFESSOR

理论课教室：留学生综合楼 202 实验课安排：解剖学实验教室、教师及班级——Room 101(Wang

Qiming, Li XinLe)：Class 1 Group 1, Class 2 Group A; Room 102 (Yang Hui, Zhai Lidong):

Class 1 Group 2, Class 2 Group B; Room 103 (Shao Heng, Shi Shu-juan): Class 1 Group 3, Class 2 Group C; Room 104 (Cai Ying, Zhi Jian-sheng): Class 1 Group 4, Class 2 Group D; Room 105 (Jin Ying, Liu Jin): Class 1 Group 5, Class 2 Group E.

111

装订线


8.教案书写要求国际学院关于规范留学生教学教案书写要求

为了进一步规范从事留学生教学教师的教案，现将该教案（讲稿）的书写要求建议如

下:

一、教案（讲稿）是教师本人编写制定的处理教材与组织课堂教学的课程教学方案。一

门课程的教案（讲稿）应包括课程、章节及一次授课三个层面的教学内容、教学基本要求、

教学手段、教学方法设计，主要解决教什么、怎么教的问题。教案（讲稿）的教学内容要严

格按教学大纲编写，并根据社会发展及对人才培养的新要求及时增加和补充前沿内容。二、就一次课而言，教案（讲稿）的内容原则上应包括本次课的教学目的和教学要求、

教学内容、教材分析、时间安排、作业布置、教学后记等方面。其中，教学目的和教学要求是

课堂教学活动围绕的中心和力求达到的目标；教学内容是教案（讲稿）的主体，要按引入

新课、讲授、总结与巩固三方面详细设计；教材分析则要找出本次课的重、难点及关键，并

确立突出重点、克服难点、抓住关键的方案；时间安排要求教师在有效的时间内，根据教学

内容合理安排好教学时间；作业布置一项，要求教师在课毕进行归纳小结，并适当布置预

112

装订线


习和复习作业，为下一轮的讲课做好铺垫工作；教学后记是教案（讲稿）执行情况的经验

总结，目的在于改进和调整教案（讲稿），为下一轮课讲授设计更加良好的教学方案。三、教案（讲稿）设计的详细与否，可因人而异，一般来说，年轻教师的教案（讲

稿）、第一次开课教师的教案（讲稿）必须详细写，同时应该有相应的电子教案（讲稿）。国际医学院

二 00八年十二月十九日

9.授课教案

天津医科大学国际学院

113

装订线


留学生教学教案

课程名称： SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY (THEORY)

天津医科大学国际学院制

天津医科大学国际学院教案与讲稿Teaching Plan for International Students, TMU

Title of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: Introduction of the locomotor system, Osteology

and Arthrology Teacher’s Name: Prof. Title:

114

Class： Grade: Department: Dept. of anatomy

Time ： Date （ D/M/Y ）：

Teaching Objectives ;

Teaching Requirements

Understand the conception of Human Anatomy and anatomical position, terms of direction, axis and planes. Master the shape and classification of bones with examples. Understand structure and functions of Bones. Understand chemical composition and physical properties of Bones.Understand the classification of joints. Grasp the essential structures and the accessory structures of the synovial joints. Understand the classification of the joint and the joint movements.

Teaching Content

Master the conception of Human Anatomy. Understand anatomical position, terms of direction, axis and planes. Master the composition and the function of the locomotor system.Understand the shape and classification of bones with examples and structure and functions of Bones. Understand chemical composition and physical properties of Bones.Understand the classification of joints. Master the essential structures and the accessory structures of the synovial joints. Know the classification of the joint and the joint movements.

Teaching Focus;

Difficult Problems and their Solutions

Identify terms of direction, axis and planes.Understand structure and functions of bones. Understand and master the classification of Joints and the structure (essential and accessory strctures)of the synovial joint and the joint movements.

Time Allotment

The General Description (65 minutes); The General Description of the Osteology (65 minutes); The General Description of Joints (70 minutes).

Assignment Summarize the shape and classification of bones with examples. Write out the structures of bones. Summarize the essential structures and the accessory structures of the synovial joints.

Postscript Understand terms of direction, axis and planes, structure and functions of bones, essential and accessory structures of synovial joint and the joint movements.

Memo 1. Wu Kaiyun, Xu Fei. Systematic Anatomy. World Publishing Copporation 2011,first edition2. Fang Xiubin, Hu Haitao. Human Anatomy. 20023. Richard S. Snell. Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 20004. Peter L. Williams. Gray’s Anatomy (38 edition). CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE. 1995


Title of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: The bones of Trunk and its joint

115

Teacher’s Name: Prof. Title:





Master the composition of the bones of trunk. Grasp the features of the vertebrae and the main characteristics of vertebrae in each region (include the sacrum and the coccyx). Master the sternum and the ribs.Master the joints of the vertebral column. Understand the intervertebral disc, the atlantooccipital joint and atlantoaxial joint. Master the features of the spinal column. Master the joints and movements of the ribs and the thoracic vertebrae. Master the composition, the feature of the thoracic cage and the movements.

Teaching Content

Master the composition of the bones of trunk. Grasp the common features of the general shapes of the vertebrae and the main characteristics of vertebrae in each region (include the sacrum and the coccyx). The shapes of the sternum and the ribs. Sternal angle and its clinical meaning. Master the joints of the vertebral column. Understand the structures and the functions of the intervertebral disc, the atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial joints. Master the structures of the spinal column, the physiological curvatures and the functions of the spinal column. Master the structures of the intervertebral foramina and the verebral canal. Master the joints and movements of the ribs and the thoracic vertebrae. Master the composition, movement of the thoracic cage.

Teaching Focus;


The main characteristics of vertebrae in each region. (cervical, thoracic, lumbar)The joints of the vertebral column: The joints of the vertebral bodes and the joints of the vertebral arches.The structures of the intervertebral foramina and the verebral canal.

Time Allotment

Detailed introduction of the bones of trunk (75 minutes);The Joints of the Bones of Trunk (75 minutes).

Assignment Summarize the composition of the trunk bones and vertebrae.Explain the sternal angle, sacral cornu and clinical meanings. Summarize the connections of the vertebrae. The 4 physiological curvatures of the spinal column.

Postscript Pay attention to the main characteristics of vertebrae in each region. Understand the joints of the vertebral column.



Title of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: The skull and its joints

116



Time： Date（D/M/Y）：



Master the composition of the skull. Master the names and the situations of the separate cerebral cranium and the facial cranium. Know well different view of the skull and characteristics of the skull at birth. Master the structures of the internal surface of the base of skull. Understanding the infratemporal fossa, the pterygopalatine fossa, the orbit and the bony nasal cavity. Master the paranasal sinuses. Understand the suture of the skull. Master the structure, characteristics and movements of the temporomandibular joint (TM joint).

Teaching Content

The bony composition of the skull. The names and the situations of the separate cerebral cranium and the facial cranium. The detailed feature of the following bones: ethmoid, temporal, sphenoid, occipital, maxilla and mandible. The characteristics of the skull at birth. Different views of the skull. The names and locations of the important openings (canals fissures) transmitting the nerves and blood vessels in the base of the skull. The situations, features, and the openings of paranasal sinuses.Understand the suture of the skull. Master the structure, structural characteristics and movements of the TM joint.

Teaching Focus;


The detailed positions and the feature of the following bones: ethmoid, temporal, sphenoid, occipital, maxilla and mandible. Main fissures and openings of the internal surface of the base of skull.The emphasis is to understand the infratemporal fossa, the pterygopalatine fossa, the orbit and the bony nasal cavity.

Time Allotment

The separate bones of the Skull (75 minutes); The Skull as a whole (75 minutes); The Joints of the Bones of the Skull (50 minutes)

Assignment Summarize the names and locations, contents of the important openings transmitting the nerves and vessels on the base of the skull. The pterion and its clinical meanings. The situations and the openings of paranasal sinuses. The bony composition and characteristics of the temporomandibular joint (TM joint).

Postscript Pay attention to the openings and fissures transmitting the nerves and blood vessels on the base of the skull.



117

Title of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: The bones of upper limb and its joints Teacher’s

Name: Prof. Title:





Master the composition of the upper limb. Master the feature and structure of the following bones: clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius and ulna, the bones of the hand. Master the arrange order of the carpal bones. Master the composition, structural characteristics, functions and movements of the shoulder joint, the elbow joint, the joints between ulna and radius, the wrist joint (radiocarpal joint) and the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. Understand the movement of the metacarpalphalangeal joint and the interphalangeal joint of hand.

Teaching Content

The composition of the upper limb bones. The feature and structure of the following bones: clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius and ulna, the bones of the hand (the carpal bones, the metacarpal bones and the phalanges). The arrange order of the carpal bones.The composition, structural characteristics and the functions and movements of the shoulder joint, the elbow joint, the joints between ulna and radius, the wrist joint and the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. Know the movement of the metacarpalphalangeal joint and the interphalangeal joint of hand.

Teaching Focus;


The feature and structure of the following bones: clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius and ulna, the bones of the hand. The arrange order of the carpal bones. The composition, structural characteristics, functions and movements of the shoulder joint, the elbow joint, the joints between ulna and radius, the wrist joint and the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.

Time Allotment

The Bones of Upper Limb 75 minutes; The joints of upper limb 75 minutes

Assignment Summarize the composition, structural characteristics, functions of the shoulder joint, the elbow joint, the wrist joint and the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.

Postscript Pay attention to understanding the special structure on the bones surface of the upper limb. Understand the joints of the upper limb.



118

Title of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: The bones of lower limb and its joints






Master the composition of the lower limb. Master the important structures of hip bone, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones. Master arrange order of the tarsal bones.Grasp the composition of the pelvis. Master the inlet and outlet of the lesser pelvis. Understand the main differences between the male and female pelvis. Master the joints of lower limb: the pubic symphysis, the sacroiliac joint, hip joint, knee joint, ankle joint. Understand the features of the arches of foot.

Teaching Content

The composition of the lower limb. The features and structures of the following bones: hip bone (ilium, ischium, pubis), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones. The arrange order of the tarsal bones.The composition of the pelvis, the conceptions of the greater pelvis, the lesser pelvis (included the inlet and the outlet). The main differences between the male and female pelvis. The joints of pelvis: the pubic symphysis, the sacroiliac joint, the sacrotuberous and the sacrospinous ligaments. The shapes, compositions and movements of the following joints: hip joint, knee joint, ankle joint (talocrural joint), the transverse tarsal joint (chopart’s joint). The movement of the intermetatarsal joints. The structures and functions of the arches of foot.

Teaching Focus;


The features and structures of the following bones: hip bone (ilium, ischium, pubis), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones. Master the arrange order of the tarsal bones. The composition of the pelvis and the conceptions of the greater pelvis, the lesser pelvis. The shapes, compositions, features and movements of the following joints: hip joint, knee joint, ankle joint.The structures and functions of the arches of foot.

Time Allotment

The bones of lower limb 75 minutesThe joints of lower limb 75 minutes

Assignment Summarize the composition of pelvis and inlet, outlet of the lesser pelvis. Summarize the composition, features and movements of the following joints: hip joint, knee joint, ankle joint (talocrural joint).

Postscript Pay attention to understanding the special structure on the bones surface of the lower limb. Understand the pelvis features.



119

Title of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: Introduction of the mycology , muscles of the head

and the trunk Teacher’s Name: Prof. Title:

Class： Grade: Department: Dept. of Anatomy




Master the shape and supplementary structures of skeletal muscles. Know well the facial muscles. Master the names and actions of masticatory muscles. Know well the muscle groups of neck. Esp. the sternocleidomastoid. Master the situations and actions of the muscle of back and thorax. Understand the thoracolumbar fascia. Master the diaphragm and names, location level and transmitting structures of the openings of the diaphragm. Master the names and the actions of the muscles of abdomen. Understand the sheath of rectus abdominis, inguinal ligament and linea alba.

Teaching Content

The shape of skeletal muscle. The supplementary structures of muscles. The situations and actions of the facial muscles. The names and actions of the masticatory muscles. The muscle groups of neck (notice the sternoleidomastoid).The situations, morphological characteristics and actions of the main muscles of the back and the thorax. For example, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, pectoralis major, serratus anterior. Know the thoracolumbar fascia.The Diaphragm: position, origins and insertions, actions. The names, the locations and the transmitting structures of the 3 openings of the diaphragm.The names and the actions of the muscles of abdomen. The characteristics of the sheath of rectus abdominis, inguinal ligament and linea alba.

Teaching Focus;


Identify the origin and insertion, actions of skeletal muscle. The supplementary structures of muscles.The actions of the masticatory muscles.Emphasis is the position, structural characteristics, origins and insertions, actions of the diaphragm. The names, the locations and the transmitting structures of the 3 openings of the diaphragm.

Time Allotment

The General Description of the Myology (40 minutes); The Muscles of Head and Neck (35 minutes); The Muscles of Trunk (75 minutes)

Assignment The supplementary structures of skeletal muscles. The names and actions of the masticatory muscles. The names, locations and transmitting structures of 3 openings of the diaphragm.

Postscript Pay attention to understand the diaphragm, the masticatory muscles.Memo 1. Wu Kaiyun, Xu Fei. Systematic Anatomy. World Publishing Copporation 2011,first edition

2. Fang Xiubin, Hu Haitao. Human Anatomy. 20023. Richard S. Snell. Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 20004. Peter L. Williams. Gray’s Anatomy (38 edition). CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE. 1995

天津医科大学国际学院教案与讲稿

120

Teaching Plan for International Students, TMUTitle of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: Muscles of upper limb and lower limb






1. The Muscles of Upper LimbMaster the situations and actions of the 6 muscles of shoulder. Master the names, the situations and the actions of the muscles of arm. Understand the names, the layers, the situations and the actions of the anterior group of the muscles of forearm. Understand the layers, ranges and the actions of the posterior group of the muscles of forearm.Understand the names, the groups, situations and the action of the muscles of hand. Master the muscles of different actions of the shoulder, the elbow, the wrist joints.2. The Muscles of Lower LimbUnderstand the names, the situations, morphological characteristics and the actions of the hip muscles. Master the names, the situations, morphological characteristics and the actions of the muscles of thigh. Master the names, the situations, the actions of the muscles of leg. Understand the names, the groups and the main actions of the muscles of foot. Master the muscles of different actions of the hip, the knee and the ankle joints.

Teaching Content

1. Muscles of Upper LimbThe situations and actions of the 6 muscles of shoulder (the daltoid, the supraspinatus, the infraspinatus, the teres minor, the teres major and the subscapularis). The names, the situations, origins, insertions and the actions of the muscles of arm (the biceps brachii, the coracobrachialis, the brachialis, the triceps brachii). The names, the situations, origins and insertions and the actions of the anterior group of the muscles of forearm: the brachioradialis, the pronator teres, the flexor carpi radialis, the palmaris longus, the flexor capi ulnaris, the flexor digitorum superficialis, the flexor pollicis longus, the flexor digitorum profundus, the pronator quadratus. The layers, ranges and the actions of the posterior group of the muscles of forearm (the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, the extensor digitorum, the extensor digiti minimi, the extensor carpi ulnaris, the supinator, the abdoctor pollicis longus, the extensor polis brevis and longus, the extensor indicis). The names, the groups, situations and the action of the muscles of hand. The muscles of different actions of the shoulder, the elbow, the wrist joints.2. The Muscles of Lower LimbThe names, the situations, morphological characteristics, origins and insertions and the actions of the following hip muscles (the iliopsoas, the gluteus maximus, the gluteus medius and minimus, the piriformis). The names, the situations, origins and insertions, morphological characteristics and the actions of the muscles of thigh (the sartorius, the quadriceps femoris, the adductor longus and brevis, the adductor magnus, the gracilis, the biceps femoris, the semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus). The names, the situations, origins and insertions and the actions of the muscles of leg (the tibialis anterior, the extensor digitorum longus, the

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extensor hallucis longus, the peroneus longus and brevis, the gastrocnemius, the soleus, the flexor hallucis longus, the tibialis posterior, the flexor digitorum longus). The names, the groups and the main actions of the muscles of foot. The muscles of different actions of the hip, the knee and the ankle joints.

Teaching Focus;


The situations and actions of the 6 muscles of shoulder. The muscle layers and relationship, the actions of the arm and forarm.The groups, situations and the action of the muscles of hand.The situations, morphological characteristics and the actions of the hip muscles. The situations, morphological characteristics and the actions of the muscles of thigh and leg.

Time Allotment

The Muscles of Upper Limb 100minutesThe Muscles of Lower Limb 100minutes

Assignment The muscle layers and relationship, the actions of the arm and forarm.The groups, situations of the muscles of hand.The situations, morphological characteristics and the actions of the muscles of thigh and leg. The muscles of different actions of the shoulder, the elbow, the wrist, the hip, the knee and the ankle joints.

Postscript Pay attention to understand the muscles of Upper Limb and Lower Limb


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Teaching Plan for International Students, TMUTitle of the Course： systematic anatomy Chapter: Alimentary System (1)



Time ：： 00 --- ： 00 Date （ D/M/Y ）：



Understand the common reference lines of the thorax and the abdominal regions. The viscera can be arranged in 4 systems. The main function of every system. Master the position, composition, relations, important constrictions of the alimentary canal: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach.

Teaching Content

1. the common reference lines of the thorax and the abdominal regions.2. Master the shapes and the structures of the teeth.3. Master the shape of the tongue, the papillae of tongue.4. Master the duct opening of the salivary glands .5.Grasp the origin, insertion, shape, situation and main neighbors of the esophagus, the situation and clinic meaning of the 3 constrictions.6. Grasp the situation, shape and parts and the important relations of stomach.

Teaching Focus;


1.the shapes and the structures of the teeth. the papillae of tongue. the duct opening of the salivary glands .2.the pharynx may be divided into 3parts. Understand the situation of the pharyngeal tonsilar ring.3. the situation and clinic meaning of the 3 constrictions.4. the situation, shape and parts of stomach. Grasp the relations of stomach.

Time Allotment

1. intruduction.(30minutes)2. the teeth, the tongue, the papillae of tongue. the salivary glands (60minutes).3. the pharynx . the pharyngeal tonsilar ring. (50minutes)4. the esophagus, stomach. (60minutes)

Assignment the structures of the teeth. the action of the mucous membrane and the papillae of tongue. the duct opening of the salivary glands. the pharynx ,the pharyngeal tonsilar ring. situation and clinic meaning of the 3 constrictions of the esophagus, the situation, shape and parts of stomach.

Postscript situation and clinic meaning of the 3 constrictions of the esophagus, the situation, shape and parts of stomach.

Memo 1. Wu Kaiyun, Xu Fei. Systematic Anatomy. World Publishing Copporation 2011,first edition2. Fang Xiubin, Hu Haitao. Human Anatomy. 2002

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3. Richard S. Snell. Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 20004. Peter L. Williams. Gray’s Anatomy (38 edition). CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE. 1995


Title of the Course： systematic anatomy Chapter: Alimentary System (2)



Time ：： 00 --- ： 00 Date （ D/M/Y ）：



Master the position, composition, relations, important constrictions of the alimentary canal: small intestine and large intestine. Master the feature, situation and relations of liver. Master the biliary ducts (construction, opening and its running course).

