Chemical Reactor Engineering I - Seoul National …cbe.snu.ac.kr/sites/cbe.snu.ac.kr/files/board/Lecture...Chemical Reactor Engineering I Youn-Woo Lee School of Chemical and Biological

Chemical Reactor Engineering I

Youn-Woo LeeSchool of Chemical and Biological Engineering

Seoul National University155-741, 1 Gwanangro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea [email protected] http://sfpl.snu.ac.kr

Lecture #1

Syllabus반응공학

Youn-Woo Lee

School of Chemical & Biological Eng.

Seoul National University

주별진행계획강의계획서

회수 날짜 장 강의계획

1 03월06일(월) 제1장

몰수지

서론, 공업용반응기, 공업반응기 분류

2 03월08일(수) 이상적 반응기, 일반몰수지식, 설계방정식

3 03월13일(월) 제2장

전화율,

반응기크기 선정

전화율, 설계방정식, 레벤스필 플롯, 반응기크기 결정

4 03월15일(수) 직렬연결반응기, 공간시간, 공간속도

5 03월20일(월) 제3장속도법칙 반응차수, 속도법칙, 반응속도상수, 활성화에너지

6 03월22일(수)

제4장

화학양론

Global Leadership Training

7 03월27일(월) 시험1

8 03월29일(수) 화학양론-정용 (constant volume)

9 04월03일(월) 화학양론-변용 (variable volume)

10 04월05일(수)

제5장

등온반응기설계

등온 반응기 설계-회분식반응기, CSTR

11 04월10일(월) 등온 반응기 설계-관형반응기, 충전층반응기 압력강하

12 04월12일(수) 등온 반응기 설계-화학공장의 통합설계

13 04월17일(월) 제6장

등온반응기: 몰유량

몰유량수지 알고리즘

14 04월19일(수) 마이크로반응기/멤브레인반응기/반회분식/start-up

15 04월24일(월) 자율학습일

16 04월26일(수) 중간

17 05월01일(월)

제7장

속도자료 분석

자료해석 알고리즘/적분법/비선형회귀법

18 05월03일(수) 부처님오신날

19 05월08일(월) 미분반응기 (고체촉매반응)

20 05월10일(수)

제8장

복합반응

복합반응 알고리즘/병렬반응/반응기선택과 조건

21 05월15일(월) 직렬반응

22 05월17일(수) 복합반응1(PBR, CSTR, 반회분식)

23 05월22일(월) 복합반응2(PBR, CSTR, 반회분식)

24 05월24일(수) 복합반응(멤브레인)

25 05월29일(월)

제9장

반응메커니즘

생물반응

활성중간체, PSSH, 반응메커니즘, 반응경로

26 05월31일(수) 효소반응, 효소-기질 복합체, 마이켈리스-멘텐식

27 06월05일(월) 효소반응의 저해

28 06월07일(수) 생물반응기, 회분식

29 06월12일(월) 생물반응기, CSTR

30 06월14일(수) 기말

교과목명 반응공학1 개설학부 화학생물공학부

교과목번호 458.303 강좌번호 002 총학점 3-3-0

담당교수 이윤우e-mail/연구실

[email protected]

302동 726호 연락처 880-1883

교과목홈페이지

http://cbe.snu.ac.kr교과목구분

전공필수

수강대상 3학년 선수 권장과목

화학생물공학입문

공정전산기초, 물리화학,

화공열역학

강의시간 월, 수 15:30-16:45 강의실 302-508

강의조교권동의 (311-418)

백민성 (302-217)상담시간 강의시간 후

교과목

목표

일정한 온도에서 반응이 일어나는 화학반응기 (isothermal reactor)내의

mole balance와 반응속도를 근거로 하여 반응전환율에 따른 반응기 크기

(연속 흐름반응기) 또는 반응시간 (회분식 반응기)을 결정하는 설계 알고리즘

을 습득한다. 반응속도식을 실험적으로 어떻게 구하는 지를 배우며 이를 반응

기설계에 있어서 어떻게 활용하는 지를 배운다. 여러 형태의 반응기 (교반형

회분식반응기, 교반형 연속식 탱크 반응기, 연속식 관형 반응기, 촉매충전형

연속 관형반응기 등)의 설계기법을 배우고, 여러 반응형태 (단일반응, 병렬반

응, 직렬반응, 복합반응)에 대한 반응기 적용 예를 배운다. 셰일가스의 등장으

로 새롭게 부각되고 있는 에탄가스의 화학제품 활용을 위한 실제 크기의 공업

용 반응기를 설계하는 기법을 배우기 위하여 다음과 같은 실전 예제를 다룬다:

