cAc nAN DIcH rHANu KINH rrfNc ANH

rriNc aNH rHLIgNc cd,4s0 s.c. - t1s0 s.c.

Trong khoing thdi gian ndy r6't it ngudi c6 thd doc chfl, vi kh6ng c6 bin dich todn bQ Thdnh

Kinh. Tdt ci cdc brin dfch ddu dya vio bin La-tinh Vulgate. Caedmon dd thrlc hiQn bin dich

tidng Anh ddu ti6n trong giai do4n niy. Ong dich nhi6u phdn kh6c nhau cfia T6n Crru Udc

sang tidng Anh vio thd ki 7.

Aldhelm, Gi6m muc t4i Sherborn, dich s6ch Thi-thi6n khoing ndm 700 S.C. Edbert, Gi6mmuc tai York, dich Phric 6m Ma-thi-d, M6c vi Lu-ca khoing ndm 705 S.C. Bede, hgc gi6 ndi

tidng cria Anh qudc vio thd ki 8, dA dich Phric 6m Gidng. Dai tld Alfred (849 S.C.-899 S.C de

dich Xudt €-dip-t6 k9 2I-23 vd C6ng-vu cric srX'-dd 15:23-29.

rtfr.lc ANH TRUNG cd. uso s.c. - 1475 s.c.

John Wycliffe (1320 S.C-1384 S.C.)

Wycliffe ld tuy€n 6y cho nhi vua, vd cflng ld ngudi chdng ctrd OO gi6o hoing. Ong thrrdngth/Qc ggi li "Sao Mai cria CuQc Cdri Ch6nh". Wycliffe ctng vdi m6n clQ t6n Nicholas cho ph6thdnh bin dich todn b0 Thdnh Kinh tidng Anh vio nim 1382. Vi bin dich niy dua vio bin Latinh Vulgate n6n c6 bao gdm c6c sdch thuQc Quy Didn Thrl. Gi6o hQi kh6ng chdp nhfn bindich cria Wycliffe n€n tim cdch thu h6i tdt c6. Khi Wycliffe qua tldi nim 1384. Gi6o hoing ral€nh tldo bdi thi hhi 6ng tlem tli h6a thi€u, vi cho 6ng theo ti gi6o.

John Purvey (1354 S.C - 1428 S.C)Purvey ld ngrldi phq t6 vd cfing la thu ki cfia Wycliffe. Khoing ndm 1388 6ng nhu{n chdnhbin Thdnh Kinh cfia Wycliffe cho pht hdp vdi d{c tinh cria Anh ngfl thdi tt6. Ngrrdi ta hiQncbn 200 bin Th6nh Kinh cria Wvcliffe mi hdu hdt ttdu li c6c bin do Purvev nhu6n chr{nh.

rdNc ANH Hm.N DAr, r4zs - pf;N N.ly

Giai Dosn 1475 - 1780

Vdn ngh€ phuc hung dd lim sdng l4i tinh thdn hoc h6i n6n ciic nhi phi6n dfch bdt ddu tra crfuThrinh Kinh trong ciic ng6n ngfl nguy6n thriy. Ngoii ra, vi€c s6ng chd ra mdy in vio khoingnhfrng nim 1450 cfing girip vi€c phd bidn Thdnh Kinh c6ch r6ng rdi.

William Tyndale (1492-1536)

l l

Tyndale li ngudi ddu ti€n phi6n dich Th6nh Kinh tir nguy6n vdn Hy-lap vi Hy-b6. Ong hoc

tai Oxford, Cambridge, vd chiu 6nh hrldng cfia Erasmus. Tyndale kh6m ph6 ring ci{c vi giiio

phdm bidt ra't it th{ntr Kinh. Trong ldn tranh ludn vdi m6t vi trong hdng gi6o phdm, 6ng ili

n6i: "Ndu Drtc Chila Trdi tha mqng cho tii, trong nhfrng ndm tdi t6i sE khi4'n cho em nh6 cdy

ruQng bidt Thdnh Kinh nhi6u hdn 6ng."

Tyndale kh$ng duoc ph6p dich Thiinh Kinh tai Anh Qudc, vi thd 6ng phii trdn qua Df'c Qudcttd phi6n dich. Ong dDng bin Tdn rldc tidng Hy-l4p cfia Erasmus, bin La tinh vi bin cria

Luther dd tham kh6o. Ndm l526,Tyndale phdt hdnh bdn dich TAn rldc tidng Anh tldu ti6n ctia

minh. Bin dich d6 drldc mang l6n vd Anh Qudc vd phd bidn, m{c dt nhd cdm quydn cd tim

ciich thu trdi va ddt b6. Tyndale cfing dich nhidu phdn cfia Cuu tIdc, nhung 6ng bi bft trtrdc

khi hodn rhdnh vh bi ilem ra thi6u sdng tr€n din h6a vio ndm 1536. Ldi cudi cria 6ng ld:

"Lay Chila, xin md mdt cho Hodng dA'nudc Anh."