Teaching Content

1. Master the characteristics of the mucous membrane of jejunum and ileum. Master the conception of the Treitz ligament 2.the parts of large intestine, the morphological characteristics of cecum and colon. 3. Grasp the situation, feature and construction of cecum and vermiform appendix, the surface projection marking for the appendicular base. 4. Master the feature of the anal canal. 5. Master the feature and construction of liver, the situation and relations of liver, the lobes and segments of liver. 6. Master the situation and the feature of the gallbladder, the surface projection marking of the base of gallbladder. Master the biliary ducts (construction, opening and its running course).

Teaching Focus;


1. the Treitz ligament. the morphological characteristics of cecum and colon.2. the parts of large intestine, surface projection of the appendicular base.3. the feature and construction of liver, the situation and relations of liver4.. combined with clinical contact: the situation and the feature of the gallbladder, the surface projection marking of the base of gallbladder. the biliary ducts (construction, opening and its running course).

Time Allotment

1. jejunum and ileum. large intestine, cecum and vermiform appendix, rectum, the anal canal. (100minutes)2. liver, the gallbladder, pancreas. the biliary ducts (100minutes)

Assignment 1. the morphological characteristics of cecum and colon.2. the surface projection marking for the appendicular base.3. the surface projection marking of the base of gallbladder. the biliary ducts (construction, opening and its running course)

Postscript Master the feature , the situation ,relations, the lobes and segments of liver.


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Title of the Course： systematic anatomy Chapter: Respiratory System



Time ：： 00 --- ： 00 Date （ D/M/Y ）：



Master the constructions and the functions of the respiratory system. Master the features, constructions, functions, main characteristics of the nose, the pharynx, the larynx, trachea and principle bronchi, lung. Master the portions and the situations of pleurae. Master the pleural cavity and the recesses. Master the projection of the inferior margins of lung and pleurae, the apex of lung and the cupula of pleura. Understandthe construction and the parts of mediastinum.

Teaching Content

1. Master the constructions and the functions of the respiratory system, the composition of the upper and lower respiratory tract. 2. Master the functions of the nasal cavity, the portions and the functions of the nasal mucous membrane. Master the openings of paranasal sinuses.3.Master the situation, the cartilages and their joints of larynx and the main body surface marks.4. Understand the features and the portions of the larygeal cavity in the living body. 5. Master the morphological differences and clinical meaning between the right and lefe principal bronchi.6. Master the feature, situation of the lungs, the hilum and root of lungs.7. Master the portions and the situations of pleurae. Master the pleural cavity and the recesses (construction and situations).8. Master the projection of the inferior margins of lung and pleurae, the apex of lung and the cupula of pleura. 9. Understand the construction and the parts of mediastinum.

Teaching Focus;


Give a demonstrate: the situation, the cartilages and their joints of larynx and the main body surface marks.the morphological differences and clinical meaning between the right and lefe principal bronchi.Master the portions and the situations of pleurae. Master the pleural cavity and the recesses

Time Allotment

1. the upper respirator canal (1.5h) 2. the lower respirator canal (1.5h)3. the lung ,pleurae(1h)

Assignment 1. the openings of paranasal sinuses.2. the feature ,hilum and root of the lungs. Postscript the morphological differences and clinical meaning between the right and lefe

principal bronchi.Memo 1. Wu Kaiyun, Xu Fei. Systematic Anatomy. World Publishing Copporation

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2011,first edition2. Fang Xiubin, Hu Haitao. Human Anatomy. 20023. Richard S. Snell. Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 20004. Peter L. Williams. Gray’s Anatomy (38 edition). CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE. 1995


Title of the Course：Systematic Anatomy Chapter: Urinary System, Male Genital System


Class： Grade: Department: Dept. f anatomy


Teaching Objectives; Teaching Requirements

Master the composition and the function of the urinary system. Master the features, the location and the main relations of kidneys, urinary bladder. the parts and the constructions of ureters.. Master the composition and the function of the male reproductive system. Master the shape, structures and the functions of testis, scrotum, The tunica vaginalis of testis and the cavity of tunica vaginalis. The parts, the structural characteristics of penis.

Teaching Content

Master the composition and the function of the urinary system. Master the features, the location and the main relations and the coverings of kidneys. Master the parts and the constructions of ureters. Master the features, location and relations of urinary bladder and clinical meaning of the trigone of bladder. Master the relation and clinical meaning between the urinary bladder and peritoneum. The characteristics, the portions of ductus deferens and the portion of vasectomy. The formation and the opening of ejaculatory duct. The organization, location and the coverings of spermatic cord. The features and structures, the lobes, location and the relations of prostate.

Teaching Focus; Difficult Problems and their Solutions

the location and the main relations and the coverings of kidneys and clinical meaning . Master the shape, structures and the functions of testis.

Time Allotment

Urinary system 1 hour Male genital system 2 hours

Assignment 1. definition: renal column, renal hilum, renal pedicle2. the relation and clinical meaning between the urinary bladder and peritoneum.

Postscript Master the location and clinical meaning of the trigone of bladder.

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Memo 1. Wu Kaiyun, Xu Fei. Systematic Anatomy. World Publishing Copporation 2011,first edition2. Fang Xiubin, Hu Haitao. Human Anatomy. 20023. Richard S. Snell. Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 20004. Peter L. Williams. Gray’s Anatomy (38 edition). CHURCHILL

LIVINGSTONE. 1995


Teaching Plan for International Students, TMUTitle of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: Female genital system




Teaching Objectives Teaching Requirements

Master the situation, features and constructions and the functions of ovaries, uterine tube and uterus, vagina. Master the portions and clinical meaning of uterine tubes. Master the structures of the supports of uterus. Understand the structures of the external genital organs of female. Understand the location, the features and the structures of mammae and perineum.

Teaching Content

Master the situation, features and constructions and the functions of ovaries, uterine tube and uterus, vagina. Master the place where the ligation of the uterine tube is performed, where the fertilization usually occurs. Master the structures of the supports of uterus. Master the features, the neighbors, the position of the vagina. Master the composition of the external genital organs of female. the location and the place of the openings of external orifice of urethra, vaginal orifice and orifice of greater vestibular glands. Master the location, the features and the structures of mammae.


Master the situation, the opening and the portions of uterine tubes. Master the place where the ligation of the uterine tube is performed, where the fertilization usually occurs. Master the feature, the parts, the position and relations of uterus.

Time Allotment the internal reproductive organ : 3 hoursthe external reproductive organ :1 hour

Assignment 1. Master the portions and clinical meaning of uterine tubes. 2.Master the structures of the supports of uterus.

2.Postscript the situation, the portions and the clinical important of uterus.

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Title of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: Peritoneum and endocrine system




Teaching Objectives ; Teaching Requirements

Master the peritoneum, the relation of the parietal peritoneum and the viscera, the peritoneal cavity. Master the structures, the portions of lesser and greater omenta and omental bursa. Master the clinical meanings of rectovesical and rectouterine pouches. Understand the composition, structural features and the functions of the endocrine system. The thyroid gland. parathyroid glands. hypophysis. pineal body. thymus.

Teaching Content

The description: the parietal and viscera peritoneum. The relationship and the clinical meaning between viscera and peritoneum. The forming structures and clinical meanings of the lesser and greater omenta. omental bursa, the rectovesical and rectouterine pouches. The locations of hepatorenal recess. The composition, structural features and the functions of the endocrine system. The location, relations, features and functions of hypophysis, thymus, pineal body and pancreatic islets. The situation, features, relations, coverings, blood supply and the functions of thyroid gland. The locations and functions of parathyroid glands. The features, situation, relations, blood supply and functions of suprarenal gland.


Master the peritoneum, the relation of the parietal peritoneum and the viscera, the conception of peritoneal cavity.Master the relationship and the clinical meaning between viscera and peritoneum: categorized into 3 groups. Understand the locations of peritoneal recesses and pouches.

Time Allotment The peritoneum: 2 hours The endocrine system: 1 hours

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Assignment the features, relations, blood supply of. thyroid gland and suprarenal gland.Postscript the relations, blood supply of thyroid gland and their clinical meanings.



Title of the Course：Systematic Anatomy Chapter: Introduction of Vascular System, The heart






1. Introduction Master the composition of the angiology. Understand the main function of the angiology.2. The Cardiovascular System(1) The General DescriptionMaster the composition of the cardiovascular system.Understand the conceptions, functions of the vascular anastomosis, the collateral circulation and the minor circulation.Master the route of the blood circulation (systemic and pulmonary circulation).(2) The Heart① Master the location, external features of the heart and the morphological structure of every cardiac chamber.② Understand the structures (the fibrous skeleton, wall and septum) of the heart.③Master the structural characteristics of the interatrial and interventricular septa.④Master the locations, structural and functional characteristics of the conductin system of the heart.⑤Master the vessels of the heart (include the origins, running courses, branches and their distributions).⑥Master the structural characteristics of the pericardium, the locations and the clinical meaning of the transverse and oblique sinuses.⑦Master the body surface projection of the heart. Understand the body surface projection, the listening parts of the valves of the heart.

Teaching Content

1. Introduction(1) Angiology includes the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system.(2) The main function of angiology.2. The Cardiovascular System(1) The General Description

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The composition of the cardiovascular system. The functions of heart. The conception, the morphological structures and the functions of artery, vein and capillary, and their general arrangement. The conceptions, functions of the vascular anastomosis, the collateral circulation and the minor circulation. The route of the blood circulation (systemic and pulmonary circulation).(2) The HeartThe location, external features of the heart and the morphological structure of every cardiac chamber.①The parts, openings (entrances, exit) of right atrium, and the structures in the interatrial septum.②The parts, the entrance and exit, the valves in the openings of right ventricle. The organization and the function, structural characteristics of tricuspid valve complex. ③The openings (entrances, exit) of left atrium.④ The parts, entrance and exit, the valves in the openings of left ventricle. The organization, function, structural characteristics of the bicuspid valve complex.The structures (the fibrous skeleton, wall and septum) of the heart.The structural characteristics of the interatrial and interventricular septa.The locations, structural and functional characteristics of the conductin system of the heart.The vessels of the heart (include the origins, running courses, branches and their distributions).The structural characteristics of the pericardium, the locations and the clinical meaning of the transverse and oblique sinuses.The body surface projection of the heart. Understand the body surface projection, the listening parts of the valves of the heart.

Teaching Focus;


Master the route of the blood circulation (systemic and pulmonary circulation).Master the location, external features of the heart and the morphological structure of every cardiac chamber.the structures (the fibrous skeleton, wall and septum) of the heart.the locations, structural and functional characteristics of the conductin system of the heart.The vessels of the heart and it’s clinical correlates.the locations and the clinical meaning of the transverse and oblique sinuses.

Time Allotment

1. Introduction 20minutes2. The Cardiovascular System 20 minutes3.The heart: the location, external features 20 minutes; The parts, entrance and exit, the valves in the openings of of every cardiac chamber. 40minutes; the conductin system 30 minutes, the vessels of the heart of the heart. 40 minutes; The structural characteristics of the pericardium, the clinical meaning of the transverse and oblique sinuses. The body surface projection of the heart. 30 minutes

Assignment Master the route of the blood circulation (systemic and pulmonary circulation).Master the location, external features of the heart and the morphological structure of every cardiac chamber.

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the locations, structural and functional characteristics of the conductin system of the heart.The vessels of the heart and it’s clinical correlates.the locations and the clinical meaning of the transverse and oblique sinuses

Postscript Combined with the Clinical associated learning the blood vessels and the valves of the heart



Teaching Plan for International Students, TMUTitle of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: The artery






Master the courses of the pulmonary artery.② Master the origin and insertion, course, parts and their branches of the aorta.③ Master the names and their main course of the branches of external carotid artery.④ Master the branches and their distribution of the subclavian artery and the main arteries of the upper limb. ⑤ Master the names, the main course and their distribution of the subdivisions of abdominal aorta.⑥ Understand the arteries of pelvis.⑦ Master the main arteries of the lower limb.

Teaching Content

The courses of the pulmonary artery: the left and the right pulmonary arteries. The location of the arterial ligament. The clinical meaning when the arterial ligament is not close.Taster the origin and insertion, course, parts and their branches of the aorta.The names and their main course of the branches of external carotid artery.The branches and their distribution of the subclavian artery and the main arteries of the upper limb. The compositions and the locations of the superficial palmar arch and the deep superficial palmar arch.The names, the main course and their distribution of the subdivisions of

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abdominal aorta.The arteries of pelvis.The main arteries of the lower limb.Master the place where the pulse can be palpable of the following arteries: the common carotid artery, the superficial temporal artery, the subclavian artery, the brachial artery, the radial artery, the facial artery, the femoral artery, the dorsal artery of foot.

Teaching Focus;


The origin and insertion, course, parts and their branches of the aorta.The names and their branches of external carotid artery.The names, the main course and their distribution of the subdivisions of abdominal aorta.Combined with the Clinical correlates, summary the blood supply of the important organs: stomach, thyroid gland, hand, suprarenal gland.

Time Allotment

the pulmonary artery 10minutesThe arteries 190minutes

Assignment

the arterial ligamentbranches of the aortathe branches of external carotid arteryThe compositions of the superficial palmar arch and the deep superficial palmar archThe names distribution of the subdivisions of abdominal aortaSummary the blood supply of the important organs: stomach, thyroid gland, hand, suprarenal gland.

Postscript Combined with the Clinical correlates, summary the blood supply of the important organs: stomach, thyroid gland, hand, suprarenal gland.

Memo1. Wu Kaiyun, Xu Fei. Systematic Anatomy. World Publishing Copporation 2011,first edition2. Fang Xiubin, Hu Haitao. Human Anatomy. 20023. Richard S. Snell. Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 20004. Peter L. Williams. Gray’s Anatomy (38 edition). CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE. 1995

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Teaching Plan for International Students, TMUTitle of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: The vein






Understand the structural characteristics of veins. Understand several special veins (sinuses of dura mater, deploic vein, emissary vein)Master the compositions, the courses and their tributaries of the superior vena cava. Master the origin and insertion, the course and collection of the internal jugular vein. Master the names and courses of the superficial veins of upper limb and lower limb.Understand the other veins of head and neck, thoracic wall and upper limb and lower limb. Master the direct tributaries of the inferior vena cava. Master the organization, course and tributaries of the hepatic portal vein. Master the anastomoses between the hepatic portal venous system and vena cava system, and their clinical importance.

Teaching Content

The structural characteristics of veins and several special veins.The compositions, the courses and their tributaries of the superior vena cava and the brachiocephalic vein, the formation of venous angle. The origin and insertion, the course and collection of the internal jugular vein. The structural characteristics and the anastomosis of the facial vein. The

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communicating course of the extracranial and intracranial veins. The names and courses of the superficial veins of upper limb and lower limb.Understand the other veins of head and neck, thoracic wall and upper limb and lower limb. Master the direct tributaries of the inferior vena cava. Master the organization, course and tributaries of the hepatic portal vein. Master the anastomoses between the hepatic portal venous system and vena cava system, and their clinical importance.

Teaching Focus;


the formation of venous angle. The origin and insertion, the course and collection of the internal jugular vein.The names and courses of the superficial veins of upper limb and lower limb.the organization, course and tributaries of the hepatic portal vein. Master the anastomoses between the hepatic portal venous system and vena cava system, and their clinical importance.

Time Allotment

The structural characteristics of veins 10 minutesthe superior vena cava 80 minutesthe inferior vena cava. 110 minutes

Assignment

the formation of venous angle. The origin and insertion, the course and collection of the internal jugular vein.The names and courses of the superficial veins of upper limb and lower limb.the organization, course and tributaries of the hepatic portal vein. the anastomoses between the hepatic portal venous system and vena cava system, and their clinical importance.

Postscript

The names, courses and their clinical importance of the superficial veins of upper limb and lower limb..the organization and tributaries of the hepatic portal vein. the anastomoses between the hepatic portal venous system and vena cava system and their clinical importance

Memo1. Wu Kaiyun, Xu Fei. Systematic Anatomy. World Publishing Copporation 2011,first edition2. Fang Xiubin, Hu Haitao. Human Anatomy. 20023. Richard S. Snell. Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2000

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4. Peter L. Williams. Gray’s Anatomy (38 edition). CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE. 1995


Teaching Plan for International Students, TMUTitle of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: The lymphatic system






The General Description: understand the organization，structural characteristics and functions of lymphatic system.The Lymphatic Ducts: Master the origin, course and drainage of thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct.The Lymph Nodes and Lymphatic Drainage: master the distribution of main lymph node groups of the head and neck. Master efferent and afferent of every lymph node groups. Understand the formation and receiving range of jugular trunk.The Spleen: the position, feature characteristics and the body surface projection of spleen.

(1) The General DescriptionThe organization，structural characteristics and functions of lymphatic system.(2) The Lymphatic DuctsThe origin, course and drainage of thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct.(3) The Lymph Nodes and Lymphatic DrainageThe distribution of main lymph node groups of the head and neck. Efferent and

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Teaching Content

afferent of every lymph node groups. The formation and receiving range of jugular trunk.The distribution, receiving range and clinical meanings of main lymph node groups of the subclavian lymph nodes and axillary lymph nodes. The formation and receiving range of subclavian trunk.The location, receiving range and clinical meanings of main lymph node groups of the thoracic wall and thoracic cavity (e.g. mediastinal lymph nodes, the lymph nodes of the trachea, bronchi and lungs. The formation and receiving range of bronchomediastinal trunk.The location and receiving range of lumbar lymph nodes, superior mesenteric lymph nodes, inferior mesenteric lymph nodes. The distribution, receiving range and clinical meanings of celiac lymph nodes and gastric lymph nodes. The formation and receiving range of lumbar trunk and intestinal trunk.The distribution, receiving range and clinical meanings of celiac lymph nodes and external iliac lymph nodes.The distribution, receiving range of superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes. (4) The SpleenThe position, feature characteristics and the body surface projection of spleen.

Teaching Focus;


The origin, course and drainage of thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct.the position, feature characteristics and the body surface projection of spleen.

Time Allotment

The General Description 20minutesThe Lymphatic Ducts 30 minutesThe Lymph Nodes and Lymphatic Drainage 130minutesThe Spleen 20minutes

AssignmentThe origin, course and drainage of thoracic ductThe position, feature characteristics and the body surface projection of spleen.

PostscriptClinical relationship : the location of the main lymph nodes: the axillary lymph nodes (5 groups),

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Memo

1. Wu Kaiyun, Xu Fei. Systematic Anatomy. World Publishing Copporation 2011,first edition2. Fang Xiubin, Hu Haitao. Human Anatomy. 20023. Richard S. Snell. Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 20004. Peter L. Williams. Gray’s Anatomy (38 edition). CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE. 1995


Title of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: The Visual Organ






① Master the structural characteristics and the functions of the walls of eyeball and the contents of the eyeball.② Master the location, shape, structural characteristics and the functions of the accessory organs of eye.③ Understand the structures and the functions of the adipose body of orbit, the fascia of the eyeball, the episcleral space of the connective tissue in the orbit.④ Master the origin, course, branches and distribution of the central artery of retina. Master the structural characteristics and the drainage of the veins of eye.