(1) 에탄의 탈수소화반응으로 에텔렌을 생산하는 기상반응기 (PFR) 설계, (2)

에틸렌을 부분산화하여 에틸렌오사이드를 제조하는 촉매충전층반응기 (PBR)

설계, 그리고 (3) 에틸렌옥사이드를 수화반응하여 에틸렌글리콜을 생산하는

CSTR 설계. 또한 다양한 마이크로반응기, 반회분식반응기, 멤브레인반응기,

생물반응기를설계하는 연습을 통하여 엔지니어링 센스를 습득한다.

수업

진행방법이론수업

교재

및

참고서

교재핵심화학반응공학 (2011)H. Scott Fogler지음 /이윤우 옮김피어슨에듀케이션코리아

참고서

Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering (2011)

H. Scott Fogler

Pearson Education Inc.

성적

평가방법출석 (10%),과제 (15%),시험1 (15%),중간 (25%),기말 (35%)

Essentials of Chemical Reaction EngineeringPearson Education

November 01, 2010

Textbook

Supercritical Fluid Process Lab

Fogler, H.S.Scott Fogler is Past President of the

American Institute of Chemical Engineers

for 2010. He received his B.S. from the

University of Illinois and his M.S. and

Ph.D. from the University of Colorado. He

is the Ame and Catherine Vennema

professor of chemical engineering and the

Arthur F. Thurnau professor at the

University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.

핵심화학반응공학

㈜ 피어슨에듀케이션코리아

2011년 12월23일

H. Scott Fogler지음

이윤우 옮김

교 과 서

Supercritical Fluid Process Lab

Syllabus

Reaction Engineering I (458.303.002)

반응공학이란무엇인가?

반응공학은 반응기를 합리적으로 설계하고, 안전하게 조작하는 데 필요한 지식을 체계화한 학문이다. 구체적으로, 반응공학은 몰수지(반응기에 얼마나 많은 반응물이 들어가고 생산물이 얼마나 나가는가? 즉 얼마나 많이 생산할 것인가?), 반응속도(반응물은 얼마나 빨리 소모하는가? 제품은 얼마나 빨리생성되는가?), 화학양론(반응물에 대하여 생성물의 몰수는?),에너지수지(최적 반응온도는 무엇인가? 안전하게 운전할 수있는가?), 열역학(우리가 도달할 수 있는 한계는 어디까지인가?) 등을 결합하여 반응공학 문제를 해결하는 학문이다.

반응공학문제해결알고리즘=몰수지+반응속도식+화학양론(+에너지수지)

주요반응공학문제

(1) 화학반응을동반하는반응기의형태와크기결정(2) 반응기의배열(3) 반응시간의예측(4) 반응실험자료의확보및해석(5) 반응기내에서의압력강하(6) 복합반응에서의선택성과수율의최대화(7) 비기초반응의속도식결정과반응메커니즘의예측(8) 고체 촉매 반응에서의 속도식 결정(9) 고체 촉매 반응에서의 속도제한 단계의 분석(10) 고체촉매반응에서의 반응과 물질전달(11) 최적의 반응온도 결정(12) 非등온반응에서의 열교환 능력의 결정(13) 단열 반응기의 안전성 해석(14) 非정상상태 반응기 운전

