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Human Development:

Adulthood psychosocialdevelopment

Learning Module: Adulthood

Chapter 13, Berger

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Psychosocial stages

Ericksons Stages

Three of his stages cover the years afteradolescence

Crises continue even if resolved

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Generativity vs. stagnation

Integrity vs. despair

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Intimacy vs. isolation Establish intimate relationships in early

adulthood; need to maintain Spouse

< 15% marry before 25

age 40, 85% married

happier, healthier, and richer

Empty nest

Divorce

consequences of divorce on satisfaction

Think of the role of culture

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Intimacy vs. isolation Establish intimate relationships in

early adulthood; need to maintain Social convoy

Most prominent: friends

Relatives can be prominent

Friends become more important with age

Fictive kin

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Intimacy: family

Role of physical proximity

Change in parent-child relationship withage

Change in sibling relationship with age Support

Cope

Role of childhood stress

Can be destructive

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Intimacy

WATCH the video on marriage in middle

adulthood. It provides insight into thedevelopmental changes in intimaterelationships.

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Generativity vs. stagnation seek to be productive in a caring way

creativity, caregiving, and employment establishing and guiding the next

generation

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Caregiving meeting another persons physical orpsychological needs

raising children Biological, foster, adopt

Stepchildren

elderly family members

Siblings relationships can be strained

Sandwich generation

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Caregiving WATCH the video discussing caregiving.

What might be some joys? Challenges?What do you plan for your family?

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Employment

Another avenue for generativity

Unemployment associated with negativesocial outcomes

But not necessarily income (not = happiness)

Develop and use personal skills

Express creative energy

Aid and advise coworkers, as a mentor orfriend

Support education and health of families

Contribute to the community

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Employment Diversity

Flexibility of scheduling

WATCH the video on an adultdiscussing generativity.

Why is this important NOW, as opposed to earlierin life?

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Psychosocial needs Maslows (1954) hierarchy of needs

One set of needs must be met before anotherbecomes relevant to meet

Relevant in childhood and adulthood

Movement occurs when people have satisfiedtheir needs at one level and are ready for thenext step.

Later added self-transcendence

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Ages and Stages

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Personality

The Big Five

Openness

Conscientiousness

Extroversion

Agreeableness Neuroticism

Predict many adult outcomes

Ages 30 to 50--more stability of personality

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Social impacts on adulthood Social clock

A developmental timetable based on socialnorms

retirement benefits

Ecological niche vocations, mates, neighborhoods, routines,

surroundings

Gender differences,

gender convergence

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Social impacts on adulthood Stress

Illness, job loss, hassles Physiological reactions (over time)

Coping

Problem focused Emotion focused

Gender

support

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Checking for understanding At a local school for homeless children, the children have

a lot of play time, rest time (for all ages), and snack time.

In fact, the kids can get snacks whenever they want.Given Maslows hierarchy of needs, explain how this isdevelopmentally appropriate and why it is GOOD thatthey dont focus solely on education. How might this kind

of schooling affect development as an adult, later in life,particularly how the adult processes Eriksons crises?

How might you think coping style is related to

personality? Think of the Big 5 and how this might berelated to adult outcomes in a stressful environment.How can this be related to generativity in lateradulthood?