Teaching Content

① Master the structure of the walls of eyeball and the contents of the eyeball.② Master the macula lutea, fovea centralis and optic disc.③ Master the refractive media and the circulation of the aqueous humor.④ Master the location, shape, structural characteristics and the functions of the accessory organs of eye, the composition of the lacrimal apparatus and the drainage of the lacrimal fluid.⑤ Master the origins and insertions, the functions of the extraocular muscles and their nervous distribution.⑥ Master the origin, course, branches and distribution of the central artery of retina. Master the structural characteristics and the drainage of the veins of eye.

Teaching Focus;

① The structure of the walls of eyeball and the contents of the eyeball.② The macula lutea, fovea centralis and optic disc.③ The refractive media and the circulation of the aqueous

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Difficult Problems and

their Solutions

humor.④ The origins and insertions, the functions of the extraocular muscles and their nervous distribution.⑤ The structures and the functions of the adipose body of orbit, the fascia of the eyeball, the episcleral space of the connective tissue in the orbit.

Time Allotment

①The structure of the walls of eyeball and the contents of the eyeball. (150 minutes).②The accessory organs of eye. (50 minutes)

Assignment ①What is the macula lutea, the fovea centralis and the optic disc?②Please write down the names of the composition of the walls of eyeball.③Please write down the circulation of the aqueous humor.

Postscript ① Master he structure of the walls of eyeball and the contents of the eyeball.②Master the refractive media and the circulation of the aqueous humor.



Title of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: T he Vestibulocochlear Organ






① Master the names of the 6 walls, the structures in the walls, and the neighbors of the tympanic cavity and their clinical meaning.② Master the bony and membranous labyrinths.③ Master the shape and the functions of the maculae of the saccule and utricle, ampullary crests, the spiral organ.

Teaching Content

① The composition of the external ear.② The names of the 6 walls, the structures in the walls, and the neighbors of the tympanic cavity. The structural characteristics and the openings of the auditory tube. ③ The bony and membranous labyrinths. ④ The shape and the functions of the maculae of the saccule and utricle, ampullary crests, the spiral organ.⑤ The blood vessels, lymph and nerves of ear.

Teaching Focus;

①The names, adjoining structures and openings of the walls of the tympanic cavity.②The portions, features, structures and the functions of the bony and membranous labyrinths.

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their Solutions

③The location and the functions of the maculae of the saccule and utricle, ampullary crests, the spiral organ.

Time Allotment

① The structure of external, middle and internal ears. (150 minutes)②To conclude, review and answer the questions. (50 minutes)

Assignment ①Please write down the names, adjoining structures and openings of the walls of the tympanic cavity. ②What is the composition of the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth? ③Please write down the names of the receptors of hearing and balance sensation.

Postscript ① Understand the names, adjoining structures and openings of the walls of the tympanic cavity.②Master the shape and the functions of the maculae of the saccule and utricle, ampullary crests, the spiral organ.



Title of the Course：Systematic Anatomy Chapter: Introduction of the nervous system, spinal nerves


Class： Grade: Department: Dept. of Aanatomy




1. Master terms used in the nervous system.2. ① Understand the construction and the fibrous composition of spinal nerves, and the branches of each spinal nerve. Understand the distribution of the posterior branch of the spinal nerve. ② Master the organizations, locations, the main branches and their distributions of the nervous plexuses and the thoracic nerves.

Teaching Content

1. The General Description: (1) Master the composition and the distinction of nervous system. (2) Master the functions of nervous system. (3) Master the classification of the neuron. (4) Master the neuroanatomical terms in common usage. 2. The Spinal Nerves: ① Understand the construction and the fibrous composition of spinal nerves, and the branches of each spinal nerve. Understand the distribution of the posterior branch of the spinal nerve. ② Master the organizations, locations, the main branches and their distributions of the nervous plexuses (the cervical, brachial, lumbar and sacral) and the thoracic nerves.

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Teaching Focus;


their Solutions

Master the composition and the distinction of nervous system. Master the neuroanatomical terms in common usage.Understand the construction and the fibrous composition of spinal nerves, and the branches of each spinal nerve. Master the organizations, locations, the main branches and their distributions of the nervous plexuses (the cervical, brachial, lumbar and sacra) and the thoracic nerves.

Time Allotment

1. The general description of the nervous system: (50 minutes)2. The Spinal Nerves: (150 minutes)

Assignment 1. The terms used in the nervous system .2. The formations of cervical plexus, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, sacral plexus

Postscript 1. Master terms used in the nervous system.2. Master the organizations, locations, the main branches and their distributions of the nervous plexuses and the thoracic nerves.



Title of the Course：Systematic Anatomy Chapter: The Spinal Nerves






(1) Master the running courses, main branches, distributions and the main phenomena of lesions of the spinal nerve plexuses (2) Master the course, distribution anterior branches of the thoracic nerves

Teaching Content

1. The running courses, main branches, distributions and the main phenomena of lesions of the following nerves: phrenic nerve, long thoracic nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve, axillary nerve, femoral nerve, obturator nerve and sciatic nerve. 2. The course, distribution anterior branches of the thoracic nerves and the segmental distribution of the cutaneous branch of anterior branches of the thoracic nerves on the anterior surface of the thoracic and abdominal walls.3. The anatomical bases of localizationgs of nervous leisions, and the segmental nervous distributions of the clinical common usuage.

Teaching Focus;

Difficult

Master the running courses, main branches, distributions and the clinical importance. Understand the anatomical bases of localizationgs of nervous leisions, and the segmental nervous distributions of the clinical common usuage.

140

Problems and their Solutions

Time Allotment

1. The cervical plexuses: (30 minutes) 2.The brachial plexuses: (50 minutes). 3. The thoracic nerves: (20 minutes). 4. The lumbar l plexuses: (25 minutes) 5. The sacral plexuses: (25 minutes)

Assignment Parts easily to be injuried and the characteristic appearances after injury of the following nerves: long thoracic nerve, axillary nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve, tibial nerve, common peroneal nerve 2. The corresponding relations of the distribution of the anterior branches of the thoracic nerves and body surface sign. 3. Innervation of the muscle groups of the lower limb.

Postscript Master the origins and functions, parts easily to be injuried and the characteristic appearances after injury of the phrenic nerve, long thoracic nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, axillary nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve, sciatic nerve, tibial nerve, common peroneal nerve.



Teaching Plan for International Students, TMUTitle of the Course：Systematic Anatomy Chapter: The Cranial Nerve 1






The Cranial Nerve Ⅰ-Ⅵ:1. Master the names of the cranial nerveⅠ-Ⅵ, as well as their positions of entering in and departing from the cranium. 2. Master the distributions and reigns of the cranial nerveⅠ-Ⅵ.

Teaching Content

The cranial nerveⅠ-Ⅵ: ⑴Review the internal surface of base of skull, 12 cranial nerves’ positions of entering in and departing from the cranium. ⑵The 12 cranial nerves’ names, natures, reigns, functions and the positions connected with the brain .①The olfactory nerve: distribution and position of entering in the cranium. ②The optic nerve: division and position of entering in the cranium. ③The oculomotor nerve: positions of departing from the brain and the cranium, reign and function.④ The trochlear nerve: positions of departing from the brain and the cranium, reign. ⑤The trigeminal nerve: names of the three biggest branches, positions of entering in and departing from the brain and the cranium, distribution and dominated muscles. ⑥The abducent nerve: positions of departing from the brain and the cranium, reign.

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Teaching Focus;


Master the names of the cranial nerveⅠ-Ⅵ, distributions, reigns, as well as their positions of entering in and departing from the cranium. Master the clinical manifestation after these nerves were injured.

Time Allotment

1. Review the internal surface of base of skull. The names, natures, reigns, functions and the positions connected with the brain of cranial nerves (50 minutes). 2. The cranial nerveⅠ-Ⅵ (150 minutes)

Assignment 1. The names, natures, main branches, distributions and reigns of the cranial nerveⅠ-Ⅵ.2. Nerve control of the muscular apparatus.3. The distributions of the three biggest branches of the trigeminal nerve at cephalosome.

Postscript Master the distributions of the three biggest branches of the trigeminal nerve at cephalosome.



Teaching Plan for International Students, TMUTitle of the Course：Systematic Anatomy Chapter: The Cranial Nerve 2






The Cranial Nerve Ⅶ-Ⅻ:Master the names, natures, distributions, reigns of the cranial nerve Ⅶ-Ⅻ, as well as their positions of entering in and departing from the cranium.

Teaching Content

The cranial nerve Ⅶ-Ⅻ:1. The facial nerve: positions of entering in and departing from the brain and the cranium, main course, branches, reign and distribution. 2. The acoustic nerve: branches, reign and distribution. 3. The glossopharyngeal nerve: positions of entering in and departing from the brain and the cranium, branches, reign and distribution. 4. The vagus nerve: positions of entering in and departing from the brain and the cranium, branches, reign and distribution. 5. The accessory nerve: reign, positions of departing from the brain, the cranium and the spinal cord. 6. The hypoglossal nerve: reign, positions of departing from the brain and the cranium.

Teaching Master the positions of entering in and departing from the brain and the cranium of cranial

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Focus; Difficult

Problems and their Solutions

nerve Ⅶ-Ⅻ The main course of the facial nerve and the vagus nerve. Know the clinical manifestations after the cranial nerve Ⅶ,Ⅺ and Ⅻ were injured.

Time Allotment

1.The facial nerve(50 minutes)2.The acoustic nerve and the accessory nerve(25 minutes)3.The glossopharyngeal nerve(25 minutes)4.The vagus nerve(25 minutes)5. The hypoglossal nerve(25 minutes)

Assignment 1. The main course of the facial nerve, and the clinical manifestation after it was injured. 2. The two big branches of the vagus nerve and the clinical manifestations after they were injured. 3. Which nerves do dominate or distribute over the tongue?

Postscript 1. Master the nerves dominate or distribute over the tongue?2. The main course of the facial nerve, and the clinical manifestation after it was injured.



Title of the Course：Systematic Anatomy Chapter: The Visceral Nervous System






The Visceral Nervous SystemMaster the distribution, feature and location at inferior center of the vegetative nerves. Know differences between the visceral nerves and the somatic nerves.

Teaching Content

The visceral nervous system consists of the visceral motor and sensory nerves: the visceral motor nerve is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. The sympathetic nerves: the center, the sympathetic ganglia, courses of the preganglionic and the postganglionic fibers, distribution of the postganglionic fiber, the sympathetic trunk and communicating branches.The parasympathetic nerves: locations of the center and the ganglia, distribution in the brain stem and the pars sacralis, distribution range of the parasympathetic nerves. Names and locations of the main autonomic plexuses. General courses of the visceral sensory nerves. The referred pain.

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Teaching Focus;


Master the reigns and features of the autonomic nerves; the central locations of the sympathetic nerves; names, locations, distributions and communicating branches of the ganglia.Master the central locations of the parasympathetic nerves; the names and locations of the ganglia; the parasympathetic distribution in the brain stem and the pars sacralis. Know the concept of the referred pain.

Time Allotment

The sympathetic nerves(100 minutes)The parasympathetic nerves(100 minutes)

Assignment 1. Central location of the sympathetic nerve; names and locations of the sympathetic ganglia. 2. Concept of the communicating branches.3. Courses and distributions of the sympathetic fibers. 4. The parasympathetic center; names, locations and general distributions of the ganglia on head.

Postscript Central location of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve; names and locations of the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia.



Title of the Course：Systematic Anatomy Chapter: Spinal cord






master the location, feature,segments of spinal cord and anatomic relationship of spinal cord with vertebral body; master the distribution and name of white matter and gray matter in transverse section of cervical segment; master the position and function of columns of gray and central canal.undstand Rexed's laminae; master the position and function of ascending tracts （ fasciculus gracilis 、 fasciculus cuneatus 、 spino-thalamic tract ） and descending tracts （ corticospinal tract ） , understand the position and function of other ascending tracts, descending tracts and fasciculus proprius; understand the function of spinal cord,understand clinical manifestation when spinal cord is injured .

Location of the spinal cord, correspondence of the spinal segment and the

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Teaching Content

vertebrae. External features of the spinal cord, the two enlargements and the cauda equine. Internal structure of the spinal cord: ①The central canal.② The grey matter: the anterior horn, lateral horn, grey commissure, posterior horn with the nuclei in it, the REXED laminae.③ The white mater: the anterior and posterior funiculus, the fasciculus gracilis, the fasciculus cuneatus, the lateral funiculus, the lateral corticospinal tract, the rubrospinal tract, the spinothalamic tract, the anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tract, the anterior corticospinal tract. 4. Function of the spinal cord: conduction, reflex.


Handle the location of the spinal cord; the cauda equine; main nuclei of the grey matter; names, locations, functions of the main tracts of the white matter. Know the correspondence of the spinal segment and the vertebrae; concept of the REXED laminae.

Time Allotment

Course Arrangement: 3 class hours for theories1. Location of the spinal cord, correspondence of the spinal segment and the vertebrae. (0.5 class hours)2. External features of the spinal cord, the two enlargements and the cauda equine. (1 class hours) 3. Internal structure of the spinal cord (1.5 class hours)

Assignment 1. What are the adult location of spinal cord and composition of the cauda equine?

2． What are the main injured tracts and dysfunction after the left half of the spinal cord was injured?

Postscript

Memo 1. Wu Kaiyun. A textbook of systematic anatomy. Soochow University Press. 20062. Richard S. Snel. Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 20003. Fang Xiubin, Hu Haitao. Human Anatomy. 20024. Peter L. Williams. Gray’s Anatomy (38 edition). CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE. 1995


Title of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: Profile of brain stem





Teaching

master the position and surface shape of bain stem(including rhomboid fossa)master the location and connection of fourth ventricle. master the classification of the nuclei of cranial nervers in the brain stem,master the name and location of

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Requirements

the nuclei of cranial nervers in the brain stem,and master their connection with cranial nerves.master the location of gracile nucleus, cuneate nucleus, pontine nucleus,red nucleus,substantia nigra, pretectal area,gray matter layers of superior colliculus,nucleus of inferior colliculus;understand the position of non-nuclei of cranial nerves. master the location and function of pyramidal tract, medial lemniscus,spinal lemniscus,lemniscus trigeminalis,and lateral lemniscus in brain stem. understand the main structures in the sections through decussation of pyramid,decussation of medial lemniscus, the middle of olive, the inferior of pons, the middle of pons, the inferior colliculi of midbrain, the superior colliculi of midbrain. understand the location and function of reticular formation of brain stem.understand clinical manifestation when brain stem is injured.

Teaching Content

the location and discrimination of the brainprofile of the brain stem: ①the medulla oblongata: pyramid ; decussation of pyramid; oliva; gracile tubercle; cuneate tubercle; inferior cerebellar peduncle; 9-12 cranial nerve roots; ② pons：basilar sulcus ； pontocerebellar trigone ；middle /superior cerebellar peduncle；anterior medullary velum； pontobulbar sulcus ； 5-8 cranial nerve roots; ③the fourth ventricle ： the rhomboid fossa; striae medullares; sulcus limitans; hypoglossal triangle, vagal triangle; facial colliculus; vestibular area; acoustic tubercle; locus ceruleus; inferior medullary velum 、 choroid plexus;CP 、 median aperture 、 lateral aperture④midbrain ：cerebral peduncle 、 interpeduncular fossa 、 superior colliculus 、 inferior colliculus、brachium of superior colliculus 、 brachium of inferior colliculus 、 3-4 cranial nerve roots


Mastering the profile of brain stem, features in basement of the fourth ventricle and the location of the last 10 cranial nerve entering the brain stem

Time Allotment

Course Arrangement : 4 for teaching 1.the location and discrimination of the brain (1.5 class hours)2.profile of the brain stem (2.5 class hours)

Assignment 1.the location of the last 10 cranial nerve entering the brain stemthe main features in the rhomboid fossa

Postscript

Memo 1. Wu Kaiyun. A textbook of systematic anatomy. Soochow University Press. 20062. Richard S. Snel. Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 20003. Fang Xiubin, Hu Haitao. Human Anatomy. 20024. Peter L. Williams. Gray’s Anatomy (38 edition). CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE. 1995


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Teaching Plan for International Students, TMUTitle of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: Cerebellum and diencephalon


Class： Grade: Department: Drpt. of anatomy




1. master the location ,shape,lobes, and functions of Cerebellum.2. undstand the name and position of cerebellar nuclei.3. undestand fibers connection and function of Cerebellum.4. master the location and portion of diencephalons, and master the composition and location of each portion.5. master the position and communication of third ventricle.6. understand the division of nuclei of dorsal thalamus.master the name ,fiber connection,and function of specific thalamus nuclei（including metathalamus）.7. undstand hypothalamus nuclei and its relation with hypophysis.

Teaching Content

Principal content and Course Arrangement:

1.the location and profile of the cerebellum ⑴location: posterior cranial fossa, superior and posterior of pons and medulla oblongata ⑵profile: hemisphere、vermis、primary fissure, tonsil of cerebellum, three lobes: anterior lobe, posterior lob, flocculonodular lobe;2.Interior structure of cerebellum: cortex, medullary substance, cerebellum nucleus (dentate nucleus, emboliform nucleus, spherical nucleus and fastigial nucleus); 3.Fibra connection of cerebellum: three peduncles of cerebellum(superior, middle, inferior), afferent nerve fiber, efferent nerve fiber;4.The function of cerebellum; 5.Diencephalons: ⑴. Five parts: dorsal thalamus, epithalamus, metathalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamu; third ventricle, pineal body, hypophysis.⑵Interior structure: thalamencephal, frontal, medial, lateral nucleus-dorsal, ventral , nucleus—frontal and lateral posterior—ventral posterolateral nucleus and ventral posteromedial nucleus; metathalamus: medial geniculate nucleus and lateral geniculate nucleus; hypothalamus: supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, fibra connection of hypothalamus and hypophyseal portal system. Emphasis 、 Nodus and Requisition (including mastering 、 familiarity 、prehension、self-study)Mastering location and clinical importance of the cerebellum lobes and tonsil of cerebellum, three peduncles and cerebellar nuclei, comprehending fibra connection and function of the cerebellum;

Mastering parts of diencephalons, nucelus of thalamus, nucleus of metathalamus and hypothalamus, fibra connection of hypothalamus.

eaching Emphasis、Nodus and Requisition (including mastering 、familiarity

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Focus; Difficult

Problems and their

Solutions

、prehension、self-study)Mastering location and clinical importance of the cerebellum lobes and tonsil of cerebellum, three peduncles and cerebellar nuclei, comprehending fibra connection and function of the cerebellum;Mastering parts of diencephalons, nucelus of thalamus, nucleus of metathalamus and hypothalamus, fibra connection of hypothalamus.

Time Allotment

Course Arrangement : 3 for teaching 1.Cerebellum (1 class hours)2. diencephalon (2 class hours)

Assignment 1. The lobes of cerebellum? The names of cerebellum nucleus? The association of three peduncles of cerebellum?2. The functions of nucleus ventralis posterolateralis thalami and nucleus ventralis posteromedialis thalami?3．The functions of supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus?

Postscript


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Title of the Course： Systematic anatomy Chapter: Telencephalon






1． master the sulci or fissures, lobes,and gyri of cerebral hemisphere.2. master the position of primary somesthetic area, primary somatomotor area, acousic area and visual area, and its functional localization.3. master the composition and position of basal nuclei.4. master the shape and parts of lateral ventricl and master their location.5. undstand the classification of fibers of cerebral hemisphere.6. master the location and parts of internal capsule, master the fiber bundle which pass through every portion, understand the clinical symptoms when internal capsule is injured.7. understand the composition and function of rhinencephalon and limbic system.