주요반응공학문제예제(1) 공업용반응기를 PFR로할것인가 CSTR로할것인가?(2) 실험용반응기를설계하는데고려해야하는것은?(3) 생산량을늘리려면온도를올릴것인가반응기를크게할것인가?(4) 생산량을 30%늘리려면반응기부피(촉매의무게)는얼마나크게해야하는가?(5) 반응기배열: CSTR1CSTR2CSTR3또는 CSTR1CSTR2PFR로할것인가?(6) 맥주제조발효기를언제중단해야맛있는맥주를만들수있는가?(7) 세계에서처음수행하는화학반응의속도식은어떻게구할것인가?(8) 속도식을구하려고하는데어떤반응기를사용할것인가?(9) 가역반응의전화율을높이는반응기는?(10) 멤브레인반응기를선택하는경우는?(11) 촉매크기를변경할경우반응기내에서의압력강하변화와전화율변화는?(12) 압력강하를줄이기위하여반응기직경을늘리거나촉매의크기를늘리는경우?(13) Start up에서정상상태에도달하는시간은?(14) 평행반응에서선택성과수율의최대화와할수있는반응기선택은?(15) 연속반응에서선택성과수율의최대화와할수있는방법은?(16) 반회분식반응기는어떤경우에사용되는가?(17) 非기초반응의속도식결정하는방법은?(18) 생물반응기는어떻게설계하는가?

이상적인반응기 (ideal reactors)

반응공학 문제를 해결하는 능력을 키우기 위해 이 강좌에서는다루는 반응기들

(1) 회분식반응기(batch)(2) 연속교반탱크반응기(CSTR)(3) 플러그흐름반응기(PFR)(4) 충전층반응기(PBR)(5) 유동층 CSTR(6) 미분(differential)반응기(7) 멤브레인반응기

이상적인 반응기들(ideal reactors)을 대상으로 하여 반응기설계 알고리즘을 따라서 여러 가지 문제를 논리적으로 접근하며 해결할 수 있도록 한다.

강의주제Syllabus

반응공학


이상적인 반응기: batch, CSTR, plug flow

하나의 반응에 대하여 이상반응기에서 몰수지식 작성

반응속도, 화학양론, 결합 이해

이상적 반응기의 특징 및 성능비교

반응속도식 구하는 방법

연속반응과 평행반응 확장

Kinetics를 위한 실험실적 반응기 선택방법

유체의 밀도가 변하는 반응계와 압력강하

반응기, 분리기, 재순환과 최적화 개념

복합반응에서의 선택성과 수율, 그리고 반응기 선택방법

Chemical Process

Separation

processes

Separation

processes

Chemical

reaction

Raw

materialsProducts

Byproducts

The key component is the chemical reactor in any processes.

In typical chemical processes the capital and operating costs of the reactor may

be only 10 to 25% of the total, with separation units dominating the size and

cost of the process. Yet the performance of the chemical reactor totally controls

the costs and modes of operation of these expensive separation units, and thus

the chemical reactor largely controls the overall economics of most processes.

Improvement in the reactor usually have enormous impact on upstream and

downstream separation processes.


Use of Nitrobenzene

Benzene nitrobenzene aniline MDA MDI polyurethane

Acetaminophen

Herbicide, dye pigment

Vulcanization accelerator


The production of nitrobenzene: 1 ton/yr

NO2

+ HNO3 + H2OH2SO4

BenzeneM.W.=78bp=80oCSP.GR.=0.88Insoluble with water

NitrobenzeneM.W.=123bp=211oCSP.GR.=1.2Insoluble with water

Sulfuric acidM.W.=98bp=290oCSP.GR.=1.5 (60%)soluble with water

Nitric acidM.W.=63bp=121oCSP.GR.=1.4 (100%)soluble with water

BASIS: 1000kg of Nitrobenzene

Thoe. 8.13 kgmole 8.13 kgmole 8.13 kgmoleTheo. 634 kg 512 kg 1000 kgReal 640 kg 515 kg 3.3 kg (consumption)Excess 3 kg 3.3 kg (consumption)Excess 0.037 kgmole 0.034 kgmole (consumption)

