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cementum (s men tum),
n a specialized, calcified connective tissue that covers the
anatomic root of a tooth,
giving attachment to the periodontal ligament.
Cementum.
cementum, abnormalities of,n.plincludes the reversal lines in
the cementum, which represent bone tissue resorption
or cementum resorption. Cementicles are calcified epithelial
cells found in older
persons. Hypercementosis is cementum overgrowth on the roots.
See alsoreversal lines,
cementicle, andhypercementosis.
cementum, acellular,
n the cementum that contains no cementocytes.
cementum, cellular,
n the portion of the calcified substance covering the root
surfaces of the teeth. It is
bonelike and contains cementocytes embedded within lacunae, with
protoplasmic
processes of the cementocytes coursing through canaliculi that
anastomose with
canaliculi of adjacent lacunae. The lacunae are dispersed
through a calcified matrixarranged in lamellar form. It is
localized primarily at the apical portion of the root but
may deposit over the acellular cementum or serve to repair areas
of cemental resorption.
cementum, collagen fibrils of,
n the fibrils that penetrate the cementum surface and are
continuous with the periodontal
fibers necessary for tooth support.
cementum, lamellar,
n the cementum in which layers of appositional cementum are
arranged in a sheaflike
pattern, the layers of cementum being more or less parallel to
the cemental surface and
demarcated by incremental lines that represent periods of
inactivity of cementum
formation.
cementum, necrotic,
n nonvital cementum that is situated coronal to the bottom of
the periodontal pocket.
cementum, properties of,
n.plthe calcified, avascular connective tissue that is derived
from the dental sac and
functions in protecting the roots of teeth.
cementum, secondary,
n the term used to describe all subsequent layers of cementum
formed after the primary
layer. It may be cellular or acellular.
Mosby's Dental Dictionary, 2nd edition. 2008 Elsevier, Inc. All
rights reserved.
cementum
the bonelike connective tissue covering the root of a tooth and
assisting in tooth support.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/reversal+lineshttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/reversal+lineshttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/reversal+lineshttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cementiclehttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypercementosishttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypercementosishttp://eml2%28%27mosby%27%2C%27500051-fx11.jpg%27%29/http://eml2%28%27mosby%27%2C%27500051-fx11.jpg%27%29/http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/reversal+lineshttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cementiclehttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypercementosis
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Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, 3 ed. 2007
Elsevier, Inc. All
rights reserved
The cementum is the surface layer of the tooth root (B). Rather
than being a passive
entity like paint on a wall, cementum is a dynamic entity within
theperiodontium. It is
attached to the alveolar bone(C) by the fibers of theperiodontal
ligamentand to the soft
tissue of the gingiva by the gingival fibers(H).
Cementum [1] is a specialized calcified substance covering the
root of a tooth.
Cementum is excreted by cells called cementoblasts within the
root of the tooth and is
thickest at the root apex. Its coloration is yellowish and it is
softer than enamel and
dentin due to being less mineralized.
The principal role of cementen within the tooth is to serve as a
medium by which the
periodontal ligaments can attach to the tooth for stability.
Hence, its bottom surface is
tangent to the periodontal ligaments running through the jaw
(via collagen fibers), and
the upper portion of the surface is firmly cemented to the
dentin of the tooth. It also
meets the enamel lower on the tooth at the cemento-enamel
junction. Here the
cementum is known as acellular cementum due to its lack of
cellular components, and
covers approximately 1/3-1/2 of the root. The more permeable
form of cementen,
cellular cementum, covers 1/3-1/2 of the root apex, where it
binds to the dentin. There is
also a third type of cementum, afibrillar cementum, which
sometimes extends onto the
enamel of the tooth.
The chemical makeup of cementum is similar to that of bone, but
it lacks
vascularization. Volumetrically, it is approximately 45%
inorganic material (mainly
hydroxyapatite), 33% organic material (mainly collagentype1])
and 22% water.
The maxilla (plural: maxillae) is a fusion of two bones along
the palatal
fissure that form the upperjaw. This is similar to the mandible,
which is also
a fusion of two halves at the mental symphysis.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingivahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingival_fibershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementum#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teethhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementoblastshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyapatitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandiblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_symphysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:The_Periodontium.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:The_Periodontium.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingivahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingival_fibershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementum#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teethhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementoblastshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyapatitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandiblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_symphysis
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The jaw is either of the two opposable structures forming, or
near theentrance to, the mouth.
The term jaws is also broadly applied to the whole of the
structuresconstituting the vault of the mouth and serving to open
and close it and is
part of the body plan of most animals.
Function
The alveolar process of the maxilla holds the upper teeth, and
is referred toas the maxillary arch. The maxilla attaches laterally
to the zygomatic bones(cheek bones).
The maxilla assists in forming the boundaries of three
cavities:
the roof of the mouth
the floor and lateral wall of the nasal antrum the floor of the
orbit
The maxilla also enters into the formation of two fossae:
theinfratemporaland pterygopalatine, and two fissures, the inferior
orbital andpterygomaxillary.
[edit] Components
Each half of the fused maxilla consists of:
The body of the maxilla
Four processes
The zygomatic process
The frontal process
The alveolar process
The palatine process
Infraorbital foramen
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_planhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygomatic_bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_antrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit_(anatomy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infratemporalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infratemporalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterygopalatine_fossahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fissureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_orbitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterygomaxillaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxilla&action=edit§ion=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_of_the_maxillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygomatic_process_of_maxillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraorbital_foramenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Human_jawbone_left.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_planhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygomatic_bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_antrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit_(anatomy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infratemporalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterygopalatine_fossahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fissureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_orbitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterygomaxillaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxilla&action=edit§ion=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_of_the_maxillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygomatic_process_of_maxillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraorbital_foramen
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[edit] Articulations
The maxilla articulates with nine bones:
two of the cranium: the frontal and ethmoid seven of the face:
the nasal, zygomatic, lacrimal, inferior nasal
concha, palatine, vomer, and the adjacent fused maxillary
bone.
Sometimes it articulates with the orbital surface, and sometimes
with thelateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxilla&action=edit§ion=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethmoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygomatichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacrimalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_nasal_conchahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_nasal_conchahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine_bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_pterygoid_platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphenoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxilla&action=edit§ion=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethmoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygomatichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacrimalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_nasal_conchahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_nasal_conchahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine_bonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_pterygoid_platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphenoid
