专四系统班讲义

写作

目录

一、2016 年改革后题型变化

二、得分要点

三、专四写作历年真题

专四写作例题 1：2016 年真题

专四写作例题 2-15：考虫 Lili 老师独家

一、2016年改革后题型变化

（一）删掉了便条作文；

（二）由简单命题作文升级为素材作文；

（三）题目要求先阅读材料文章，作出总结，再进行评论；

（四）字数要求为 200字以上；

（五）分值由 15 分变为 20分；

二、得分要点

（一）summary部分不能超过文章总篇幅的 1/3；

（二）summary部分可以适当用原文的部分词语，不可全部照抄原文；

（三）注意 summary 和 comment两部分的链接。

三、专四写作历年真题

专四写作例题 1（2016 年真题）：

PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]

Read carefully the following excerpt on term-time holiday arguments in the UK,

and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:

• summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then

• comment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday

during term time in order to save money.

You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.

Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization

and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss

of marks.

Term-time holidays will be banned

Parents are to be banned by Michael Gove, UK’s Education Secretary, from

taking their children out of school to save money on holidays.

He is to abolish the right of head teachers to “authorise absence” from the

classroom, which has been used to let families take term-time breaks, and will warn

them they face fines for their children not being at school.

“Any time out of school has the potential to damage a child’s education,” a

senior source at the Department for Education said this weekend. “That is why the

government will end the distinction between authorised and unauthorised absence. ”

“This is part of the government’s wider commitment to bring down truancy

levels in our schools. There will also be stricter penalties for parents and schools. ”

The tough measures on truancy are part of a wider attempt by Mr Gove to make

education more academically rigorous and to tackle a culture in the educational

establishment which he believes has accepted “excuses for failure”.

Russell Hobby, the general secretary of the National Association of Head

Teachers, said the measure would discourage parents from trying to put pressure on

heads to sanction term time holidays. “The high cost of holidays outside of term time

is still an issue but ultimately a child’s education is more important than a holiday,” he

said.

Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

参考范文（考虫 Lili 老师独家）：

Due to the high cost of holidays during the school breaks in the UK, many

parents are looking to take their children out of school for an affordable vacation.

They often use the loophole that head teachers having the authority to grant an

“authorized absence” to pressurise head teachers to sanction term time holidays. The

UK’s Education Secretary has announced to abolish this right and increase penalties

for parents and schools who remove children throughout term time.

Personally, I believe that this topic is not straightforward and there are many pros

and cons for both sides of the debate. A child’s education is certainly of upmost

importance and systematic flouting of school rules should be addressed. However, an

education is something that lies beyond the classroom and life experiences are

definitely key to the development of a child’s mind. Rather than a rigidity in attitude

to what is considered “good’ and “the right thing” for a child, we also need to address

that by increasing penalties for term time absence you are also disproportionately

effecting poorer families who are already struggling to afford the increased cost of

holidays during term breaks. Are we not then only allowing the wealthy children the

advantage of travel and vacations?

The only sensible approach to this conundrum is allowing head teachers the

power and autonomy to review each child’s absence on a case by case basis and

looking at the entirety of their attendance at school. If a child is regularly in

attendance, high performing and of a short absence of little impact? Then why not

allow the kid the chance to experience a little of what life has to offer. After all, who

doesn’t love a holiday?

专四写作例题 2（考虫 Lili 老师独家）：

PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]

Read carefully the following excerpt on introvert arguments, and then write your

response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:

• summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then

• comment on whether being introverted is a good or bad thing.

You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.

Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization

and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss

of marks.

Introverts: There is Nothing Wrong with You

Many introverts worry that they’ll be held back by their quiet personalities. But

by effectively harnessing their strengths, introverts can achieve great things. Albert

Einstein, Rosa Parks, Mahatma Gandhi, J.K. Rowling, and Audrey Hepburn are

examples of introverts who have made history.

Introverts possess a bounty of natural gifts. They’re keen observers, gifted

writers, and social media whizzes. They contribute thoughtful comments and ask

insightful questions, pausing to listen to the answers. They remember details, prepare

well for meetings, and can happily work in solitude.

By clearly understanding themselves, introverts often find that they’re able to

work with (rather than against) their personalities. For example, if you get exhausted

from constantly interacting with people, consider scheduling quiet “recovery breaks”

throughout the day or after a big event. If you’re nervous about networking, prepare a

mental list of conversation points and questions to ask. If you hate face-to-face

marketing, establish a strong social media presence.