Teaching Content

1.description of the telencephalon：Human develop fast，cerebral hemisphere，cerebral cortex （paleo-、old、new）2.profile and sublobe of the telencephalon：cortical sulci，gyrus :⑴、hemisphere sublobe：three constant sulci：central sulcus, lateral sulcus, parietooccipital sulcus. Five lobules：frontal lobe、parietal lobe、occipital lobe、temporal lobe、insular lobe; ⑵、the external surface of the cerebral hemisphere：frontal lobe：paracentral sulcus、precentral gyrus、superior frontal sulcus、inferior frontal sulcus、superior frontal gyrus 、middle frontal gyrus 、inferior frontal gyrus；parietal lobe：postcentral sulcus、postcentral gyrus、intraparietal sulcus、superior and inferior parietal lobe、supramarginal gyrus、angular gyrus；temporal lobe：superior temporal sulucs、inferior temporal sulcus 、superior temporal gyrus、middle temporal gyrus 、inferior temporal gyrus、transverse temporal gyri; ⑶、the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere：corpus callosum、callosal sulcus、paracentral lobule、calcarine sulcus、cuneo-sulcus、lingual gyrus、cingulate gyrus、limbic lobe; ⑷、inferior: olfactory bulb、olfactory tract、olfactory trigone、collateral sulcus、hippocampal sulcus、parahippocampal gyrus、uncus、dentate gyrus、hippocampus、hippocampal formation.3.Functional localization of the cerebral cortex: motor area 、 sensory area、visual area、auditory area、language area、olfactory area

Teaching Focus;

Emphasis、Nodus and Requisition (including mastering 、familiarity 、prehension、self-study)

149


Mastering the sublobe of cerebral hemisphere，major gyrus， the functional localization of cortex，Comprehending the causes of Human develop fast

Time Allotment

Course Arrangement : 3 class hours for teaching 1.description of the telencephalon (1 class hours)2.profile and sublobe of the telencephalon (1 class hours)3.Functional localization of the cerebral cortex (1 class hours)

Assignment 1.the sublobe of cerebral hemisphere，the main gyrus in the undersurface of cerebral hemisphere;2.the functional areas in the cerebral cortex

Postscript



Title of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: Nervous pathway


Class： Grade: Department: Dept.of anatomy




1. Mastering the classification of the nervous pathways;2.the formulation and the route of conscious proprioceptive pathways (trunk and limbs);3.the pathways concerned with pain and thermal sensations in head and

150

face 、 trunk and limbs ； 4.the visual pathways and pupillary light reflex pathways;several damage easily in the visual pathways;5.the construction and route of the pyramidal system;6.the difference between supranuclear paralysis and infranuclear paralysis

Teaching Content

1.the conception and discrimination of the pathways：neuron chain、the sensory pathways 、 the motor pathways;2.the proprioceptive pathways ： ⑴ 、 the conscious proprioceptive pathways of trunk and limbs：the first、the second and the third neuron；the name of fibers；decussation parts;⑵、the non-conscious proprioceptive pathways;3. the pathway concerned with pain 、 touch、 thermal sensations:⑴、the pathway concerned with pain and thermal sensations of trunk and limbs： the first、 the second and the third neuron ； the name of fibers；decussation parts;⑵、 the pathway concerned with pain and thermal sensations of head and face ： the first 、 the second and the third neuron ； the name of fibers ； decussation parts;4.the visual pathways and pupillary light reflex pathways ； several damage easily in the visual pathways ； 5.the construction and route of the pyramidal system ； the difference between supranuclear paralysis and infranuclear paralysis.


Mastering the formulation and the route of conscious proprioceptive pathways (trunk and limbs)；the pathways concerned with pain and thermal sensations in head and face、trunk and limbs；Comprehend the non-conscious proprioceptive pathways; the visual pathways and pupillary light reflex pathways ； several damage easily in the visual pathways ； the construction and route of the pyramidal system ； the difference between supranuclear paralysis and infranuclear paralysis

Time Allotment

Course Arrangement: 3 for theories1.the conception and discrimination of the pathways (0.2 class hours)2.the proprioceptive pathways (0.6 class hours)3. the pathway concerned with pain、touch、thermal sensations(0.9 class hours)4.the visual pathways and pupillary light reflex pathways (0.3 class hours)5.the construction and route of the pyramidal system (1 class hours)

Assignment 1. What are normal, variation and abnormality, diploe and epiphysial line?2. Classification, construction and function of bones ?Elementary structure and ancillary structure of joint?

Postscript


151


Title of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: Menings and blood vessels of brain and spinal cord






1、Mastering the layers、name、features of the Meninges 2、Mastering the arterys and the braches 、scope of the brain and spinal cord3、The production and circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Teaching Content

1.the Meninges:⑴spinal dura mater ： epidural space;⑵cerebral dura mater ：features: cerebral falx、cerebellar falx、sellae diaphragma、the connection with the Intracalvarium: cerebral dura mater、sinuses of dura mater，superior sagittal sinus、inferior sagittal sinus、confluence of sinuses、transverse sinus、straight sinus 、 sigmoid sinus 、 cavernous sinus;⑶the arachnoid ： cavitas subarachnoidealis、terminal cisterna、cerebellomedullary cistern、interpeduncular cistern、arachnoid granulations;⑷spinal pia mater：filum terminale、denticulate ligament 、 cerebral pia mater 、 chorioid tela.2.the blood vessels of the axion(marrowbrain):⑴the blood vessels of the spinal cord ： vertebral artery、segment artery；internal、external vertebral venous plexus; ⑵the blood vessels of brain ： internal carotid artery 、vertebral －basilar artery、primary branches 、 circle of willis 、 superficial vein and deep vein of brain.3.the Cerebrospinal Fluid：the position of the production、circulation.

Teaching Focus;


their Solutions

Mastering the epidural space、the features of the dura mater、cranial sinuses、cavitas subarachnoidealis、the feature of artery of spinal cord；The blood 、artery branches and its supply; The circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.Comprehending spinal pia mater and its feature; venous return of brain and spinal cord

Time Allotment

1.the Meninges (1 class hours)2.the blood vessels of the axion(marrowbrain) (1 class hours)3.the Cerebrospinal Fluid：the position of the production、circulation. (1 hours)

Assignment 1、The epidural space. 2、The location and the features of cavernous sinus.

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3、The construction of circle of willis

Postscript The Cerebrospinal Fluid：the position of the production、circulation

Memo 1. Wu Kaiyun, Xu Fei. Systematic Anatomy. World Publishing Copporation 2011,first edition2. Fang Xiubin, Hu Haitao. Human Anatomy. 20023. Richard S. Snell. Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 20004. Peter L. Williams. Gray’s Anatomy (38 edition). CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE. 1995天津医科大学国际学院


课程名称： SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY (PRACTICE)

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Title of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: Practice course of bones and joints of the trunk

and the skull Teacher’s Name: Prof. Title:





Understand anatomical position, axis and planes, terms of direction of human body; Master the shape and classification of the bones and the definition and classification of joints. The essential structures and the accessory structures of the synovial joints.Master names and positions of the bones of the trunk and skull; Master the characteristics of the different view of the skull. Grasp bony structure, accessory structures of the vertebral column, connections of the vertebrae, the thoracic cage, the temporomandibular joint (TM joint).Know well the bony marks on the trunk and skull.

Teaching Content

Understand anatomical position, axis and planes; Observe different shape bones and joints. Master names and positions of the bones of the trunk and skull; Master the characteristics of the different view of the skull. Detailed study vertebral column, the joints of the vertebrae, the atlantooccipital joint and atlantoaxial joint, the thoracic cage, the temporomandibular joint (TM joint).Find out the following bony marks (The spine of 7th cervical vertebra, sternal angle, xiphoid process, costal arch, sacral cornu; external occipital protuberance, mastoid process, zygomatic arch, head of mandible, superciliary arch, hyoid bone.

Teaching Definite the main characteristics of vertebrae in each region. (cervical, thoracic,

154

Focus; Difficult Problems and their Solutions

lumbar).Understand and grasp the characteristics of the different view of the skull and the main foramen and fissures on the internal surface of the base of the skull.Understand and grasp the connections of the adjacent vertebrae and accessory structures of the temporomandibular joint (TM joint).

Time Allotment

The Introduction of bone and joints (50minutes); Observe the Bones of Trunk and the skull (75minutes); Observe the Joints of trunk and skull (75minutes).

Assignment The different view of thoracic vertebra (drawing); Summarize the features of the bones of the trunk and the skull with examples. Summarize the bony strucures, characteristics, the accessory structures of vertebral column, the joints of the vertebrae, the temporomandibular joint.

Postscript Definite the main characteristics of vertebrae in each region.Memo 1. Wu Kaiyun, Xu Fei. Systematic Anatomy. World Publishing Copporation

2011,first edition2. Fang Xiubin, Hu Haitao. Human Anatomy. 20023. Richard S. Snell. Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 20004. Peter L. Williams. Gray’s Anatomy (38 edition). CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE. 1995

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Title of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: Practice course of the bones and joints of four

limbs Teacher’s Name: Prof. Title:





Master the names and positions of the bones of upper and lower limb. The names for special part of every bone (especially articular surface). Detailed grasp the major joints of upper and lower limbFind out the bony marks of four limbs from own body.

Teaching Content

Definite the names and positions of the bones of upper and lower limb. The names for special part of every bone (especially articular surface). Detailed study following major joints: the shoulder joint, the elbow joint, the joints between ulna and radius, the wrist joint, the carpometacarpal joint of thumb, the pubic symphysis, sacroiliac joint, sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, the greater and lesser pelvis, hip joint, knee joint, ankle joint. Find out the bony marks of four limbs from own body (clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula, inferior angle of the scapula, lateral and medial epicondyles of the humerus, olecranon, head of ulna, head of radius, styloid process of radius, styloid process of ulna, scaphoid bone; iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac spine, ischial tuberosity, greater trochanter, lateral and medial epicondyle of the femur, patella, tibial tuberosity, fibular head, medial malleolus, lateral melleolus, calcaneal tuberosity, tuberosity of navicular bone).

Teaching Focus;


Detailed study of following major joints of four limbs, including bony strucure, characteristics, the accessory structures, main movement: shoulder, elbow, wrist joints, carpometacarpal joint of the thumb, sacroiliac joint, hip, knee and ankle joints.Definite the main structures on the surface of the bones of 4 limbs, including the articulate structure, sulcus or groove go though the nerve and vessels.

Time Allotment

Identification of the Bones of upper limb and lower limb (100 minutes); Observe the Joints of th upper limb and lower limb (100minutes).

Assignment Write the names and positions of the bones of upper and lower limb. Summarize the main characteristics of shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee and ankle joints.

Postscript Understand main joints features of 4 limbs and the main bony surface projection.Memo 1. Wu Kaiyun, Xu Fei. Systematic Anatomy. World Publishing Copporation 2011,first edition


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Title of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: Practice course of Skeletal Muscles Teacher’s

Name: Prof. Title:





Classification and identification of the muscles of all body.Master all the muscles, including the names, situations, shapes, origins, insertions and actions: muscles of back; muscles of thorax, muscles of abdomen, muscles of head and neck, muscles of upper limb, muscles of lower limb. Master the situation, feature, structural characteristics, origins and actions of the diaphragm. Master the openings of the diaphragm.Know well the main muscular marks in different part of the body:

Teaching Content

Classification and identification of the muscles of all body.Details of all the muscles, including the names, situations, shapes, origins, insertions and actions: muscles of back; muscles of thorax, muscles of abdomen, muscles of head and neck, muscles of upper limb, muscles of lower limb. The situation, feature, structural characteristics, origins and actions of the diaphragm. The openings of the diaphragm.Find out the main muscular marks of the body such as pectoralis major, rectus abdominis, inguinal ligament; masseter, sternocleidomastoid, deltoid, biceps brachii, tendon of the palmaris longus. gluteus maximus, sartorius, quadriceps femoris, triceps surue, the tendo calcaneus, and so on.

Teaching Focus;


Details of all the muscles, including the names, situations, shapes, origins, insertions and actions. Understand the relationship of position and function of the skeletal muscles.The situation, structural characteristics, actions and openings of the diaphragm.

Time Allotment

The Muscles of the Head and the Neck, the Trunk. (100 minutes)The Muscles of the Upper Limb and the Lower Limb. (100minutes)

Assignment Summarize major muscles, including the names, position, shapes and actions. Summarize feature and position of the diaphragm. The openings of the diaphragm.

Postscript Understand the diaphragm and it’s features, openings.Understand the relationship of position and function of the skeletal muscles.


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Title of the Course： Systematic anatomy Chapter: Practice of Splanchnology






1. Master The common reference lines of the thorax and the abdominal regions.2. The Alimentary System: The position, composition, relations, important constrictions of the alimentary canal: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. liver3. The Respiratory System: The constructions, functions, main characteristics of the nose, the pharynx, the larynx, trachea and principle bronchi.4. The Urinary System: The features, the location and the relations of kidneys, the uterus, the urinary bladder, the female urethra.Master the coverings of kidneys. The 3 constrictions of the uterus. 5. The Male Reproductive system: The structure, position of testis, epididymis. The organization and the coverings of spermatic cord. The features and structures, the lobes, location and the relations of prostate. Master the portions, curvatures, strictures and the functions of male urethra.6. The Female reproductive System: The situation, features and constructions and the functions of ovaries, uterine tube and uterus, vagina. The portions of uterine tubes. The place where the ligation of the uterine tube is performed, where the fertilization usually occurs. The structures of the supports of uterus. The structures of the external genital organs of female. 7. The Peritoneum: The relationship between viscera and peritoneum, categorized into 3 groups. The lesser and greater omenta. The locations of rectovesical, rectouterine pouches and hepatorenal recess.

Teaching Content

The position, composition, relations, important constrictions of the alimentary canal: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine.The action of the muscles of tongue, the mucous membrane and the papillae of tongue. The surface projection marking for the appendicular base.The feature, situation and relations of liver. The situation and the feature of the gallbladder, the surface projection marking of the base of gallbladder. The biliary ducts (construction, opening and its running course). The feature, parts, situation and relation of pancreas, the pancreatic duct opens into the major duodenal papilla.

The features, constructions, functions, main characteristics of the nose, the pharynx, the larynx, trachea and principle bronchi. The situations, the openings

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of paranasal sinuses.The situation, the cartilages and their joints of larynx. The names, situations and their functions of the laryngeal muscles. The features and the portions of the larygeal cavity . The projection of the inferior margins of lung and pleurae, the apex of lung and the cupula of pleura.

The features, the location and the relations of kidneys, the uterus, the urinary bladder, the female urethra. The structure, the coverings of kidneys. The 3 constrictions of the uterus. The situation and clinical importance of the trigone of bladder.

The structure, position of testis. epididymis. The organization and the coverings of spermatic cord. The locations, the opening of the seminal vesicles and the bulbourethral glands. The features and structures, the lobes, location and the relations of prostate. Master the portions, curvatures, strictures and the functions of male urethra.

The situation, features and constructions and the functions of ovaries, uterine tube and uterus, vagina. The portions of uterine tubes. The place where the ligation of the uterine tube is performed, where the fertilization usually occurs. The structures of the supports of uterus. The structures of the external genital organs of female.

The features and structures, locations, the portions, and the functions of lesser and greater omenta. The locations of peritoneal recesses and pouches. The locations of rectovesical, rectouterine pouches and hepatorenal recess.

Teaching Focus;


The papillae of tongue. The surface projection marking for the appendicular base. The feature, situation and relations of liver. The surface projection marking of the base of gallbladder. The biliary ducts (construction, opening and its running course). the pancreatic duct opens into the major duodenal papilla. The openings of paranasal sinuses.The situation, the cartilages and their joints of larynx. The features and the portions of the larygeal cavity . The projection of the inferior margins of lung and pleurae, the apex of lung and the cupula of pleura.Definition: renal column, renal hilum, renal pedicle, neck of bladder;state the location and posterior adjacency of kidney .

Time Allotment

The Alimentary System: 1hourThe Respiratory System: 1hourThe Urinary System: 1hourThe Reproductive system and The Peritoneum: 1hour

Assignment draw a picture about the biliary ducts. the portions, curvatures, strictures and the functions of male urethra.

Postscript The biliary ducts (construction, opening and its running course).

Memo 1. Wu Kaiyun. A textbook of systematic anatomy. Soochow University Press. 2006

159


3. Fang Xiubin, Hu Haitao. Human Anatomy. 20024. Peter L. Williams. Gray’s Anatomy (38 edition). CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE. 1995


Teaching Plan for International Students, TMUTitle of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: Practice of vascular system


Class： Grade: Department: Dept 。 of anatomy




1. The Cardiovascular System (1) Master the location, external features and the cardiac chambers. Master the entrance and exit, the valves in the openings of every chambers of the heart. Master the organization and the function, structural characteristics of tricuspid valve complex and bicuspid complex. Master the locations, structural and functional characteristics of the conductin system of the heart. Master the vessels of the heart. (2) The ArteriesMaster the origin of the pulmonary artery, Master the parts and their branches of the aorta. Master the names, main branches, main course of the external carotid artery and abdominal aorta. Master the blood supply of the thyroid gland, the stomach, the suprarenal gland, the rectum. (3) The VeinsMaster the superior vena cava and its tributaries, the formation of venous angle. Master the structural characteristics and the anastomosis of the facial vein. Master the names and courses of the superficial veins of upper limb and lower limb. Master the direct tributaries of the inferior vena cava. Master the organization and tributaries of the hepatic portal vein. Master the anastomoses between the hepatic portal venous system and vena cava system.2. The Lymphatic systemMaster the origin, drainage of thoracic duct. Master the drainage of right lymphatic duct. Master the position, feature characteristics and the functions of spleen.

Teaching Content

1. The Cardiovascular System (1) Regional Anatomy of the heart: the location, external features and the cardiac chambers. The entrance and exit, the valves in the openings of every chambers of the heart. The organization and the function, structural characteristics of tricuspid valve complex and bicuspid complex. The locations, structural and functional characteristics of the conductin system of the heart. The vessels of the heart (the origins, running courses, branches and their distributions).

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(2) The ArteriesThe origin of the pulmonary artery, the location of the arterial ligament. The parts and their branches of the aorta. The names, main branches, main course of the external carotid artery and abdominal aorta. The blood supply of the thyroid gland, the stomach, the suprarenal gland, the rectum. The main arteries of the upper and lower limb.The place where the pulse can be palpable of the following arteries: the common carotid artery, the superficial temporal artery, the subclavian artery, the brachial artery, the radial artery, the facial artery, the femoral artery, the dorsal artery of foot.(3) The VeinsThe superior vena cava and its tributaries, the formation of venous angle. The structural characteristics and the anastomosis of the facial vein. The names and courses of the superficial veins of upper limb and lower limb. The direct tributaries of the inferior vena cava. The organization and tributaries of the hepatic portal vein. The anastomoses between the hepatic portal venous system and vena cava system.2. The Lymphatic systemThe origin, drainage of thoracic duct. Master the drainage of right lymphatic duct. Master the position, feature characteristics and the functions of spleen.

