CU TRC 1 BO CO KHOA HC

Cu trc ca mt bo co khoa hcTn tit vn : Dn+ Mc tiuTng quanNguyn liu v phng php nghin cuKt qu nghin cuBn lun Kt lun Ti liu tham kho Ph lc

*Cu trc ca 1 bo co khoa hc(PGS. TS. N. H. Nam)

M u, gii thiu, t vn (Introduction)Phng php (Methods)Kt qu (Results) and,Bn lun (Discussion)Kt lun (Conclusions)AcknowledgementsTLTK (References)

IMRAD

1. Tn tiTn nghin cu, tn tc gi. Mt s tp ch yu cu c t khot tn nghin cu: Tn ti phn nh c ng ni dung nghin cu, t ch, nhng cha ng lng thng tin cao nht.Tn ti c th cu to theo nhng cch:i tng nghin cuGi thuyt nghin cuMc tiu nghin cuMc tiu + phng tinMc tiu + mi trngMc tiu + phng tin + mi trng

*Title (tiu ) (PGS. TS. N. H. Nam)Vit trn trang u, thng v tr trung tm. Khng:Khng gch chn hay vit nghing. Khng nn qu ngn, nhng cng khng nn qu di: nn di 20 tKhng c dng t vit ttKhng nn t ta nh l mt pht biu mang tnh chn l.Khng nn t ta theo kiu nghch l hay ta m h

*V d: (PGS. TS. N. H. Nam)Protein Kinases Are the Most Attractive Targets for Drug Discovery in the Twenty-first Century Protein Kinases: Attractive Targets for Drug Discovery in the Twenty-first CenturyCafeine increases brain and cardiac activitiesMore Antibiotics More Infections

*Title (tiu ) (PGS. TS. N. H. Nam)PhiPhi ni ln c ni dung nghin cuPhi cha ng tnh miPhi ch t kha trong ta

*V d: (PGS. TS. N. H. Nam)Cn t tn bi bo thit k, tng hp, th tc dng sinh hc, nghin cu docking cc acid hydroxamic mang khung benzothiazol. Tc dng khng ung th thng qua c ch c ch enzyme histone deacetylase (mt mc tiu phn t cho NCPT thuc iu tr ung th)

*V d: (PGS. TS. N. H. Nam)Design, Synthesis, Bioevaluation and Docking Study of a Series of Benzothiazole-based Hydroxamic AcidsDesign, Synthesis, Bioevaluation and Docking Study of a Series of Benzothiazole-based Hydroxamic Acids as Novel Antitumor AgentsBenzothiazole-based Hydroxamic Acids as Novel Antitumor Agents: Design, Synthesis, Bioevaluation and Docking StudyNovel Benzothiazole-based Hydroxamic Acids as Potent Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors and Antitumor Agents: Design, Synthesis, Bioevaluation and Docking Study (15 t)

*V d khc: (PGS. TS. N. H. Nam)Preparation of Alpha-Chymotrypsin PelletsPreparation of Alpha-Chymotrypsin Pellets with Improved StabilityNew Method for Preparation of Alpha-Chymotrypsin Pellets with Improved StabilityNovel Method for Preparation of Alpha-Chymotrypsin Pellets with Improved StabilityNovel Method for Preparation of Alpha-Chymotrypsin Pellets with Improved Stability Using XYZ Technology (13 t)

1. Tn tiTips trong t tiu :Bm theo Cy vn v Cy mc tiuBm theo mc tiu, trung tnh ho, b ng t hnh ng: Thnh tiu Tn ti ch c 1 cu (khng c du chm gia), t/cm t no quan trng cho ln trcVD: Chn ging Qut ngt Nam Sn (Tn Lc)Th dch ngc sang ting Anh, xem c t tha?