HNO3 +NaOH → NaNO3 +H2OH2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

NaOH requirement=0.037*40+0.034*2*40=4.2kg ~ 0.004 ton

Benzene nitric acid sulfuric acid


The production of nitrobenzene

NO2

+ HNO3 + H2O

H2SO4

Benzene

M.W.=78

bp=80oC

SP.GR.=0.88

Insoluble with water

Nitrobenzene

M.W.=123

bp=211oC

SP.GR.=1.2

Insoluble with water

Sulfuric acid

M.W.=98

bp=290oC

SP.GR.=1.5 (60%)

soluble with water

Nitric acid

M.W.=63

bp=121oC

SP.GR.=1.4 (100%)

soluble with water

Nitrobenzene 1 ton

Raw materials Utilities

Benzene 0.64 ton cooling water 14,200 gal

Nitric acid (100%) 0.515 ton steam 800 lb

Sulfuric acid (100%) 0.0033 ton electricity 20 kWh

NaOH 0.004 ton compressed air 180 scf/m


Flow sheet for the production of nitrobenzene

steam

Condensate

to wash

Vacuum jet

Surface

condenser

vapors

Sulfuric acid

concentrator

Reactors (Nitrators) Separator

benzene

Crude Nitrobenzene (

Chemical Kinetics

The knowledge of chemical reaction engineering

How is a chemical engineer different from other engineers?

the study of

- chemical reaction rates

- reaction mechanisms

Reactor Design

the study of

- Mole Balance

- Stoichiometry

- Fluid flow

- Heat & Mass Transfer

- Catalyst

A

AA

AA

AA

Ck

Ckr

kCr

kCr

2

1

2

1

A

A

N

NA

A

Vr

dNt

0


Industrial Reactors


Batch Reactor Stirring Apparatus

HANDHOLES

Conventional jacket

回分式反応器


Cutaway View of CSTR

Helix Impeller

Marine Type Propeller

pitched blade turbine

flat blade radial turbine

Gas EntrainmentImpeller

Spiral Agitator

Anchor Stirrer

Turbine Type Impeller

http://www.jeiopi.co.kr/english/prd/impeller.htm

Hydrofoil

攪拌槽型反應裝置


http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=impeller/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.sharpemixers.com/Sharpe Web/Radial Impeller.jpghttp://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=impeller/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.sharpemixers.com/Sharpe Web/Radial Impeller.jpg

CSTR/batch Reactor攪拌槽型反應裝置


Type of Jacket

Dimpled Jacket

Half pipe jacket

Baffles

Inner coil type

Heat exchange

impeller

Conventional jacket

www.centralfabricators.com/hpipej.htm

攪拌槽型反應裝置


Stirred Tank Reactor攪拌槽型反應裝置


Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor攪拌槽型反應裝置


polymerization reactor攪拌槽型反應裝置


High Pressure Tubular Reactor for LDPE (Low Density PolyEthylene) plant

ExxonMobil's tubular process technology

for Sasol's new high-pressure low density

polyethylene (LDPE) plant in Sasolburg,

South Africa. The new 220,000 ton-per-

year plant is expected to be completed in

2005.

管型反應裝置


The Shinko Pantec Plant, Capacity: 1100 kg/h

Tubular Reactor for SCWO管型反應裝置


The default configuration catalytically reacts ethylene (reactant A) with benzene (reactant B),

an exothermic reaction, to produce ethylbenzene (product C), an intermediate chemical used in

the manufacture of styrene monomer. (http://www.simtronics.com/catalog/spm/spm2200a.htm)

a bank of catalyst packed tubes

(Zeolite)

Ethylene

Ethylbenzene

Benzene

430oC, 20bar

400oC, 20bar

177oC 510oC

Tubular Reactor for production of ethylbenzene管型反應裝置


http://www.simtronics.com/catalog/spm/spm2200.htmhttp://www.simtronics.com/catalog/spm/spm2200.htm

Static Mixer in Tubular Reactor管型反應裝置


http://www.koflo.com/http://www.koflo.com/http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=PFR+reactor/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.komax.com/images/PFReactor.gifhttp://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=PFR+reactor/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.komax.com/images/PFReactor.gifhttp://www.cleanersolutions.org/PictureIndex.htmhttp://www.cleanersolutions.org/PictureIndex.htmhttp://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=static+mixer/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.e-quipment.com.au/images/Optimized/Static1.jpghttp://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=static+mixer/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.e-quipment.com.au/images/Optimized/Static1.jpg

