UBND T H A N H PHO HAI PHONG SO" NONG NGHIEP VA

PHAT TRIEN NONG THON

CONG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHIA VIET NAM Doc lap - Tu* do - Hanh phiic

So: 20/HD-SNN H a i P h o n g , n g a y 17 t h d n g 02 n a m 2 0 1 4

HI/6NG DAN Phong, chong benh Niu - cat - xcn 6" gia cam

DIEM CHUNG CUA BENH

1. Dae diem dich te hoc Benh Niu-cat-xon (Newcastle) la benh truyen nhiem nguy hiem d loai cam

(ga, cac loai chim), gia cam d moi lua tuoi deu co the mac benh, benh thuong ghep voi nhieu benh gia cam khac gay ra ty le chet cao, gay thiet hai kinh te Ion.

Benh Niu-cat-xon dupe phat hien dau tien nam 1926 tai thanh pho t r r

Newcastle, vung Dong Bac nuoc Anh. Benh da xuat hien khap cac chau luc tren the gioi. Tai Viet Nam, hang nam djch van xay ra o nhieu dia phuong gay ton that Ion cho nganh chan nuoi gia cam cua nuoc ta.

Tac nhan gay benh: Benh Niu-cat-xon do mot loai vi nit thuoc giong Avulavirus, ho Paramyxoviridae gay ra. V i nit gay benh Niu-cat-xon co cau tnic gen A R N xoan don. He gen cua vi nit chiia khoang 16.000 nu-cle-6-tit. V i nit

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duoc nhan len trong te bao chat cua vat chii. C d c h lay t r u y e n :

Lay truyen true tiep: V i nit Niu-cat-xon thuong lay truyen qua duong tiep xiic true tiep giua gia cam mac benh va gia cam khoe manh. V i nit duoc bai thai qua phan, dich tiet d mat, mui, mieng hoac qua hoi tho cua gia cam benh.

Lay truyen gian tiep: V i nit co the lay tmyen thong qua xac gia cam bi benh chet, vo trung, dung cu chan nuoi, thuc an nuoc uong, chat thai chan nuoi, ung hoac quan ao cua nguoi chan nuoi co mang mam benh.

Sire de k h d n g : V i nit Niu-cat-xon de bi tieu diet o nhiet dp cao, o nhiet do 70°C trong 30 phut, 75°C trong 5 phut va 80°C trong vong 1 phut. Trong moi truong kiem hoac a xit hoac duoi tac dong true tiep cua arm sang mat troi, vi nit de bi pha hiiy. Trong dieu kien nhiet do thap, vi nit co the ton tai trong thoi gian dai toi nhieu tuan trong moi truong huu co nhu phan, cac chat bai tiet hoac tren long cua gia cam mac benh.

Benh khong co thuoc dieu tri, chi co vac xin phong benh. 2. Trieu chirng, benh tich

2 . 1 . T r i e u c h i r n g Dua vao cac bieu hien ve trieu chung lam sang, co the phan loai benh Niu-

cat-xon thanh 4 the benh chinh, bao gom: the doc luc cao huong noi tang (Viscerotropic velogenic), the doc luc cao huong than kinh (Neurotropic velogenic), the doc luc trung binh (Mesogenic) va the doc luc thap (Lentogenic). V i nit gay benh Niu-cat-xon doc luc cao co the gay chet gia cam trong thoi gian

'CHI CUC THU Y HAI PHONG

DEN ^y-s.^zr.'. Chuyen:

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ngan khi gia cam chira xuat hien trieu chung lam sang. Dan gia cam chua duoc phong benh bang vac xin thi khi nhiem benh co the chet den 100%.

Thai ky u benh trung binh tu 5-6 ngay, nhung co the thay doi tu 2-15 ngay. Muc do benh phu thuoc vao nhieu yeu to nhu doc luc cua chung vi rut gay

benh, loai mac, tuoi, sue de khang. Cac trieu chung lam sang chii yeu bao gom: * The benh nhe, t h e ho hap: thuong gap cac trieu chung nhu hat hoi, kho

tho, ho, chay nuoc mui, to chuc vung mat va co sung; ia chay, phan co mau trang xanh hoac mau trang;

* The benh n g n g : thuong gap cac trieu chung nhu suy nhuoc than kinh, suy nhuoc co the, run co, sa canh, ngoeo dau va co, quay tron, liet chan, liet toan than; giam de, trung bi mong vo, chet dot ngot; ty le tu vong co the len den 100%;

2 . 2 . Benh tich •

Gia cam mac benh thuong co cac benh tich nhu: viem tui khi day due, viem va xuat huyet khi quan, co cac dam hoai tu 6 da day tuyen, ruot va hach manh trang; xuat huyet diem 6 da day tuyen, tap trung d xung quanh 16 do ra cua tuyen tieu hoa; phu, xuat huyet hoac thoai hoa ong dan trung o ga de.