2. t vn Tr li cu hi: Ti sao li thc hin nghin cu?. Gip ngi c hiu c hon cnh hnh thnh nghin cu.Nu khng c cu hi trong vn nghin cu th khng nn tin hnh nghin cu. Thuyt minh cho ngi c hiu r vn nghin cu v nu r nhng nh hng, nhng im chnh ta cn nghin cuCu trc c bn: Tng quan (trnh by cc thng tin cn thit hiu v bo co, vn nghin cu, cc nghin cu c thc hin, cc thnh qu, tn ti, mu thun)Mc tiu nghin cu

*Introduction (1)Nhim v thit yu ca phn ny: + Lm cho ngi c tip nhn v quan tm n kt qu ca cng trnh nghin cu + Lm cho ngi bnh duyt bi bo hay tng bin tp tp san thy c tm quan trng ca bi bo

Tc gi phi ni r ti sao cng trnh nghin cu ra i v ti sao ngi c phi quan tm n cng trnh

*Introduction (2)Cu trc: thng gm 3 paragraph(1) M t mt vn chung hay yu t chung lm ng c cho cng trnh nghin cu. c bit, cu vn u tin phi mnh m khng nh v thu ht lm sao hp dn s ch ca ngi c, ngi quan tm

*Introduction (3)Cu trc (tip):(2) Tp trung vo vn c th m cng trnh nghin cu phi gii quyt. Trong on vn ny, tc gi c th nu ra nhng vn m ngi c c th cha tng bit qua. on ny cng cn nu ln ci khong trng tri thc m cho n nay vn cha c cu tr li hoc nhn mnh vn cn tip tc nghin cu.

*Introduction (4)Cu trc (tip):(3) M t cc mc tiu ca cng trnh nghin cu. Lu : Phn dn nhp phi c lm sao m c n on th ba, ngi c cm thy ho hc, thit tha v c nhu cu c cc phn k tip ca bo co

*Introduction (5):Tm tt khung chung cho phn ny

on vnCu hi1Vn chung l g, tnh hnh hin nay ra sao?2Vn c th l g, v trong kho tng tri thc cn khong trng no?3Th th cng trnh nghin cu ny s ng gp g ?

*Introduction (6): V d 1

on vnCu hiV d1Vn chung l g, tnh hnh hin nay ra sao?Tiu ng thn (diabetic nephropathy) l nguyn nhn s mt ca bnh thn vo giai on cui. 2Vn c th l g, v trong kho tng tri thc cn khong trng no?Mc d microalbumin c ngh dng truy tm bnh tiu ng thn, nhng phn ln bc s vn khng tun theo qui nh chung ny. 3Th th cng trnh nghin cu ny s ng gp g ?Nhm mc ch pht trin mt phng php mi v n gin hn cho vic chn on tiu ng thn, chng ti ng dng mt m hnh quyt nh (decision making model) v phn tch h qu ca thut cha tr ACE

*Introduction (7): V d 2

on vnCu hiV d1Vn chung l g, tnh hnh hin nay ra sao?C nhiu bng chng cho thy carotid endarterectomy c th lm gim nguy c bnh tim. 2Vn c th l g, v trong kho tng tri thc cn khong trng no?Thng tin v carotid endarterectomy vn cn rt hn ch. Do , cho n nay quyt nh lin quan n phu thut ny vn cn cha c r rng. 3Th th cng trnh nghin cu ny s ng gp g ? gip cho bc s thm nh li ch ca carotid endarterectomy, chng ti tnh ton s ca phu thut cn thit ngn nga mt ca bnh tim trong nhng iu kin khc nhau.

*Introduction (8): V d 3

on vnCu hiV d1Vn chung l g, tnh hnh hin nay ra sao?Long xng l mt bnh nghim trng trong ngi c tui v n l nguyn nhn dn n gy xng. 2Vn c th l g, v trong kho tng tri thc cn khong trng no?Mt xng (BMD) l mt yu t quan trng trong vic chn on long xng trong ngi u M. Tuy nhin trong ngi Vit s chnh xc ca BMD trong vic tin on gy xng vn cha c nghin cu. 3Th th cng trnh nghin cu ny s ng gp g ?Nghin cu kh nng ng dng BMD trong ngi Vit hay mt dn s khc s gip cho vic pht trin mt tiu chun chn on mi.

