Upload
victoria-ward
View
213
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
CARDIOVASCULAR CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMSYSTEM
Chapter 15Chapter 15
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW BASIC FUNCTION: Bulk TransportBASIC FUNCTION: Bulk Transport
– Move nutrients and gases to tissue areasMove nutrients and gases to tissue areas Nutrients for energy, building materialsNutrients for energy, building materials Oxygen for cellular respirationOxygen for cellular respiration
– Remove wastes from tissue areasRemove wastes from tissue areas Urea and other metabolic wastesUrea and other metabolic wastes Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide
BASIC STRUCTURE: Heart + VesselsBASIC STRUCTURE: Heart + Vessels– Heart – force pumpHeart – force pump– Pulmonary Circuit – blood to lungs and back to Pulmonary Circuit – blood to lungs and back to
heartheart Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Artery alveoli + pulmonary capillaries alveoli + pulmonary capillaries
pulmonary veins pulmonary veins– Systemic Circuit – circulation to all parts of Systemic Circuit – circulation to all parts of
bodybody Arteries – take blood away from heartArteries – take blood away from heart Capillaries – material exchangeCapillaries – material exchange Veins – take blood towards heartVeins – take blood towards heart
DIAGRAM
HEART STRUCTUREHEART STRUCTURE CoveringsCoverings
– PericardiumPericardium Double layeredDouble layered Separated by Separated by
pericardial cavitypericardial cavity– Epicardium – visceral Epicardium – visceral
pericardiumpericardium Outer layerOuter layer Serous membraneSerous membrane
– Mycardium – cardiac Mycardium – cardiac muscle tissuemuscle tissue ThickestThickest
– Endocardium – lines Endocardium – lines chamberschambers Purkinje fibersPurkinje fibers
ChambersChambers– Atria – upper (L & R)Atria – upper (L & R)
Auricles – outside flapsAuricles – outside flaps– Ventricles – lower (L & Ventricles – lower (L &
R)R)– Ineratrial and Ineratrial and
interventricle septumsinterventricle septums Valves Valves one way flow one way flow
– Chordae Tendinae and Chordae Tendinae and Papillary musclesPapillary muscles
– Tricuspid – b/w R. Atria Tricuspid – b/w R. Atria & R. Ventricle& R. Ventricle
– Bicuspid (mitral) – b/w Bicuspid (mitral) – b/w L. Atria & L. VentricleL. Atria & L. Ventricle
– Pulmonary Semilunar – Pulmonary Semilunar – b/w R. Ventricle & b/w R. Ventricle & Pulmonary ArteriesPulmonary Arteries
– Aortic Semilunar – b/w Aortic Semilunar – b/w L. Ventricle & AortaL. Ventricle & Aorta
DIAGRAM
INTERACTIVE DIAGRAM
VALVE DIAGRAM
HEART STRUCTUREHEART STRUCTURE Order of Blood Flow Order of Blood Flow
(Deoxygenated Blood)(Deoxygenated Blood)– Veins from Systemic Veins from Systemic
(Body) Circuit(Body) Circuit– Superior/ Inferior Vena Superior/ Inferior Vena
CavaCava– Right AtriaRight Atria– Tricuspid ValveTricuspid Valve– Right VentricleRight Ventricle– Pulmonary Semilunar Pulmonary Semilunar
ValveValve– Pulmonary ArteriesPulmonary Arteries– Lungs (capillaries)Lungs (capillaries)
Order of Blood Flow Order of Blood Flow (Oxygenated Blood)(Oxygenated Blood)– Lungs (capillaries)Lungs (capillaries)– Pulmonary ArteriesPulmonary Arteries– Left AtriaLeft Atria– Bicuspid ValveBicuspid Valve– Left VentricleLeft Ventricle– Aortic Semilunar ValveAortic Semilunar Valve– AortaAorta– Arteries of Systemic Arteries of Systemic