Reactor System Used at Amoco

Industrial Reactor Photos

固定層型反應裝置


Spherical Reactor at AMOCO Spherical Reactors Connected in Series

“Ultraformer Reactor”-Reforming Petroleum Naphtha固定層型反應裝置


Hydrotreating UnitCatalytic hydrotreating is a hydrogenation

process used to remove about 90% of

contaminants such as nitrogen, sulfur,

oxygen, and metals from liquid petroleum

fractions. These contaminants, if not

removed from the petroleum fractions as

they travel through the refinery processing

units, can have detrimental effects on the

equipment, the catalysts, and the quality of

the finished product. Typically, hydrotreating

is done prior to processes such as catalytic

reforming so that the catalyst is not

contaminated by untreated feedstock.

Hydrotreating is also used prior to catalytic

cracking to reduce sulfur and improve

product yields, and to upgrade middle-

distillate petroleum fractions into finished

kerosene, diesel fuel, and heating fuel oils. In

addition, hydrotreating converts olefins and

aromatics to saturated compounds.



Packed Bed ReactorFisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction at Sasol Limited Chemical

Gas inlet(50% conversion)

Tube bundle(2050 tubes)

5cm ID X 12 m H

Catalyst

K2O/SiO2 on FeBET=200m2/g

Steam injector

Product= Light hydrocarbon+ wax (candle &

printing inks)



Straight Though Transport Reactor

Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction at Sasol Limited Chemical

Reactor3.5 m ID x 38 m H

Riser(Straight-Through Transport Reactor)

(Circulating Fluidized Bed)

Settlinghopper

Standpipe

流動層型反應裝置


Straight Though Transport Reactorwaxes and distillate fuels

http://www.hcasia.safan.com/mag/hnov02/it60.pdf

catalyst

Catalyst6-9.5 ton/sec

Feed300,000 m3/hr @STP58% H232% CO

9% CH41% CO2

Tail Gas (T)

38% H235% CH412% CO211% C2-C5

7% CO

Volume=365 m3

3.5m ID X 38m H

Synoil

150 tonCatalyst

P=25atmT=350oC

Recycle (R)

R/T=2



Sasol Advanced Synthol (SAS) Reactorlight olefins and gasoline fractions



Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unitin the petroleum refining industry



http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=naphtha/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.energy-derivatives.com/images/pictures/naphtha.jpghttp://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=naphtha/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.energy-derivatives.com/images/pictures/naphtha.jpg

Stone & Webster’s plant

Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Reactor 流動層型反應裝置


Slurry Phase Distillate Reactor氣泡塔型反應裝置


www.fe.doe.gov/programs/.../tl_liqphase_schematic.html

Bubble Column ReactorFor Fischer-Tropsch Reaction

氣泡塔型反應裝置


Fluidized Bed Gasification Reactor

www.fao.org/DOCREP/T0512E/T0512e0a.htm

GTL reactor for Sasol

coal-gasified gas into synthetic oil



Residual Oil Fluidized-Bed Catalytic Cracking reactor



Dimersol G unit (Two –CSTR and one PFR in series)

Dimerization propylene into isohexanes

Institute Français du Petrόle Process

http://www.ifp.fr/

管型反應裝置


http://www.ifp.fr/IFP/en/aa.htmhttp://www.ifp.fr/IFP/en/aa.htm

The finishing reactor (“the snake”) to comply with LPG specification in the USA (less than 5% olefins)

Plug-flow reactor for Dimersol™ process

管型反應裝置


Automotive Catalytic Converter

2NO → N2 + O2

2NO2 → N2 + 2O2

2CO + O2 → 2CO2



http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=catalytic+convertor/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/home.t-online.de/home/SBeatty/rtcat.jpghttp://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=catalytic+convertor/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/home.t-online.de/home/SBeatty/rtcat.jpg

