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CCNA Semester 1

Chapter 01Chap

ter 01

INTRODUCTION TOINTRODUCTION TO

NETWORKINGNETWORKING

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2

ObjectivesObjectives

Understand the physical connection that hasto take place for a computer to connect to theInternet.

Recognize the components that comprise thecomputer.

Install and troubleshoot network interfacecards and/or modems.

Use basic testing procedures to test theInternet connection.

Demonstrate a basic understanding of the

use of web browsers and plug-ins

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3

Table of ContentTable of Content

1 Connecting to the internet

2 Network Math

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CONNECTING TO THE INTERNETCONNECTING TO THE INTERNET

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Requirements for Internet connectionRequirements for Internet connection

Physical connection

Connecting expansion card to a network

Logical connection

Using standards that so-called protocols

Applications

Work with protocols to send & receive data

Interpret data & display information

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6

PC basics: Small, Discrete ComponentsPC basics: Small, Discrete Components

Transistor Amplifies a signal or opens and closes a circuit.

Integrated circuit (IC)

Device made of semiconductor material

Contains many transistors and performs a specifictask.

Resistor

Device made of material that opposes the flow ofelectric current.

Capacitor

Electronic component that stores energy in theform of an electrostatic field

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PC Basics: Personal Computer SubsystemsPC Basics: Personal Computer Subsystems

Printed circuit board (PCB) A thin plate on which chips or integrated circuits

and other electronic components are placed.

CD-ROM drive

Compact disk read-only memory drive, which is adevice that can read information from a CD-ROM.

Central processing unit (CPU)

The brains of the computer where mostcalculations take place.

Floppy disk drive

A disk drive that can read and write to floppydisks.

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PC Basics: Personal Computer Subsystems (cont)PC Basics: Personal Computer Subsystems (cont)

Hard disk drive The device that reads and writes data on a hard

disk.

Microprocessor A silicon chip that contains a CPU.

Motherboard

The main circuit board of a microcomputer

Bus

A collection of wires through which data istransmitted from one part of a computer to

another.

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PC Basics: Personal Computer Subsystems (cont)PC Basics: Personal Computer Subsystems (cont)

Random-access memory (RAM) RAM requires electrical power to maintain data

storage.

Read-only memory (ROM) data has been prerecorded.

it cannot be removed and can only be read.

System unit

It includes the chassis, microprocessor, mainmemory, bus, and ports.

Expansion slot

A socket locates on the motherboard

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Network Interface CardNetwork Interface Card

Protocols - Ethernet, Token Ring, or

FDDI Types of media Twisted-pair, coaxial,wireless, or fiber-optic

Type of system bus PCI or ISA

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NIC and Modem InstallationNIC and Modem Installation

Internalmodem

Card

ExternalmodemExternal

modem

PC modemcard

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TCP/IP Description and ConfigurationTCP/IP Description and Configuration

TCP/IP is a set of protocols or rules developedto allow cooperating computers to shareresources a

TCP/IP must be configured using the

operating system tools.

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Testing Connectivity with PingTesting Connectivity with Ping

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Web Browser and Plug-insWeb Browser and Plug-ins

Applications work in conjunction with thebrowser to launch the program required to

view special files Flash plays multimedia files, which was created

by Macromedia Flash

QuickTime plays video files, which was created

by Apple Real Player plays audio files

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NETWORK MATHNETWORK MATH

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Information stored in computersInformation stored in computers

These 1 and 0 are referred to as binary digitsor bits.

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Bits and BytesBits and Bytes

Unit Definition Bytes* Bits* Examples

Bit Binary digit

A 1 or 0

1 On/off,open/close

Bytes 8 bits 1 8 A letter inASCII

Kilobyte 1024bytes 1000 8000 64Kb of RAM

Megabyte 1024Kbytes 1mil 8mil 64Mb of RAM

Gigabyte 1024Mbytes 1000mil 8 bil 40Gbyteshard drive

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Base 10 Number SystemBase 10 Number System

Example:2134 = (2x10^3) + (1x10^2) + (3x10^1) + (4x10^0)

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Converting Decimal Numbers to 8-bit Binary NumbersConverting Decimal Numbers to 8-bit Binary Numbers

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Converting 8-bit Binary Numbers to Decimal NumbersConverting 8-bit Binary Numbers to Decimal Numbers

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Four-octet Dotted DecimalFour-octet Dotted Decimal

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HexadecimalHexadecimal

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Boolean or Binary LogicBoolean or Binary Logic

AND OR

NOT

NOR

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IP Addresses and Network MasksIP Addresses and Network Masks

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SummarySummary

The physical connection that has to take place for a computerto connect to the Internet

The primary components of a computer

Installation and troubleshooting network interface cards

and/or modems Basic testing procedures to test the Internet connection

Web browser selection and configuration

The Base 2 number system

Binary number conversion to decimal

The hexadecimal number system

Binary representation of IP addresses and network masks

Decimal representation of IP addresses and network masks

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