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CIVIL ND STRUCTU R LENGINEERING

COM PUTING FOR PR CTICE

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CIVIL ND STRUCTUR LENGINEERING

COMPUTING FOR PR CTICE

Edited yB H K Topping

CIVIL COMP PRESS

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CIVIL C OM P PRESS10 Saxe-Coburg PlaceEdinburgh EH3 SBR UK

CIWL COMP PRESS is an imprint of Civil Comp Limited

1998 Civil-Comp Limited

British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 0 948749 58 X

Printed in the Scottish BordersbyMEIGLE PRINTERS LIMITEDGalashiels Scotland

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1 VISUALISATION AND AESTH ETICS. l THE VISUALISATION OF SPATIAL STRUCTURES WITH COMPU TER TECHNIQUES, P.

..................uybers, Civil Engineering Department, Delfl University of Technology, The Netherlands 11.2 BRIDGE AES THE TICS EDU CATIN G ENGIN EERS, D.R. Morris, Brown and Root, Leatherhead,

........................................................................................................................................................urrey 15

2 DESIGN LOADING2.1 EQUIVALENT VEHICLE LOAD FACTOR S FOR SLAB DESIGN OF A PARKING GARA GE, H.-G.Kwak and J.-Y. Song, Department of Civil Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science andTechnology, Taejon, K orea ....................................................................................................................... 232.2 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF A CYLINDRICAL SILO SHELL UNDER UNSYMM ETRICALPRESS URE DISTRIBU TIONS, D. Briassoulis, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Agriculturalniversity of Athens, Athens, Greece 32.3 STRUCTURA L BEHAVIOUR OF COOLING TOWERS UNDER DIFFERENT WIND LOADINGS,A. Mosquera, J.A. Jurado and S. Hernandez, University of La Coruna, La Coruna, Spain 41

3 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL ST RUCTURES3.1 COMPAR ATIVE DESIGN STUDY OF MULTI-STOREY STEEL FRAMES USING BOTH THE BS5950 AND AISC-LRFD CODES, E. Kameshki, Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering,University of Bahrain, Bahrain 5

4 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CONNE CTIONS4.1 SIMPLE TW O DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT MODELS FOR THE SIMULATION OF THESTRUCTURAL RESPONSE OF STEEL CONNECTIONS, M.I. Kontoleon, E.S. Mistakidis and C.C.Baniotopoulos, Institute for Steel Structures, Department of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University ofThessaloniki, Greec e 61

4.2 ANALYSIS OF MOMENT RESISTING STEEL CONNECTIONS UNDER REVERSED CYCLICLOA DING , C.G. Deng+* , O.S. Bursi+, and R. Zandonini+, +Department of Mechanical and StructuralEngineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy, *On leave from College of Structural Engineering,T o n al University, Shangai, China 75

4.3 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR T-STUB ALUMINIUM ALLOY JOINTS, G. De Matteis*, A.Mandara+ and F.M. Mazzolani*, *Department of Structural Analysis and Design, University of NaplesFederico II , Italy, +Dep artment of Civil Enginee ring, Second University of Naples, Italy 91

4.4 ON THE FINITE ELEMENT MOD ELLING OF RHS G AP K-JOtNTS: PARA METRIC ANALYSIS, T.GavrieIides, D. Vyzoviti, E.S. Mistakidis, C.C. Baniotopoulos and K. Thomopoulos, Institute for SteelStructures, Departm ent of Civil Enginee ring, Aristotle Un iversity o f Thessaloniki, Greece 105

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4.5 FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING AND EXPERIMENTAL TESTING OF SINGLE SHEAR BOLTEDJOINTS, H.M. Ramadan*, S.A. Mourad*, A.A. Rashed* and H. Bode+, *Faculty of Engineering, Caironiversity, Egypt, +Head of Steel Construction, Kaiserslautern University, Germany 1174.6 FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR END-PLATE JOINTS IN STEEL FRAMES, B. Bose, G.K.

Youngson and S. Sarkar, School of Construction and Environment, University of Abertay Dundee,Dundee, United Kingdom 254.7 FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING OF SEMI-RIGID COMPOSITE JOINTS, M. Kattner and M.Crisinel, ICOM Steel Structures, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL),Switzerland 1354.8 EFFECT OF VISCOUS DAMPING ON SEMI-RIGID KHORJINEE STEEL FRAMINGCONNECTION, M. Tehranizadeh, Department of Civil Engineering, Amir Kabir University ofTechnology, Tehran, Iran 145