Miles Coverdale (1488-1569)

Coverdale h phU t6 cho Tyndale. Ong ph6t hinh bin Thrinh Kinh tidng Anh Hi€n tt4i ddu

ti€n cria minh vio ndm 1535. Trong phdn TAn ddc, 6ng nhu6n chrinh sd qua bdn dich cria

Tyndale. Phdn Crlu Udc, Coverdale ding bdn dich ctia Tyndale cho Ngfi kinh vi s:ich Gi6 na.

C6c sdch cbn lai cria Cdu rldc 6ng dich tir bin La tinh Vulgate vi bin cria Luther. Nhd srr cft

th1't quan hQ gifa vua Henry VIII cfia Anh Qudc vdi La-mi vio nim 1534, bin Thdnh Kinh

cria Coverdale mdi ihrQc ph6p ptrd Uidn tai Anh Qudc.

Thomas Matthew (1500-1555)

Matthew c6 brit hiQu ld John Rogers. Ong cfing li m6t trong ci{c phu td cta Tyndale. Bin dich

cria 6ng xu6't bin ndm 1537, drroc goi li Thr{nh Kinh cria Matthew (Matthew's Bible). E6y ld

sU phdi hdp hai c6ng trinh cfra Tyndale vd Coverdale. Rogers chEng nhfrng dDng bin dich cfia

Tyndale cho Ng[ kinh vi srich Gi6-na nhrJ Coverdale dd ldm, nhung cdn ding cho c:ic s6ch

Gi6-su6 vi Sfr ky, le nhfrng s6ch md Tyndale chrra kip xu6't bin.

Bin Thdnh Kinh Vi Dai (The Great Bible)

Brin Th6nh Kinh ndy iluoc hoin thhnh vio ndm 1539 vdi srr chtic linh cfia Thomas Cranmer,

Tdng Gi6m muc d Canterbury, nOn cbn drrgc goi ld bin Thdnh Kinh cfia Cranmer. Ddy li

bin Thrinh Kinh ddu ti6n duoc chiinh thtl'c cho ph6p dDng trong Anh Qudc Gi6o.

Bin Thdnh Kinh Geneve (The Geneve Bible)

Khi Nf hoing Mary l€n ng6i ndm 1553, ba trd lai vdi C6ng Gi6o La-md,, gi6t hai khoing 300

ngddi Tin ldnh, trong sd d6 c6 Rogers vi Cranmer. Coverdale vi nhidu ngrldi khiic trdn qua

Geneve vd in Th6nh Kinh tai cl6. William Whittingham li dich gi6 chinh cria bin Th6nh Kinh

niy. Ngohi ra cbn c6 cdc dich gi6 kh6c nhrr Coverdale vi John Knox. Cr/u ddc cfia b6n

Geneve li do sr,r nhu$n chdnh cria bin Th6nh Kinh Vi Dai, ddc biQt ld nhfrng phdn chua dugc

Tyndale phi6n dfch. Vi thd ci Crlu Udc tl6 drroc dich dr nguy6n vin Hy-bii vi A-ram. Tdn rfdcld do stl nhudn chi{nh cfia bin Tyndale nhung c6 th6m nhfing ldi ghi chri 6 td. Oay ld binThdnh Kinh tidng Anh ddu ti6n cldoc chia doan cdu gidng nhd bin Tdn rJdc tidng Hy-l4p ndm

t2

1551 cfia Robert Estienne. Bin Th6nh Kinh Geneve drJdc ttd t4ng cho Nfr hodng Tin ldnh

Elizabeth hic bh l€n ng6i ndm 1558. Bin Geneve dD kh6ng ihldc ding dd thay thd cho bin

Th6nh Kinh Vi Dai trong HQi Thrinh Anh Qudc, song n6 dd trd thdnh bin Th6nh Kinh duoc

moi ngrldi da thich sudt 100 ndm. Tinh tldn ndm 1644 bln Thrinh Kinh Geneve il6 dr/dc xu61

b6n 140 ldn.

Bdn Thrinh Kinh cria Cdc Girflm MUc (The Bishops'Bible)

Cho dD bin Geneve kh6 hon bin Th6nh Kinh Vi tl4i, n6 v6n kh6ng iltrQc hing gi6o phdm Anh

Qu6'c hoan ngh6nh, vi cilc ldi ghi chf d 16 c0a n6 thi6n vd phrii Calvin. Do tl6 Tdng Gidm

muc d Canterbury ld Matthew Parker, fiy quy6n cho m6t nh6m Gi6m muc nhu{n ch6nh bin

Thdnh Kinh Vi ttai. B6n Thi{nh Kinh cfia Cdc Gi6m muc ra til bin Th6nh Kinh Vi d4i nhung

n6 v5n khdng sdnh thloc vdi bin Th6nh Kinh Vi dai. Hdn nf,a d6u cho bin Th6nh Kinh cria

Ci{c Gi6m muc drtdc dDng trong HQi Thdnh thay thd cho b6n Thdnh Kinh Vi tl4i, song bin

Geneve vdn tidp tuc li bin Thdnh Kinh cria moi ngUdi. Brin Th6nh Kinh cria Cdc Gi6m Mucphdt hdnh ndm 1568.