Teaching Focus;


Regional Anatomy of the heart The names, main branches, main course of the external carotid artery and abdominal aorta.The organization and tributaries of the hepatic portal vein.

Time Allotment

The heart. 100minutesThe Arteries 50minutesThe Veins 50minutes

Assignment The vessels of the heart and it’s clinical correlates.The blood supply of the thyroid gland, the stomach, the suprarenal gland, the rectum.

Postscript Regional Anatomy of the heartMemo 1. Wu Kaiyun, Xu Fei. Systematic Anatomy. World Publishing Copporation 2011,first edition


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Title of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: Practice of sensory organs






Master the structural characteristics and the functions of the walls of eyeball and the contents of the eyeball. Master the origin, course, branches and distribution of the central artery of retina. Understand the origin, course and branches, distribution of ophthalmic artery. Master the names of the 6 walls, the structures in the walls, and the neighbors of the tympanic cavity. Master the portions, features and structures, and the functions of the bony and membranous labyrinths. Master the shape and the functions of the maculae of the saccule and utricle, ampullary crests, the spiral organ.

Teaching Content

1. The Visual Organ: Master the structural characteristics and the functions of the walls of eyeball and the contents of the eyeball, the circulation of the aqueous humor, the composition of the lacrimal apparatus and the drainage of the lacrimal fluid. Master the functions of the extraocular muscles.2. The Vestibulocochlear Organ: Master the composition of the middle ear, the names and the structures in the walls, and the neighbors of the tympanic cavity.

Teaching Focus;


1. The structural characteristics and the functions of the walls of eyeball and the contents of the eyeball. 2. The origins and insertions, the functions of the extraocular muscles. 3. The names of the 6 walls, the structures in the walls, and the neighbors of the tympanic cavity. 4. The portions, features and structures, and the functions of the bony and membranous labyrinths.

Time Allotment

1. The visual organ (100 minutes)2. The vestibulocochlear organ (100 minutes)

Assignment 1. The structural characteristics and the functions of the walls of eyeball and the contents of the eyeball2. The names of the 6 walls, the neighbors of the tympanic cavity the names of the 6 walls, the structures in the walls, and the neighbors of the tympanic cavity

Postscript 1. The structural characteristics and the functions of the walls of eyeball and the contents of the eyeball.

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2. The circulation of the aqueous humor3. The names of the 6 walls, the structures in the walls, and the neighbors of the tympanic cavity.

Memo 1. Wang Huaijing, Liu Yong. Regional Anatomy. JILIN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLGY PRESS 2009, Fifth edition2. Lu Mengxiang. Experimental guide book of Human anatomy, 20093. Patrick. W. Tank. Grant’s Dissector. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. fifteenth edition4. Richard S. Snel. Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2000


Title of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: Practice of t he PNS






Master running courses, main branches, distributions and the clinical importance of the spinal nerves and cranial nerves.Master the locations of lower center, ganglia of sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves.

Teaching Content

1. The Spinal Nerves: The running courses, main branches, distributions and the clinical importance of the following nerves: phrenic nerve, long thoracic nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve, axillary nerve, femoral nerve, obturator nerve and sciatic nerve.2. The Cranial Nerves: The places where the nerves enter or leave the skull. The origin and insertion, running course, distribution and clinical importance of 12 pair cranial nerves.3. The Visceral Nevous System: The locations of lower center, paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, communicating branches and their running ways of sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves.


1. The Spinal Nerves: The running courses, main branches, distributions and the clinical importance of the following nerves: phrenic nerve, long thoracic nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve, axillary nerve, femoral nerve, obturator nerve and sciatic nerve.2. The Cranial Nerves: The places where the nerves enter or leave the skull. The origin and insertion, running course, distribution and clinical importance of 12 pair cranial nerves.3. The Visceral Nevous System: The locations of lower center, paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, communicating branches and their running ways of sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves.

Time 1. The Spinal Nerves (90 minutes). 2. The Cranial Nerves (90 minutes). 3. The

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Allotment Visceral Nerves System (20 minutes)

Assignment1. Origins and functions and parts easily to be injuried and the characteristic appearances after injury of spinal nerves 2. The names, natures, main branches, distributions and reigns of the cranial nerves.

Postscript Understand the names, natures, main branches, distributions and reigns of the spinal and cranial nerves.

Memo

1. Wang Huaijing, Liu Yong. Regional Anatomy. JILIN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLGY

PRESS 2009, Fifth edition


3. Patrick. W. Tank. Grant’s Dissector. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. fifteenth edition



Title of the Course： Systematic Anatomy Chapter: Practice of t he CNS






Master running courses, main branches, distributions and the clinical importance of the spinal nerves and cranial nerves. Master the locations of lwer center, ganglia of sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves.

Teaching Content

1.The Spinal Cord：The location and enlargements of spinal cord. The relation of segments of spinal cord and the spinal nerves, the relationship between spinal cord segments and vertebral bodies.2. The brain stem: The places where the last 10 pairs of cranial nerves attach to the brain stem and the relation between the crus cerebri, basilar part of pons and the pyramid with the nerves. 3.The Cerebellum: The location, features, lobes, 3 pairs of peduncles and 4 pairs of nuclei of cerebellum. The functional localizations and their fiber joining of cerebellum.4.The Diencephalon:The location and portions of diencephalons.5.The Meninges and Blood Vessels of Brain and Spinal Cord, and the Cerebrospinal Fluid:(1) The meninges of Brain and Spinal Cord.(2) Blood vessels of brain and spinal cord. (3) The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its circulation (4) The brain barriers.


The constructions and functions of the cerebral arterial circle (Willis’s circle).

Time Allotment

(1) The Spinal Cord 1class hour (2) The brain stem 1 class hour (3) The Cerebellum 1 class hour

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Assignment 1.the sublobe of cerebral hemisphere ， the main gyrus in the undersurface of cerebral hemisphere;2.the functional areas in the cerebral cortex

PostscriptMemo 1. Wu Kaiyun. A textbook of systematic anatomy. Soochow University Press. 2006


3. Fang Xiubin, Hu Haitao. Human Anatomy. 20024. Peter L. Williams. Gray’s Anatomy (38 edition). CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE. 1995



课程名称： REGIONAL ANATOMY

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Title of the Course：Regional Anatomy Chapter: Anterior and medial regions of the thigh






Understand the features of the skin and superficial fascia, deep fascia of the thigh, especially the lateral side (iliotibial tract); Master the course and tributaries of the great saphenous vein; Master the muscles of the anterior and medial muscles groups of the thigh including vessels and innervation; Know well the lacuna musculorum, lacuna vasorum, femoral canal (femoral ring); Master well the femoral triangle and it’s content; Understand the femoral artery. femoral nerve, obturator nerve and their branches.

Teaching Content

Clean the skin and the superficial fascia. Find and clean the greater saphenous vein and its 5 tributaries; Identify the superficial inguinal lymph nodes, the cataneous nerve, the fascia latae; Master the boundaries and the contents of the femoral triangle; Understand the position, boundaries and the contents of the lacuna musculorum and lacuna vasorum; Know well the main contents, the origin and insertion of the adductor canal; Identify the anterior group and the medial group of the thigh and their vessels and nerves.

Teaching Find carefully the greater saphenous vein and its 5 tributaries;

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Focus; Difficult Problems and their Solutions

The boundaries and the contents of the femoral triangle;Understand and grasp the boundaries and the contents of the lacuna musculorum and lacuna vasorum

Time Allotment

The introduction of the dissection. (1 teaching hour);The dissection of the skin and fascia (1 teaching hour); The observation of the greater saphenous vein and its 5 tributaries (1 teaching hour); the anterior and medial muscle groups of the thigh, the femoral triangle. (1 teaching hour).

Assignment The femoral triangle and it’s content.(drawing)Summarise the anterior and medial muscles groups of the thigh and their vascularity and innervation.

Postscript Pay attention to the skin and the fascia of the anterior and lateral thigh, carefully dissect the greater saphenous vein and tributaries.



Title of the Course：Regional Anatomy Chapter: The Gluteal Region






Master the layers, vascularity and innervation of the muscles of the gluteal region. Master the location and contents of the suprapiriform foraman and infrapiriform foraman.

Teaching Content

The Gluteal Region:(1) The feature of the skin of the gluteal region, the name and the distribution of cutaneous nerves of the gluteal region, the features of deep fascia of the gluteal region (2) The features of muscles of the gluteal region, include the location, the origin and insertion, the function and innervation. (3) The names, the course, branches and distribution of the gluteal arteries. (4) The names, the course, branches and distribution of the gluteal nerves. (5) The layers and the location of main structures of the gluteal region. (6) The location, and contents of the suprapiriform foraman and infrapiriform foraman.

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Teaching Focus;


The layers, vascularity and innervation of the muscles of the gluteal region. The location, and contents of the suprapiriform foraman and infrapiriform foraman.

Time Allotment

The introduction of the dissection of the gluteal region. (1 teaching hour)The dissection of the gluteal region: the skin and the fiscia (1 teaching hour); The observation of the gluteal muscles (1 teaching hour); the suprapiriform foraman and infrapiriform foraman (1 teaching hour).

Assignment The main structures pass through the infrapiriform foramen.(drawing)Summarise the gluteal muscles and their vascularity and innervation.

Postscript Pay attention to the skin and the fascia of the gluteal region, carefully reflect the gluteal major.



Title of the Course ： Regional Anatomy Chapter: The Back of the Thigh and the Popliteal Fossa






Master the origin and insertion, vascularity and innervation of the muscles of posterior group of the thigh. Master the location, boundaries and contents of the popliteal fossa.

Teaching Content

The Back of the Thigh and the Popliteal Fossa:(1) The feature of the skin and fascia of the back of the thigh and the popliteal fossa. (2) The features of muscles of the back of the thigh, include the location, the origin and insertion, the function and innervetion. (3) The boundaries and the contents of the popliteal fossa and the located relation of the contents. (4) The location and the course of the popliteal artery, the location of the popliteal vein. The 5 articular arteries of the popliteal artery. (5) The location, the course, branches and distribution of the sciatic nerve.

168

Teaching Focus;


The origin and insertion, vascularity and innervation of the muscles of posterior group of the thigh. The location, boundaries and contents of the popliteal fossa

Time Allotment

The introduction of the dissection of the Back of the Thigh and the Popliteal Fossa (1 teaching hour); Dissect the Back of the Thigh. (1 teaching hour); Dissect the popliteal fossa and contents. (1 teaching hour); Summary (1 teaching hour).

Assignment The contents of the popliteal fossa. (drawing) Summarise the muscles of posterior group of the thigh including the vascularity and innervation.

Postscript Pay attention to the location, the course, branches and distribution of the sciatic nerve. Pay attention to the layers of the contents of the popleteal fossa.


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Title of the Course： Regional Anatomy Chapter: The leg and the sole of the foot






Master the anterior, posterior and lateral muscles of the leg (including the location, the origin and insertion, function and innervation, vessels); Know well the superficial veins (the location and the end of the small saphenous vein); Master the location, the contents and their arrange order of the malleolar canal; Master the course, branches and distribution of the common peroneal nerve and the tibial nerve; Know the sole of the foot (skin and fascia, muscles, layers).

Teaching Content

The leg and the foot:(1) The gastrocnemius and soleus, the structures deep to the soleus (muscles, arteries and veins, nerves).(2) The location and structures of malleolar canal and their relationship.(3) The common peroneal nerve and its 2 branches (the superficial and deep peroneal nerves).(4) The muscles of the anterior and lateral groups of the leg.(5) The anterior tibial artery and it’s distribution.

Teaching Focus;


The muscles of the anterior, posterior and lateral of the leg (including the location, the function,vessels and innervation).Understand and master the position, the contents, arrange order of the malleolar canal.

Time Allotment

The introduction of the dissection of the leg and the foot (1 teaching hour); The posterior muscles group and the vessels, verves (1 teaching hour); the malleolar canal and the sole of the foot (1 teaching hour); The anterior and lateral muscle groups and the vessels, verves (1 teaching hour),

Assignment The position, main contents and their arrange order of the malleolar canal. (Drawing)Summarize the location, origin and insertion, function and innervation, vessels of the anterior, posterior and lateral muscles of the leg.Summarize the origin and the end of the small saphenous vein.

Postscript Pay attention to the location and contents of the malleolar canal. Carefully dissect the vessels and nerves between the muscles.

Memo 1. Wang Huaijing, Liu Yong. Regional Anatomy. JILIN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLGY PRESS 2009, Fifth edition2. Lu Mengxiang. Experimental guide book of Human anatomy, 20093. Patrick. W. Tank. Grant’s Dissector. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. fifteenth edition

170



Title of the Course ：Regional Anatomy Chapter: The scapular region and the superficial layer of the

thorax Teacher’s Name: Prof. Title:





Master the location, the origin and insertion, function and vessels, innervation of the superficial muscles of the back, the thoracic wall and the shoulder muscles. Master the Master the location, boundaries and contents of the triangular space, the quadrangular space. Know well the function of the accessory nerve.

Teaching Content

The features of the superficial muscles of the back (the trapezius, the latissimus dorsi, the erector spinae and it’s sheath), including the location, the origin and insertion, function and innervation; The features of the muscles of shoulder (the deltoid, the suprespinatus, the infraspinatus, the teres minor , the teres major and the subscapularis), include the location, the origin and insertion, function and innervation of the deltoid; The boundaries and the contents of the triangular space and the quadrangular space; The courses and the distribution of the accessory nerve, the courses and the distribution of the axillary nerve.

Teaching Focus;


The location, boundaries and contents of the triangular space, the quadrangular space.Understand the characteristic of the muscles and fascia of the back, esp. the sheath of the erector spinae.

Time Allotment

The introduction of the dissection of the scapulat region and the superficial layer of the thorax (1 teaching hour); The dissection of the back and the scapular region (2 teaching hours); The dissection of the superficial layer of the thoracic wall (1 teaching hour).

Assignment The location, boundaries and contents of the triangular space, the quadrangular space. (drawing)Summarize the superficial muscles of the back, the thoracic wall and the shoulder muscles (names, position, function, vessels and innervation).

Postscript Pay attention to the dissection of the triangular space, the quadrangular space.Observe the characteristic of the muscles and fascia of the back, esp. the sheath of the erector spinae.

Memo 1. Wang Huaijing, Liu Yong. Regional Anatomy. JILIN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLGY PRESS 2009, Fifth edition2. Lu Mengxiang. Experimental guide book of Human anatomy, 20093. Patrick. W. Tank. Grant’s Dissector. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. fifteenth

171

edition4. Richard S. Snel. Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2000


Title of the Course： Regional anatomy Chapter: the axilla






Master the name, course, branches and distribution of the main arteries of axillary artery, brachial artery,Master the branches and distribution of the brachial plexus. Master the course and distribution of main nerves (thoracodorsal nerve, long thoracic nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve and axillary nerve), the clinic represent after injuried.Master the location, boundaries of axillary fossa

Teaching Content

(1) The location, the origin and insertion and innervation of the pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior(2) The course, branches and distribution of the long thoracic nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve, axillary nerve and thoracodorsal nerve(3) The course of the lateral thoracic artery, axillary artery, subscapular artery, posterior and anterior humeral circumflex arteries(4) The branches and distribution of the brachial plexus(5) The anterior, posterior, medial and lateral wall of the axillary fossa

Teaching Focus;


The location, the shape and the boundaries of the axillaThe courses and the distribution of the branches of the brachial plexus in the axilla

Time Allotment

Cleaning the axillary fossa 100mintuesConfirm the branches of the brachial plexus and vessels 100mintues

Assignment Writer down the wall’s name of the axillaPostscript Confirm the branches and distribution of the brachial plexus

Memo 1. Wang Huaijing, Liu Yong. Regional Anatomy. JILIN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLGY PRESS 2009, Fifth edition

172

2. Lu Mengxiang. Experimental guide book of Human anatomy, 20093. Patrick. W. Tank. Grant’s Dissector. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. fifteenth edition4. Richard S. Snel. Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2000


Teaching Plan for International Students, TMUTitle of the Course： Regional Anatomy Chapter: anterior surface of the upper limb






To make students well known of the features of the anterior muscles of the forarm. Grasp the course, branches and distribution of the radial a. and ulnar a. in the forearm, master the course, branches and distribution of the musculocutaneous n., the course of the median n. and ulnar n. and the radial n.e. Master the boundaries and the contents of the cubital fossa. The arrangements of the structures in front of the wrist.

Teaching Content

(1) The course of the cephalic, basilic, and median cubital vein(2) The origin and insertion, innervation of the biceps brachii and the brachialis(3) The course and branches of the brachial artery and radial artery(4) The boundary, contents and their collocation of the cubital fossa (5) The location and collocation of the muscles of the superficial, the second, the third and the fourth layer of the anterior group of forearm(6) The course, branches, distribution of the median n., radial n. and ulnar n.(7) The arrangements of the structures in front of the wrist

Teaching Focus;


1. the features of the anterior muscles of the forarm.2.You would have an outline for branches and distribution of the radial artery and ulnar artery in the forearm.3. Master the boundaries and the contents of the cubital fossa. 4. The arrangements of the structures in front of the wrist

Time Allotment

1.exploration the features of the skin and superficial fascia of the anterior compartment of forarm.( 60mintues)2.practice the features of the anterior muscles of the forarm and branches and distribution of the radial a. and ulnar a., the course of the median n. and ulnar n. and the radial n.. ( 140mintues)

Assignment the boundaries and the contents of the cubital fossa.The arrangements of the structures in front of the wrist

Postscript Observe the boundaries and the contents of the cubital fossa

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Teaching Plan for International Students, TMUTitle of the Course： Regional anatomy Chapter: The back of upper limb






Master the name, location, the origin and insertion, function, innervation and vascularity of the muscles of the back of upper limb.

Teaching Content

(1) The location, the origin and insertion, innervation of the triceps brachii(2) The location, layers, the origin and insertion, innervation of the muscles of the posterior group of forearm(3) The course of the posterior interosseous nerve and artery(4) The posterior surface of wrist and the dorsum of hand: the dorsal venous rete of hand, the superficial braches of radial nerve and the dorsal branches of ulnar nerve, the extensor retinaculum and the 6 canals and the structures at each canal, the boundaries and contents of anatomical snuff-box

Teaching Focus;


The location, layers, the origin and insertion, innervation of the muscles of the posterior group of forearmThe posterior surface of wrist and the dorsum of hand: the dorsal venous rete of hand, the superficial braches of radial nerve and the dorsal branches of ulnar nerve, the extensor retinaculum and the 6 canals and the structures at each canal, the boundaries and contents of anatomical snuff-box

Time Allotment

Cleaning the muscles, nerves and vessels 100mintuesConfirm the extensor retinaculum and the 6 canals and the structures at each canal, the boundaries and contents of anatomical snuff-box 100mintues

Assignment Draw a figure about the extensor retinaculum and the 6 canals and the structures at each canal

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Postscript the extensor retinaculum and the 6 canals and the structures at each canalMemo 1. Wang Huaijing, Liu Yong. Regional Anatomy. JILIN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLGY

PRESS 2009, Fifth edition2. Lu Mengxiang. Experimental guide book of Human anatomy, 20093. Patrick. W. Tank. Grant’s Dissector. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. fifteenth edition4. Richard S. Snel. Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2000


Teaching Plan for International Students, TMUTitle of the Course： Regional anatomy Chapter: The palm





Master the name, location, the origin and insertion, function, innervation and vascularity of the muscles of the hand.Master the content of the Carpal canal.