5 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES5.1 INTEGRITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS BY THE ANALYSIS OF RESPONSEWAVEFORMS, H.C. Tan, O.O.R. Famiyesin and M.S. Imbabi, Department of Engineering, Universityf Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom 1555.2 PUNCHING SHEAR FAILURE OF FLAT SLABS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN FINITEELEMENT PREDICTIONS AND EXPERIMENTS, B.T. Lim and P. Bhatt, Department of CivilEngineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom 1635.3 DIRECT DESIGN FOR BENDING, TORSION AND SHEAR IN REINFORCED AND PARTIALLYPRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS, P. Bhatt and A. Muzhami, Department of Civil Engineering,University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom 1755.4 NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF PLANAR REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAMES, L.J. Leu and J.C.Cheng, Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 1875.5 BOUNDING SURFACE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE U-SHAPED COLUMN ELEMENTSSUBJECTED TO CYCLIC BIAXIAL BENDING WITH AXIAL LOAD, M.G. Sfakianakis,Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, Greece 1975.6 NUMERICAL MODELLlNG OF CONCRETE SLAB-COLUMN CONNECTIONS, T. O'Flaherty andR.Y. Xiao, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southampton,Southampton, United Kingdom 05

6 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF CIVIL ENGINEERlNG STRUCTURES6.1 FAILURE ANALYSIS OF MASONRY ARCHES, T. Aoki+, A. Miyamura+ and S. Di Pasquale*,+School of Design and Architecture, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan, *Faculty of Construction,University of Florence, Florence, Italy 2 136.2 STRESS HISTORY GENERATION FOR TRUSS BRIDGES USING MULTI-LEVEL MODELS, K.Kiss and L. Dunai, Department of Steel Structures,Technical University of Budapest, Hungary 221

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9 .2 BUCKLING UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE OF CLOSED TOROIDS W lTH CIRCULAR ANDELLIPTICAL CROSS SECTIONS, J . Blachut and O.R. Jaiswal, Department of Engineering, Theniversity of Liverpool, United Kingdom 3239.3 THE VIBRATION AN D INSTABILITY OF TUBE-STIFFENED AXISY MMETR IC SH ELLS UNDEREXTE RNA L HYD ROS TAT IC PRESSURE, C.T.F. Ross and J. Etheridge, Department of Mechanicalnd M anufacturing Engineering, The University o f Portsmouth, United Kingdom 3359 .4 NUM ERICAL STRATEGIES FOR THE NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF TUBULAR FRAMEDSTRUCTU RES FOR OFFS HORE O IL EXPLOITATION, P.F.N. Rodrigues and B.P. Jacob, COPPE-ederal University o f Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3439 .5 EFFECTS OF STRUCTURE SPATIAL EXTENT ON FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALYSIS OFOFF SHO RE JAC KE T PLAT FORM S, M . Hartnett and P. Mitchell, Department of Civil Engineering,Trinity College, D ublin, Ireland 351

9 .6 VALIDATION OF AN EFFICIENT COMPUTER M ODEL FOR SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OFOFFSHORE PLATFORMS, M. Hartnett and P. Mitchell, Department of Civil Engineering, Trinityollege, Dublin, Ireland 359

10 SIMULATION OF DYNAMIC PROBLEMS10.1 COMPUTER SIMULATION OF EXPLOSION EFFECTS UNDER CONCRETE RUNWAYS, J .W.Bull and C.H. W oodford, Engineering Design Ce ntre, The University o f Newcastle upon Ty ne, UnitedKingdom 36910.2 APPEAR ANCE O F RESONA NCE VIBRATION O N RAILWA Y BRIDGES, L. Fryba and J . Naprstek,Institute o f Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague,Czech Republic 377

11 DESIGN AND ANAL YSIS OF GEOTECHNICAL STRUCTURES11.1 NUMERICAL MODELLING O F GRANU LAR FOUNDATIONS USING TW O DIFFERENTSTRESS CORRECTION ALGORITHMS, P.K. Woodward, Department of Civi l and Offshorengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 38311.2 INTERACTION EFFECTS IN LATERALLY LOADED PILE GROUPS, B.M. Lehane and B.A.cCabe, Department o f Civil Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland 39311.3 EMPLOYMENT OF INFINITE ELEMENTS IN EXCAVATION AND TUNNELING PROBLEMS,T.T. Abdel-Fattah , H.A. Hodhod and A.Y. Akl +, Housing and Building Research Centre, Cairo,Egypt, +Cairo University, Giza, Egypt 40111.4 INTERACTION OF STABILIZED AGGREGATE BASEISUBBASE WITH SUBGRADES, K.Pande y , M. Zama n+ and J.G. Laguros+, Reed Engineering, Dallas, Texas, United States o f America,+University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America 409