Bdn Rheims-Douay (The Rheims-Douay Version)

Edy ln bin Thdnh Kinh tidng Anh itdu ti€n cfia C6ng giSo do Gregory Martin vd William

Allen dich. Khi Nf hodng Elizabeth l6n ng6i hai hoc gid C6ng gi6o ndy b6 Anh Qudc trdnqua nddc Ph6p rdi hohn t6't b6n dich Cuu rrdc ndm 1609 tai Douay vd dich xong TAn rldc ndm

1610 tai Rheims. Bin Rheims-Douay itdQc dich til bdn La-tinh Vulgate ddng thdi cfing c6

tham kh6o th6m nguy€n vdn. Bin dich nhy kh6ng nhim muc dich tlem ldi Chria tldn vdi moi

ngr"rdi bbn ld lgi dung n6 dd bii bric nhfrng ngudi theo dao Tin ldnh.

Bdn King James (King James Version-KJV)

Vho ndm 1604 vua James I cho quydn nhudn chdnh lai bdn Th6nh Kinh cria C6c Gii4m muc.Vua kh6ng thich nhfing ldi ghi chri thi6n vd ph6i Calvin trong bin Geneve. Ddng thdi HQiTh6nh cflng dang c6 srJ chia 16: HQi ndy thich dDng bin Th6nh Kinh cfia Cdc Gi6m muc, H6ikia mudn dDng bin Geneve. V) thd vua cfr ra 54 hoc gi6, song th{t ra chi c6 47 ngudi drJ phdndich bin King James. C6c hoc gi6 td chrl'c lim 6 nh6m: 3 nh6m chiu tr6ch nhi6m dich CrIuddc,2 nh6m dich Tdn rJdc vi 1 nh6m dich Quy Eidn Thrl'. Ngoii viQc nhu6n ch6nh lai bd'nTh6nh Kinh cria C6c Gi6m muc, cdc dich gi6 cdn tham kh6o nhi6u bd'n cd sao nguy6n vdn vinhfrng bin dich tidng Anh nhrr: bin cfia Tyndale, Matthew, Coverdale, bdn Vi Dai vd binGeneve vdi muc ctich dich m6t bin Th6nh Kinh tidng Anh r6't gidng vdi nguydn bin Hy-bri viHy-lap. Brin King James sau tl6 tld thay thd cho brin Thr{nh Kinh cfia Cric Girim muc vi dtfdckd la ben Thdnh Kinh chrinh thrl'c cria HQi Thrinh Anh Qudc.

Gidng nhrr nhi6u bin dich tnrdc n6, bin King James ph6t hdnh ndm 1611 cfing c6 nhidu l6i vddn lo6t. Ldn xudt bin ndm 1631, de b6 s6t chfr "chd" ("not") trong didu ludt thrl biy: "Ngtroichd pham tQi ti ddm", thinh ra "Ngrrdi ph4m tdi ti d6m!"

Mac di bin King James tdt hdn td.t ci bin dich tidng Anh c6 trudc, song thoat tldu n6 kh6ngduoc moi ngrldi hoan ngh€nh. Nhidu ngUdi Thanh gi6o, phdi Calvin vi nhtrng ngrrdi Tin linh

t 3

khiic vfin ridp ruc d1ng bdn Geneve cho cldn ndm 1644,li hic Thdnh Kinh Geneve kh6ng

xudt bin nf,a.

Ngrrdi ra nhin thdy r{tnhidu uu didm cfia bin King James: (l) drrQc vua ph€ chudn; (2) duqc

xudt bin sau khi phdt minh mdy in; (3) c6c til thdn hoc drldc lUa chon vd sfr dung rdt dring; (4)

dUdc nhfrng ngtrdi tinh th6ng nhidu ngoai ngfr, nhdt ld Anh ng[, phi6n dich' Ngny nay uu

clidm duy nhdt cdn lai ld rinh chdt van chr/dng cria n6. Ddi vdi cr{c dQc gi6 thdi nay, v6 dep

cria b6n King James ld d sg cdu kj" kidu c6ch, nghi 15 vd cd kinh cfia n6.