3. Chan doan 3 . 1 . C h a n do a n phan Met: Can chan doan phan biet benh Niu-cat-xon voi

cac benh gia cam khac nhu cum gia cam, viem thanh khi quan, viem phe quan truyen nhiem, do Mycoplasma, dau gia cam (the bach hau), hoi chung giam de (EDS-76);

3.2. Phdt h i e n tac n h a n gay benh: su dung phan ung ngung ket hong cau ga (hemagglutination - HA) va phan ung ngan tro ngung ket hong cau ga (hemagglutination inhibition - HI). Ngoai ra, co the dung ky thuat PCR;

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3 . 3 . Phdt h i e n k h a n g the: su dung cac phuong phap huyet thanh hoc nhu phan ung ngan tro ngung ket hong cau ga (HI) hoac phuong phap ELISA;

3 . 4 . Xdc dinh doc lire cua chung vi r u t gay benh: su dung mot trong cac phuong phap sau:

Thoi gian trung binh gay chet phoi trung ga. Chi so gay benh khi tiem vi nit vao nao cho ga con 1 ngay tuoi. Chi so gay benh khi tiem vi nit vao tlnh mach cho ga 6 tuan tuoi. II. PHONG, CHONG DICH BENH 1. Khi chira co dich Thuc hien dong bo cac bien phap sau: 1 . 1 . Tuyen truyen ve phong benh Cong tac thong tin tuyen truyen can thuong xuyen, lien tuc nham pho bien

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kien thuc ve tinh chat nguy hiem va bien phap phong chong benh Niu - cat -xon toi rung ho gia dinh va cpng dong, cu the:

- Ap dung cac bien phap an toan sinh hoc trong chan nuoi nhu: thuong xuyen cham soc tot cho vat nuoi, ve sinh chuong trai (che am vao mua dong, thoang mat vao mua he), djnh ky it nhat 1 lan/tuan tieu doc khu tning bang cac chat sat tning thong thuong nhu Clorrine, Iodine, voi bot, nuoc voi 20%...

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- Nen tu tuc con giong trong tung gia dinh hoac rung thon; con giong mua tu noi khac ve nuoi phai dam bao ro nguon goc, co giay chung nhan kiem dich cua co quan thu y hoac xuat phat tu vung an toan voi dich, duoc nuoi each ly it nhat 21 ngay truoc khi nhap dan.

- Tuyen truyen, van dong cac to chuc, ca nhan co chan nuoi, buon ban, van chuyen, giet mo gia cam cam ket thuc hien "Ket uoc phong benh" voi cac noi dung sau:

- Khong mua, ban, an thit gia cam bi benh, chet hoac khong ro nguon goc; - Thuc hien phong benh Niu-cat-xon bang vac xin; - Thuc hien khai bao dich kip thoi; - Khong vut xac gia cam bua bai.

Tuyen truyen de huong cho nguoi dan tung buoc thay doi phuong thuc chan nuoi; chuyen tu chan nuoi nho le, phan tan sang chan nuoi theo huong cong nghiep, ap dung cac bien phap an toan sinh hoc.

1.2. C h u dong giam sat, phdt h i e n s&m dich benh Tram thu y huyen, quan phoi hop cung Uy ban nhan dan xa, phuong, thi

tran chi dao can bo thu y xa, truong thon, cac doan the quan chung tang cuong cong tac giam sat toi tung thon, xom nham chu dong phat hien som dich benh tren dan gia cam, ap dung cac bien phap xu ly kip thoi khong de dich lay lan ra dien rong; dac biet tai khu vuc co nguy co cao, vung chan nuoi tap trung, vung giap ranh voi cac tinh dang co dich.

