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©CC-BY-NC 4.0
变生活灰水为园艺用水讲座Greywater Workshop
之圣盖博谷上谷水区For Upper San Gabriel Valley MWD
Presentation by 主讲:丁连葳,谢飞
www.greywateraction.org 1
第一部分:灰水简介Part 1: Greywater 101
9am-10am
第二部分:如何设计和构建 L2L 系统Part 2: How to Design and Build a Laundry-to-Landscape System
10am-12pm
第二部分:如何设计和构建 L2L 系统Part 2: How to Design and Install a L2L System
视频来自“问问这些老房子” Video from “Ask This
Old House”
灰水概述 Greywater Overview
洗衣机灌溉系统概述 Laundry to landscape overview
一步一步教你如何建造灰水再利用系统 Step-
by-step how to build an L2L
用零件亲手模拟建造一个系统 Mock-up L2L
system with real parts
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 56
洗衣机水灌溉花园系统( L2L ) Laundry-to-Landscape (L2L)
洗衣机灌溉系统 A washing machine
system
不需要改造水管道,也不需要许可证(在遵守基本要求的基础上) that doesn't alter the plumbing and doesn’t require a permit (if basic guidelines are followed).
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 57
流向下水道
洗衣机
1英尺灌溉水管½英尺出口
洗衣机水灌溉花园系统
松配连接地下排水管道或腐化系统
Loose fitting connection to the sewer/septic
灰水流向花园Greywater goes to landscape
分流闸Diverter valve
防虹吸口安装在分流闸流向花园的一面Anti-siphon ventinstalled onthe landscape side of the valve
室内连接系统Connections Inside the House
洗衣机排水管 Washer drain hose
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在你开始前:清理洗衣机的过滤槽Before You Start- Clean the Pump Filter
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泵压过滤器Pump filter
连接三向分流闸Connect the 3-way Valve
1英寸三向铜分流闸1”-brass 3-wayValve
软管夹Hose clamp
洗衣机排水管道Washer hose (from machine)
1英寸聚氯乙烯外螺纹接头
1” PVC male adapter
1英寸聚氯乙烯
带刺外螺纹接头1”PVC barbed male
adapter
1英寸Sch40聚氯乙烯
管道1”schedule 40 PVC pipe
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用聚四氟乙烯带缠绕螺纹管件Teflon Tape Threaded Fittings
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三向阀门结构3-way Valve Configurations
1. 阀门必须安装在机器的溢流口上 Valve
must be above “flood rim” of machine.
2. 洗衣机输水口必须链接中间的部分 Washer hose must connect to middle port.
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©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 63
第二个洗衣机输水管用耒连接下水道 Second washer hose used for sewer connection.
三向阀门结构3-way Valve Configurations
为管道钻孔(通过墙或地板)Drill Hole for Pipe (through the wall/floor)
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 64
防虹吸配件Anti-siphon Component
这个配件是自动排气口 This piece is
called an Auto-Vent, in-line vent or AAV)
这个配件是用来防止洗衣机再注水时造成虹吸现象并将水抽出机器 It's function is to prevent a siphon
from forming and sucking water out of the machine when it tries to refill.
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$4-$6
$20-$30
自动排气装置, 1.5英寸螺纹Autovent (1 ½” threads)
1.5英寸内螺纹连接器1 ½” FPT (female pipethreads) by slip coupling
异径套管Reducing bushing1 ½” x 1” slip
组装防虹吸装置Assemble the Anti-siphon Component
1英寸 sch40聚氯乙烯塑料管1” schedule 40 PVC pipe
1英寸聚氯乙烯三向连接器1” PVC tee
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水流从三向阀门流过来Flow from 3-way valve
水流流向花园Going to the landscape
防虹吸装置的安装位置 Placement of Anti-siphon
可以安装在室内也可以安装在室外, ( 但安装在房屋外部是需要防结冰保护 ) Can be inside or outside (may need freeze protection)
必须安装在整个系统的最高位置 Must be at the high point of the system
必须安装在可以触,并能看见的地方,以防止看不见漏水现象。( 例如,不要安装在墙后 ) Must be accessible/visible in case of future leaks (e.g. not behind a wall)
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从阀门到出口的管道工作Plumb from Valve to Hole
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从阀门到下水道链接的管道工作Plumb from Valve to Sewer Connection
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将阀门或管道固定在背板上Strap Valve and/or Pipe
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标明管道和三向阀门的走向Label Pipe and 3-way Valve
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在洗衣间内的叠放式洗衣机 -有限空间内Stacked washer in closet- limited space
下水道 Sewer
灰水管在现有的墙上 GW pipe exits wall
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估算灰水产出量Estimate Greywater Production
1. 每周洗衣物的次数? Number of loads of laundry done each week?
