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Comparisons of Tree Growth Ring Diameter Between
Quercus falcate, Pinus taeda, and Juniperus virginiana
Jennifer Luther, Carl Chmielewski, and Ryan Grubb
Research Question
• Ho: There is no difference in the average diameter of growth rings between Quercus falcate, Pinus taeda, and Juniperus virginiana
• Ha: There is a difference in the average diameter of growth rings between Quercus falcate, Pinus taeda, and Juniperus virginiana
Quercus falcata (Southern Red Oak)
• 20-25 m in height• 60-90 cm DBH• Humid, temperate climate• Upland tree with well
drained soil• Moderately fast growing
Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine)• Max height 49.7 m• Max DBH 143 cm• Humid, warm-temperatures
• High day temps increase growth• High night temps decrease growth
• Wide range of moisture levels• Rapidly growing juvenile
growth
Juniperus virginiana (Eastern Red Cedar)
• 12-37 m in height• 30-122 cm DBH• Variety of climates• Variety of moisture levels• Growth rate depends on
site characteristics
Selection and GPS Location of Southern Red Oak
Selection and GPS location of Loblolly Pine
Selection and GPS location of Eastern Red Cedar
Dendrochronology• Uses tree rings to analyze
temporal and spatial patterns from the past
• Increment borer removes tree core
• Width between rings were measured to find growth per year
• Statistics and graphs were developed using R-Studio and Excel
Variables of Study
• Dependent variable: growth of each species per year
• Independent variable: The three species (Southern Red Oak, Loblolly Pine, and Eastern Red Cedar)
• Mean Growth Per Year:• Loblolly Pine – 4.92 mm• Southern Red Oak – 2.23
mm• Eastern Red Cedar – 11.74
mm
Total Growth PercentLoblolly Pine: 1.72%Southern Red Oak:
0.65%Eastern Red Oak: 4.33%
• Mean DBHLoblolly Pine – 992.03 mm
Southern Red Oak – 2042.25 mm
Eastern Red Cedar – 1054.42 mm
• Mean RPI• Loblolly Pine - 151.13 mm
• Southern Red Oak - 297.18 mm
• Eastern Red Cedar – 57.15 mm Loblolly Pine Southern Red Oak Eastern Red Cedar0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Grow
th %
Yearly growth comparison of 3 species over 10 year span
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Loblolly Pine Southern Red Oak Eastern Red Cedar
Aver
age
ring
wid
th (m
m)
Total Growth for 10 Year Span
Loblolly Pine: 49.2 mmSouthern Red Oak: 22.35
mmEastern Red Cedar:
117.45 mm
Loblolly Pine Southern Red Oak Eastern Red Cedar0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Tota
l 10
Year
Rin
g W
idth
(mm
)
Frequency of Tree Ring Width for Loblolly Pine
Range = 11Number of Class = 12
Class Width = 0.92
.5 -
1.5
1.5
- 2.5
2.5
- 3.5
3.5
- 4.5
4.5
- 5.5
5.5
- 6.5
6.5
- 7.5
7.5
- 8.5
8.5
- 9.5
9.5
- 10.
5
10.5
- 11
.5
11.5
- 12
.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Tree Ring Width (mm)
Freq
uenc
y
Frequency of Tree Ring Width for
Southern Red OakRange = 7.5
Number of Classes = 9Class Width = 0.83
0 - 1
.33
1.33
- 1.8
3
1.83
- 2.33
2.33
- 3.8
3
3.83
- 4.3
3
4.33
- 5.8
3
5.83
- 6.3
3
6.33
- 7.8
3
7.83
- 8.3
3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Tree Ring Width (mm)
Freq
uenc
y
Frequency of Tree Ring Width for Eastern Red
CedarRange = 13
Number of Classes = 14Class width = 0.93
4.07 -
5.93
5.93 -
6.07
6.07 -
7.93
7.93 -
8.07
8.07 -
9.93
9.93 -
10.07
10.07
- 11
.9311
.93 -
12.07
12.07
- 13
.9313
.93 -
14.07
14.07
- 15
.9315
.93 -
16.07
16.07
- 17
.9317
.93 -
18.07
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Tree Ring Width (mm)
Freq
uenc
y
Test for Normality and Homogeneity of Variance
Shapiro-Wilks• Loblolly Pine
• P-value = 0.38
• Southern Red Oak• P-value = 0.87
• Eastern Red Cedar• P-value = 0.095
Bartlett Test for ring width growth• K-squared = 4.96• df = 2• P-Value = 0.084
ANOVA for ring width growthdf Sum sq Mean sq F-value Pr(>F)
Species 2 480.8 240.38 1514 <2e-16Residuals 27 4.3 0.15
TukeyHSD for ring widthSpecies Diff Lwr UprOak-Cedar -9.51 -9.95 -9.07Pine-Cedar -6.82 -7.27 -6.38Pine-Oak 2.68 2.24 3.13
Conclusions
• Due to the extremely small p-value found when running the ANOVA, we reject the Ho
• The TukeyHSD showed a significant difference between all species, but there was a significant range between the Eastern Red Cedar and the other two species.
References
• Belanger, R. P., Krinard, R. M. 2004. Silvics of Forest Trees of the United States. USDA Ag Handbook. 654:2.
• Grissino-Mayer, H. D. The Science of Tree Rings. The University of Tennessee. Available at: http://web.utk.edu/~grissino/index.htm.