1

1-1

1-2

1-3

2

(cell

membrane)(cytoplasm)(organelles) 1-1

1-1

1-1

(Cell Membrane)

1972 (S. J. Singer) (G. L.

Nicholson) (fluid-mosaic model)

1.

2. 1-2

3.

1

3

(phospholipids)

55% 25%

(glycoproteins) (glycolipids)

1-2

1-2

1.

2.

(selective permeability)

3. (signal transduction)

4. (cell

junction)

4

(Cytoplasm) (intracellular

fluid)

75~90%

(cytoskeleton)

(Organelles)

(Nucleus)

DNA

(nuclear membrane)(nucleole)

(nucleoplasm)(chromatin) 4 1-3

1. (nuclear

pore)

1-3

1

5

2. DNARNA RNA (ribosomal

RNA, rRNA) RNA

3.

4. (histones) DNA

(chromosome) 1-4

1-4

6

(Ribosome)

(rRNA)

1-5

1. (attached ribosome)

2. (free ribosome)

(Endoplasmic Reticulum, ER)

1-6

1-6

1-5

1

7

1. (granular or rough ER, rER)

2. (agranular or smooth ER, sER)

(Golgi Apparatus)

3~8

1-7

1. (glycosylation)

1-7

8

2.

1-7

(Lysosomes)

1-8

(autolysis)

(osteoclast)

(osteoblast) A

1-8

1

9

(Mitochondria)

ATP

DNA (mitochondrial DNA)

1-9 DNA

1-9

(Microtubules and Microfilaments)

(microfilament)(intermediate filament)(microtubule)

(cytoskeleton) 1-10

1. 3~12 nm (actin)

(myosine)

2. 18~30 nm(tubulin)

10

3. 7~11 nm(thick filaments)

1-10

(Peroxisomes)

(catalase)

2 2 2 2H O H O 1/ 2 O

(Centorosome and Centrioles)

9

1-11

1

11

1-11

(Cilia and Flagella)

9 2

1-12

1-12

12

1-2 (Cell Division)

(cell cycle)

(interphase)(mitosis) 1-13

G1gap phase1 1S (synthesis phase, S phase)G2gap phase 2

2 S G1S DNA

S G2

1-13 M

(mitosis)(meiosis)

1

13

(Mitosis)

1-14 1-1

1-14

14

1-1

(Prophase) 1.

2.

(Metaphase)

(Anaphase) 2~10

(Telophase) 1.

2.

3. (cytokinesis)

(Meiosis) (gamete)

(spermatogonium)

(oogenesis)

I (meiosis I)

II (meiosis II)

I

I I I I I 1-15

1. I

(synapsis)(tetrad)

(crossing-over)

1-16

2. I

1

15

1-15

16

3. I

4. I

1-16

II

II II II II II

1-17 1-2

1-17

1

17

1-2

(Mitosis) (Meiosis)

(Apoptosis)

(programmed cell death)

(apoptotic body)

1-3

(passive

transport)(active transport) 1-3

1-3

ATP ATP

1. (Na+-K+ pump)

2.

18

(Passive Transport) ATP

(simple diffusion)

(facilitated diffusion)(osmosis)(filtration)

1-18

1-18

(Osmosis)

1

19

1-19

1.

2. 1-19

(isotonic) 0.9% NaCl

0.9% NaCl

(hypertonic) 0.9% NaCl

(hypotonic)

(Filtration)

10 10-11

(Active transport)

(primary active transport)(secondary active transport)

(Na+-K+ pump) ATPase ATP

3 Na+ 2 K+

K+ Na+

20

ATP

Na+ 12 12-12

1. (phagocytosis)

2. (pinocytosis)

3. (receptor-mediated endocytosis)

(low density lipoprotein, LDL)

LDL LDL

4. (exocytosis)