Microreactor made of silicon

anodically bonded with glassLab-on-Chip made of glass and polymer

for DNA amplification and detection

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK

Microreactor and Lab-on-Chip

管型反應裝置


Microreactor for DNA analysis

)50050( mwXh

liternano50

C 1.0

/10 gnano

管型反應裝置


Oxidation Reactor in Semiconductor Processing


Diamond film is synthesized through CVD

(Chemical Vapor Deposition)

CVD Diamond coated tools

SEM of Diamond Films on

Si-wafer substrate

1 to 2 micron/hour


Metallization

Integrated Circuit Wafer

and Packaged Device

bis-hexafluoroacetyl-acetonate-CuII

(CF3COCHCF3CO)2Cu


http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062857/K=metallization/v=2/SID=w/l=II/R=121/*-http:/images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?p=metallization&ei=UTF-8&n=20&fl=0&b=121&h=496&w=400&imgcurl=www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/bilder/ibm-co.jpg&imgurl=www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/bilder/ibm-co.jpg&name=ibm-co.jpg&p=metallization&rurl=http://www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/lehre/veranst/piba.htm&rcurl=http://www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/lehre/veranst/piba.htm&type=&no=121&tt=810http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062857/K=metallization/v=2/SID=w/l=II/R=121/*-http:/images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?p=metallization&ei=UTF-8&n=20&fl=0&b=121&h=496&w=400&imgcurl=www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/bilder/ibm-co.jpg&imgurl=www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/bilder/ibm-co.jpg&name=ibm-co.jpg&p=metallization&rurl=http://www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/lehre/veranst/piba.htm&rcurl=http://www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/lehre/veranst/piba.htm&type=&no=121&tt=810

Chemical Reactions in Microelectronics Processing

Chemical Vapor Deposition

Plasma Etching

Electrochemical Deposition

Chemical Mechanical Polishing


http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/CVD/http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/CVD/http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/PE/http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/PE/http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/CMP/http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/CMP/http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/ED/http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/ED/

Metal Deposition in Microelectronics Processing

silicon-diffusion furnace

Metal Deposition Reactor

Oxidation reactor


Ozone Depletion Reaction in Stratosphere

Paul Crutzen

(Seoul National University)

F. Sherwood Rowland

(U. C. Irvine)

Mario Molina

(MIT)


Bio reactors

Vaccines From The Bioreactor

photo-bioreactor

Metallurgy: Blast Furnace

Water Treatment Systems

工業反應裝置分類

1. 固定層型反應裝置 (Fixed bed)2. 移動層型反應裝置 (Moving bed)3. 流動層型反應裝置 (Fluidized bed)4. 攪拌槽型反應裝置 (Stirred Tank)5. 氣泡塔型反應裝置 (Bubble cap tower)6. 管型反應裝置 (Tubular)7. 火炎型反應裝置 (Flammed)8. 氣流型反應裝置 (Pneumatic conveying)9. 段塔型反應裝置 (Multi-staged)10. 回轉圓板型反應裝置 (Rotary)


固定層型反應裝置 (Fixed bed)

Gas (Liq)

Gas (Liq)

(a) Fixed bed (1) (b) Fixed bed (2: Countercurrent)

Gas

Gas

Liq

Liq

Gas inlet

Gas outlet

(c) Radial flow type

Gas flow

Catalyst bed

(d) Parallel flow type (e) Thin bed catalysis reactor (Ammonia Oxidation)

Outlet gas

Catalyst

bed Metal

mesh

Nitric Oxide

Ammonia +

Air

Pt/Rh gauze

Pd/Au screen

Porous bed

Support screen

2 cm


移動層型反應裝置 (Moving bed)

Gas

Gas

GasGas

Gas Gas

Gas

Gas

Gas

Gas

Gas

Gas

solid

solid

solid

solid

solid

solid solid

solid

solid

Solid

Catalyst

(b) Countercurrent

(gas-solid rxn)

(c) Cross flow

Gas

(a) Countercurrent

(gas-solid cat. rxn)

(d) Moving grid

(e) Rotary kiln (rotated) (f) Multistaged


流動層型反應裝置 (Fluidized bed)Gas

Gas

GasGas

Gas

Gas Gas

Gas

Gas

Solid

Solid

Solid

Solid

Solid

ParticleSolid

Particle

Liquid

Liquid

Gas

Flow

(b) Fluidized bed

(gas-solid rxn)

(c) 3 Fluidized bed

(a) Fluidized bed

(gas-solid cat.)

