C.07.01.Su Dien Li - Axit, Bazo, Muoi

1

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htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

11

)

o):

o

n

n

phân li hoàn toàn thành ion.

= 1.

VD1: HCl H+ + Cl–

Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH–

NaCl Na+ + Cl–

< 1.

VD2: CH3COOH CH3COO– + H+

Mg(OH)2 Mg2+ + 2OH–

CaSO4 Ca2+ + SO42–

12

li ra H+.

VD3: HCl, H2SO4, ...

li ra OH–.

VD4: NaOH, Ca(OH)2, ...

li ra H+ và OH–.

VD5: Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, ...

TOPPER. Chú ý

".

".

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proton (H+).

+ Các axit theo quan

2+, Al3+,

Zn2+, NH4+…

(H+).

2–, CO32–,

PO43–, CH3COO–…

+).

tính: Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2…

3–,

HSO3–, HS–, HPO4

2–…

4)2CO3…

–

4+

–

VD6: NaCl, Al2(SO4)3, Na2CO3…

2HPO3, NaH2PO2 là cácion H+.

VD7: NaHCO3, K2HPO4, KHSO4…

CaOCl2…

A + H2O B + H3O+

– Ka

a

– Ka

a

[B].[H ]K

[A]

n

– Kb

b

– Kb

b

[A].[OH ]K

[B]

B + H2O A + OH–

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1 (A

(B

(C

(D

2 (A) CH4. (B) C2H5OH. (C) HCl. (D) C6H6.

3 không

(A) H2SO4. (B) KOH. (C) C2H5OH. (D) AgNO3.

4 KAl(SO4)2.12H2O, C2H5OH,

C12H22O11 3COOH, Ca(OH)2, CH3COONH4

A) 3. B) 4. C) 5. D) 2.

5 (A) NaCl, AgCl, KOH. (B) H2SO3, NaOH, BaCl2.

(C) KNO3, Ba(OH)2, HCl. (D) H2SO4, Cu(OH)2, AgNO3.

6 3, AgBr, BaSO3, CuSO4, HNO3.

(A) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (D) 6.

7

(A) H2O, CH3COOH, CuSO4, NH3.

(B) CH3COOH, NaNO3, NH3.

(C) H2O, Ba(OH)2, NaNO3, CuSO4.

(D) H2O, CH3COOH, NH3.

8 (A) KNO3, PbCl2, Ca(HCO3)2, Na2S, NH4Cl.

(B) KNO3, HClO4, Ca3(PO4)2, Na2CO3, CuSO4.

(C) KHSO4, HClO4, Na2S, CH3COONa, NH4Cl.

(D) KOH, HClO4, NaHSO4, Ca(HCO3)2, NH3.

TOPPER. Chú ý– CH3COONH4

– KAl(SO4)2.12H2

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9

(A) H2SO4 H+ + SO42–. (B) H2SO4 2H+ + HSO4

–.

(C) H2SO4 H+ + 2SO42–. (D) H2SO4 2H+ + SO4

2–.

A

(A) NaOH Na+ + O2–. (B) KOH Na+ + OH–.

(C) Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + OH–. (D) Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2OH–.

B không

(A) NaCl Na+ + Cl–. (B) CaSO4 Ca2+ + SO42–.

(C) Na2SO4 2Na+ + SO42–. (D) CaCl2 Ca2+ + 2Cl–.

C

(A) NaOH Na+ + Cl–. (B) Na2SO4 2Na+ + SO42–.

(C) BaSO4 Ba2+ + SO42–. (D) NaCl Na+ + Cl–.

D là

(A

(B

(C

(D

E là

(A) 0 < < 1. (B) 0 1.

(C) 0 < < 100. (D) 0 100.

F 3

CH3

(A (B

(C (D

G không

axit?

(A) HCl. (B) HNO3. (C) CH4. (D) H2SO4.

H

(A) NaOH. (B) Ca(OH)2.

(C) C6H5OH. (D) KOH.

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I (A) NaOH. (B) Mg(OH)2.

(C) Al(OH)3. (D) Cu(OH)2.

J không

(A) Al(OH)3. (B) Zn(OH)2.

(C) Pb(OH)2. (D) Cu(OH)2.

K (A (B

(C (D

L (A (B

(C (D

M 2SO3 là

(A) S. (B) SO2. (C) SO32–. (D) SO3.