1 1.5 CIRCULA R PLATES ON ELASTIC FOUNDATIONS MODEL LED WlTH ANNU LAR PLATES, M.Utku, C. Citipitioglu and I Inceleme, Depa rtment of Civil Engineering, Mid dle East TechnicalUniversity, Anka ra, Turkey 41 9

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11.6 NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR THE EFFECT OF SOIL DEFECTS ON THESUPER STRU CTUR E O F MULTI-STOREY FRAME BUILDINGS, K.M. El Zahaby and T.T. Abdel-Fattah, Housing and Building Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt 429

12 COMPUTATIONAL SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENTS12.1 A MODIFIED LAR GE CAPACITY FR ONTAL SOLVER FOR S TRUC TURA L ANALYSIS, T.T.Abdel-Fattah+, M .T. Abdel-Fattah* and H.A. ]brahim , +Housing and Building Research Centre, Cairo,Egypt, *University of Western Ontario , Ontario , Cana da, The Petroleum Consultation Company,airo, Egypt 437

13 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT13.1 SYNTHESIS BASED SOFTW ARE ENGINEERING DESIGN FOR AUTOMATIVE IND USTRY, M.Isreb* and A.I. Khan+, *Gippsland School of Engineering, Monash University, Churchill, Victoria,

Australia, +Computer Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia 44314 CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT CONTR OL AND MANAGEMENT14.1 AN ALGORITHM FOR DETERM WIN G TH E OPTIM AL DURATION O F LARGE PROJECTS, A.P.Chassiakos, C.I. Samaras and D.D. Theodorakopoulos, Department of Civil Engineering, University ofPatras. Greec e 4914.2 APPLICATION OF EXTRA NET IN CONSTRU CTION PROJECT MANA GEMENT, A. P.Chassiakos+ and N. Bogonikolos*, +Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, Greece,

*Zeus Consulting SA, Patras, Greece 455

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This volume contai ns a selection of papers presented at The First International Conference on EngineeringComputational Technology and The Fourth International Conjkrence on Com putational Structures T echno logy held inEdinburgh from 18-21 August 1 998. Th e papers in this volum e include the following topics: Visualisation andAesthetics; Design Loading; Design and Analysis of Steel Structures; Design and Analysis of Connections; Design andAnalysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures; Analysis of Design of Civil Engineering Structures; Soil-StructureInteraction Problems; Earthquake Engineering; Analysis of Offshore Structures; Simulation of Dynamic Problems;Design and Analysis of Geotechnical Structures; Computational Software Developments; Product Development; andCivil Engineering Project Control and Management. Othe r papers from the confer ences are published in:

Advances in Engineering Computational TechnologyCivil-Comp Press 1998 ISBN 0-948749-55-5Advances in Finite Element Procedures and TechniquesCivil-Comp Press 1998 ISBN 0-948749-56-3Advances in Computational Structural MechanicsCivil-Comp Press 1998 ISBN 0-948749-57- 1