Mc tiu

Cc cp bc nhn thc

Nhn thc: c kh nng ghi nh thng tinLnh hi: c th ghi nh, v nhiu hn th mt cht (v d: din gii, nh ngha, tho lun n mt mc no )ng dng: c kh nng lm tt c nhng iu trn, nhng cn c th dng nhng thng tin tru tng , p dng vo nhng hon cnh c thPhn tch: c th chia nh thng ip thnh cc phn cu thnh n, v tm ra mi lin h gia chngTng hp: c th tp hp li nhiu yu t v thnh phn hn n to nn mt th thng nhtnh gi: phn xt gi tr ca ti liu hoc phng php

Mt s ng t thng dng trong vit mc tiu

Nhn thc Lnh hing dngPhn tchTng hpnh ginh nghaDin giiD onPhn tchTp hp La chnV raTm ttGii thchPhn loiGi nh giNu raSo snhp dngSo snhLp rpPh bnhK tnGii thchSp xpPhn nhmThay iTng hpLit kBn lunXem xt liTnh tonThit kLa chnCh rM tLuyn tp

Vit mc tiu

Xy dng da trn kt qu u raCh dng mt bc nhn thc cho mt mc tiu (nhn thc, lnh hi, ng dng, phn tch, tng hp v nh gi)Dng bc nhn thc cao nhtKt hp cc ch c cng mt loi v cng bc nhn thcKhng dng nguyn ni dungVit theo theo cch tch cc

V d cch vit tiu cc

Sau kha hc ny, sinh vin c th:Nu cc c im xu ca ng nghipng dng cc thit b y t trn ng vt v dngPht hin ra cc phng php nh gi km hn

V d cch vit tch cc

Sau kha hc ny, sinh vin c th:a ra nhng phn hi mang tnh xy dng cho ng nghipng dng cc thit b y t trn ng vtPhn bit c cc phng php nh gi

Cac vi du

Lam bai tp vi cng thc thucK tn cac xng chinh cua chnChu y n y kin ca nhn hn khi lam vic theo nhomHiu c ai thao ng la giDng biu tnh liu thuc cho tr nng 20 kgXy dng mt k hoach iu tri cho bnh nhn ai thao ngBit c s khac bit gia cac bnhHoc cach s dung thit bi lm sang

Bang kim vit muc tiu

Sau khoa hoc nay hoc vin co kha nng...Dung ng t chi hanh ngChi s dung mt cp bc nhn thc S dung cp bc nhn thc cao nhtKt hp cc ch c cng mt loi v cng bc nhn thcKhng dng nguyn ni dung ca kha hcVit theo theo cch tch ccSMART2-3 muc tiu

SMART S: specific M: measurable (with an assessment method or assignment)? A: acceptable (fit with the program and the content) R: realistic T: Time bound (clear when and how the objectives are met)

3. Nguyn liu v phng php nghin cu, x l thng kTr li cu hi: Nghin cu c thc hin nh th no?. y l phn d nht ca mt bo co!Phn phng php vit tt s lm tng gi tr ca nghin cu, bo m tnh tin cy v lp li ca nghin cun gin l m t nhng g mnh lm trong nghin cu.Cc vt liu v phng php bit r (PRA, phng vn bn cu trc, my o pH ) khng cn thit phi m t (trch dn ti liu l ), nhng phi m t cch ta dng trong nghin cu.

*Methods / Experimental (1)L phn quan trng nht ca bo co.Mc ch: tr li 2 cu hi:- What did you do?- How did you do?

*Methods / Experimental (2)C th chia 2 lnh vc chnh:+ Cc nghin cu y sinh, lm sng (dc lm sng, ha sinh lm sng), nghin cu kho st, nh gi dch t hc, x hi hc(NHM I)Cc nghin cu thuc lnh vc bo ch, CNDP, ha dc, dc liu, dc hc c truyn (NHM II)

*Methods / Experimental (3)NHM II: nhn chung phn ny kh n gin, r rng & d vit, d trnh by.Nguyn tc chung:Ln lt trnh by cc thc nghim (cng chnh l phng php) gii quyt cc ni dung nghin cu.Trc khi trnh by cc thc nghim c th thng c 1 paragraph v nguyn liu, ha cht, thit b chung.

*Methods / Experimental (4)NHM I: Kh phc tp. Cc phn chnh:+ Thit k nghin cu: (study design). Nu ngn gn v m hnh nghin cu s dng (double blind, cross-sectional investigation)+ i tng tham gia (participants): thng tin v c im i tng tham gia, tiu ch la chn, tiu ch loi tr+ a im v bi cnh nghin cu: (setting)

*Methods / Experimental (5)NHM I: Kh phc tp. Cc phn chnh: (tip)+ Qu trnh nghin cu (procedures): tm lc tng bc nghin cu, chi tit can thip, qui trnh ly mu, k thut ly mu+ nh ngha ch tiu nh gi: VD, ch tiu lm sng+ C mu (sample size)+ Phn tch d liu (data analysis): Phng php thng k s dng

4. Kt qu nghin cu Tr li cu hi: Nghin cu c g?Trnh by nhng pht hin m nghin cu tm ra, c thuyt minh bng cc s liu c chn lcCh cp n nhng kt qu lin quan n mc tiu nghin cuCch trnh by bng, hnh:a ra thng tin nn ngi c hiu l ci gNhn mnh thng tin quan trng trong bng, hnhGii thch n c ngha gGii thch h qu/tm quan trng ca n Ch : Phi c ch thch hnh, bngCh trnh by 1 loi (bng th thi th v ngc li!?)

5. Bn lun (BC, ban lun cng KQ) Tr li cu hi: ngha ca nhng kt qu ny l g?. Khc vi phn kt qu nghin cu l ch tp trung vo cc pht hin, phn bn lun cho ci nhn rng hn vn nghin cu. Trong mt s trng hp (bi bo co ngn) c th gp phn kt qu v bn lun li vi nhau.Bn lun v: Kt qu, phng phpTrnh by ngha ca nhng pht hin t nghin cuSo snh vi kt qu ca nhng nghin cu khcTm quan trng ca nghin cu v a ra cu tr li cho cu hi nghin cu

*Discussion (1)Mc ch chnh: Tr li cu hi cc pht hin trong nghin cu c ngha g?Nhim v ca tc gi: Phi:+ Gii thch, hay ngh mt m hnh gii thch, ti sao nhng d kin thu thp c c xu hng nh quan st thy trong nghin cu

*Discussion (2)Nhim v ca tc gi (tip): Phi:+ So snh vi kt qu ca nhng nghin cu trc v gii thch ti sao chng (nhng kt qu) khc nhau, hay ti sao chng li ging nhau, v ngha ca chng l g + T mnh vch ra nhng thiu st, nhng trc tr, kh khn trong cuc nghin cu, cng nhng u im ca cuc nghin cu, cng nh a ra cc gii php khc phc hay nhng xut hng nghin cu trong tng lai

*Discussion (3)Cu trc: linh hot, khng c nh song thng theo dn :(1) gii thch nhng d kin trong phn kt qu; (2) so snh nhng kt qu ny vi cc nghin cu trc; (3) bn v ngha ca nhng kt qu; (4) ch ra nhng u im v khuyt im ca cuc nghin cu; (5) v sau cng l mt tm lc sao cho ngi c c th lnh hi c mt cch d dng

*Discussion (4): S khung cho phn tho lun

Cu hi cn phi tr liNi dungPht hin chnh l g?Pht biu nhng pht hin chnh; t nhng pht hin ny vo bi cnh ca cc nghin cu trc y. (Nh trch dn bng biu)Pht hin c kh nng sai lm khng ?Xem xt nhng yu t sau y: thiu khch quan trong o lng v thu thp s liu? S lng i tng t? Cch chn mu c vn ? Cc yu t khc cha xem xt n? Phn tch cha y ? Cha iu chnh cho cc yu t ph? V.v ngha ca pht hin l g?t kt qu ca nghin cu vo bi cnh ln hn, v so snh vi cc nghin cu trc y. Suy lun v c ch (nhng khng nn qu li hay qu xa x trong khi suy lun, m phi nm trong khun kh ca d kin tht).Kt lun c ph hp vi d kin hay khng?Kt lun phi r rng, nhng khng nn i ra ngoi khun kh ca d kin. Chng hn nh nu kt qu cho thy ht thuc l lm tng ung th phi, tc gi khng nn kt lun rng ngng ht thuc l s gim ung th phi.