Teaching Content

(1) The structure of the palmar aponeurosis, the flexor retinaculum (transverse ligament) and the carpal canal(2) The branches of the superficial palmar arch and deep palmar arch of hand (3) The groups, name, location and innervation of the muscles of the hand(4) The location and structure of the tendinous sheaths of fingers


The composition of the thenar and hypothenar of the palm and their innervation.Find the superficial palmar arch and the deep palmar arch and grasp the composition muscles.Know the layers of the palmar. Know the spaces of the palmar.Find the content of the carpal canal and remember them.

Time Allotment

Cleaning the muscles, nerves and vessels 120mintuesConfirm the superficial palmar arch and the deep palmar arch , the content of the carpal canal .100mintues

Assignment Draw a figure about the content of the carpal canal

Postscript The layers of main structure of the hand

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Title of the Course：R egional Anatomy Chapter: The Superficial Layer and the Lateral Region

of the Neck


Class： Grade: Department: Dept.of Anatomy




1. Master the names, location, the origin and insertion, function, innervation and vascularity of the muscles of the superficial layer and the lateral region of the neck.2. Master the main arteries, veins and nerves of the superficial layer and the lateral region of the neck.3. Master the composition, branches, distribution of the cervical plexus. Master the course, branches, distribution of the cranial nerves4. Master the scalene fissure.

Teaching Content

1. The platysma, sternocleidomastoid, anterior, middle, posterior scalenus muscles.2. The position of the external jugular vein and anterior jugular vein, their receiving and drainage.3. The composition, branches, distribution of the cervical plexus; the composition, course and distribution of phrenic nerve.4. The boundary and the main transmitting contents of the scalene fissure.

Teaching Focus;


1. The names, position, (especially the situation relation with the sternocleidomastoid), origin and distribution of the cutaneous nerve of the neck.2. The composition, course and distribution of phrenic nerve.3. The boundaries and main contents of the scalene fissure.

Time Allotment

1. Giving a lecture about the main contents of the superficial layer and the lateral region of the neck. (50 minutes)2. Doing the practice by the direction of teacher. (150 minutes)

Assignment Please draw a figure about the boundaries and main contents of the scalene fissure.

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Postscript 1. Master the main arteries, veins and nerves of the superficial layer and the lateral region of the neck.2. Master the boundaries and main contents of the scalene fissure.



Title of the Course： R egional A natomy Chapter: Review for middle examination


Class： Grade: Department: Dept.of Anatomy




1. Master the name, location and function of the muscles of the upper limb and the lower

limb.

2. Master the blood supply and the innervation of the muscles of the upper limb and the lower

limb.

3. Master important regional structures, include the position, the shape, the boundaries and the

main contents.

4. Understand the main course, the continuation and the branches of the main vessels in the

four limbs

Teaching Content

Review the muscles of the upper limb and the lower limb on the cadaver.

Review the blood supply and the innervation of the muscles of the upper limb and the lower

limb on the cadaver.

Review important regional structures, include the position, the shape, the boundaries and the

main contents.

Review the main course, the continuation and the branches of the main vessels in the four

limbs.

Teaching Focus;


Master important regional structures (include the position, the shape, the boundaries and the

main contents).

Master the main course, the continuation and the branches of the main vessels in the four

limbs.

Time Allotment

1. The Review of the upper Limb (100minutes)

2. The Review of the lower Limb (100minutes)

Assignment Review all the contents of four limbs

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Postscript Understand the important regional structures and main course, the continuation and the branches of the main vessels of upper and lower limbs.



Title of the Course ： Regional Anatomy Chapter: Anterior region of the neck and the

sternocleidomastoid region






To make students well known of contents of the carotid sheath, The following structures deep to the mylohyoid (on the surface of hyoglossus), main branches of the external carotid artery

Teaching Content

1. The location, contents of the carotid sheath 2. The course, branches, distribution of the internal carotid artery and external carotid artery, the location and innervation of the carotid sinus and body3. The following structures deep to the mylohyoid (on the surface of hyoglossus)4. The location and drainage of the venous angle5. The location of anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid

Teaching Focus;


their Solutions

1. The location, contents of the carotid sheath 2. The course, branches, distribution of the internal carotid artery and external carotid artery, the location and innervation of the carotid sinus and body3. The following structures deep to the mylohyoid: the deep portion of submandibular gland and the duct of submandibular gland; the lingual nerve and the submandibular ganglion; the hypoglossal nerve

Time Allotment

1. The location, contents of the carotid sheath (50 minutes) 2. The main branches of the external carotid artery (50 minutes)3. The following structures deep to the mylohyoid (50 minutes)4. Review (50 minutes)

Assignment Please draw a figure about the location, contents of the carotid sheath Postscript 1. Master the location, contents of the carotid sheath

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2. Master the course, branches and distribution of the vagus nerve, accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve.



Title of the Course：R egional A natomy Chapter: The Anterior Region and the Root of the Neck





1. Master the names and location of the muscles of the anterior region and the root of the neck.2. Master the main arteries, veins and nerves of the anterior region and the root of the neck.3. Master the features of the thyroid gland. 4. Master the branches of the subclavian artery.

Teaching Content

1. The origin, main trunk and branches of subclavian artery and vein, the course of the vertebral artery.2.The borders, contents and their position, layer relationship of muscular trigone3.The names, positions, layers and actions of infrahyoid muscles4. The shape, covering, situation and vessels of the thyroid gland.5. The origin, components, course, distribution and relation with superior thyroid artery of superior laryngeal nerve, the origin, components, course and distribution of recurrent laryngeal nerve.6. The position, branches and distribution of cervical sympathetic trunk and superior, middle, inferior cervical ganglions7. The situation and relation of copular of pleura.


1. The features of the thyroid gland2. The branches of the subclavian artery. 3. The location and neighbor of the cupula of pleura. 4. The sympathetic trunks in the neck.

Time Allotment

1. Giving a lecture about the main contents of the anterior region and the root of the neck. (50 minutes)2. Doing the practice by the direction of the teacher. (50 minutes)

Assignment Please draw a figure about the arteries of the thyroid gland and their relations

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with the nerves.Postscript 1. Master the main arteries, veins and nerves of the anterior region and the root

of the neck.2. Master the features of the thyroid gland.



Title of the Course ：Regional Anatomy Chapter: The intercostal spaces, the pleura and the pleural

cavity






To make students well known of the construction of intercostals spaces and the arrangement relationship between intercostal vessels and nerves; Grasp the concept of pleura and pleural cavity. and the subsection of parietal pleura.

Teaching Content

1.The structure of the intercostal space, the location and layer of the external intercostal muscle and the internal intercostal muscle2.The structure of the pleura, the location of the pleural cavity and the recesses3.The structure and collocation of the root of lung4.The collocation of the intercostals arteries, veins and the nerves

Teaching Focus;


1.the construction of intercostals spaces 2. the subsection of parietal pleura3. the arrangement relationship between intercostal vessels and nerves

Time Allotment

1. the construction of intercostals spaces and the arrangement relationship between intercostal vessels and nerves; (100minutes) 2. the subsection of parietal pleura (100minutes)

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Assignment the arrangement relationship between intercostal vessels and nerves

Postscript the position and its clinical significance of costodiaphragmatic sinus



Teaching Plan for International Students, TMUTitle of the Course： Regional Anatomy Chapter: the mediastinum






Master the divisions and the boundaries of the mediastinum. Grasp the cotents of the left and right side of the mediastinum

Teaching Content

(1) The divisions and the boundaries of the mediastinum(2) The course and drainage of the azygos vein and hemiazygos vein(3) The course of the left and right phrenic nerve(4) The shape and location of the esophagus(5) The course of the left and right vagus nerve(6) The location of left and right sympathetic trunk, sympathetic ganglia and the communicating branches(7) The location and course of the aortic arch, thoracic aorta and its branches(8) The location and course of the upper part of thoracic duct(9) The location and course of the right and left greater splanchnic nerve

Teaching Focus;


1. the divisions and the boundaries of the mediastinum2. confirm the cotents of the left and right side of the mediastinum

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Time Allotment

the cotents of the left and right side of the mediastinum (150minutes)confirm the structures (50minutes)

Assignment the cotents of the left and right side of the mediastinum Postscript confirm the cotents of the left and right side of the mediastinum



Teaching Plan for International Students, TMUTitle of the Course：Regional Anatomy Chapter: The anterior and lateral abdominal wall






To make students well known of grasp the position, layer, approximate origin and insertion, muscle fiber direction and function of muscles of abdominal wall. Master the location, composition, boundaries and characteristic of the sheath of rectus abdominis, arcuate line, linea alba, inguinal triangle and inguinal canal.

Teaching Content

1.First watching the video and then do experiment 2.Anatomic methods study:Separate anterior abdominal wall, know the characteristic of skin and superficial fascia of anterior abdominal wall. muscle fiber direction and function of muscles of abdominal wall.Master the location, composition, boundaries and characteristic of the sheath of rectus abdominis, arcuate line, linea alba, inguinal triangle and inguinal canal.

Teaching Focus;


1.Grasp the layers of anterior abdominal wall . Grasp muscle fiber direction and function of muscles of abdominal wall 2.You would have an outline for the location, composition, boundaries and characteristic of the sheath of rectus abdominis, arcuate line, linea alba, inguinal triangle and inguinal canal.

1.exploration of the layers of anterior abdominal wall .(1 hour)

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Time Allotment

2.practice of inguinal triangle and inguinal canal. (1 hour)3.practice of boundaries and characteristic of the sheath of rectus abdominis, arcuate line, linea alba.4. review.(1 hour)

Assignment The boundaries of inguinal trianglePostscript confirm the cotents of the inguinal canal



Title of the Course： Regional anatomy Chapter: Supracolic compartment





(1) The structure of the superior colic region: the liver (include falciform ligament, coronary ligament, triangular ligament and round ligament) and the right kidney, right suprarenal gland, hepatorenal recess; the stomach; the spleen and the left kidney, left suprarenal gland; the lesser omentum , the omental bursa, the greater omentum and the pancreas(2) The branches and distribution of celiac trunk

Teaching Content

(1) the lesser omentum, the origin of the left and right gastric arteries (2) The location of the cystic duct and common hepatic duct(3) The location and boundary of the cystic trigone (Calot’s trigone), the location

of the cystic artery(4) The location of the celiac plexus and hepatic plexus, the location and course of the celiac trunk and its 3 branches(5) The structures of the greater omentum (6) The location and shape and vascularity of the pancreas (7) The location and shape of the spleen(8) The location of the hepatic portal vein(9) The branches and distribution of celiac trunk

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The branches and distribution of celiac trunkThe omental bursa

Time Allotment

The branches and distribution of celiac trunk(100minutes)The omental bursa (50minutes)Observe (50minutes)

Assignment draw a picture showing the branches of celiac trunk and the cystic trigone. Postscript The blood supply of the stomch



Title of the Course： Regional Anatomy Chapter: the infracolic compartment






To make students well known of position of The infra colic compartment, Arterial supply and venous return of main structures(the jejunum, ileum cecum, colon and appendix)Vascular distribution of hepatic portal system.

Teaching Content

1.First watching the video and then do experiment 2.Anatomic methods study:Separate right part of mesenteries and retroperineum carefully in order to show vascular supply and venous return of each organ, separate the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries and veins , watch out the pathways of their branches, superior mesenteric nodes and neural plexus

Teaching Focus; Difficult Problems and their

1.Vascular distribution of branches of superior and inferior mesenteric arteries , arterial supply and venous return of jejunum, ileum, cecum , appendix, rectum and colon. 2.You would have an outline for origins and distribution the autonomic nerves, as well as positions of superior and inferior mesenteric nodes.3.explain the word of marginal artery

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SolutionsTime Allotment 8:00-8:50 exploration of compartment of inferior colon

9:00-9:50 practice of superior mesenterc artery and its branches 10:00-10:50 practice of IMA11:00-11:50 review (portal vein and its tributaries and anastomose )

Assignment The main branches of superior and inferior mesenteric arteries and distribution

Postscript Case discussed: portal hypertension (type B hepatitis-hepatic cirrhosis-portal hypertension-varicose- hemorrhea-death rate up)

Memo 1. Wang Huaijing, Liu Yong. Regional Anatomy. JILIN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLGY

PRESS 2009, Fifth edition


3. Patrick. W. Tank. Grant’s Dissector. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. fifteenth edition



Title of the Course： R egional A natomy Chapter:The retroperitoneal space and the pelvis Teacher’s Name: Prof. Title: Class： Grade: Department: Dept. of anatomy Time ： Date （ D/M/Y ）：



1.Grasp the position, neighbor, shape, structure, artery, vein, lymphatic return and nerves of kidney, the layer of the coverings of kidney, and the clinical significance of adipose capsule of kidney. The position, origin and insertion, course and three constrictions of the ureter. Grasp the location and the shape of the suprarenal glands, the origin of the suprarenal arteries, the location and drainage of the veins of the suprarenal glands 2. Grasp the position, branchs and distribution of abdominal aorta and common iliac artery. 3. Grasp the position, reception and return of major lymph nodes groups in retroperitoneal space. 4. Grasp the position, composition, major branches and distribution of lumbar plexus. the location of the lumbosacral trunk. the position and composition of celiac plexus, abdominal aortic plexus and superior hypogastric plexus.

Teaching Content

1. The Dissection of the Retroperitoneal Space The Retroperitoneal Space(1) The layer of the coverings of kidney, and the clinical significance of adipose capsule of kidney (2) The three constrictions of the ureter.(3) The suprarenal glands, the origin of the suprarenal arteries, the location and drainage of the veins of the suprarenal glands.(4) The

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inferior vena cava, the retroperitoneal space, the synthesis of cisterna chyli and its position and appearance. (5) the celiac plexus, abdominal aortic plexus and superior hypogastric plexus.2. The dissection of PelvisThe position and course of the ureter, the location and shape of the urinary bladder. The course of the ductus deferens (female: the course of the round ligament of uterus). The course, branches and subdivision the common iliac artery. The course and situation of the lumbosacral trunk and the pelvis splanchnic nerve

Teaching Focus;


their Solutions

The layer of the coverings of kidney. The position, reception and return of major lymph nodes groups in retroperitoneal space, the synthesis of cisterna chyli and its position and appearance. The location of the lumbar lymph nodes and the abdominal aortic plexus, the lumbar portion of sympathetic trunk and lumbosacral trunk, the lumbar plexus and its branches. the position and composition of celiac plexus, abdominal aortic plexus and superior hypogastric plexus, the position and property of celiac ganglion and aorticorenal ganglion The course and situation of the lumbosacral trunk and the pelvis splanchnic nerve.

Time Allotment

1. The Dissection of the Retroperitoneal Space The Retroperitoneal Space 100minutes2. The dissection of Pelvis 100minute

Assignment The blood supply of the suprerenal gland. (draw a figure)The main structures within the renal pedicle. (draw a figure) The branches of the lumbar plexus. (summary)

PostscriptMemo 1. Wang Huaijing, Liu Yong. Regional Anatomy. JILIN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLGY

PRESS 2009, Fifth edition2. Lu Mengxiang. Experimental guide book of Human anatomy, 20093. Patrick. W. Tank. Grant’s Dissector. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. fifteenth edition4. Richard S. Snel. Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2000


Title of the Course： R egional A natomy Chapter: Review for final examination






1. Master the name, location and function of the muscles of the walls of the thorax and the abdomen 2. Master the location, the shape, the adjacent relationship of the viscera in the abdominal cavity. Grasp the main structure of the two sides of the mediastinum. 3. Master the blood supply and their origin of the important viscera: stomach, suprarenal gland 4. Master

186

the main branches of the abdominal aorta, the formation of the hepatic portal vein and its tributeries. 5. Master the important regional structures, include the position, the shape, the boundaries and the main contents. 6. Different portions of the parietal pleura.7. Master the layers of the abdominal wall. Understand the formation of the sheath of the rectus abdominis and the linea alba. 8. Master the greater and the lesser omenta. Understand the structures formed by the peritoneum. 9. Grasp the main branches of the lumbar plexus. Understand the abdominal and pelvic part of the sympathetic trunk and the related sympathetic ganglion.

Teaching Content

Review the name, location and function of the muscles of the walls of the thorax and the abdomen Review the location, the shape, the adjacent relationship of the viscera in the abdominal cavity. Review the main structure of the two sides of the mediastinum. Review the blood supply and their origin of the important viscera: stomach, suprarenal gland Review the main branches of the abdominal aorta, the formation of the hepatic portal vein and its tributeries. Review the important regional structures, include the position, the shape, the boundaries and the main contents. Review the different portions of the parietal pleura. Review the layers of the abdominal wall. Review the formation of the sheath of the rectus abdominis and the linea alba. Review the greater and the lesser omenta. Review the structures formed by the peritoneum. Review the main branches of the lumbar plexus. Review the abdominal and pelvic part of the sympathetic trunk and the related sympathetic ganglion.

Teaching Focus;Difficult Problems and their Solutions

important regional structures, include the position, the shape, the boundaries and the main contents in the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity.

Time Allotment

1. The Review of the head and the neck 50minutes2. The Review of the thoracic cavity 50minutes3. The Review of the abdominal cavity 100minutes

Assignment Review all the contents of head, neck, thorax and the abdomen, pelvicPostscript


10. 教学计划变更执行审批表天津医科大学国际医学院教学计划变更执行审批表

187

班级课程名称教师

教学计划变更方案

及变更原因

审批意见

签字

年月日

审批编号

11.调课申请表

188

天津医科大学国际医学院教师调整课程申请表班级课程名称教师

排定上课时间排定上课地点调整后上课时间调整后上课地点

调课理由教学主管领导

意见

12.课堂和实验室纪律规范189

天津医科大学国际医学院学生课堂和实验室纪律规范（中英文）课堂是教师向学生传播知识和技能的地方，是学生学习吸收将来神圣职业所需本领的

圣堂。为了使学生能够在一个整洁、和谐、安静、有序的环境充分学到所教的知识和技能，颁

布如下规定，希望学生严格遵守。1、学生应勤奋学习，自觉遵守课堂和实验室规定和学习纪律。按时上课，认真听

讲。2、因病、因特殊原因请假者，应到留学生办公室请假。病假必须有医院证明，并

及时报告老师。凡未请假而缺课者，均按旷课论。3、学生应按照课程安排准时来教室上课，不得旷课和无故迟到；迟到十分钟按

旷课论。4、上课期间不得随便出入教室，不准接打手机、吸烟、吃东西、喝饮料。上课时不

准出教室接打手机。5、上课期间不得与他人交谈、睡觉、听音乐，不得影响别人听课。6、上课期间不得请假；中途离开者，按照旷课论处。7、严格遵守实验室的规定和纪律。实验课、临床见习、实习必须穿白大衣；遵照老

190

师的要求积极动手完成实验、见习和实习课程。实验结束后，主动帮助老师收

拾好实验用具、打扫卫生。8、损坏实验设备者要照价赔偿。

本规定自公布之日起执行。


2008-12-23

Discipline Standard in Classroom and Laboratory

Classroom is a sacred place where the teachers spread knowledge and skills; it is also where the students study and absorb all the professional knowledge for their future career. In order to give students a tidy, harmonious, quiet and orderly environment so that they can sufficiently get the knowledge, we hereby issue the following rules, and we hope every student will observe them strictly.

