Char Func Handout

8/14/2019 Char Func Handout

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Some Functions We Will Discuss

LENGTH

SUBSTR

COMPBL

COMPRESS

VERIFY

INPUT

PUT

TRANWRD SCAN

TRIM

UPCASE

LOWCASE

INDEX

INDEXC

INDEXW

SPEDIS

LENGTH


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Some SAS 9 Functions

ANYDIGIT

ANYALPHA

NOTDIGIT

NOTALPHA

CATX and CATS

COMPARE

LENGTHC LENGTHN

STRIPCOUNTCOUNTC

PROPCASEFINDFINDC


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Character Storage Lengths

data chars1; length string $ 7;

string = 'abc';

length = length(string);storage_length = lengthc(string);display = ":" || string || ":";put storage_length= /

length= /display=;

run;


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SAS Log

11 data chars1;12 length string $ 7;13 string = 'abc';14 storage_length = lengthc(string);15 length = length(string);

16 display = ":" || string || ":";17 put storage_length= /18 length= /19 display=;20 run;

storage_length=7length=3display=:abc :


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Moving the LENGTH Statement

data chars2;

string = 'abc';

length string $ 7;

storage_length = lengthc(string);

length = length(string);

display = ":" || string || ":";

put storage_length= /

length= /

display=;

run;


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SAS Log1 data chars2;

2 string = 'abc';3 length string $ 7;WARNING: Length of character variable string has already been set.

Use the LENGTH statement as the very first statement in the DATASTEP to declare the length of a character variable.

4 storage_length = lengthc(string);

5 length = length(string);6 display = ":" || string || ":";7 put storage_length= /8 length= /9 display=;10 run;

storage_length=3length=3display=:abc:


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The PUT Function

data special;***PUT is a special function often usedfor numeric to character conversion;input sas_date number ss;c_date = put(sas_date,date9.);

money = put(number,dollar8.);ss_char = put(ss,ssn.);

datalines;0 1234 123456789;

Listing of Data Set SPECIAL

sas_date number ss c_date money ss_char

0 1234 123456789 01JAN1960 $1,234 123-45-6789


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Converting Multiple Blanks to aSin le Blank

data multiple;input #1 @1 Name $20.

#2 @1 Address $30.#3 @1 City $15.

@20 State $2.@25 Zip $5.;

name = compbl(name);address = compbl(address);city = compbl(city);

datalines;Ron Cody89 Lazy Brook Rd.

Flemington NJ 08822Bill Brown28 Cathy StreetNorth City NY 11518

Multiple

Name AddressRon Cody 89 Lazy Brook Rd.

Bill Brown 28 Cathy Street

City State ZipFlemington NJ 08822North City NY 11518


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How to Remove Charactersfrom a Strin

data phone;input phone $15.;phone1 = compress(phone);

phone2 = compress(phone,'(-) ');datalines;(908)235-4490(201) 555-77 99

; Phone

phone phone1 phone2

(908)235-4490 (908)235-4490 9082354490

(201) 555-77 99 (201)555-7799 2015557799


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Another COMPRESS Example

data social;

input ss_char $11.;

ss = input(compress(ss_char,'-'),9.);

easy_ss = input(ss_char,comma11.);

datalines;

123-45-6789

;

ss = 123456789 (numeric)ss_easy = 123456789 (numeric)


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Compress Function (SAS 9 changes)

COMPRESS (char_value )

char_value is a SAS character value

comp_string is a character value containing thecharacters to remove from char_value.

modifiers add additional characters to the list of

characters to remove or modify the way the function

works (see next slide).


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Compress Function Modifiers (SAS9

Selected list of COMPRESS modifiers (upper- orlowercase)

a adds upper- and lowercase letters

d adds numerals (digits)

i ignores case

k keeps listed characters instead of removingthem

s adds space (blank, tabs, lf, cr) to the list

p adds punctuation


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Examples

For these examples, char = "A C123XYZ",


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Using the Compress Modifiers

data phone;input phone $15.;

number = compress(phone,,'kd');

datalines;(908)235-4490

(201) 555-77 99

; Listing of Data Set PHONE

phone number

(908)235-4490 9082354490(201) 555-77 99 2015557799


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The VERIFY Function

data verify;input @1 id $3.