Above all, self-acceptance can help introverts feel at peace with themselves and

interact confidently with others. By rejecting the notion that introversion is a character

flaw, a liability, or a shameful secret, introverts can honor their true natures and find

sustainable ways to succeed at work.

Carl Jung, the Swiss psychiatrist who developed bedrock theories about

introversion, put it well when he said, “The privilege of a lifetime is to become who

you truly are.”

Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

专四写作例题 3（考虫 Lili 老师独家）：

PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]

Read carefully the following excerpt on paying teachers for student test scores

arguments, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which

you should:

• summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then

• comment on whether teachers’ payments should be evaluated based on

students’ test scores.

You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.

Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization

and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss

of marks.

Paying Teachers for Student Test Scores Damages Schools and

Undermines Learning

Independent researchers have found that evaluating and paying teachers for test

scores is either damaging or irrelevant to improved learning. Unfortunately, even

evidence of harm does not seem to affect the growing popularity of such schemes.

Policymakers, including U.S. Education Secretary Arne Duncan, should stop

promoting this failed approach.

Paying for higher test scores results in score inflation, not genuine learning.

Researchers have extensively documented test score inflation under the widely

criticized No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and similar state programs. Paying Wall

Street executives for short-term monetary results contributed to the financial bubble

and its subsequent collapse. Similarly, payment for test scores will intensify the

existing trend toward inflating results (the bubble, caused by extensive teaching to the

test) without improving real learning (the collapse, visible when students enter college

or the workforce unprepared).

Payment for "performance" will exacerbate damage to the curriculum caused by

NCLB. Schools add time and effort to the tested subjects of math and reading, then

subtract it from other important areas including social studies, science, art, music, and

gym. If all teachers are paid for the school's math and reading scores, this will further

narrow the curriculum. In Texas, for example, science and history teachers have been

forced to teach math and reading.

Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

专四写作例题 4（考虫 Lili 老师独家）：

PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]

Read carefully the following excerpt on in-store shopping arguments, and then

write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:

• summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then

• comment on whether in-store shopping is better than online shopping.

You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.

Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization

and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss

of marks.

Consumers Still Like Benefits Of In-Store Shopping

Consumers want their shopping experiences to be efficient, convenient and

enjoyable — and while Internet stores offer them many benefits, they know physical

stores still do, too.

PwC’s international Total Retail Survey notes that the top three reasons

worldwide that consumers make in-store purchases are not replicable by online stores.

Customers like to shop in a brick-and-mortar store so they can touch the merchandise,

take home the product immediately and be more certain about the fit or suitability of

their purchase, the study shows.

PwC surveyed more than 19,000 people in more than 19 countries, and found

that 36 percent of the respondents visit a physical store weekly and 41 percent shop

online every week.

In past years, an important trend has been customers visiting brick-and-mortar

stores and then purchasing the products online, a technique called showrooming.

About 68 percent of shoppers showroom, the PwC study shows.

However, the study reveals the opposite is just as likely. About 70 percent of

respondents say they had browsed for products online, and then visited a physical

store to make their purchases.

Brick-and-mortar operations need to capitalize on and market the advantages

they offer over the online shopping experience.

“As online shopping continues to grow at the expense of store visits, the

premium in the future will be on creating unique, brand-defining experiences that

keep customers coming back – whatever the channel,” PwC says.

Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

专四写作例题 5（考虫 Lili 老师独家）：

PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]

Read carefully the following excerpt on animal testing arguments, and then write

your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:

• summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then

• comment on whether people should conduct animal test for human

medications.

You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.

Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization

and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss

of marks.

Animal Testing: Cruel and Useless

For many years researchers have been using animals as test tools for human

medications. Types of animal testing are medical research, dissection, and cosmetic

testing. Animal testing is cruel and an inhumane way to torture animals for mankinds

own benefit. There have been millions of animals that have suffered a vicious, painful

death in the name of research.

People say that by using animals, we are getting closer to finding the cure for

cancer, but in fact, all the researchers found was the cure for cancer in mice, but it

simply didn't work in humans, according to a former head of the U.S. National Cancer

Institute (PETA: at stake). Animals and humans are built differently; because of this

animals don't suffer from disease in the same way that people do. In research labs

animals are screamed at, hit, and stuffed in tiny cages when researchers are finished

using them.

It is also stated that ninety-two percent out of every 100 drugs that passed animal

testing failed clinical trials on people. Every year in the United States alone, there are

more than 100,000 human deaths all caused by drugs that were successfully passed by

animal testing (PETA: at stake). Since all that extensive research has failed, it has

wasted time that could have been spent using alterative testing which would be more

reliable and accurate for medical research.

Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.