2. 每次洗衣物的用水量 Number of gallons per load?
顶装式洗衣机≈ 40 加仑 / 次 Top loading machine uses ≈ 40 gallons/load
前装式洗衣机≈ 20 加仑 / 次 Front loading machine uses ≈ 20 gallons/load
顶装高效节能式洗衣机≈ 25 加仑 / 次 Top efficient machines uses ≈ 25 gallons/load
3. 未来的变化? Future changes?
1.新洗衣机?用水量是否改变了? New machine? Change in usage?
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 74
Estimate Greywater Production估算灰水产出量
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 75
Formula: 计算公式
# of loads per week x gallons per load = gallons/week of greywater每周洗衣次数 x每次洗衣用水量 =每周灰水产出量
Example:示例:
4 loads/week X 25 gallons/load = 100
gallons/week of greywater4 次 /周 x 25 加仑 / 次 = 100 加仑 /周 的灰水
为洗衣机灰水灌溉花园系统选择植物
Choosing Plants for L2L Greywater Irrigation
好的选择: Good options:
第一名:树(果树是最好的选择) 1st Trees (fruit trees are nice!)
第二名:灌木 2nd Shrubs/bushes
第三名:多年生草本或大型一年生草本 3rd Perennials and large annuals
产果实植物也可以,只要灰水不接触食用部分 Food crops are fine as long as greywater doesn‘t touch the edible portion
拥有大型根系的植物很合适生长在灰水灌溉的环境里Plants with larger root zones thrive with laundry watering patterns.
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为洗衣机灰水灌溉花园系统选择植物Choosing Plants for L2L Greywater Irrigation
不好的选择: Not as good options:
草坪 Lawns
抗旱植物(不需要灌溉的) Drought established (eg. never irrigated)
小植物和花盆植物 Small plants or in pots
敏感型植物 Sensitive plants
根茎果实类作物(不被条例允许) Root crops (not allowed by code)
种植床—视情况而定 Raised beds- depending on the situation
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那些地方需要灌溉?What would you water here?
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为植物排名Rank that Plant
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适合 L2L 系统的好选择Good choice for a L2L system
尚且可以的选择Might be okay
不好的选择Bad idea
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花盆植物Potted Plants
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堆砌起来的种植床 Raised Beds
作为沙拉食用的绿叶植物?
Salad greens?
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西葫芦?Squash?
堆砌起来的种植床 Raised Beds
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 84
其他的选择Another Option
图片来自:圣罗莎市Photos by: City of Santa Rosa
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 85
果树?Fruit Trees?
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地面种植的食用植物?Edible in the Ground?
西红柿?Tomatoes?
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洋葱?Onions?
地面种植的食用植物?Edible in the Ground?
规划房屋以外的部分Planning the Outside Portion
决定灰水的产出 Determine greywater production
计算植物的需水量 Calculate plant water requirements
确定出需要灌溉的植物 Identify what plants to irrigate
规划灰水的流动走向 Plan the path of travel
准备好花园 Prepare the landscape
依照条例的要求 Comply with the code
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 88
植物需水量Plant Water Requirements
洛杉矶地区的灌溉水用量峰值
Peak irrigation in LA area
每平方英尺的种植区域每周需要用水 0.5 加仑 .
Water ½ a gallon per week, per square foot of planted area
注:低用水量植物需要将次估算值减半
Note: For low-water use plants cut this estimate in half.
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例如: Example:
一个 20平方英尺的绿篱区域每周需要多少用水量?How much should you water a hedge each week that is 20 square feet in area?
0.5 加仑 x20平方英尺 =10加仑 /周
½ gallon x 20 square feet =10 gallons/week
种植区域的面积Area of Planted Area
占用空间Footprint
长方形或正方形种植区域Rectangle or Square
面积=长 x 宽Area = length x width
圆形种植区域Circle
面积 = πx半径的平方 = πx半径 x半径Area = π r² = 3 x radius x radius
练习题Practice
一个占地 30平方英尺的树每周所需的用水量?How many gallons per week would a tree with a 30 square foot area require?
30x0.5 加仑 = 15 加仑 /周 (高峰期灌溉)30 x 1/2 gallon = 15 gallons/week (This is for peak irrigation)
一个占地面积为 40平方英尺的绿篱每周所需的用水量?
How many gallons per week would a hedge covering 40 square feet require?
练习题 Practice:
计算出植物的用水需求量Finding Plant Water Requirements
这个树莓灌木丛每周在灌溉高峰季的需水量是多少?
How many gallons a week would this raspberry bush require during the peak irrigation season?