Tuy nhi6n, uu ctidm ff6n dd tr6 thinh nguy hidm vi khi dDng n6, ngudi thdi nay c6 cim tUdng

nhu Thrinh Kinh thuQc vd thdi dai tntdc, vd kh6ng thich hdp vdi thd k9 2I. Cho n€n urr didm

cria bin King James dd bidn thdnh khuydt <lidm cfia n6. C6c dich gi6 khdng bao gid mudn

m6t bin Thdnh Kinh kh6ng cdn thich hgp. Nguoc lai bin King James dUgc xu6't bin dd moi

ngUdi c6 thd doc vd hidu Ldi Drlc Chria Trdi. Nhung ctidu d6ng tidc ld vi mudn cho bin ndy

trd thinh d6 rtoc, cdc dich gi6 dA di6n ti bXng ngfr giii thich vi chri gi6i dni ddng (xin xem I

Sa-mu-6n l0:24;II Sa-mu-€n 16:16; R-mO't +:+).

C6 lC khuydt didm ldn nhd't cfia b6n King James li dDng tidng Anh cd. Udu hdt ngudi thdi

nay kh6ng hidu "I prevented the dawning of the morning" nghia li "I got up before dawn"

(.,T6i thri'c rrddc rang d6ng") (Thi thi€n ll9:147). Anh ngfr dang thay Cdi t<trOng ngilng. Ndu

mudn moi ngrldi doc Thrinh Kinh, b6n dich d6 ph6i vi6t rong ng6n ngf hi€n dai.

Ndu c6c dlch gi6 cdn tai thdchdc cfing tldng f vdi kdt lu{n ndy, vi ho dd vidt vdo ndm 16ll

ring: "ChEngc6 cdi gi dtrdc khdi ddu vd hodn thinh cDng m6t thdi gian." Sau d6 ho th0m:

"Kh6ng c6 bdn dich Thrinh Kinh ndo dt/oc coi ld cudi cilng".

Giai Doqn 1780 - D6n Nay

Bin Revised (Revised Version- RV)

Ngny 10 thdng2 ndm 1870, Tidn si Wilberforce, Girim muc tai Winchester, k€u goi nhudn

chi{nh lai bdn King James. Ngr/di ta thdnh l{p mQt riy ban gdm khodng 60 hoc gi6 Anh vd 30

hoc gi6 My dd lbm c6ng vi€c ndy. Tdn d6c thloc xudt bin ndm 1881 vd b6n 3,000,000 quydn

trong'narntldu ti6n. Cuu rldc phrlt hdnh ndm 1885. M4c dD Quy Didn Thri'kh6ng c6 phdn

trong du 6n nguy€n thriy, song n6 cflng duoc hoin thdnh ndm 1895.

MQt trong nhfing lf do thric dd,y cdc hoc gi6 dich b6n Revised ld mudn c6 m6t bin dich tidng

Anh hi6n dai hdn bdLn King James. Tuy nhi6n dang khi c6 g6,ng thrJc hiQn b6n dich tUng chfr

theo nguy6n vdn, c6c hoc gi|r de quri b6o thti. Hai phdn ba trong sd cdc dich gi6 ddng f phii

thay ctdi bdn vdn King James nhrlng khi dich thi ho vin dDng tt vrlng cfia bin King James .

D6y ld bin dich qud theo nghia cfia chfr. Crlc dich gi6 dd dich m6t chfr tidng Hy-lap qua m6t

chf, tidng Anh c6 ngtria th{t gidng Ua't td vdn mach. Vi thd n6 dd bidn bin Revised thinh b6n

dich cri'ng nhdc, kh6ng cbn <hing vdi il{c tinh cfia m6t ng6n ngfr.

Bin Revised dtrOc c6ng nh6n ld srit vdi nguy6n vdn vi rdt tdt cho vi6c hoc Th6nh Kinh, song

n6 vdn kh6ng drrgc thay cho bdn King James. C6 lC nhdn dinh cfia Charles Spurgeon v6 bdn

I4

Revised lh ihing nha't: "s6t vdi tidng Hy- l4p, k6m vd tidng Anh" ("strong in Greek, weak in

English").

Bfrn American Standard (American Standard Version- ASV)

Bdn ndy do c6c hoc gi6 M! nhu{n chiinh lai bin Revised. C6c dich gi6 lo4i ra cdc til cd xUa

dd thay vio c6c chfr hi€n dai. Vi du: "Holy Ghost" Odi tnann "Holy Spirit", "charity" ddi

thinh "love", danh xung "Lord" trong Crru udc ddi tnann "Jehova". Cric dich gii cfing b6 QuyDidn Thrl ra kh6i bin American Standard. Bdn niy d6 ttgc hdn bin Revised vd n6 duoc hoan

nghonh tai nudc M! nhi6u hdn bin Revised tlrtgc hoan ngh6nh tai nddc Anh. Bin American

Standard dich xong ndm 1901.