1. You should study hard, and willingly observe the rules and disciplines for classrooms and laboratories. You should attend the class on time, and listen to the teachers carefully.

2. If you have to take a day off and be absent from class, you need to come to the foreign student office and ask for it. If you are sick, you need to present the medical certificate from the doctor, and report to your teacher in time. If you don’t do so, it will be regarded as truancy.

3. You should come to your classroom on time according to your timetable, you can’t play truant or be late for class. If you are more than 10 minutes late for class, it is regarded as truancy.

4. During class time, you can’t go in and out of the classroom. You can’t make or receive phone

191

calls from your mobile phone. Smoking is strictly forbidden, and no food or drinks are allowed inside the classroom. Besides, you can’t go outside the classroom to make or receive phone calls.

5. You can’t talk to other students during class. No sleeping or listening to music. You can’t interfere others listening to the lecture.

6. You can’t ask for a leave during class time; if you leave the classroom half way through the class, this will be regarded as truancy.

7. You should observe the rules and disciplines in the laboratory. You have to wear lab-coat during experiment, clinical observation and internship. You should actively do and finish what you are required by your teacher in a hand-on approach. Upon finishing the experiment, you should voluntarily help the teacher clean the lab and put the things back neatly.

8. If you break anything in the lab, you have to pay for it.

These rules and disciplines take effect from the date when it is issued.

International Medical School, TMU

2008-12-25

13.学生实验报告Experiment:

Class： Name： Roll No.：[Principle]

192

[Method]

[Results]

[Discussion]

193

14.监考记录及考场规则

天津医科大学国际医学院监考记录20 ___---20___学年第____学期期____考试

考试科目：______________ 年级：______________

194

考试时间：______________ 专业：______________

考试地点：______________ 班级：______________

1.监考老师及考生是否于考前 15 分钟进入考场？是否2.考前是否宣读考试规定？是否3.是否核查了考生的有关证件？是否4.是否准确统计了考生人数？是否

考场人数：__________名，实考__________名，缺考__________名。缺考学生记录：序号姓名学号

5.违纪考生记录：

6.是否按时收回试卷？是否7.监考教师签字：备注

Examination Rules for International Students

1. You must enter the examination room 15 MINUTES before the time scheduled for the commencement of

the examination.

2. You must leave all of your study materials and bags in the front of the examination room and put your

Student Card on the upper left corner of your desk for check.

3. You must write your roll number and your name on the examination paper first.

4. During the examination, you are not allowed to bring your mobile phones into the examination room.

195

5. You must observe absolute silence in the examination room. You must not communicate by word of mouth

or otherwise with other students. You must not borrow any stationery (e.g. pens, rulers, erasers, calculators,

etc.) from others during the examination. You must not peep at other students’ papers or exchange papers

with others.

6. You must use black or dark blue ball-point pens / pens for writing answers. Examination papers completed

by pencils or red pens will be null (examination questions which require drawing pictures excluded).

7. You must observe the prevailing non-smoking rule in the examination room. Food and drink are also not

allowed.

8. You must remain seated at the end of the examination. You must not communicate with other students

while all completed examination papers are being collected by the invigilators

9. You must not talk or discuss outside the examination room after submitting your paper in advance, as this

may disturb other students who may still be sitting for the examination.

International Medical College

15.巡考记录

200 —— 200 学年第学期（期中、末）考试领导巡视考场记录

196

时间：地点：

197

记录：

签字：

16.试卷套头Mid/Final term Examination Paper (A/B)

for International Students, Grade 2009

（1st /2nd Semester, 20 ——20 ）Course：(教师填写) Class： Name： Roll No.：

198

Serial No. I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X TotalScore

Marking Person

□I.1.2.

□II.1.2.

□III.1.2.

□IV.1.2.

-1-

199

□V.1.2.

□VI.1.2.3.

-2-

Course： Class： Name： Roll No.：

200

装订线

-3-

17.试卷样卷及答案Final Examination Paper (A)


201

装订线

Normal Human Structure 1___Systematic Anatomy

( 2nd Semester, 2013 ——2014）Specialty： Class： Name： Roll No.：

-1-

202


Marking Person

□I. Define the following terms (18marks, 3’ each)1. the pterion:

2. the duodenal major papilla:

3. the tricuspid complex:

4. the renal sinus:

5. the macula lutea:

6. the ganglion:

5. optic disc

□II. Each question below contains four suggested answers. Choose the best response to each question. (15 marks, 1’ each)1. At the anatomical position, the sternal angle is at the level of ( ).

A. the 2nd costal cartilage B. the 4th costal cartilageC. the 6th costal cartilage D. the 7th costal cartilage

2. Which 2 curvatures of spinal column are formed after birth? ( )A. The cervical and thoracic curvatures.B. The cervical and sacral curvatures.C. The lumbar and sacral curvatures.D. The cervical and lumbar curvatures.

3. The masticatory muscles include the ( ).A. orbicularis oculi, occipitofrontalis, masseter and temporalisB. masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoidC. masseter, temporalis, buccinator and hypoglossusD. digastric, mylohyoid, stylohyoid and geniohyoid

4. Which one is NOT the inlet of the right atrium? ( )A. The orifice of superior vena cava.B. The orifice of inferior vena cava.C. The orifice of the coronary sinus.D. The orifice of the pulmonary vein.

5. The thoracic duct collects the lymphatic trunks, EXCEPT the ( ).A. intestinal trunk B. right subclavian trunkC. left and right lumbar trunks D. left jugular trunk

6. Which gland DOES NOT belong to the salivary gland? ( ).A. the parotid gland B. the sublingual glandC. the thyroid gland D. the submandibular gland

7. The innermost covering of kidney is ( ).A. the fibrous capsule B. the adipose capsuleC. the renal fascia D. the peritoneum

8. Which one belongs to the vascular tunic of the wall of eyeball? The ( ).A. cornea B. retinaC. ciliary body D. conjunctiva

-2-Specialty： Class： Name： Roll No.：

203

装订线

9. Which structure DOES NOT belong to the membranous labyrinth? ( ).

A. The utricle B. The saccule

C. The vestibule D. the cochlear duct

10. Which nerve supplies the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue? ( )

A. the hypoglossal nerve B. the accessory nerve

C. the trigeminal nerve D. the cervical plexus

11. The cerebral arterial circle (of Willis) is formed by ( ).

A. the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries

B. the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries, the anterior and posterior communicating arteries, and

internal carotid arteries

C. the internal carotid artery and vertebral artery

D. anterior and posterior cerebral arteries, the anterior and posterior communicating arteries, and

middle cerebral arteries

12. Select the INCORRECT statement concerning the spinal cord. ( )

A. The gray matter is central.

B. The white matter is peripheral.

C. The motor nerves leave the anterior roots.

D. The sensory nerves enter the anterior roots.

13. Following radical resection of a primary tongue tumor, a 72-year-old patient has lost general

sensation on the anterior two thirds of the tongue, this is probably due to injury to branches of which

of the following nerves? ( ).

A. The trigeminal nerve B. The facial nerve

C. The glossopharyngeal nerve D.The vagus nerve

14. The cerebrospinal fluid is produced by ( ).A. the ciliary body B. the choroid plexusC. the tissue cells D. the ventricle of the brain

-3-

204

-4-

-4-

205

15. Which one IS NOT the cerebellar nucleus? ( ).A. the dentate nucleus B. the caudate nucleusC. the emboliform nucleus D. the fastigial nucleus

□III. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words. (15 marks, 0.5 mark each)1. The , and are the accessory structures of the synovial joints.2. The tendo calcaneus is the common tendon of the and . A common name of this 2 muscles is ___________________.3. The typical structures of the cecum and colon are , , and .4. The main branches of the external carotid artery are_______ _________, ____________, , _______ _____and ___________________.5. The parietal pleura can be divided into ____________________, _____________________, ___________________and ______________________. The lowest portion of the pleural cavity locates in ____________________________.6. Lesions in the __________side of the optic tract, optic radiation or optic center produce blindness in the right halves of both visual fields.7. The receptors of hearing and balance sensation include ______ ___________, ___________________, ________________ and _______________.8. The median nerve is easily to be injuried at __________________. After injury, the typical sign is ________________. The common peroneal nerve is easily to be injuried at __________________. After injury, the typical sign is ________________.9. Two enlargements occur along course of the spinal cord, __________________ and _______________________.

□IV. Answer the following questions. (52 marks)1. Please write down the connections between every 2 vertebrae. (4’)

Specialty： Class： Name： Roll No.：2. Please write down 3 apertures in the diaphragm including hiatus names, levels, main contents.

(6’)

3. What is the normal pacemaker? Please write out the composition of the conduction system of the

heart. ( 4’)

4. What are the names and positions (include the level with the vertebra and the distance from the

incisor teeth) of three constrictions of the esophagus? (6’ )

5. Please write out the names, adjoining structures and openings of the anterior and posterior walls of the tympanic cavity. (3’)

206

装订线

-5-

207

6. What is the normal position of the uterus and what are the structures maintaining the normal position of the uterus? (5’)

7. Please write out the names of the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve and their places

transmitted through the skull, and the skin distribution in the head and neck respectively. (6’)

8. Please write out the corresponding functional localizations of the somatic sensory area, somatic motor area, visual area, auditory area and writing area. (5’)

9. Please write down the deep sensory pathway of the lower limbs. (6’)

10. Describe the location, portions name of the internal capsule. What are the symptoms the reasons of left internal capsule injuried? (7’)

-6-Final Examination Paper ( A ) -answers


Normal Human Structure 1___Systematic Anatomy

( 2nd Semester, 2013 ——2014）

208

□I. Define the following terms (18marks, 3’ each)1. the pterion: At the anteroinferior wall of the temporal fossa, the area where the four bones, parietal. Frontal, sphenoid and temporal, approach to each other, is referred to the pterion(2’). It is the thinnest part of the lateral wall of the skull. Clinically, the pterion is an important area because it overlies the anterior division of the middle meningeal artery and vein.(1’)

2. the duodenal major papilla: It is a structure at the posteromedial wall of the descending part(1’) of the duodenum. The common bile duct(1’) and the pancreatic duct (1’)unite to open at here.

3. the tricuspid complex: The tricuspid complex includes the right atrioventricular fibrous ring (0.5’), tricuspid valves (0.5’), chordae tendineae (0.5’) and papillary muscles (0.5’). The function of these structures is to prevent the blood backward flowing from left ventricle to left atrium.(1’)

4. the renal sinus: The renal hilum leads into a central recess (1’) named the renal sinus, which is filled with the branches of the renal artery and vein, nerves, lymphatic vessels, minor renal calices, major renal calices, renal pelvis and adipose tissue (2’).

5. the macula lutea: Near the center of the posterior part of the retina, About 3.5 mm to the temporal side of the optic disc(1’), there is an oval yellowish area, named the macula lutea ( yellow spot )(1’), it shows a central depression termed the fovea centralis where visual acuity is highest(1’).

6. the ganglion: Nerve cells with the same shape, function and connections(2’) outside the CNS(1’) are grouped together into ganglion.

装订线

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□II. Each question below contains four suggested answers. Choose the best response to each question. (15 marks, 1’ each)

1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. A11. B 12. D 13. A 14. B 15 B

□III. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words. (15 marks, 0.5 mark each)1. The (ligament), (articular disc) and (articular labrum) are the accessory structures of the synovial joints.2. The tendo calcaneus is the common tendon of the (soleus) and (gastrocnemius). A common name of this 2 muscles is (triceps surae).3. The typical structures of the cecum and colon are the (colic bands), (haustras of colon) and (epiploic appendices).4. The main branches of the external carotid artery are the (superior thyroid artery), (lingual artery), (facial artery), (maxillary artery) and (superficial temporal artery).5. The parietal pleura can be divided into (the costal pleura), (the diaphragmatic pleura), (the mediastinal pleura) and (the cupula of pleura). The lowest portion of the pleural cavity locates in (the costodiaphragmatic recess).6. Lesions in the (left) side of the optic tract, optic radiation or optic center produce blindness in the right halves of both visual fields.7. The receptors of hearing and balance sensation include the (spiral organ), (macula utriculi), (macula sacculi) and (crista ampullaris).8. The median nerve is easily to be injuried at (the front of the wrist). After injury, the typical sign is (“ape-like” hand). The common peroneal nerve is easily to be injuried at (the neck of fibula). After injury, the typical sign is the (“foot drop” or “talipes equinovarus”).9. Two enlargements occur along course of the spinal cord, (cervical enlargement) and (lumbosacral enlargement).

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-2-

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□IV. Answer the following questions. (52 marks)1. Please write down the connections between every 2 vertebrae. (4’)The connection for two vertebrae includes the joints of vertebral bodies and the joints of vertebral arches.The joints of vertebral bodies include the intervertebral disc(0.5’), anterior longitudinal ligament(0.5’), posterior longitudinal ligament(0.5’).The joints of vertebral arches include the Ligamenta flava (yellow ligament) (0.5’), Interspinous ligament(0.5’), Supraspinous ligament(0.5’), Intertansverse ligament (0.5’), and Zygapophysial joints(0.5’).

2. Please write 3 apertures in the diaphragm including hiatus names, levels, main contents. (6’)

Hiatus names Position Main contentsAortic hiatus(0.5’) 12th T(0.5’) Thoracic aorta, thoracic duct

(1’)

Esophageal hiatus(0.5’) 10th T(0.5’) Esophagus, vagus trunks(1’)

Vena caval foramen(0.5’) 8th T(0.5’) Inferior vena cava(1’)

3. What is the normal pacemaker? Please write out the composition of the conduction system of the heart. ( 4’)

The sinoatrial node (SA node) is called the normal pacemaker (1’). The Conduction System of the Heart comprises the sinoatrial node(0.5’), the internodal tract(0.5’), atrioventricular node(0.5’), atrioventricular bundle(0.5’) and its left and right branch(0.5’) and the Purkinje fibers(0.5’).

4. What are the names and positions (include the level with the vertebra and the distance from the incisor teeth) of three constrictions of the esophagus? (6’ )There are three constrictions of the esophagus: ①at its commencement(1’), 15cm from the incisor teeth(0.5’), at the level with the sixth cervical vertebra(0.5’); ②where is crossed by the left bronchus(1’), 25cm from the incisor teeth(0.5’), at the level with the fourth thoracic vertebra(0.5’); ③where it passes through the diaphragm(1’), 40cm from the incisor teeth(0.5’), at the level with the tenth thoracic vertebra(0.5’).

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5. Please write out the names, adjoining structures and openings of the anterior and posterior walls of the tympanic cavity. (3’)The anterior wall of the tympanic cavity is carotid wall(0.5’), adjoining structure is internal carotid artery(0.5’), openings is tympanic opening of auditory tube(0.5’).The posterior wall of the tympanic cavity is mastoid wall(0.5’), adjoining structure is mastoid antrum (0.5’), openings is the opening of mastoid antrum (0.5’).

6. What is the normal position of the uterus and what are the structures maintaining the normal position of the uterus? (5’)Normally the location of uterus is slightly anteversion and anteflextion. (1’)The support ligaments have four kinds. The broad ligaments(1’);The round ligaments of uterus(1’);The cardinal ligaments(1’);The uterosacral ligaments(1’)

7. Please write out the names of the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve and their places transmitted

through the skull, and the skin distribution in the head and neck respectively. (6’)Divisions names place transmitted

through the skullskin distribution in the head and neck

The ophthalmic nerve(0.5’) Superior orbital fissure(0.5’)

skin above the fissure of eye and the back of nose(1’)

The maxillary nerve(0.5’) Foramen rotundum(0.5’)

skin between the fissure of eye and the mouth(1’)

The mandibular nerve(0.5’) Foramen ovale(0.5’)

skin below the fissure of mouth and the anterior surface of the auricle(1’)

8. Please write out the corresponding functional localizations of the somatic sensory area, somatic motor area, visual area, auditory area and writing area. (5’)Somatic sensory area lies in postcentral gyrus and posterior portion of paracentral lobule(1’). Somatic motor area located in precentral gyrus and anterior portion of paracentral lobule(1’). Visual area lie on either side of calcarine sulcus in medial surface of occipital lobe(1’). Auditory area located in transverse temporal gyri(1’). Writing area located in posterior portion of the middle frontal gyrus (0.5’) of left cerebral hemisphere(0.5’).

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9. Please write down the deep sensory pathway of the lower limbs. (6’)Lower limb receptors (muscle, tendon, joint and skin)(1’)→spinal nerve(0.5’) →the spinal ganglion(0.5’) → the fasciculus gracilis (0.5’) → the medial lemniscus decussation (medullar oblongata)(1’) → the medial lemnisci(0.5’) → the Ventral posterolateral nucleus(VPL) of thalamus (0.5’) → the thalamocortical tract(0.5’) → go through the posterior limb of internal capsule (0.5’) → project into the posterior part of the paracentral lobule(0.5’).

10. Describe the location, portions name of the internal capsule. What are the symptoms the reasons of left internal capsule injuried? (7’)The internal capsule is a thick lamina of white matter(0.5’) lying between caudate nucleus(0.5’), thalamus(0.5’) and lentiform nucleus(0.5’).Three portions of the internal capsule: anterior limb(0.5’), genu(0.5’), posterior limb(0.5’).

The injury of left internal capsule can produce symptoms below： “three unsymmetrical”

1 、 the right half body sensory deprivation(0.5’) （ the injury of central thalamic

radiations(0.5’)）2 、 the right hemiplegia(0.5’) （ the injury of corticonuclear tract and corticospinal

tract(0.5’)）3、the right half blindness of two visual field (0.5’)（the injury of optic radiation(0.5’)）4、alogia (aphasia) (0.5’)

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Normal Human Structure 2—Topographic Anatomy

Final Examination Paper (A)


（1st Semester, 2014——2015）Specialty： Class： Name： Roll No.：

213


Marking Person

□I. Define the Following Words. (30’)1. Quadrangular space:

2. Scalene fissure:

3. Femoral triangle:

4. Lumbosacral trunk:

5. Carotid sheath：

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装订线


6. Tricuspid complex:

7. Superficial inguinal ring:

8. Carotid sinus:

9. Lesser omentum:

10. Inguinal triangle:

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□II. Directions: Each question below contains four suggested answers.

Choose the best one response to each question. (10’)1. The recurrent laryngeal nerve is the branch of the ( ).

A. phrenic nerve B. accessory nerve

C. vagus nerve D. sympathetic nerve

2. Which artery DOESN”T arise from the inferior mesenteric artery? The ( ).

A. left colic artery B. sigmoid artery

C. superior rectal artery D. right colic artery

3. About the corresponding relations between the distribution of the anterior branches of the

thoracic nerves and body surface sign, which statement is INCORRECT? ( ).

A. T2----sternal angle B. T8---- the costal arch

C. T4----xiphoid process D. T10----the umbilicus

4. The nerve descending vertically across the surface of the scalenus anterior toward the thorax is

( ).

A. the brachial plexus B. the vagus nerve

C. the phrenic nerve D. the hypoglossal nerve

5. Which structure passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm? The ( ).

A. phrenic nerve B. thoracic duct

C. posterior vagal trunk D. left gastric artery

6. Which one ISN’T the branch of the celiac trunk? The ( ).

A. left gastric artery B. common hepatic artery

C. splenic artery D. superior mesenteric artery7. The following structures are embedded in hepatoduodenal ligament except the ( ).

