(Pacific Early

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131(children)(performance standard)Dr. Sachiko KitanoDr. Dongju Shih201020111192

Dr. Lynda Boyd

Dr. Fasli Jalal

Dr. Lynn AngDr. James D. Kirylo(critical pedagogy)

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(Children at the heart of research: Accountability, agency, and the art of play) (Children at the heart of research: Issue and trends)

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(Services for children and families: Research based practices)

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(Building a community of researchers: Leadership and sustainability)

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(Meta analysis: Difference of oral language between native and new-immigrant preschool children in Taiwan)

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481 12

12 309 612 Hedges

0.51

(http://pecera2012.aeces.org/index.asp)(2013)

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MetaAnalysis:DifferenceofOralLanguagebetweenNativeandNewimmigrant

Preschool Children in TaiwanPreschoolChildreninTaiwanHsieh,JinChang

(NationalAcademyforEducationalResearch,Taiwan)Yu,MinNing

(NationalChengchiUniversity,Taiwan)Hsieh,Mingchuan

(National Academy for Educational Research Taiwan)(NationalAcademyforEducationalResearch,Taiwan)

Email:jin@mail.naer.edu.tw2012.07.22PECERApresentationinSingapore

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Introduction Background1. Startinginthelate1990s,marriagesbetween

Taiwanese males and foreign nationals broughtTaiwanesemalesandforeignnationalsbroughtmoreimmigrantstoTaiwan.

2. Mostforeignbrides,oftenreferredtoasnewimmigrantswerefromChinaandSoutheastAsiancountriesandsometimesmarriedwithTaiwanese males accompanied low SES orTaiwanesemalesaccompaniedlowSESorphysicallyormentallyhandicapped.

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Introduction(con.)3.Therapidlyincreasingnumberoftransnationalmarriagesnotonlytransformedthedemographic structure of Taiwan but alsodemographicstructureofTaiwan,butalsotriggeredlotsofissuesincludingculturaladaption,languagebarrieretc.

4.Mostpaststudiesrelatedtocomparisonofacademicachievementbetweennativeandnewi i t hild ft i l dimmigrantchildrenofteninvolvedsurveyorinterview,andtheresultsshowedquiteabitinconsistent.

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Purposeofthisstudy

ThepurposeofthisstudyistoadoptsystematicreviewandmetaanalysistoinvestigatedifferenceofChineselanguageoralabilitiesbetweenTaiwaneseandnewimmigrantpreschoolchildren.

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Method1. Literaturesearchstrategy

SomeChinesekeywordssuchasimmigrantchildren,foreignbride etc.wereusedtosearchthefollowingTaiwandatabases.

(1)NationalDigitalLibraryofThesisandDissertationinTaiwan

(2)Index to Taiwan Periodical Literature System(2)IndextoTaiwanPeriodicalLiteratureSystem

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Method(con.)2.InclusionandexclusioncriteriaThefollowing4criteriawereusedtofilterliteratures.

(1)StudysamplemustincludebothnativeTaiwaneseandimmigrantchildrenandtheiragewasrestrictedtopreschoolstage.

(2)Analysisofstudyinvolvingonlyqualitativemethodologywasexcluded.

(3)DependentvariableshouldbeChineselanguagerelatedknowledgeorskill.

(4)Publicationtypeincludedbothjournalandthesis.

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Method(con.)3.Datacollectionandcoding(1)Indicatorsforcollectionincludedbackgroundofliterature,nationalityofsample,learningdomain,informationrelatedtostudyqualityassessmentandeffectsizecomputation.

(2)Forecited informationineachpaperwerecodedseparately bytwoassistantsandthendoublecheckedbytheotherresearcher.

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Results Afterdatabasesretrieval,404journalarticlesand493thesesreturned.Furthermore,accordingtoinclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 papers wereinclusionandexclusioncriteria,12paperswerefinallycoded.

Totalsamplesizewas921(612fornewimmigrantchildrenand309fornativechildren),whoseagerangedfrom3to6.

Metaanalyticdatabaseofthisstudymightbey y gdownloadedviathewebsite:http://meta.naer.edu.tw/

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12StudiesforMetaAnalysisStudy LearningDomain AreaofTaiwan age n

Hedgessg

95% CILL UL

Huang etal.(2008) Speech intelligibility Central 46 66 0.54 0.07 1.01Lee(2007) Oralexpression&reading South 45 86 0.55 0.13 0.96

Lu & Lai(2010) Oral expression & listening North 5 64 0 24 0 24 0 73Lu &Lai(2010) Oralexpression&listeningcomprehension

North 5 64 0.24 0.24 0.73

Chang(2007) Oral expression Central 46 153 0.60 0.39 0.81Hsieh(2007) Oral expression North 3 50 0.43 0.13 0.73

Chen(2009) Oralexpression&listeningcomprehension

North 5 64 0.22 0.26 0.71

Wu(2008) Oral expression North 56 66 0.45 0.02 0.92Chen(2006) Oralexpression&listening

comprehensionSouth 56 100 0.30 0.02 0.58

Liao(2007) Vocabulary South 5 80 0.64 0.22 1.07

Weietal.(2011) Oralexpression&listeningcomprehension

South 5 64 0.70 0.22 1.18

Chen(2009) Oralexpression&listeningcomprehension

South 46 48 0.92 0.39 1.46

Lin(2007) Oralexpression&listeningcomprehension

North 5 80 0.63 0.21 1.06

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Forestplotfor12studies

Forestplot showedeffectsizesfor12includedstudiesfluctuatedaroundtheaverage0.51,buttherangeseemtobestillreasonable.

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ResultofMetaanalysisCategory

k Hedgesg95%CI

LL ULOverall 12 0.51 0.40 0.61 9.34 0.59

Aftermeta analysisunderfixedeffectmodel,theaverageHedgesgwas0.51,andhomogeneityassumptiontestwasaccepted.CochraneQwasanonsignificant9.34.

Theresultsindicated nativepreschoolchildrenperformedbetterthannewimmigrantinChineselanguageoralproficiency,anditsextentofdifferencewouldbeclosetomediumaccordingtoCohen(1992)sruleofthumb.

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AssessmentofPublicationbias

Egger etal.(1997)slinearregressiontestofasymmetryshowedpublicationbiasmightnotexistinthisstudy.

Intercept:0.245(t=0.26,pvalue=.80)12

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DiscussionandimplicationTheperformancedifferencebetweennativeandnewimmigrantpreschoolchildrenmightstemfromthefollowingreasons:

1 Child l h i f l f h i1.Childrenlearnthepragmaticsoflanguagefromthegiveandtakeofconversationsathome.Forthenewimmigrantstudent,theirmotherslanguageliteracymaynotbecompetent.

2.Lowsocialeconomicstatusandfamilyincomecouldbeapossiblefactorimpactingtheirselfconfidenceandp p glearningopportunities.

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Discussionandimplication(con.)Somesuggestions:

1.Governmentshouldprovidemorelearningsourcesforthe new immigrant students or their family, for example,thenewimmigrantstudentsortheirfamily,forexample,providinglanguagetutorsorlanguageenhancementclass.

2.Somefurthertopicmightbeconcernedinthefuture,e.g.,thechangeofdifferenceasnewimmigrantchildrengrow.

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