C6c Bin Modern Speech (Modern Speech Versions)

Odu ttrdtf 20 c6 phong trio dich Th6nh Kinh sang ng6n ngfi th6ng dung hing ngiy:

Tdn udc crtaThd Kj Hai Muoi (Twentieth Century New Testament)

D6y ld sd md ddu cho cdcbin dlch bing ng6n ngfl th6ng dung hing ngiy. Muc tlich cria bin

dich ndy ld ldm cho Th6nh Kinh trd n€n ddn gi6n, d6 hidu cho gidi tr6. C6 20 dich gi6, phdn

ldn ld tin hfru, dich bin ndy. TOn c6c dich gi6 kh6ng <lrroc tidt lQ trong lAn xu6't bin thf nhdt

nim l90l vi ldn nhi ndm 1904. Ddn n[m 1955 ngudi ta mdi cho bidt t€n c6c dich gi6.

Tdn udc crta Weymouth (Weymouth's New Testament)

C6c dich gi6 bin Tdn rJdc cfia Thd Kf Hai Mrroi tham kh6o bin dich cfia hoc gi6 Richard

Weymouth ttd ttnlc hi6n b6n dich ndy. Muc dich cfia hoc gi6 ln dich bin Th6nh Kinh tidng

Anh hiQn rt4i nhung r6't sdt vdi nguy6n vdn Hy-lap. Vi thd bdn niy cdn drldc gqi li Tdn ddc

trong Ng6n Ngfr HiQn Dai. Bdn dich ndy ph6t hdnh ndm 1903.

Bdn crta Moffatt (Moffatt's Version)

Edy ln bin dich drroc nhi6u ngudi Ua thich hdn trong c6c b6n dich hien tlai do hoc gi6 l6i l4c

James Moffatt thgc hien. Tdn ddc xu6't bin ndm 1913 vd CrJu l66c nlm 1924.

Goodspeed

Edgar J. Goodspeed li girio sdtrri'danh tai D4i hoc dudng Chicago. Vi nh{n th6'y khuydt didm

rrong c6c bin dich hi6n dai c6 trtrdc, n€n Goodspeed tli trl dich vd ph6t hhnh bin Thrinh Kinh

cria minh vdo ndm 1923 ggi ld "The New Testament: An American Translation". M6t b4n

hfru cria 6ng thuQc phdn khoa CrIu Udc, girio srl J.M.P. Smith, dd dich xong phdn Cdu tldc ndm

1927.Binndy drfdc phrlt hinh ndm 1931, goi lh "The Bible: An American Translation".

Knox

Nnm 1939 C6ng gido La-md cho ph6p Ronald Knox, m6t hoc giir t4i Dai hoc dddng Oxford,

dDng bin La-tinh Vulgate ed Oictr ra bin tidng Anh hiQn d4i. Tdn rJdc ittlQc xudt bin nlm

l 5

1945 vd Ct/u tfdc ndm l949.Mdtc dt bin dich cfia Knox rdt xudt sfc, nhrlng cld phii mangtidng ld bdn dich tt m6t biin dich. Vila khi Knox hodn tdr ban dich minh, C6ng gi6o La-mdcho ph6p dich cdc bin kh6c tt nguyCn vdn. Vi vdy bdn dich cfia Knox d6 bi c6c b6n dich tilnguydn vin cria C6ng girio lim cho lu md.

Bd.n ctta Phillips (Phillips' Version)

Phillips bf t ddu bin dich cria minh trong khoing thd chidn II vi 6ng nhAn th6'y gidi tr6 kh6nghidu tidng Anh cd trong bin King James. Phillips khdi srJ vdi cdc Thrl tin, goi ld "Lerrers roYoung Churches", xudt bin nd,m 1947 . Sau tt6 ln bdn siich Phric 6m ndm 1952, s6ch C6ng-vucric sri'-d6 ndm 1955, sdch Khdi-huydn ndm 1957, vd todn b6 T6n udc ndm 1958. phillips c0ngdich dtroc sd sdch ti6n tri (A- mdt, 0-s6, E-sai va Ul-cne;. Bin dich cfia Phillips d6 doc vi rdtduoc thinh hdnh.

Ndu ldm cu6c so siinh, bdn cria Phillips k6m hdn ciic bin dich khdc vi kh6ng siir vdi nguyenvdn. Tuy nhi6n, muc clich cfia Phillips li dich theo ldi chri gi6i nhu 6ng d6 n6i trong ldi m6ddu. vi thd b6n dich rdn rJdc cfia phillips chi n€n dDng nhrr b6n phu cho d6 rloc.