@5 answer $5.;

position = verify(answer,'abcde');datalines;001 acbed002 abxde

003 12cce004 abc e;

Verify

id answer position

001 acbed 0002 abxde 3003 12cce 1004 abc e 4


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Watch Out for Trailing Blanks

data trailing;

length string $ 10;

string = 'abc';

position = verify(string,'abcde');

run;

String = 'abc 'Position = 4 (the position of the first trailing


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Using VERIFY for Data Cleaning

data clean;input id $;

***Valid ID's contain letters X,Y, or Z

and digits;

ifverify(trim(id),'XYZ0123456789') eq 0then valid = 'Yes';

else valid = 'No';

datalines;

12X67YZ67WXYZ

;

Listing of Data Set CLEAN

id valid

12X67YZ Yes67WXYZ No


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Substring Example

data pieces_parts;input Id $9.;

length State $ 2;

state = substr(Id,3,2);

Num = input(substr(Id,5),4.);datalines;

XYNY123

XYNJ1234;

Listing of Data Set PIECES_PARTS

Id State Num

XYNY123 NY 123XYNJ1234 NJ 1234


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The SUBSTR Function on the Left-Hand Side of the Equal Sign

data pressure;input sbp dbp @@;length sbp_chk dbp_chk $ 4;sbp_chk = put(sbp,3.);

dbp_chk = put(dbp,3.);if sbp gt 160 thensubstr(sbp_chk,4,1) = '*';

if dbp gt 90 then substr(dbp_chk,4,1) = '*';

datalines;120 80 180 92 200 110;


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The SUBSTR Function on the Left-Hand Side of the Equal Sign

Listing of Data Set PRESSURE

sbp dbp sbp_chk dbp_chk

120 80 120 80

180 92 180* 92*

200 110 200* 110*


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Parsing a String

data take_apart;input @1 Cost $10.;Integer = input(scan(Cost,1,' /'),8.);Num = input(scan(Cost,2,' /'),8.);Den = input(scan(Cost,3,' /'),8.);

ifmissing(Num) then Amount = Integer;else Amount = Integer + Num/Den;

datalines;1 3/4

12 1/2123;

Listing of Data Set TAKE_APART

Cost Integer Num Den Amount

1 3/4 1 3 4 1.7512 1/2 12 1 2 12.50123 123 . . 123.00


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Using the SCAN Function toExtract a Last Name

data first_last;length last_name $ 15;input @1 name $20.

@22 phone $13.;

***extract the last name from name;last_name = scan(name,-1,' ');*** minus value scans from the right;

datalines;eff W. Snoker (908)782-4382

Raymond Albert (732)235-4444Alfred Edward Newman (800)123-4321Steven . Foster 201 567-9876


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Using the SCAN Function toExtract a Last Name

Names and Phone Numbers in AlphabeticalOrder (by Last Name)

Name Phone NumberRaymond Albert (732)235-4444

Steven J. Foster (201)567-9876

Alfred Edward Newman (800)123-4321

Jose Romerez (516)593-2377Jeff W. Snoker (908)782-4382


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Locating One Word in a StringFunction INDEXW

data _null_;

string = 'anything goes any where';

index = index(string,'any');

indexw = indexw(string,'any');put index= indexw=;

run;

index = 1indexw = 15

Note: You can specify delimiters for indexw in a third argument


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Changing CaseData case;

input name $15.;upper = upcase(name);

lower = lowcase(name);

proper = propcase(name);

Datalines;gEOrge SMITH

The end

;Listing of Data Set CASE

name upper lower proper

gEOrge SMITH GEORGE SMITH george smith George Smith The end THE END the end The End


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Substituting One Word for Anotherin a Strin

data convert;

input @1 address $20. ;

*** Convert Street, Avenue and

Boulevard to their abbreviations;

Address = tranwrd(address,'Street','St.');

Address = tranwrd(address,'Avenue','Ave.');

Address = tranwrd(address,'Road','Rd.');

datalines;

89 Lazy Brook Road

123 River Rd.12 Main Street

;

Listing of Data Set CONVERT

Obs Address

1 89 Lazy Brook Rd.2 123 River Rd.3 12 Main St.


