Graphs

CET essay CET essay

Type 3 ： 图表作文

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Graphs 类类俱到、选取典型数据 简单明确、说明一个问题 套用模板、牢记表达方式

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Types

1999

2000

xxxxxxxxx

0

50

100

第一季度 第四季度

东部西部北部58%

30%

12%

table

line graph

pie graph

bar graph

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Graphs

1. Templates & Samples

2. Expressions & Class work

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Graphs 5

Sample 1

YearYear

Num

ber o

f Peo

ple

Num

ber o

f Peo

ple

250

150

50

People Below Poverty Line

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Sample 1

People Below Poverty Line

Outline:1. 下图所示为中国三年中贫困线以下人口的 变化，请描述其变化2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因3. 解决目前中国贫困人口问题还有什么困难

变化原因

结论

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Template 1

The graph describes ( 点题 ) . As can be seen from the graph, ( 概括描述 ). ( 展开一句 ).

Several factors contribute to the change. First of all, ( 第一原因 ). In addition, ( 第二原因 ). Perhaps the main cause is ( 第三原因 ).

From the analysis above, we can safely conclude that ( 得出结论 ) . ( 结尾句 ).

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Sample 1

YearYear

Num

ber o

f Peo

ple

Num

ber o

f Peo

ple

250

150

50

People Below Poverty Line

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Sample 1

Recently, the issue of people below poverty line has aroused much interest. As can be seen from the graph, the number of people below poverty line decreased during the years of 1978 to 1997. In 1978, there are 250 million throughout the country while in 1997 only 50 million people were under the line.

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Sample 1

Several factors contribute to the decrease. First of all, the government’s policy of reform and opening up has accelerated the country’s development and prospered its economy. Second, people’s living condition has improved remarkably. All this results in a drop in the poverty-stricken population.

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Sample 1

From the analysis above, we can safely conclude that this change will bring us much benefit. However, there are still many people living below poverty line due to China’s overpopulation, limited resources and relatively low employment, to mane just a few. Of course, the government is making every effort to solve those problems.

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Sample 2 Changes in the Way of Travel

Mode of traveling

1990 2003

By air 8% 25%By train 58% 35%By car 10% 32%By bike 24% 8%

Total 100% 100%

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Sample 2

Changes in the Way of Travel

Outline:1. 下图所示为某城市 1990 年至 2003 年间人们旅行乘车方式的变化，请描述其变化2. 简述你从中得出的结论

简述变化 + 细节描述结论

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Template 2

The graph describes ( 点题 ) . As can be seen from the graph, ( 概括描述 ). ( 展开一句 ).

As can be seen from the table, there are several remarkable tendencies: ( 对图表进行细节描述 ).

I think two things caused the changes. ( 对原因的分析或自己的结论 ). So, we may predict that ( 得出结论或对未来的展望 ) .

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Sample 2

The table shows the changes in the way people travel. During the years between 1990 and 2003, the number of people traveling by train, by air and by private car has changed a great deal.

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Sample 2 As can be seen from the table, there are two

remarkable tendencies: one is the rate of traveling by air, and the other is that by private cars. The former rose from 8% in 1990 to 25% in 2003, while the latter from 10% to 32%, both increasing more than 3 times. The table also shows that the number of people traveling by train decreased by 23% though it is still many people’s first choice.

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Sample 2

I think two things caused the changes. First, people are better off. They can afford to travel by air or in their own cars. Second, traveling by train is still favored by the majority, since it is cheaper. So, we may predict that as people’s living standard is improving, trains, cars and planes will be three main forms of transportation for long-distance travel.

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increase decrease

(1) (2) (3) (4)rise

dramaticallyincrease steadily

drop sharply

fall gradually

Expressions

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Expressionsincrease

rise

jump

dramatically

rapidly

significantly

suddenly

sharply

slightly

gradually

steadily

decrease

decline

drop

fall

increase

decrease

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S + V + Obj.double

treble

是过去的 2 倍，1 增加了 1 倍

是过去的 3 倍，增加了 2 倍

Expressions

(1) This country has doubled her annual output of steel during the post-war years.(2) The enemy’s force trebles ours.