Bdn Revised Standard (Revised Standard Version-RSV)

Ddy ld bin nhudn chilnh cria bin American Standard do International Council of ReligiousEducation b6o trd. Ndm 1937 m6t iy ban gdm 32hoc gid thi€n vd khuynh hudng ru do, thu6cnhi6u gi6o ph6i kh6c nhau, chia lim hai nh6m: mdt nh6m dich Crru t/dc vi m6t nh6m dichT6n udc. C6c dich gi6, de hi6n dai h6a tidng Anh trong bdn American Standard: "saith" ddithinh "says", "sendenth" ddi thdnh "sends". Ho b6 ciic tu cd nhrr ,,thou", ..thee", ,,thy", vi"thine", ngoai trt m6i tdn thua cDng Chria.

Khi bin Revised Standard drroc xud't bin ldn ddu (Tdn udc nIm 1946, Cuu rrdc ndm 1952 vitQuy Didn Thrl'ndm 1956), c6 m6t sdngrrdi thi6n v6 khuynh hr/dng b6o thri dd vidt nhfrngcudn s6ch nh6 bdy t6 sr/ chdng ddi qua nhfing nhan dd nhtl'. "The Bible of Anti-Christ", "TheNew Blashemous Bible", "Whose (Jnclean Fingers Have Been Tampering with the Holy Bible".

Nhfing danh hi6u tr6n nghe c6 v6 khdng xu6i tai ldm. Thdt ra bin dich niy dtrdc nhidu ngrrdida thich, ngay cii nhfrng ngtrdi b6o thri. Uu didm cia n6 li kh6ng t6 ra qu6 th6ng th6i, quiim6 pham nhr.tc6c b6n Revised vi bdn American Standard.

D6y In b6n dich ra't tdt. Tuy nhi6n n6 c6 khuydt didm ld kh6ng clat duoc muc dich cld c6 m6t"bdn dich ti€u chudn, hi6n dai vd thudn ttiy Tin linh" nhu fiy ban phi6n dich cld dd ra lfc ctdu.

Didm ydu kd tidp ln cdc dich gi6 v6n cdn dtng nhfrng tU cd cria b6n King James nhu"raiment", "asunder", "smote", "wont", "harken". c6 16 bin dich ndy bi c6ng kich nhidu nhdtld 6 ph6n doan drJ ng6n vd D6'ng M6-si-a, ddc bi€t trong E sai 7:14. C6c hoc gii dd dich li"thidu phu" ("young woman") thay vi "trinh nfr" ("virgin"). Tuy v6y di6u ndy kh6ng c6nghia ld dd chdi b6 16 clao D6'ng M6-si-a do trinh n[ sanh ra, rrong khi Ma-thi-o 1:lg-25 viLu-ca 1:26-28 v6n kh6ng ddi. Bdi 16 mot phdn doan kh6ng rhd ddi h6i ph6i loai b6 toin thdb6n vdn. Donald Carson c6 16 ching khi vidt: "Bin Revised Standard kh6ng thu6c gidi b6othri, ngoii ra kh6ng c6 st/ gi khiic". R6i Carson kdt ludn, "bin Revised Standard c6 thd da

r6

bidu l0 chrit it chri nghia tr/ do, song cho rXng n6 quing b6 thdn hoc ttl do ld kh6ng bing

chf'ng".

Tuy thd, bin Revised cfing kh6ng phdi ln bin dich cho thdi nay. Ronald Youngblood di nhAn

dinh: "Bin Revised sE chiu ddng sd phdn v6i bin King James, tl4c biQt li gif,a gidi tr6".

Modern l-anguage Bible (MLB)

Tidn si Genit Verkuyl di chuydn vd Berkeley, California Od Ofctr Tdn Udc, n6n biin niy cbn

c6 t€n ld bin Berkeley. V6 sau c6 th6m 20 hoc gi6 cQng t|c vdi Verkuyl hodn thinh toin b0

Thr{nh Kinh vio n5m 1959. N6 dUgc nhu{n chrinh ndm 1969 dUdi t6n m6i: Modern Innguage

Bible.Bin nly kh6ng tlrroc thinh hdnh cho l6m vi sg c4nh tranh cfia nhi6u bin kh6c.

The Amplffied Bible (AB)

Bin niy do mQt td chrfc b6't vu loi mang t€n Lockman Foundation tht/c hiQn. Ddy lb bin

Thrinh Kinh vita dich vila giii ngh1a. N6 girip ich cho itQc giri phdn ndo nhrlng cflng rdt nguy

hidm vi kh6ng sdt vdi nguy€n bin. Tdn udc phdt hinh ndm 1958, CrIu tfdc n6m 1962, toan b0

Thdnh Kinh n[m 1965.

New English Bible (NEB)

Bin dich ndy do cr{c HOi Th6nh Tin linh 6 Anh Qudc thgc hi6n. Qua sU hudng din cfia C. H.

Dodd vi G. R. Driver, cdc hoc gi6 Anh tt6 bdt dAu viQc phi€n dich ndm 1946 vd phii mdt24

nim mdi hoin tdt. Bin niy cflng thi€n vd khuynh hudng tU do nhrl bin Revised Standard.