*Discussion (5)Lu 1: - Hn ch ti thiu vic n thun nhc li, vit li kt qu s liu trnh by bng, biu, s - Trnh vit lan man di dng. Vit nhng sc tch- Ch chia paragraph hp l, r rng.- Khng nn vit cu qu di.- Vit - c li - lc bt - chnh sa (polishing) Bi bo Well-written = n gin + C ng + Trong sng

*Discussion (6)Lu 2: Vn phong ting Anh- Nu bn lun cp n nghin cu trong qu kh: dng th qu kh. VD: Taxol was isolated from Taxus baccata in 1971 and approved for use in clinical settings in 1993.- Nu nhc n khi nim, hng mi, cch tip cn mi: dng present perfect. VD: Targeting this enzyme has been proposed as an attractive approach for cancer treatment.- Din gii d liu: dng simple presence. VD: The data demonstrate that, or The table 1 shows that, or The findings show that.

*Discussion (7)Lu 2: Vn phong ting Anh (tip)C gng trau chut cch din t: ngn gn, c ng, sc tch, khng di dng.VD: We have conducted a study on . We studiedOr: We made an analysis of the data We analyzed the data.

5. Bn lunCn phn bn lun chung, m khng phi l tng kt qu, cho mt ci nhn tng qut

6. Kt lunTr li cu hi: H qu ca nghin cu l g?Trnh by nhng h qu ca nghin cuNu cc xut v kin nghNu cc hng nghin cu tip theo v nghin cu b sung Cn trnh by: Khng nh nhng kt qa t c, nhng ng gp mi v xut mi.Bm st mc tiu nghin cuNgn gn, khng c li bn, bnh lun, suy lun

7. Ti liu tham khoTrnh by nhng ti liu tham kho

8. Ph lca thm mt s thng tin cn thit thuyt minh cho kt qu nghin cu

CC NGUYN TC VNGVn phong khoa hcTh b ngKhch quanNgn ng ton hc:Cc quan h nh lng (s liu ri rc, bng s liu, biu , th ton hc, v.v)S :Cho hnh nh khi qut v cu trc h thng, nguyn l vn hnh ca h thng v.vHnh v:Tng quan khng gian, khng i hi c thnh:Cc s kin sng ng

C IM MT BO CO TT

5 c im chnh ca mt bo co ttLogicThng tin y , chnh xcNgn gn, r rng ng ng php, chnh tLi vn hp dn

LogicCu trc bo co th hin tin trnh suy ngh, phn tch khoa hc t u n cui (t vn _Tng quan_PP NC_Kt qu_Kt lun Khuyn ngh: logic)Mi kt lun l kt qu ca qu trnh phn tch chi tit cc vn t ra trong nghin cu. Mi khuyn ngh phi da trn nhng kt lun v cc vn c phn tch.

Thng tin y chnh xcPhn tch k nhng iu t cMi nhn nh phi da trn nhng thng tin c th, chnh xc, cp nht.Mi suy lun, pht hin phi c l l lp lun r rng, th hin s suy ngh k lng v logic.

Ngn gn r rngVit thng vo vn cn vitKhng vit nhc li Khng vit di hn mc cn thitMi on vn ch vit mt Dng bng, biu cho nhng phn lit k thng tin.

ng ng php, chnh tCu c ch ng, v ng, v cc thnh phn ph cn thit

Li vn hp dnDng t chnh xc, t ng c hnh nh, v d c trng.

Thi gian bo co 15 pht: khng qu nhiu Slide, nn 10-12 pht

8-10 dng/ 1 Slide

Yu t kh quyt nh trong im kha lun: Ch cao

Mu tng phn gia nn ch v nh: ch cht lng projectorCH !!!!!!!!!!!!!!

D theo di, logic vn , ch nhn mnh kt qu t c

u tin bng, biu cho minh ha thng tin (Link?)Tp i tp li nhiu ln bo co, nh tht Hi khng r b qua, khng mt bnh tnh (Cn cc (bm)bnh tnh)

Tr li ngay khi hi xong (ghi chp cn thn cc cu hi, khng b st)CH !!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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