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S + V + times + that of…

as + adj. (sth.) + as…

Expressions

(1) The gross value of industrial output last year was estimated to be 2.5 times that of 2000.(2) By that time they will produce three times as much grain as they did in 2001.(3) The foreign trade turnover increased 3.5 times compared with that of 2002.

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S + be + times / % +

S + V + (by) + % …

up on…

Over…

比较级 + than…

增加了多少倍 / 百分之几

Expressions

(1)The agricultural output for 2006 is estimated to be 51% up on that of 1996.

(2) The grain output was two times over that of 1993.

(3) In 1980 crude oil production rose (by) 150 per cent compared with that of 1975.

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Fire Causes in London

—— Smokers50%37.5%

12.5%

Children playing with matches

Defective insulation

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Class work 1

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Fire Causes in London

The graph shows the fire causes in London. As can be seen from the graph, careless smokers, defective insulations and children playing with matches are the three major causes of fires in London.

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Fire Causes in London

Among the three major causes, smoking and children playing with matches accounts for 50 % and 37.5% of the fires respectively. Defective insulation is a less serious cause which is responsible for only 12.5% of the fires.

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Fire Causes in London

From this we can conclude that whatever causes the fire, carelessness seems to be the root cause. Therefore, people should be more careful with fire. Children should be warned of the danger of playing with matches and electric workers should be instructed to take good care of insulation.

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140012001000

800600400200

0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000Year

Aver

age

Inco

me

(RM

B)Average Income of the Chinese Farmers

180200

350420

680

1250√

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Class work 2

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Average Income of the Chinese Farmers

The above line graph describes changes in the average income of Chinese farmers between the year of 1975 and 2000. As illustrated by the graph, Chinese farmers’ income has been increasing since 1975. The graph shows that the years between 1995 and 2000 witnessed a dramatic rise by 84%.

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Average Income of the Chinese Farmers

What caused the changes? There are two major factors contributing to this. First, with the policy of reform and opening up, farmers are more activated by the household contract responsibility system, which offers many policies favorable to farmers. Second, the government has increased its subsidies to famous and reduced taxes on farmers.

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Average Income of the Chinese Farmers

Considering the factors just outlined, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that the average income of Chinese farmers will keep on going upward in the future.

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900800700600500400300200100

0 30 40 50 60 70 AGE

Estim

ated

ear

ning

s

(th

ousa

nds o

f do

llars

)

522647750

492406

262

96119

319

484608

854718

497

190

High school4 years of collegeGraduate school

Estimated Earnings

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Class work 3

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Estimated Earnings

The bar graph describes the estimated earning of people with different education at different ages. As can be seen from the graph, the estimated income of a person is closely related to his or her age and the education he or she has received.

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Estimated Earnings

As far as one’s age is concerned, according to the graph, people in their 40s can earn a lot more than those in their 60s or 70s, with people in their 30s and 50s somewhere in between.

When one’s education is taken into account, it seems that the higher degree one gets, the more he or she will earn after graduation.

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Estimated Earnings

All this seems to point to the conclusion that if we want to earn more money, we have to get a higher degree and that we had better work hard when we are young so as to put some money aside for the days when we can hardly earn any.

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Homework

Changes in People’s Diet Mobile phone and college students (revise

& refine) To be collected next time with your first draft

熟记 p165(2) 图表型、 p166(2) 图表型 常用句式

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Graphs 36

Changes in People’s Diet

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990Grain 51% 49% 46% 43% 42%

Milk 10% 11% 11% 12% 13%

Meat 18% 20% 22% 23% 24%

Fruit and vegetables

21% 20% 21% 22% 21%

Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

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