Bin New English Bible kh6ng ihlQc nhi6u ngtrdi rla chu6ng vi tli dDng nhfrng dac ngfr Anh.

Younblood cho ring, "Ngay ci nhfrng ngUdi Anh sdng tai Anh Qudc cflng kh6ng hidu dudc

cdc dd,c ngfr d6".

Vi du: Vd cdc vdn cudi: "or" trd thdnh "our". Vd tl vung, nhfin! chfi thuQc vd tidn tQ cflng ld

ddc ngfi Anh. Ngoii ra, "corn" dtrgc dDng thay cho "grain". Trong Ga-la-ti 2:17 c6 chil

"abetter", Gi6p 1 :4-"foregather", I C6-rinh-t6 I 6:8-"whitsuntide"'

Ngudi ra cfing nhin th6'y khuynh hudng thdn hoc td do trong phdn doan Sdng-thd k! l:l-2, ddc

biQt 6II Ti-m6-th€ 3:16 trong tl6 ciic hoc gii b6 danh xUng "Efc Chfa Trdi". Cdu nhy duoc

dich li: "Ci Thiinh Kinh drroc he hdi", thay vi "Ci Th6nh Kinh d6u dUQc Dri'c Chria Trdi hi

hdi".

Ngoii ra cdc dich giri' cfing hay chri gi6i dii dbng. Nguy6n vin Hy-b6 cfia Gi6p'9:34 chi c6 8

chfr, rrong khi c6c dich gi6 phii dDng 20 chfi Ad aicn. Ciic vi dy cfrng hay lQp l4i nhfrng chfr

kh6ng cdn thidt vi cflng kh6ng tim thd'y trong nguyOn vdn (xem II Sa-mu-6n 1:27).

Jerusalem Bible (JB)

D6y ld bin dich todn b6 Thdnh Kinh tidng Anh ttdu ti6n cfia C6ng Gi6o La-md, til nguy6n

vdn. Bin niy c6 gi6i thich vd c6c anh em cfia Chria Gi€ Xu trong Mathia 12:46, "not Mary's

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children, but near relations, cousins perhaps" ("kh6ng phii con cria Ma-ri-a, nhdng ld nhffng

anh em ho, bd con gdn"). Toin bO Th6nh Kinh xud't bin nim 1966.

New American Bible (NAB)

DAy ld bin bd sung cho Jerusalem Bible. Cdc hoc gieL bit ddu dich ndm l94I vi hodn t6't nim

1970. Tdn IJdc trudc hdt iluqc dich tU bin La-tinh sau d6 mdi tham kh6o til cdc bin Hy-lep.

So vdi bdn Jerusalem. bin New American Bible bio thti hon vi it thi6n vd COng gi6oLa-md,

hdn.

New American Standard Bible (NASB)

Ddy ln bin nhu6n chiinh cho bin American Standard do 58 hoc gi6 dich drldi sd brio trd cria

cd quan b6't vu ldi Lockman Foundation. B6n ndy drldc c6c hoc gi6 theo khuynh hr/dng bio

thri dich tUng chfr theo nguy6n vdn. Phfc 6m Giing dudc dich xong nIm 1960, bdn s6ch Phtic

6m ndm 1962, T6,n ddc ndm 1963, vd Cuu udc dtrdc dich xong ndm 1971.

Didm ydu cfia bin dfch niy li 6 cdc tU vUng. Gordon Fee cho ring Anh ngfr cria bin New

American Standard Bible li "Anh ngfr kh6ng duoc ai ding dd n6i bao gid!" Chi cdn ttoc E-ph6-sd 1:4-5 cria bin dich nay, ta cfrng s€ c6 cDng kdt luAn nhu thd.

Tuy nhi6n, b6n New American Standard Bible dddc coi ld bin dich tdt nh6't cia ngrldi Tin

linh thudn rriy Hoa K)' trong rhd ki 20. Ddng thdi cfing ld m6t trong nhfrng bin tdt nh6't duoc

dDng dd hoc Thdnh Kinh.

The Living Bible (LS)

86n ndy drldc dich theo ldi chri giii dii ddng do Kenneth Taylor thr,Ic hiQn. Thoat tldu Taylordich bin ndy cho con cfia 6ng. Sau il6 6ng tu xudt bdn vi duoc nhidu ngrldi hoan ngh6nh.Nim 1962, Taylor b6 ti6n ra phrit hdnh 2000 quydn. Sau Khi Billy Graham doc dtrdc m6ttrong cilc quydn ndy, dd gfri mua 500.000 quydn cho c6c chidn dich truydn gi6ng cria 6ng.Tuy nhi6n vi itdy li bin dich theo ldi chri gi6i n6n c6 nhidu chd kh6ng tlfng vdi nguy€n vln.