(d) High flow fluidized bed (e) Spray flow bed


攪拌槽型反應裝置 (Stirred Tank)

Gas

Steam

LiquidGas

Liquid

Reactant inlet

Reactant inlet

Reactant inlet

Products

Products

Products outlet

Baffles

Impeller

Impeller

Jacket

Steam Heat

Transfer

Coil

(a) CSTR (Jacket)

(d) Series CSTRs

(a) CSTR (Coiled) (c) CSTR (G-L)

(e) Multi-Staged CSTRs


氣泡塔型反應裝置 (Bubble cap tower)

Gas

Liquid

Gas

Gas

GasGas

Gas

Liquid

Liquid

Liquid Liquid

Liquid

Ring

Sparger

Heat

Transfer

Tubes

Single hole nozzle

Multi hole plate

Multi hole

Gas distributor

(a) Ring sparger type (b) Single nozzle

gas distribution

(c) Multi hole

gas distribution


管型反應裝置 (Tubular)

Reactant inletProducts outlet

HT media

Reactant inlet

Products outlet

Gas

Gas

Gas

Gas

Liquid

Liquid

Liquid

Liquid

HT Media

HT Media

tubular

reactor

tubular

reactor

Jacket

burner

quenching quenching

burner

preheating

Boiler for

Steam generationnaphtha naphtha

Cooling

water

Liquid

Jacket

(a) Single tube type

(b) Multi tube type (c) Burner heated type (d) Wetted wall type (e) Spray tower


段塔型反應裝置 (Multi-staged)

GasLiquid

回轉圓板型反應裝置 (Rotary)

Gas Liquid

Vessel

Rotating

Disc

Axis

Liquid

LevelWater


Reactor Types with different phases

G L SC GS GL GLS LL LG SS

Fixed bed

Moving bed

Fluidized bed

Stirred tank

Bubble cap

Tubular

Pneumatic

1 2

PhaseReactor

G=Gas, L= Liquid, SC=Solid catalyst, GS=Gas-Solid, GL=Gas-Liquid, GLS=Gas-

Liquid-Solid, LL=Liquid-Liquid, LG=Liquid-Gas, LS=Liquid-Solid, SS=Solid-Solid

3

4

5 6

7 8 9 10 11

12

13

14


Sel

ecti

on

of

Rea

cto

r T

yp

e1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene

Ammonia Synthesis

Naphtha Reforming Reaction

2. Hydrodesulphurization

3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction

4. Production of Steel in Furnace

5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile

Fluidized Catalytic Cracking

6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene

Fluidized Coal Combustion

7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene

8. Production of Antibiotics

9. Production of Terephthalic Acid

Hydrogenation of Edible Oil

10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR

11. Production of HDPE

12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin

13. Production of LDPE

14. Production of SyngasSeoul National University

Seoul National UniversityProduction of Steel in Furnace

1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene

Ammonia Synthesis

















14. Production of Syngas



Ammonia Synthesis



















Ammonia Synthesis
















13. Production of Ethylene by Cracking of Naphtha



유동층 촉매반응기는 분자량이 큰 원유 등을 원통의반응기에서 미분발의 Zeolite Y 촉매를 유동화시켜작은 분자로 변화시키는 반응기로서 촉매를 재생하는 반응기와 결합하여 사용한다.이 때 zeolite촉매는 고체이고 원료는 기체로서 공급되고 생성물은 기체로 배출된다.



Ammonia Synthesis



















HW #0 : 산업에서 사용되는 화학반응기에 대한 예를 조사하고 어떤 반응기를 사용하고 어떤 상태로 운전되는 지 아래 처럼 정리하여 제출하여라 (ppt 1쪽). due : one week

Documents

Chemical Reactor Engineering I - Seoul National …cbe.snu.ac.kr/sites/cbe.snu.ac.kr/files/board/Lecture...Chemical Reactor Engineering I Youn-Woo Lee School of Chemical and Biological