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Spelling distance

data compare;length string1 string2 $ 15;

input string1 string2;

points = spedis(string1,string2);

datalines;

same same

same sam

first xirst

last lasx

receipt reciept

;

Listing of Data Set COMPARE

string1 string2 points

same same 0

same sam 8first xirst 40last lasx 25receipt reciept 7


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The "ANY" Functions

data find_alpha_digit;

input string $20.;

first_alpha = anyalpha(string);

first_digit = anydigit(string);datalines;

no digits here

the 3 and 4

123 456 789

;

Listing of Data Set FIND_ALPHA_DIGIT

first_ first_string alpha digit

no digits here 1 0the 3 and 4 1 5123 456 789 0 1


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The "NOT" FunctionsBeware of Trailin Blanks

length string $ 10;

string = '123';

position = notdigit(string);

pos_trim = notdigit(trim(string));

position = 4 (position of first blank)

pos_trim = 0


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The "NOT" Functions

data data_cleaning;input string $20.;

not_alpha = notalpha(trim(string));

not_digit = notdigit(trim(string));

datalines;

abcdefg

1234567

abc123

1234abcd

;

Listing of Data Set DATA_CLEANING

not_ not_string alpha digit

abcdefg 0 11234567 1 0abc123 4 11234abcd 1 5


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Concatenation Functions

data join_up;

length cats $ 6 catx $ 17;

string1 = 'ABC ';

string2 = ' XYZ ';

string3 = '12345';cats = cats(string1,string2);

catx = catx('***',string1,string2,string3);

run;

cats = 'ABCXYZ'catx = 'ABC***XYZ***12345

Without the length statement, cats and catx would have a length of


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Some LENGTH Functions

data how_long;one = 'ABC ';miss = ' '; /* char missing value */

length_one = length(one);lengthn_one = lengthn(one);lengthc_one = lengthc(one);length_two = length(miss);

lengthn_two = lengthn(miss);lengthc_two = lengthc(miss);run;

33610

1


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The COMPARE Function

COMPARE(string1, string2 )I ignore case

L remove leading blanks

: truncate the longer string to the length of the shorter

string. The default is to pad the shorter string with blanksbefore a comparison.

(Note: similar to the =: comparison operator)

If string1 and string2 are the same, COMPARE returns a value of 0.

If the arguments differ, the sign of the result is negative if string1 precedesstring2 in a sort sequence, and positive if string1 follows string2 in a sortsequence

The magnitude of the result is equal to the position of the leftmostcharacter at which the strings differ.


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The STRIP Functiondata _null_;

length concat $ 8;file print;one = ' ABC ';two = ' XYZ ';one_two = ':' || one || two || ':';strip = ':' || strip(one) || strip(two) || ':';concat = cats(':',one,two,':');put one_two= /

strip= /=

one_two=: ABC XYZ :strip=:ABCXYZ:concat=:ABCXYZ:


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COUNT and COUNTC Functions

data Dracula; /* Get it Count Dracula */input string $20.;count_abc = count(string,'abc');countc_abc = countc(string,'abc');count_abc_i = count(string,'abc','i');

datalines;xxabcxABCxxbbbbcbacba;

Listing of Data Set DRACULA

count_ countc_ count_

string abc abc abc_i

xxabcxABCxxbbbb 1 7 2cbacba 0 6 0


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Contact Information

Author: Ron Cody

You may download copies of the Powerpointpresentation from:

www2.umdnj.edu/codyweb/biocomputing

Documents

Char Func Handout