Good News Bible/Today's English Version (GNB/TEV)

DAy ln bin dich Th6nh Kinh hiQn tlai do HQi Th6nh Kinh M! Qudc b6o trd. Ndm 1966 Tdnrrdc tluoc b6n ra vdi nhan dd Good News for Modern Man: The New Testament inToday'sEnglish Version. Robert Bratcher iti dich bin ndy vd sau tl6 6ng hudng din m6t riy ban gdm 7hoc gi6 0d Oictr Cuu udc. Bdn dich ndy sfr dung ngfr vung d6 hidu, vdn pham ddn gi6n, ciiccdu ngdn gon vd Anh ngfr phd th6ng. TAn Udc xu6't bin ndm 1966 vh Cfi udc phdt hdnh nim1976. Bin dich ndy cfing thi6n vd khuynh hrrdng tr.t do.

Uu tlidm cfia biin dich ndy ld truydn dat sf'ttiQp Th6nh Kinh bing ng6n ngfl d6 dgc vi d6hidu. Bruce Metzger goi n6 ld "b6n dich tdt nhdt cho ngudi chrra bidt Chf a". Tuy nhi6n, chdn6n dDng bin dich ndy cho vi6c nghiCn cf'u Thiinh Kinh.

B dn N e w Int e rnational ( N ew Int e rnational V e r si on- N IV )

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Muc rlich cria bin dich niy le dd rhdi nay c6 m6t b6n dich mdi thay thd cho bin King James

ctd vang b6ng m6t thdi. Bin dich niy dugc tri liQu dd dDng cho 16 thd phdQng, cho viQc hoc

Thrinh Kinh cd nhdn cfing nhd hgc thuQc lbng. Ddy ld c6ng trinh crta cdc hoc gi6 c6 khuynh

hddng bio thri dd phin Odi Udn dich Revised Standard cia cdc hoc gi6 theo khuynh hudng tU

do.

c6c hoc gi6L b6t tldu dich nlm 1965, vi ndm 1967 duQc Thrinh Kinh HQi New York b6o tro.

C6 115 dfch gi6 tham gia c6ng tdc niy, itri'ng ddu ld Tidn Si tni'danh Edwin Palmer. Ddy c6

thd n6i ld viQc lim c6ng phu nh6't trong lich sfi dich Thdnh Kinh. TAn r"ldc hodn tdt nd,m 1973

vd Ctfu rfdc ndm 1978.

Godron Fee n6i rXng, "b6n New International dd nhanh ch6ng trd thhnh bin Thdnh Kinh dd

tr6n ghd nhd thd cfia c6c gi6o phdi Tin ldnh". Ldi tuy€n bd tr6n c6 phdn lac quan, song tli n6i

l6n 6nh hddng quan treng cfia bin dich ndy.

Bdn New Inrernarional c6 cdc uu didm: (l) sfia nhidu l6i vd phi6n dich trong Cr,ru udc; (2)

kh6ng qu6 cd gdng dich rheo tilng ttr mQt (word for word translation); (3) v6n duy tri ldi vdn

,o tanfr vd dn du trong tidng Hy-b6; Q) c6ch hdnh v[n kh6ng qu6 b6ng bdy; (5) ciic phdn

tlo4n kh6 hidu ddu <ldOc chri thich 6 cudi trang. B6n New International hiQn CIai hOn brin

Revised Standard, kh6ng quii tu do nhU bin New English Bible, vd sdt nguy6n vin hdn b6n

Good News Bible.

Bin New Inrernational cfing bi ph6 binh li kh6ng gitr thing quan clidm thdn hoc b6o thri nhrJ

cdc dich gi|r dd hrl'a tir hic ddu. ChEng han cdch dDng til "trinh nfr" ("virgin") trong E- sai 7:14,

vi ldi dich phdn tloan Si{ng-thd ky 1:1-2.

Bdn New King James (New King James Version-NKJV)

Bin niy la kdr qui srf nhuAn ch6nh cria bin King James do 119 hoc gii b6o thri thuc hiCn vao

ndm 1975. Phi tdn cfia dr,r 6n niy l6n <ldn hdn 4.500.000 My kim vd cflng ld drl6n t6'n k6m

nhdt trong lich sfr.

Uu didm cfia bin New King James li v6n duy tri drrqc tinh ch6't vAn chuong cria b6n King

James trong khi dich tif nguy6n ngfr. Til vtlng cfing dUOc cAp nh6t: "abide" ddi thinh "st?!",

"any man" thinh "anyone", "bafbarian" thdnh "native", "befall" thinh "happen", "damsel"

thinh "girl", "lucre" thhnh "monetary gain".

Didu d6ng tidc li kh6ng c6 nhidu sr?a tldi quan trong so vdi bin King James cfi.

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