Chapter # 10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221)

Chapter #10 Population Growth(pg. 204 221)

Statistical Results Biased Coin-flippingTuesdays LabThursdays Lab20.05, 1,4= 18.06

Reject Null Hypothesis(Statistically Significant)(P < 0.05)20.05, 1,4= 0.86

Accept Null Hypothesis(No Difference)(P > 0.05)20.05, 2,8= 7.28

Reject Null Hypothesis(Statistically Significant)

(P < 0.05)

Chapter #10 Population Growth(pg. 204 221)10.1Population Growth Reflects the Difference Between Birth and Death.

10.2Life Tables Provide a Schedule of Age-Specific Mortality and Survival.

10.3Different Life Tables Reflect Different Approaches to Defining Cohorts and Age Structure.

10.4Life Tables Provide Data for Mortality and Survivorship Curves.

Chapter #10 Population Growth(pg. 204 221)10.2Life Tables Provide a Schedule of Age-Specific Mortality and Survival.

Life Tables provide an age-specific account of mortality. The construction of a life table begins with a cohort - a group of individuals born in the same period of time.

Chapter #10 Population Growth(pg. 204 221)10.2Life Tables Provide a Schedule of Age-Specific Mortality and Survival. x nx .0530159 80 48 21 5

Chapter #10 Population Growth(pg. 204 221)10.2Life Tables Provide a Schedule of Age-Specific Mortality and Survival. x nx .0-15301-21592-3 803-4 484-5 215-6 5Gray Squirrels(Sciurus carolinensis)

Chapter #10 Population Growth(pg. 204 221)10.2Life Tables Provide a Schedule of Age-Specific Mortality and Survival. x nx lx .0-15301.001-21590.302-3 800.153-4 480.094-5 210.045-6 50.01lx = the probability at birth of surviving to any given age.

Chapter #10 Population Growth(pg. 204 221)10.2Life Tables Provide a Schedule of Age-Specific Mortality and Survival. x nx dx .0-15303711-2159 792-3 80 323-4 48 274-5 21 165-6 5 5dx = an estimate of age-specific mortality. This is the number of individuals that died during any given time interval.

Chapter #10 Population Growth(pg. 204 221)10.2Life Tables Provide a Schedule of Age-Specific Mortality and Survival. x nx dx qx .0-15303710.701-2159 790.502-3 80 320.403-4 48 270.554-5 21 160.755-6 5 51.00qx = an estimate of age-specific mortality.

Chapter #10 Population Growth(pg. 204 221)10.2Life Tables Provide a Schedule of Age-Specific Mortality and Survival.

Chapter #10 Population Growth(pg. 204 221)Locations

Falls City CemeteryFircrest (Monmouth CemeteryCrystal Lake Cemetery (Corvallis)FemalesBorn Before 1900Born After 1900

MalesBorn Before 1900Born After 1900

Age Classf (x)d (x)l (x)q (x)Age Classf (x)d (x)l (x)q (x)1121Y100012222161331316143242615195241623620171872918882619092120010102101119 220TotalXZW0.0


10.3Different Life Tables Reflect Different Approaches to Defining Cohorts and Age Structure.

Dynamic Life Table Following the fate (cohort) of a group of individuals born at a given time (year).

Time-specific Life Table One sample periodassumes: constant birth and death rateseach cohort sample according to actual population proportions.

Chapter #10 Population Growth(pg. 204 221)10.4Life Tables Provide Data for Mortality and Survivorship Curves.

Gray Squirrel(Sciurus carolinensis)Years and MonthsStonecrop(Sedum smallii)

Chapter #10 Population Growth(pg. 204 221)10.4Life Tables Provide Data for Mortality and Survivorship Curves.

Chapter #10 Population Growth(pg. 204 221)10.4Life Tables Provide Data for Mortality and Survivorship Curves.Type I when individuals live out their physiological life span followed by heavy mortality at the end (convex).

ex. - large mammals and humans

Chapter #10 Population Growth(pg. 204 221)10.4Life Tables Provide Data for Mortality and Survivorship Curves.Type II when survivorship rates do not vary with age (straight line).

ex. adult birds (some waterfowl and migratory songbirds, small mammals and reptiles.

Chapter #10 Population Growth(pg. 204 221)10.4Life Tables Provide Data for Mortality and Survivorship Curves.Type I when mortality rates are extremely high early in life (concave).

ex. fish, invertebrates, plants (annual and perennial).


10.6Birthrate and Survivorship Determine Net Reproductive Rate (R0).

Fecundity the potential reproductive capacity of an organism or population.

Net Reproductive Rate (R0) the average number of females that will be left (progeny) during a lifetime by a newborn female.If (R0) is < 1.0, the population is decreasing.If (R0) is = 1.0, the replacement.If (R0) is > 1.0, the population is increasing.


10.7Age-Specific Mortality and Birthrates Can Be Used to Project Population Change.


10.7Age-Specific Mortality and Birthrates Can Be Used to Project Population Change.

From such a projection table (life table) you can calculate the age distribution (stable or stationary) for each age class or cohort in the population and to project population growth ( - lambda).


10.8Stochastic Processes Can Influence Population Dynamics.

Stochasticity variation in a population from random effects within a season or time period (t).

Demographic Stochasticity variation in population growth/declining rates from random effects among individuals in survival and reproduction within a season or time period (t).

Environmental Stochasticity variation in population growth/declining rates from random effects arising from environmental factors or the occurrence of natural disasters such as fire, flood, and drought within a season or time period (t).


10.9A Variety of Fators Can Lead to Population Extinction.

Resource ShortageRestoration/Reintroduction Potential new competitors,predators, etc. (Human-assisted)


10.10Small Populations are Susceptible to Extinction.

Stochastic Effects.Wide Dispersal/Small Populations may have trouble locating mates. Allee Effect a decline in reproduction or survival at low densities.Genetic Drift random change in gene frequency.Inbreeding.

Figure 10.7aFigure 10.7aFigure 10.7aFigure 10.7bFigure 10.8

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Chapter # 10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221)