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CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture 8 Chapter 2 Synthe1c Organic Chemicals Balasubramanian S Assistant Professor (OG) Department of Chemical Engineering 1 Balasubramanian S

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Page 1: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology

Lecture  8      

Chapter  2  Synthe1c  Organic  Chemicals  

Balasubramanian  S    Assistant  Professor  (OG)  Department  of  Chemical  Engineering      

1  Balasubramanian  S  

Page 2: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

Chapter  2  SYNTHETIC  ORGANIC  CHEMICALS    

       Methanol  and  Formaldehyde  

       Ethylene  dichloride  and  vinyl  chloride  

       Isopropanol  and  acetone  

       Benzene  

1

2

Overview of topics

17/02/11   2  

3

Balasubramanian  S  

4

Page 3: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

Chapter  2  SYNTHETIC  ORGANIC  CHEMICALS    

       Methanol  and  Formaldehyde  

       Ethylene  dichloride  

1

2

Overview of topics

3  Balasubramanian  S  

Page 4: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

Methanol

4  Balasubramanian  S  

Methanol  (CH3OH)    

Methanol,   also   known  as  methyl   alcohol,  wood   alcohol,  wood  

naphtha   or   wood   spirits,   is   a   chemical   with   formula   CH3OH  

(oWen  abbreviated  MeOH).    

 

It   is   the   simplest   alcohol,   and   is   a   light,   vola1le,   colorless,  

flammable,   liquid  with  a  dis1nc1ve  odor   that   is   very   similar   to  

but  slightly  sweeter  than  ethanol  (drinking  alcohol).  

 

Page 5: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

Methanol

5  Balasubramanian  S  

Raw  materials  

 

•    Synthesis  gas  (Star1ng  material)  

•    KMNO4  –  removes  the  traces  of  ketones,  aldehydes  and    

             other  impuri1es  

•     Steam  

   

Page 6: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

Methanol

6  Balasubramanian  S  

Methods  of  produc;on  

•  Cataly1c  hydrogena1on  of  carbon  monoxide  (Synthesis  gas)  

•  Oxida1on  of  LPG    (Propane  and  Butane)  Chemical  Reac;ons  (exothermic)  

 Main  reac1on  :    CO  +  2H2      CH3OH;                  ΔH  =  -­‐26.4  kcal    

 Side  reac1on  :    CO  +  3H2    CH4  +  H2O;    ΔH  =  -­‐50.0  kcal      

           2CO  +    2H2    CH4  +  CO2;      ΔH  =  -­‐60.3  kcal  

Page 7: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

Methanol

7  Balasubramanian  S  

Recycle  gas  from  storage    Tank    

Process  

CO+H2  (Synthesis  Gas)  

KMnO4  

Catalysts:  Oxides  of    Zn,  Cr,  and  Mg    

Water  and  Steam      

Methanol  

Heavy  Alcohols  

Ether  

Page 8: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

Methanol

8  Balasubramanian  S  

Catalyst  Used:  Oxides  of    Zn,  Cr,  and  Mg    

Compressor  200  –  350  atm  

300  –  375  deg.  C    

Cooler  

Storage    Tank  

De  pressurized     Methanol  Tower    

CSTR    (Traces  of  Ketones  and  

Aldehydes  are  removed)    

(Dimethyl  ether)  

2.25  mole  ra1o  of  CO  +  H2    

Feed  and  Recycle  gas  mix  point    

Condenser      

Reboiler    

Reboiler    

Condenser    

Page 9: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

Methanol

9  Balasubramanian  S  

Uses  of  Methanol    

 Used  to  manufacture  formaldehyde    

 Used  as  solvent  in  laboratories    

 Used  to  manufacture  silicones  (Methyl  chloride)  

 Used  in  the  fuel  cells    

 Used  as  an  an1-­‐freezing  agent  in  pipelines    

 

Page 10: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

Formaldehyde

10  Balasubramanian  S  

Formaldehyde    (HCHO  or  CH2O)    Formaldehyde  is  a  colorless  gas  with  a  characteris1c  pungent  odor.      It  is  an  important  precursor  to  many  other  chemical  compounds,  especially  for  polymers.    Raw  materials      •  Methanol    •  Air    •  Water        