CircuitCircuit Heart circulationHeart circulation
– Coronary arteries Coronary arteries capillaries capillaries cardiac cardiac veins veins coronary sinus coronary sinusHEART DIAGRAM
CARDIAC CONDUCTION CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEMSYSTEM
Specialized tissue Specialized tissue to transmit muscle to transmit muscle impulse for proper impulse for proper heart contractionsheart contractions– Functional Functional
synctiumsynctium– Self-excitatorySelf-excitatory
Cardiac cycle – 1 Cardiac cycle – 1 complete heartbeatcomplete heartbeat– Systole – Systole –
contraction contraction – Diastole – Diastole –
relaxationrelaxation ““lub” – “dup”lub” – “dup”
– 11stst sound – A-V sound – A-V valvesvalves
– 22ndnd sound – sound – semilunar valvessemilunar valves
Atria systole; Ventricle diastoleAtria systole; Ventricle diastole– Blood through A-V valvesBlood through A-V valves– SA (sinoatrial) nodeSA (sinoatrial) node
PacemakerPacemaker Transmit impulse to atriaTransmit impulse to atria
Atria diastole; Ventricle systoleAtria diastole; Ventricle systole– AV (atrialventricular) node AV (atrialventricular) node AV AV
bundle (Bundle of His) bundle (Bundle of His) purkinje purkinje fibersfibers
– Blood forced through semilunar Blood forced through semilunar valvesvalves
– ““Lub” – AV valves slam shutLub” – AV valves slam shut Murmur - defectMurmur - defect
Atria diastole; Ventricle diastoleAtria diastole; Ventricle diastole– Heart resetsHeart resets
DIAGRAM
EKG AND HEART ACTIONSEKG AND HEART ACTIONS Electrocardiogram – graph of Electrocardiogram – graph of
electrical activity of heart electrical activity of heart during cardiac cycleduring cardiac cycle– P wave – depolarization of atriaP wave – depolarization of atria
Impulse causes atria systoleImpulse causes atria systole
– P-Q interval – flat lineP-Q interval – flat line Impulse travels from atria to Impulse travels from atria to
ventricular fibersventricular fibers No contraction No contraction
– QRS Complex – depolarization of QRS Complex – depolarization of ventricles; repolarization of atriaventricles; repolarization of atria Ventricular systoleVentricular systole Atria returning to relaxed stateAtria returning to relaxed state
– T wave – repolarization of T wave – repolarization of ventriclesventricles
DIAGRAM
FACTORS AFFECTINGFACTORS AFFECTINGCARDIAC CYCLECARDIAC CYCLE
Parasympathetic pathways – inhibitParasympathetic pathways – inhibit– AchAch– Vegas NerveVegas Nerve
Sympathetic pathway – excitatorySympathetic pathway – excitatory– NorepinephrineNorepinephrine
Controlled by cardiac center (medulla oblongata)Controlled by cardiac center (medulla oblongata)– Baroreceptors in carotid arteries and aortaBaroreceptors in carotid arteries and aorta– Cerebrum and hypothalamusCerebrum and hypothalamus
Fainting – slow downFainting – slow down Anxiety – speed upAnxiety – speed up
– TemperatureTemperature– IonsIons
Arrythmias – irregular heartrate (ECG)Arrythmias – irregular heartrate (ECG)– Clinical Application 15.3 – P. 588 - 589Clinical Application 15.3 – P. 588 - 589– Tachycardia, bradycardia, ventricular fibrillationTachycardia, bradycardia, ventricular fibrillation– ECG interactive toolECG interactive tool
LAYERS OF THE HEARTLAYERS OF THE HEART
OPERATION OF VALVESOPERATION OF VALVES
ECG – Depolarization and ECG – Depolarization and Repolarization of cardiac tissueRepolarization of cardiac tissue
CORONARY ARTERIES &CORONARY ARTERIES &CARDIAC VEINSCARDIAC VEINS