A. cystic duct B. hepatic portal vein

C. proper hepatic artery D. common bile duct

8. Which one ISN’t the direct tributary of the inferior vena cava? ( ).

A. The renal vein B. The left suprarenal vein

C. The right testicular vein D. The hepatic vein

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9. The conjoined tendon is formed by the lower fibers of ( ).

A. the aponeurosis of the internal oblique abdominis and the transversus abdominis

B. the aponeurosis of the external oblique abdominis and the internal oblique abdominis

C. the aponeurosis of the external oblique abdominis and the transversus abdominis

D. the aponeurosis of the rectus abdominis and the transverses abdominis

10. Which branch of the lumbar plexus emerges from anterior surface of psoas major? The

( ).

A. sympathetic nerve B. genitofemoral nerve

C. obturator nerve D. femoral nerve

□III. Answer the following questions. (60’)1. Please write down the muscle names of the thigh and their innervation. (7’)

2. From superficial to deep, write down the layers of the lateral abdominal wall. (8’)

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3. Summarize the component and tributaries of the hepatic portal vein. (5’)

4. Please describe the supplying arteries of the stomach. Where do they arise from? (5’)

5. Please write down 4 parts of the parietal pleura. What are the costodiaphragmatic recess and its

clinical meaning? (6’)

6. Please write down the boundaries of the gall bladder triangle and its main content. (4’)

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7. List four walls and two openings of the inguinal canal, what are the main contents of the inguinal canal? (9’)

8. Write down the branches of the superior mesenteric artery. (6’)

9. Write down the inlet and outlet of the right atrium. (4’)

10. Please describe the supplying arteries of the heart. (6’)

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Normal Human Structure 2—Topographic Anatomy

Final Examination Paper (A)


（1st Semester, 2014——2015）Specialty： Class： Name： Roll No.：


Marking Person

□I. Define the Following Words. (30’)1. Quadrangular space: Boundaries: the teres minor (0.5’), the teres major(0.5’), the long head of the triceps brachii(0.5’), the surgical neck of the humerus (0.5’). Content: the posterior humeral circumflex artery (0.5’) and the axillary nerve(0.5’). 2. Scalene fissure:

The borders of the scalene fissure are the scalenus anterior(0.5’) and the scalenus medius(0.5’), the 1st rib (1’). The brachial plexus(0.5’) and the subclavian artery (0.5’) emerge from this space.3. Femoral triangle: Boundaries: inguinal ligament(0.5’), medial margin of Sartorius (0.5’), medial margin of adductor longus (0.5’). Contents: femoral nerve (lateral) (0.5’), femoral artery (middle) (0.5’), femoral vein (medial) (0.5’).4. Lumbosacral trunk: The lumbosacral trunk is formed by the anterior branch of the lumbar nerve (1’) and a part of the 5 th lumbar nerve (1’). It takes part in the composition of the sacral plexus (1’).

5. Carotid sheath：The common carotid artery and the internal carotid artery lie in medial (1’) and the internal jugular vein lie in lateral (1’). The vagus nerve passes vertically down the neck within the carotid sheath behind the internal jugular vein and the internal carotid artery (or the common carotid artery) (1’).

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6. Tricuspid complex: The tricuspid complex includes the right atrioventricular fibrous ring (0.5’), tr icuspid valves (0.5’), chordae tendineae (0.5’) and papillary muscles (0.5’). The function of these structures is to prevent the blood backward flowing from left ventricle to left atrium.(1’)

7. Superficial inguinal ring: It is a triangular opening of the aponeurosis of the oblique externus abdominis (1’), the medial crus of the ring attaches to the pubic symphysis (1’), the lateral crus of the ring attaches to the pubic tubercle (1’).

8. Carotid sinus:

Carotid sinus is a slight dilation of the proximal part of the internal carotid artery (1’). This blood pressure regulating area is innervated principally by the glossopharyngeal nerve through the carotid sinus nerve(1’). It is also supplied by the vagus and sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. By which regulates the blood pressure reflexly(1’).

9. Lesser omentum:

It is the fold of peritoneum which extends to the liver from the lesser curvature of the stomach and the commencement of the duodenum (1’). It includes the hepatogastric ligament (left) (1’)and the hepatoduodenal ligament (right) (1’).

10. Inguinal triangle:

The inguinal triangle (Hesselbach’s triangle) situated at the inferior part of the abdomen. It is formed by medial half of the inguinal ligament(0.5’), the lateral border of the rectus abdominis(0.5’) and the inferior epigastric artery (1’). In clinic, it is the position where the d irect hernia easy to suffer from(1’).

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Specialty： Class： Name： Roll No.：□II. Directions: Each question below contains four suggested answers.

Choose the best one response to each question. (10’)1. The recurrent laryngeal nerve is the branch of the ( C ).

A. phrenic nerve B. accessory nerve

C. vagus nerve D. sympathetic nerve

2. Which artery DOESN”T arise from the inferior mesenteric artery? The ( D ).

A. left colic artery B. sigmoid artery

C. superior rectal artery D. right colic artery

3. About the corresponding relations between the distribution of the anterior branches of the

thoracic nerves and body surface sign, which statement is INCORRECT? ( C ).

A. T2----sternal angle B. T8---- the costal arch

C. T4----xiphoid process D. T10----the umbilicus

4. The nerve descending vertically across the surface of the scalenus anterior toward the thorax is

( C ).

A. the brachial plexus B. the vagus nerve

C. the phrenic nerve D. the hypoglossal nerve

5. Which structure passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm? The ( B ).

A. phrenic nerve B. thoracic duct

C. posterior vagal trunk D. left gastric artery

6. Which one ISN’T the branch of the celiac trunk? The ( D ).

A. left gastric artery B. common hepatic artery

C. splenic artery D. superior mesenteric artery7. The following structures are embedded in hepatoduodenal ligament except the ( A ).

A. cystic duct B. hepatic portal vein

C. proper hepatic artery D. common bile duct

8. Which one ISN’t the direct tributary of the inferior vena cava? ( B ).

A. The renal vein B. The left suprarenal vein

C. The right testicular vein D. The hepatic vein

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224

9. The conjoined tendon is formed by the lower fibers of ( A ).

A. the aponeurosis of the internal oblique abdominis and the transversus abdominis

B. the aponeurosis of the external oblique abdominis and the internal oblique abdominis

C. the aponeurosis of the external oblique abdominis and the transversus abdominis

D. the aponeurosis of the rectus abdominis and the transverses abdominis

10. Which branch of the lumbar plexus emerges from anterior surface of psoas major? The

( B ).

A. sympathetic nerve B. genitofemoral nerve

C. obturator nerve D. femoral nerve

□III. Answer the following questions. (60’)1. Please write down the muscle names of the thigh and their innervation. (7’)

Muscles of thigh includes 3 groups: The anterior group includes the quadriceps femoris (1’) and s artorius (0.5’), innervated by femoral nerve (0.5’). The medial group includes the pectineus (0.5’), adductor longus (0.5’), gracilis (0.5’), adductor brevis (0.5’), adductor magnus (0.5’), innervated by obturator nerve (0.5’) The posterior group includes biceps femoris (0.5’), semitendinosus (0.5’), semimembrnosus

(0.5’), innervated by sciatic nerve (0.5’).

2. From superficial to deep, write down the layers of the lateral abdominal wall. (8’)

The layers of the abdominal wall: from superficial to deep, they are skin (1’), superficial fascia deep fascia (1’), external oblique muscle (1’), internal oblique muscle (1’), transversus abdominis (1’), transvers fascia (1’), extraperitoneal tissue (1’), peritoneum (1’).

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Specialty： Class： Name： Roll No.：3. Summarize the component and tributaries of the hepatic portal vein. (5’)

The hepatic portal vein is formed by the superior mesenteric vein (1’) and the splenic vein (0.5’), behind the neck of the pancreas. The tributaries of the hepatic portal vein include the left gastric vein(0.5’), the right gastric vein(0.5’), the superior mesenteric vein(0.5’), the splenic vein(0.5’), the inferior mesenteric vein(0.5’), cystic vein(0.5’) and the paraumbilical vein(0.5’).

4. Please discribe the supplying arteries of the stomach. Where do they arise from? (5’)L eft gastric artery (0.5’)arises from the celiac trunk(0.5’).R ight gastric artery (0.5’)arises from the proper hepatic artery(0.5’).L eft gastroepiploic artery (0.5’) arises from the splenic artery (0.5’).R ight gastroepiploic artery (0.5’) arises from the gastroduodenal artery (0.5’).S hort gastric artery (0.5’) arises from the splenic artery (0.5’).

5. Please write down 4 parts of the parietal pleura. What are the costodiaphragmatic recess and its

clinical meaning? (6’)

According to regions the parietal pleura is divided into four portions: costal pleura (1’), mediastinal pleura (1’), diaphragmatic pleura (1’) and cupula (1’).The costal and diaphragmatic pleurae are in contact with each other to form the costodiaphragmatic recess (1’). It is the lowest portion of the pleural cavity (1’).

6. Please write down the boundaries of the gall bladder triangle and its main content. (4’)

The gall bladder triangle is formed by the cystic duct (1’), the common hepatic duct (1’), the inferior surface of the liver (1’). Content: the cystic artery (1’)

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7. List four walls and two openings of the inguinal canal, what are the main contents of the inguinal canal? (9’)

The four walls of the inguinal canal:The anterior wall---- aponeurosis of the external oblique abdominis, laterally by muscle fibers of the internal oblique abdominis(1’) The posterior wall---- transverse fascia, medially reinforced by the conjoint tendon(1’) The superior wall----the arching fibers of the internal oblique abdominis and the transversus abdominis(1’) The inferior wall----the inguinal ligament(1’) Two rings: the deep inguinal ring (1’); the superficial inguinal ring(1’)Contents: the spermatic cord (1’) (round ligament of uterus in female (1’)) and the ilioinguinal nerve (1’).

8. Write down the branches of the superior mesenteric artery. (6’)

The jejunal artery (1’), the ileal artery (1’), the middle colic artery (1’), the right colic artery (1’) , the ileocolic artery (1’), the appendicular artery (1’).

9. Write down the inlet and outlet of the right atrium. (4’)

The inlet of the right atrium: Orifice of superior vena cava(1’), Orifice of inferior vena cava(1’), orifice of coronary sinus(1’)

The outlet of the right atrium: Right atrioventricular orifice(1’)

10. Please discribe the supplying arteries of the heart. (6’)The right coronary artery (1’) {the posterior interventricular branch(1’); the posterior branch of the left ventricle(1’); branches to the right atrium, the sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node; write any two in the brackets}The left coronary artery (1’) {the anterior interventricular branch(1’), the circumflex branch(1’)}

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18.试卷批阅要求

天津医科大学国际医学院关于规范考试试卷批阅操作的要求为加强留学生批阅试卷的规范化，现将批阅考试试卷操作的有关要求通知如下：

一、批阅试卷统一用红色笔。

二、批阅过程中统一用给分的方法标记每项结果，给分用“+X 分”表示，每题批阅

后统一在题号前写出该题得分。

三、试卷卷首的得分统计表务必填写齐全；阅卷人在试卷首卷上签字。

四、在将各题得分汇总成卷面总成绩时，务必认真细致，保证准确无误。

五、卷面分数如有改动，应由改动人在改动处签名。

各单位务请将以上要求通知到每一位任课教师，并研究具体的检查督促措施。

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国际医学院

二零零八年十二月十九日

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19.成绩分析记录天津医科大学国际医学院系统解剖学课程成绩分析表

2013 -2014 学年第 2 学期一、基本情况课程名称：系统解剖学课程代码: 考试时间: 2014 年 7 月 4 日

考试对象：留学生年级： 2013 级

试卷来源： □1.试题库□2.试卷库3.校内统一命题□4.校外教师命题□5.任课教师命题阅卷方式： □1.微机阅卷 2.流水阅卷 □3.任课教师阅卷考试方式： 1.闭卷 □2.开卷 □3.上机 □4.综述 □5.论文 □6.设计 □7.其它考试方法： 1.笔试 □2.口试 □3.实际操作

二、成绩分析统计

班级人数最高分最低分平均分标准差备注

1 139 97.7 38.2 73.1 15.2 　2 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

三、成绩分布

分数段 59 以下 60-64 65-69 70-

74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95-100

人数 34 11 9 7 26 15 17 15 5

百分比 24.46 7.9137

6.4748

5.036

18.705

10.7914

12.23

10.791

3.597122

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四、综合分析难度评价：容易□；较容易□；适中；偏难□；难□；试题量：偏多□; 适中; 偏少□;

存在问题： 1.试题较难□； 2.学生对基本知识、基本理论掌握不扎实；

3.学生分析应用能力较差； 4.教学过程中有疏漏□；五、评价及改进意见本次考试题量适中，绝大部分学生能够完成全部试题。试题难度适中，学生对名词解释和问答题回答较好，填空题因覆盖面较广，涉及知识点较多，有一定难度，在今后试题编排中可再适当增加题量。学生对名词解释，填空题和问答题回答较好，选择题因覆盖面较广，涉及知识点较多，分析有一定难度导致得分偏少。影响考试成绩的因素及应注意的问题：

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① 个别学生学习的目的性和自主性较差，受周围环境影响，学习比较浮躁。② 一些学生学习该课程的方法还需改进，在学习或复习时缺乏对相关知识的融会贯通。个别学生不能较好地在整体水平理解物质代谢以及相关联系，导致分数偏低。

任课教师为提高教学质量今后应采取的措施：1）本门课程授课内容多，因此授课教师在课堂上增加提问，帮助学生尽快进入学习状态。2）课程中重要知识点布置课下练习，督促学生及时完成。严格要求学生，必须独立完成作业。3）在教学活动中，采取多种教学手段来激发学生的学习兴趣，注意对学生学习方法的正

确引导。4）在教学过程中多与学生辅导员沟通，及时反映学生的情况，通过辅导员做好学生的思

想工作，引导他们尽快转换学习方法，增加自我控制的能力。

课程负责人签字：年月日

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天津医科大学国际医学院局部解剖学课程成绩分析表2014 -2015 学年第 1 学期

一、基本情况课程名称：局部解剖学课程代码: 考试时间: 2015 年 1 月 12 日考试对象：留学生年级： 2013 级试卷来源： □1.试题库□2.试卷库3.校内统一命题□4.校外教师命题□5.任课教师命题阅卷方式： □1.微机阅卷 2.流水阅卷 □3.任课教师阅卷考试方式： 1.闭卷 □2.开卷 □3.上机 □4.综述 □5.论文 □6.设计 □7.其它考试方法： 1.笔试 □2.口试 □3.实际操作

二、成绩分析统计班级人数最高分最低分平均分标准差备注

1 131 90 6 73.1 15.2 　2 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

三、成绩分布

分数段 59 以下 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95-

100

人数 32 6 13 8 16 24 24 7 0

百分比 24.427

4.5802

9.9237

6.1069

12.214

18.3206

18.321

5.3435 0

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四、综合分析难度评价：容易□；较容易□；适中；偏难□；难□；试题量：偏多□; 适中; 偏少□;

存在问题： 1.试题较难□；

2.学生对基本知识、基本理论掌握不扎实；

3.学生分析应用能力较差； 4.教学过程中有疏漏□；五、评价及改进意见本次考试题量适中，学生对名词解释，回答较好，选择题因覆盖面较广，涉及知识点较多，分析有一定难度导致得分偏少，问答题题正确率偏低，应是考生只重视复习重点理论知识，对于平时课堂操作中的知识存在记忆缺失。绝大部分学生能够完成全部试题。试题难度适中。影响考试成绩的因素及应注意的问题：① 个别学生学习的目的性和自主性较差，受周围环境影响，学习比较浮躁。

235

② 一些学生学习该课程的方法还需改进，在学习或复习时缺乏对相关知识的融会贯通。个别学生不能较好地在整体水平理解物质代谢以及相关联系，导致分数偏低。

任课教师为提高教学质量今后应采取的措施：1）本门课程授课内容多，因此授课教师在课堂上增加提问，帮助学生尽快进入学习状态。2）课程中重要知识点布置课下练习，督促学生及时完成。严格要求学生，必须独立完成作业。3）在教学活动中，采取多种教学手段来激发学生的学习兴趣，注意对学生学习方法的正

确引导。4）在教学过程中多与学生辅导员沟通，及时反映学生的情况，通过辅导员做好学生的思

想工作，引导他们尽快转换学习方法，增加自我控制的能力。

课程负责人签字：年月日

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20.试卷保存登记表天津医科大学国际医学院试卷保存登记表

课程名称学时学分考试时间适用专业出题教师审定人试卷号

注：该表中的试卷号要同时在电子文档试卷中注明21.专家听课评价表

237

天津医科大学国际医学院专家听课记录表授课教师所在院系：年月日星期第节至第节

课程名称授课教师职称教材版本教室教学班号

授课主要内容

授课主要优点、特点及改进建议

听课教师：备注

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22.同行听课评价表天津医科大学国际医学院同行听课评价表

开课单位：课程名称： □ 公共基础课 □ 学科基础课 □ 专业课授课教师：年龄层次：□老 □中 □青授课班级：应到人数：实到人数教材版本：课堂讲授内容：听课后总体印象：□优 □良 □中 □差听课后的分项评价：请在下列各评价项目之后的相应评价等级位置填入您的选项，只限单选。选项标准：A 完全同意，B同意，C 一般，D不同意，E 完全不同意

评价项目 A B C D E

1 讲课有热情，精神饱满2 讲课有感染力，能吸引学生的注意力3 对问题的阐述深入浅出，有启发性4 对问题的阐述简练准确，重点突出，思路清晰5 对课程内容娴熟，运用自如6 讲述内容充实，信息量大

7教学内容能反映或联系学科发展的新思路，新概念，新成果

8 能给予学生思考、联想、创新的启迪9 能调动学生情绪，课堂气氛活跃10 能有效地利用各种教学媒体11 学生上课迟到、早退、缺勤等情况12 学生遵守课堂纪律情况

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13 学生听课学习状态对课堂内容或其它方面的具体意见或建议：

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天津医科大学国际学院 2008.9制表听课人签字：听课时间：地点：

23.学生听课反馈表Teaching Evaluation

Pathophysiology Department

Semester: Date:

Course: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Topic of Course

Teacher’s Name

Evaluation:

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Suggestion:

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24.学生反馈评价表Pathophysiology Teaching Feedback

This form is a serious attempt to get feedback from you regarding the quality of instruction you have received. Your honest and constructive opinion will be helpful to improve our teaching level. Please take your time and answer carefully all the questions below, where appropriate, according to the following scale.

1. What was the most impressive thing when you were learning

Pathophysiology (about teacher, chapter or others)?

2. What aspects of this course were most beneficial to you?

3. What do you suggest for this course?

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25.教研室备课记录

____________学年第______学期基础医学院教学备课记录

年月日教研室主讲人

参加人员学生年级、专业

244

备课内容摘要

245

Documents

目录 - tmu.edu.cn€¦ · Web view(4) The Mammae. Be familiar with the location, the features and the structures of mammae. Mention the clinical important. (5) The Perineum. ①