-
CHAPTER 2 Background
*Sustainable Construction
-
Three major forces ( ) - - - , , , ex.. , ELV( ), *
High-performance green building delivery system
-
, 100 .*
-
Basic Concepts and Vocabulary ( ) - (sustainable development) -
(industrial ecology) - (construction ecology) - (biomimicry ) -
(design for the environment) - (ecological economics) - (carrying
capacity) - (ecological footprint) - (ecological rucksack) - (the
Biophilia Hypothesis) - (eco-efficiency) - the Natural Step -
(life-cycle assessment) - (embodied energy) - (life-cycle costing)
- (the Precautionary Principle) - Factor 4( ), Factor 10 *
-
(sustainable development) - - Bruntland Report(1987) , ,
Our Common Future ( )
*
-
(industrial ecology)
- , , ( )
*
-
(construction ecology) built environmet - , , , bulk , ,
(biomimicry) - *
-
(design for the environment) -
*
-
() Ecological Economics
- - - , , , , *
-
(carrying capacity) - - , , , - -
*
-
(ecological footprint) - - - *
-
(ecological rucksack and MIPS)- Wuppertal Institute Friedrich
Schmidt-Bleek - *
-
(the Biophilia Hypothesis) E.O Wilsom (template) 9 (1) : (2) :
(3) : , (4) : (5) : (6) : (7) : (8) : (9) : , ,
*
-
(eco-efficiency) 1992 WBCSD( ) * WBCSD 7
-
- 4 1) (Dematerialization): 2) (Closing production loops): 3)
(Service extension): 4) (Functional extension): -
(Optimized processes): (end-of- pipe) (Waste recycling):
(Eco-innovation): " " (smarter) (New services): , (Networks and
virtual organizations):
*
-
The Natural Step - ( )
Four Systems Conditions 1) . 2) . 3) . 4)
*
-
(Life-Cycle Assessment) - ,
- ( )
()
*
-
(Life-Cycle Costing) - / . - .
(LCA) + (LCC) *
-
(Embodied Energy)
- - - -
*
-
10%
20%
*
-
(The Precautionary Principle)
. 4
1) 2) , 3) , , , 4) , , .
*
-
1/4
- 100%
- 10%
* Factor 4 , Factor 10( )
-
(, ) - *
-
- ,, - IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 1998 UN
WMO - 20 0.60.2 - 2100 0.09~0.88M
* - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. .
2) 3) 4)
-
1985 .- 1999 .-1987 UN - 2050 .*
-
* . . 2.5 , .
-
, ,
- - 2 . 1 1000 1/3 .
- , , , . 18501990 134 , . . *
-
* 2.5 . . (: M.R. Moretti.)
-
- , 20 . 50 (20 )
- - - 1996 179 2 5 . 40% 100 11 .
*
-
* 2.6 .
-
- , , 15 10 .
*
-
* (), , , , () . , , . (: M.R. Moretti.)
-
- , , , 1990 . 1999 25% .
*
-
LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY ( )
- 500 1 170 () . - , 20 20% . - 50 . - , , , . - .
*
-
TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS ( ) - , - 1940 1 100
1987 1 125 . - U.S. Public Interest Research Group (PIRG) Education
Fund 2000 . ;1 ( ), 13800 , 5 , 17 , 7000, ; (275,000), (130 ),
(30,000), (136,000)
*
-
Thy Green Building Movement( ) - Built environment . - (GDP)8%
40% , - 90% , . - 4500 92% .
*2.8) 145 , 1 0.5 . . 2004 70 . (: M.R. Moretti.)
-
*- 40% , , , , , , . - CHAPTER ONE , green building () .
-
GREEN BUILDING ORGANIZATIONS- UNITED STATES ( ()-) - U.S. Green
Building Council ( USGBC ; ), the U.S. Energy (), the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency( ), Department of the National
Association of Home Builders(), the Department of Defense(), . -
Interface, Inc,.( ) Ray Anderson Anderson . - USGBC LEED 1999 2003
457 . - 800 Environmental Building News .*
-
*
-
GREEN BUILDING ORGANIZATIONS-INTERNATIONAL ( -) - Conseil
International du Batiment(CIB); , International Union for
Construction Materials, Systems, and Structures; ( , , ;RILEM) 1990
. - International Built Environment (iisBE) . 2 Green Building
Challenge ( ) , 2002 Sustainable Building Conference Green Building
Tool (GBT) .- 2002 5 . 1., 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. /
*
-
HISTORY OF THE U.S. GREEN BUILDING MOVEMENT( )- 1970 Earth Day(
) . - 1970 Oil-shocks() , solar technologies(), retrofitting homes,
, Energy Recovery System, . UIA ( ) AIA () Architecture at the
Crossroads .(1993 6 ) - UIA/AIA World Congress of Architects the
Declaration of Interdependence for a Sustainable Future ( ) .
*
-
* 2.9) (UIA) (AIA) 1993 .
-
* Audubon House 1992 . , Croxton Collaborative Randy Croxton
.2.10) Audubon House Audubon Society Croxton Collaborative . .
-
* (B) (, ) (Croston Colaborative )
-
*- Greening of the White House ( ) 1993 , 600,000 . 1 30 , 845
.2.11) .(View by View )
-
1990 . - 1992 Environmental Building News, 1994
(AIA)Environmental Resources Guide 1996 ,1994 Guiding Principles
for Sustainable Design, ( ) 1996 Public Technology Sustainable
Building Technical Manual ( ) .- USGBC 1993 1994 3 ,
*
-
- Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) .- USGBC
LEED 4 - LEED 1.0 1998 test version () . .- LEED 2.0 2000 69
credits()- LEED 2.1- LEED NC 2.1 (New Construction )- LEED-EB ( )-
LEED-CI ( )- LEED-H ( )- LEED-CS( ;Pentagon renovation
project)*
-
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ( )- , .- high performance green
building ( ) .- USGBC LEED () (,) .- .- , .
*
-
(double skin) *
-
1. (Eco Building)2. (Sustainable Intensive
Building)3.IT(Information Technology) (Ubiquitous) , , . 4. , .5.
,,(Solar Cell) .
*(Key Words)
-
, . 90% 35% . . (1997.12) 2004.10.- 12
*
-
I.T. . . ,, . ,, . * ()
-
Ken Yeang *
-
Ken Yeang *
-
Ken Yeang *
-
Ken Yeang *
-
*: Grunes Bauen, Rudiger Lutz
-
*
-
1 Sky park *
-
Daniel Libeskind
Tower Plan
-
1 Sky park *
-
2 Sky park*
-
World Cultural Center
THINK Design
-
2 Sky park *
***