N 2 là

(A) Zn. (B) ZnO. (C) Zn2+. (D) ZnCl2.

O

(A) Cl–. (B) S2–. (C) Cu2+. (D) Al3+.

P

(A) CO32–. (B) S2–. (C) Al3+. (D) SO3

2–.

Q

(A) HCl, H2SO4, H2CO3, CO32–.

(B) NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH)2, Mg2+.

(C) HNO3, HCOOH, Mg2+.

(D) Al3+, Zn2+, CO32–.

R

(A) Fe2+. (B) Fe3+. (C) HS–. (D) Cl–.

S 3–, H2PO4

–, PO43–, NH3, S2–, HPO4

2–.

(A) 2. (B) 1. (C) 5. (D) 3.

TOPPER. Chú ý+

CH3COOH CH3COO– + H+

CH3

3COO–.

CH3COO–

axit CH3COOH.

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T a

HNO2, HCOOH.

U b 2–,

CH3COO–, HCOO–.

V (A a

(B a

(C a

(D a

W b [NH3]> Kb [Mg(OH)2

(A 3 2.

(B 3 2.

(C 2 3.

(D 3 2.

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)

o):

hay

< 1.

o

n

n0

C

C

VD8: 3 3COOH

3COOH

3COOH là

– Vì 0 < < 1 nên CH3

VD9: 3+

li

PT phân li: CH3COOH CH3COO– + H+

3COOH]phân li = [H+] = 0,004 M.

3COOH 1 M là

VD10:a. HCl 0,5 M.

b. Ba(NO3)2 1 M.

Vì HCl, Ba(NO3)2 và Al2(SO4)3 = 1.

HCl 0,5 M.

PT phân li: HCl H+ + Cl– (1)

+] = [Cl–] = [HCl] = 0,5 M.

Ba(NO3)2 1 M.

PT phân li: Ba(NO3)2 Ba2+ + 2NO3– (2)

2+] = [Ba(NO3)2] = 1 M.

[NO3–] = 2 [Ba(NO3)2] = 2 M.

20,02.

100

��⇀↽��

0,0040,004

1

– C0

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VD11: 3COOH, CH3COO– và H+ trong dung

3 = 0,02.

C = .C0

3

PT phân li. CH3COOH CH3COO– + H+

Phân li: 0,001 0,001 0,001

3COOH 0,05 M là

[CH3COOH] = 0,049 M

[CH3COO–] = 0,001 M.

[H+] = 0,001 M.

0

C

C

��⇀↽��

Xa. NaCl 0,4 M. b. CaCl2 0,5 M.

c. FeSO4 1,2 M. d. H2SO4 0,15 M.

e. Ba(OH)2 0,25 M. f. Na3PO4 0,03 M.

Y = 0,05.

b. CH3 = 0,01.

= 0,04.

Z 3+ là 0,004 M. Khi pha

H+ là 4,08.10–4

(A = 0,0108. (B = 0,0408.

(C = 0,0408. (D = 0,0108.

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Câu1 C2 C3 C4 B5 C6 C7 D8 C9 DA DB BC C

CâuD BE BF AG CH CI CJ DK BL AM CN CO B

CâuP CQ CR CS DT

U

V BW AX

Y

Z C

T Ka (HClO) = Ka (HNO2) =

Ka (HCOOH) =

U Kb (NO2-) = Kb (HCOO-) =

Kb (CH3COO-) =

X a. [Na+] = [Cl-] = 0,4 M.

b. [Ca2+] = 0,5 M; [Cl-] = 1 M.

c. [Fe2+] = 1,2 M; [SO42-] = 1,2 M.

d. [H+] = 0,3 M; [SO42-] = 0,15 M.

e. [Ba2+] = 0,25 M; [OH-] = 0,5 M.

f. [Na+] = 0,09 M; [PO43-] = 0,03 M.

Y a. [H+] = [HCOO-] = 0,02 M.

b. [H+] = [CH3COO-] = 2,5.10-3 M.

c. [H+] = [HCOO-] = 4.10-3 M.

[ClO ].[H ]

[HClO]

2

2

[NO ].[H ]

[HNO ]

[HCOO ].[H ]

[HCOOH]

2

2

[HNO ].[OH ]

[NO ]

[HCOOH].[OH ]

[HCOO ]

3

3

[CH COOH].[OH ]

[CH COO ]

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C.07.01.Su Dien Li - Axit, Bazo, Muoi