I should like to thank all the authors for their contribution and in particular those who personally presented their papersin Edinburgh. I should also like to thank the members of the Conference Editorial Boards who helped in many waysbefore and during the conferences.The members of the Editorial Board for the First International Conference on Engineering Computational Technologywere: Dr. C.G. Armstrong UK; Professor Z.P. Bazant USA; Professor F. Brezzi Italy; Professor G.F. Carey USA;Professor R. Codenotti France; Professor M. Cross UK; Professor M.J. Dayde France; Professor J. Donea Belgium;Professor D.G. Dritschel USA ; Professor I.S. Duff UK ; Dr. A.W.G . Duller UK ; Professor C.L. Dym USA; ProfessorD.E. Gold berg USA; Professor S. Hernandez Spain; Dr. S. R. Idelsohn Argentina; Professor K. Ishii Japan; Dr. P.K.Jimack UK; Dr. M. Kara UK ; Professor M. Kawahara Japan ; Professor Y.S. Kim USA; Dr. D. Kiritsis Switzerland;Dr. B. Kumar UK; Professor L. Lamm er Germany; Professor Roland W. Lewis UK; Dr. N.A.J. Lieven UK; ProfessorW.K. Liu USA; Dr. G. Lonsdale Germany; Dr. J.C. M iles UK; Professor B. Monien Germany; Professor K. MorganUK; Professor C.M. Mot a Soares Portugal; Professor A.K. Noor USA; Professor R. Ohay on France; K. OrsbornSweden; Dr I.C. Parmee UK ; Professor A. Portela Portugal; Dr. R. Pozo USA ; Dr R. Pusch Swe den; Professor E.Ramm Germany; Professor J.R. Rice USA ; Dr. H. Schaeffer U.S.A; Dr. H.D. Simon USA; Dr. J. Sobieski USA; DrC. Walshaw UK ; Professor N.P. Weatherhill UK ; and Dr. P. Woodward UK.Th e members of the Editorial Board for the Fourth International Conference on Com putational Structu res Technologywere: Professor H. Adeli IJSA; Professor N. Akkas Turkey; Professor E. Alarcon Spain ; Professor E. AnderheggenSwitzerland; Professor C.C . Baniotopoulos Gree ce; Professor H.J.C. Barbosa Brazil; Professor K.J. Bathe USA;Professor J.-L. Batoz France; Professor T. Belytschko USA ; Professor M.P. Bendsoe Denmark; Professor P.G.Bergan Norway; Professor M. Bernardou France; Professor D.E. Beskos Gree ce; Professor N. Bicanic UK ; ProfessorK.-U. Bletzinger Germ any; Professor R. de Borst Th e Netherlands; Professor R.1. Borja USA ; Professor M.A.Bradford Australia; Professor D. Briassoulis Gree ce; Professor M.L. Bucalem Brazil; Dr. J.W. Bull UK; Dr. A.H.C.Chan UK; Professor H.C. Chan Hong Kong; Professor W.F. Che n USA ; Professor J.L. Chen ot France; Professor C.K.Choi Korea; Professor C. Cinquini Italy; Professor G. De Roeck Belgium; Professor L. Demko wicz USA ; ProfessorC.S. Desai USA; Professor P. Devloo Belgium; Professor M.S. Doblare Spain ; Professor I Doltsinis Germany; Dr.L. Dunai Hungary; Dr. E.N. Dvorkin Argentina; Professor A. Eriksson Swe den; Professor H.A. Eschenauer Germany;Professor M. Farshad Switzerland; Professor M.B. Fuchs Israel; Dr. R. Gajewski Poland; Professor G. Gambola tiItaly; Dr. G.L. Giles USA ; Professor U.A. Girhammer Swe den; Professor D. Grier son Cana da; Professor P. HajelaUSA; Professor D. Harh nann Germ any; Professor G.R . Heppler Cana da; Professor E. Hinton UK; Professor W.M.Jenkins UK; Professor N. Kamiya Japan; Professor D.L. Karabalis Gree ce; Professor B.L. Karihaloo UK; ProfessorA. Kaveh Iran; Professor U. Kirsch Israel; Professor M. Kleiber Poland; Professor V. K. Koumousis Greece;Professor B. Kroplin Germ any; Professor P. Ladeveze France; Professor K.L. Lawrence U.S.A; Dr. S.H. Lee U SA;Professor P. Leger Cana da; Professor A.Y.T. Leung UK; Professor R. Levy Israel; Dr. S.H. Lo Hong Kong; J.Mackerle Swe den; Professor G. Maier Italy; Professor J. Mandel USA ; Professor H.A. Mang Austria; Professor G.D.Manolis Gree ce; Professor H. Matthies Germany; Dr. J.J. McKeown UK; Professor J. Meek Australia; Professor U.Meissner Germany; Professor R.E. Melchers UK; Professor C.A. Mota Soare s Portugal; Professor Z. Mroz Poland;Professor A. Needham USA; Professor D.T. Nguyen USA; Professor E. Onate Spain ; Professor D.R.J. OwenSwansea; Professor P.D. Panagiotopoulos Gree ce; Professor M. Papadrakakis Greec e; Professor P.Y. PapalambrosUSA; Professor D. Parsons USA; Professor M.N. Pavlovic UK ; Dr. D. Peric UK ; Professor F.G. RammerstorferAustria; Professor E. Riks Th e Netherlands; Dr. D. Robinson UK; Professor A. Samartin Spain; Professor B.A.Schrefler Italy; Professor K. Schweizerhof Germ any; Professor S. Sloan Australia; Professor H. Sugimoto Japan;

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Professor K.S. Surana USA; Profes sor B.A. S zabo USA; Dr. I. Tak ewaki Japan; Professor J.A. Texe ira de FreitasPortugal; Professor G. Thierauf Ge nna ny; Dr. G.J.Turvey UK; Professor F. Venancio Filho Brazil; Professor Z.Waszczysyn Poland; Professor N.E. Wiberg Swed en; Dr. A.F.L. W ong UK; Professor W. Wunderlich Germany; andProfessor Y.-B. Yang Taiwan.My thanks are also due to all at Civil-Com p Press for their help and perseverance in the realisation o f these conferencesparticularly Rosemary B rodie and Maisie S ales. The assistance of mem bers of the Structural Engineering ComputationalTechnology Research Group at Heriot-Wa tt University Edinburgh is grate filly acknowledged particularly from PCterIvhnyi and Jelle M uylle.

Bany H.V. ToppingDepartment of Mechanical and Chem ical EngineeringHeriot-Watt University EdinburghAugust 998