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 92
示例 Example
占地面积 =长 x 宽 Footprint= length x width
2x10=20平方英尺 2 x 10 = 20 square feet
20 平方英尺 ÷2=10 加仑 /周 在灌溉高峰季 20 ÷ 2 = 10 gallons/week during the irrigation season
如果这是个抗旱植物,灌溉一半的用水量 If this was
a drought tolerant plant, irrigate half as much.
例如 For example:
10 加仑 ÷2= 5 加仑 /周 10 gallons ÷ 2 = 5 gallons/week2 ft 10 ft
不适当的设计将不会省水 Improper Designs Won‘t Save Water
灰水输出口安放在草坪中间
GW outlets planted
in the middle of turf grass
Image credit City of Long Beach office of Sustainability图片来源:长岛市能源可持续使用办公室
适当的设计系统确实可以省水Adequately Designed Systems Do Save Water
平均省水量:14,565 加仑 / 年
(夏季高至 10,000 加仑冬季高至 5 , 000 加仑)
Average savings:14,565gallons/year(~10,000 summer,
~5,000winter)
www.greywateraction.org/greywater-study-0
平均每月用水量
灰水系统安置前
灰水系统安置后
一月
二月
三月
四
月
五
月
六月
七
月
八
月
九
月
十
月
十
一月
十
二月
加仑每天
Top loading machine
Front loading machine
不要超过 20 个输出分配点(顶部加载节能洗衣机则减至 10个)No more than 20 distribution points(Reduce to 10 for top-efficient machine)
不要超过 8 个输出分配点(超节能洗衣机则减至 4 个)No more than 8 distribution points (reduce to 4 for ultra-efficient machines)
出水口数量Number of Outlets
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org
顶部加载洗衣机
前部加载洗衣机
灌溉区域的后退线要求 Setbacks for Irrigation Fields
来自加州管道法规的示例Example from CA Plumbing Code
离建筑 2英尺远 2 ft from buildings
离产权线 1.5英尺远 1.5 ft from property lines
离井或溪流 100英尺远 100 ft from wells or creeks
离腐化缸 5英尺远 5 ft from septic tank
离沥滤场 4英尺远 4 ft from leach field
高於地表水位线 3英尺 3 ft above groundwater table
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 96
安装花园灌溉管道Piping to Landscape
避开障碍物安装管道 Pipe around obstacles
在尽可能的情况下保持水管走向越走越低 .Try to maintain
a downwards slope when ever possible
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硬质铺装Hardscape
安装在其下方 Go under it
沿着硬质铺装走 Go
around it
将其移除 Remove it
切出一条通道 Cut a strip
of it
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 99
©CC-BY-SA www.greywateraction.org 100
Image © Steve Sanford from Greywater GreenLandscape图片来自:史蒂夫 .斯坦福,《灰水绿园》
向上的坡向: 不要灌溉洗衣机所在位置上坡方向的区域 .
平坦的场地:灌溉 50英尺以内的区域 .
向下的坡向:用蜿蜒式的管道安装方式来减慢水流速度 .
灌溉相对地形较高的植物,建造一个护堤以用来创造出一个平坦的覆盖物蓄水池。
注:不建议将分配输出口安排在 L2L系统的上坡方向 .
Note: If the distribution points are uphill a L2L system is not recommended.
将洗衣机视为一个抽水泵Be mindful of the washing machine pump!
在平坦的院子里,灰水的输出范围在 50英尺内 In a flat yard, distribution should
be within 50 feet
如果场地是沿下坡方向分配出水口的,那么将没有距离限制 If site slopes
downward to distribution points no rule on distance
向下的坡向:用蜿蜒式的管道安装方式来减慢水流速度 . Serpentine tubing to
slow greywater flow on downhill slopes
留出一个 1英寸的开口用来保护洗衣机的抽水泵。这可以是一个灌溉口,并且要安置在有覆盖物掩盖的覆盖物蓄水池。 Leave a 1” open end to protect the
machine‘s pump. This can be an irrigation point and should be located in a mulch shield in a mulch basin.
坡度的考虑因素Slope Considerations
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 101
挖掘渠沟和安装管道至蓄水池Trench and Install Tubing to Basins
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103
在“滴水线”下安置蓄水洼地Locate Basins in “Drip Line” of Plants
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Image © Steve Sanford from Greywater GreenLandscape图片来自:史蒂夫 .斯坦福,《灰水绿园》
104©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 104
Image credit: Ty Teissere
确保每个洼地足够大以至于不会有积水或者有水溢出 . Make
each basin large enough to soak up greywater without ponding or runoff.
黏土质土壤需要更大的洼地 .Clay soils need larger basins.