Page 11: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

Formaldehyde

11  Balasubramanian  S  

Methods  of  produc;on  

•  Cataly1c  oxida1on  and    dehydrogena1on  of  methanol  

•  Oxida1on  of  Methane  or  LPG    (Propane  and  Butane)  

•   Pyrolysis  Chemical  Reac;ons  (Exothermic  oxida;on  and  Endothermic  dehydrogena;on)      

Oxida1on  :  CH3OH  +  ½  O2      HCHO  +  H2O;      ΔH  =  -­‐37.4  kcal  

                                         

Dehydrogena1on  :  CH3OH          HCHO  +  H2;                    ΔH  =  +50.0  kcal      

           

Methanol      +  Oxygen   Formaldehyde    +  Water    

Methanol     Formaldehyde     +  Hydrogen    

Page 12: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

Formaldehyde

12  Balasubramanian  S  

Catalyst:    Oxides  of  Ag  and  Cu  Pressure:  0.2  atm    450  –  600  OC  

Methanol  to  Air  Ra1o:  30  –  50%  

Preheater    

Preheater    

15%  Unconverted  methanol    

Page 13: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

Formaldehyde

13  Balasubramanian  S  

Uses  of  Formaldehyde  

 Used  to  manufacture  phenolic  resins  

 Used  to  manufacture  urea  

 Used  to  manufacture  melamine  resins  

Page 14: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

Chapter  2  SYNTHETIC  ORGANIC  CHEMICALS    

       Methanol  and  Formaldehyde  

       Ethylene  dichloride  

1

2

Overview of topics

14  Balasubramanian  S  

Page 15: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

Chapter  2  SYNTHETIC  ORGANIC  CHEMICALS    

       Methanol  and  Formaldehyde  

       Ethylene  dichloride  

1

2

Overview of topics

15  Balasubramanian  S  

Page 16: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

Ethylene dichloride

16  Balasubramanian  S  

Ethylene  dichloride  (C2H4Cl2),  is  a  chlorinated  hydrocarbon,  

mainly  used  to  produce  vinyl  chloride  monomer  (VCM,  

chloroethene),  the  major  precursor  for  PVC  produc1on.    

 

It  is  a  colorless  liquid  with  a  chloroform-­‐like  odor.  

 

Page 17: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

Ethylene dichloride

17  Balasubramanian  S  

     Raw  materials    

•   Ethylene  •   Chlorine  

•   Ethylene  di  bromide  catalyst    

•   Caus1c  (NaOH)  

Page 18: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

Ethylene dichloride

18  Balasubramanian  S  

Methods  of  produc;on  

•  Reac1on  of  chlorine  with  ethylene  in  liquid  or  vapor  phase  

•  By-­‐product  of  chlorinated  hydrocarbons      

Chemical  Reac;ons    

Chlorina1on  :    CH2=  CH2  +  Cl2      ClCH2  .  CH2Cl    

  Ethylene     Ethylene  dichloride  Chlorine    

Page 19: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

Ethylene dichloride

19  Balasubramanian  S  

Page 20: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

Ethylene dichloride

20  Balasubramanian  S  

Uses  of  Ethylene  dichloride          Used  in  the  produc1on  of  vinyl  chloride  monomer  (VCM,    chloroethene)  with  hydrogen  chloride  as  a  byproduct.  

   VCM    is  the  precursor  to  polyvinyl  chloride.  

   Used  as  solvent.    

   

Page 21: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

21  Balasubramanian  S  

1.   Dryden  C.  E,  Outlines  of  Chemical  technology  –  for  the    21st  Century,  3rd  edi1on,  East-­‐West  Press  (2004)  

2.   Aus1n  G.  T,  Shreve’s  Chemical  Process  Industries,  5th  edi1on,  Mc  Graw  Hill  Interna1onal  edi1ons  (1984)  

3.  Finar  IL,  Organic  Chemistry  Vol.  1  6th  Edi1on  Pearson                Educa1on  2009  pp.116-­‐117  

 

References

Page 22: CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology - balasubramanianbalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/Lecture 8 .pdf · CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology Lecture’8 ... Reboiler ’’ Condenser

22  Balasubramanian  S  

Thank  you