如何计算覆盖洼地的大小
How to Size a Mulch Basin
需要明确的部分:A point of clarification:
用每周灰水产出量来决定有多少植物需要灌溉 .
Use WEEKLY greywater production to decide how many plants to water.
用每天最大的流量来决定覆盖盆地的大小 .
Use DAILY MAXIMUM FLOW to determine size of mulch basins.
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 105
覆盖物保护Mulch Shield
防止植物根阻塞出水口prevents roots from clogging outlet
Image from SFPUC manual on greywater图片来自: SFPUC灰水手册
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 106
标记覆盖石
0.5英寸管道在地表 2英寸以下
覆盖物蓄水池1英寸 x0.5英寸三向连接器
图 4.覆盖物保护的安装图
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 107
覆盖物保护 - 灌溉阀门盒Mulch Shield- Irrigation Valve Box
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覆盖物保护 -4英寸直径排水管Mulch Shield- Piece of 4” Drain Pipe
堆砌种植床
Raised Beds
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被盖住的出口
麦秆
在覆盖物上开放式的出口
1英寸 x0.5英寸三向连接器
半个直径 3英寸的波纹管
在 1英寸管道上钻的 0.25英寸开口
90度带刺弯头
在堆砌种植池中的小型覆盖物蓄水池。為依据条例的要求灰水出口可以被覆盖物保护掩盖住。
麦秆
测试和调整系统Test and “Tune” System
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 110
Images: ©James Provost from The Water-Wise Home图片来自: ©James Provost的 智能用水家庭
调整水流速度Balance Flows
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第一步—调整三向连接器的角度1st- Adjust angle of tees
第二步—添加一个或两个球阀门以用来减低来自出口的过快水流速度 .
2nd- Add one or two ball valves to restrict flow from outlets with too much flow
防止堵塞Avoid Clogs
减少球阀门的用量 Minimize use of ball valves
用与管道尺寸相同的阀门这样可以有更大的内部孔 Use full port valves (that have large orifice inside)
不掩盖或填埋出口是最好的!!! Open outlet is best!!!!!
如果使用阀门,先检查是否有堵塞 Check for clogs when valves are used
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接下来Follow Up
掩埋管道 Bury tubing
检查内部漏水情况 Check for leaks inside
为暴露的聚氯乙烯塑料管喷漆 Paint exposed PVC pipe
填满小洞使之不漏水 Caulk holes
贴出标志 Post signs
贴出维护说明 Post maintenance manual
使用灰水安全的洗衣皂 Get greywater friendly soap
洗衣服 ..同时灌溉植物 Do laundry.. and water plants
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 113
为塑料管道喷漆来防紫外线保护管道Paint plastic pipe to protect from UV
用 Sikaflex来密封空洞Seal hole with Sikaflex
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 114
法规总结 Code Summary
(加州管道法规第 15章) (chap. 15 in CA plumbing code)
可以做的: Do‘s
有三向阀门 Have 3-way valve
标示系统 Label system
出口处需要 2英寸的覆盖物 /石头 Discharge under 2“
mulch/rock/cover
将水引去灌溉或排至废水处理池 Direct water to irrigation
or disposal field
减少接触 Minimize contact
拥有维护说明手册 Have a maintenance manual
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 115
不能做的: Don‘ts
积水或者水溢出的情况 Have ponding or runoff
排放到邻居的院子里(必须遵循退后线) Discharge into neighbor‘s yard
(must follow setbacks)
连接饮用供水源 Connect to potable water supply
包含抽水泵 Include a pump
违反其他法规、法律 Violate other codes/laws
损坏房屋 Damage building
改变已有的管道 Alter existing plumbing
使用洗尿布的水或者含有有害化学成分的物品(含油破布,等) Use
diaper wash water or hazardous chemicals (oily rags, etc.)
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 116
法规总结 Code Summary
(加州管道法规第 15章) (chap. 15 in CA plumbing code)
灰水灌溉的花园Greywater Irrigated Landscapes
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 117
年度维护Annual Maintenance
目测检查阀门和防虹吸处的漏水情况 Visually inspect valve and anti-siphon for leaks
检查覆盖洼地。挖出并用新的细木块替换已经腐烂的覆盖物 Check mulch basins. Dig out and replace composted mulch with fresh woodchips
检查阀门的阻塞情况(如果需要,清除阀门的阻塞) Check valves for clogs (unclog if necessary)
©CC-BY-NC www.greywateraction.org 118
这些零件叫什么? What is the part called?
在 L2L 系统中怎么使用他们? How is it used in
an L2L system?
作为一个小组,安装L2L 系统 As a group, put a
system together
L2L 模拟活动L2L Mock-Up Activity
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