Huong dan, don doc cac co so, chu ho thuc hien nghiem cac quy dinh ve sinli thu y trong chan nuoi, giet mo, buon ban gia cam, san pham gia cam; khi phat hien gia cam co nhung bieu hien trieu chung dien hinh cua benh phai bao ngay cho can bo thu y va chinh quyen dia phuong...

1.3. Ve sinh phong benh - Khu chan nuoi phai co hang rao, ranh gioi de each ly voi ben ngoai, co

luoi chan chim troi; truoc loi ra - vao phai co ho sat trung; thuong xuyen thuc hien ve sinh chuong trai, bai chan tha, dung cu chan nuoi tieu diet cac loai gam nham, con trung nhu chuot, gian, moi...thuc hien khu trung tieu doc 1 lan/tuan, co the su dung mot trong cac loai hoa chat sau: Clorrine, Iodine, nuoc voi 20% hoac voi bot...

- Tang cuong cham soc nUoi duong dan gia cam; thuc an chan nuoi phai dam bao tieu chuan ve sinh thu y, khong su dung thuc an am moc, khong dam bao chat luong.

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- Nuoc su dung trong chan nuoi, che bien thuc an chan nuoi phai bao dam ve sinh thu y; thuong xuyen khu trung tieu doc dung cu chan nuoi, mang an mang uong va phuong tien van chuyen.

- Han che nguoi ra - vao khu chan nuoi; nguoi chan nuoi, khach tham quan, nhan vien thu y truoc khi ra vao khu vuc chan nuoi phai duoc ve sinh, khu trung va su dung trang bi bao ho.

- Sau moi lan xuat ban gia cam phai ve sinh, sat trung tieu doc va de trong chuong trong thoi gian toi thieu 15 ngay truoc khi nhap gia cam moi ve nuoi.

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- Nuoi gia cam rieng biet theo tung lua tuoi; khong nuoi lan cac loai gia cam trong cung mot chuong nuoi; thuc hien quy trinh chan nuoi " c i i n g nhap, c i i n g x u a t " ; hoac khi nhap dan moi phai nuoi each ly theo doi it nhat 21 ngay.

1.4. Vac x i n phong benh Su dung vac xin phong benh Niu - cat - xon theo Huong dan so 15/HD-

SNN ngay 17/02/2014 cua So Nong nghiep va PTNT ve viec Huong dan ky thuat su dung vac xin tiem phong cho dan gia sue, gia cam tren dia ban thanh pho Hai Phong nam 2014, cu the:

* Vac x i n c h i u n h i e t - Doi tupng su dung: ga khoe manh 6 moi lua tuoi - Cach su dung: co the su dung theo 3 phuong phap sau + Nhd mat, m u i : Pha loang vacxin bang nuoc sinh ly man hoac nuoc sach,

mat voi luong sao cho du mot ga con 2 giot, lac tan deu. Tuy thuoc ong nho giot, moi 1 ml vac xin pha co the nho cho 10 den 20 con.

+ Cho uong: - Tung con: Pha vacxin nhu nho mat, mui roi nho vao mieng ga moi con hai giot. - Ca dan: Dung nuoc sach khong chua Chlor, Ion kim loai nang hoac cac

chat sat trung pha vac xin moi luong vua du moi con tu 5 -10 ml tuy theo lua tuoi. - Truoc khi cho uong vacxin, cho ga nhin khat tu 1 - 2 gio de bao dam ga

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thu nhan het luong vacxin. + C h o a n : Pha loang vacxin voi 10 ml nuoc sach, tron deu voi lung bat com

nguoi hoac thuc an hon hop (tinh khoang 10 g/ga) roi dan deu tren met hoac bao giay de cho toan bo dan ga cung an mot luc vao sang som khi dang doi.

* Vac x i n c h u n g M : - Doi tuong su dung: ga khoe manh tren 2 thang tuoi. - Cach su dung: Pha vac xin bang nuoc sinh ly man vo trung da lam mat

voi luong vua du cho moi lieu la 0,5 ml hoac 1 ml. Lac ky truoc khi dung. Vac xin duoc tiem duoi da co, mat trong dui hoac bap thit uc.

Sau khi pha, vac xin phai duoc gift trong lanh, tranh arm sang mat troi va phai dung het trong vong 2-3 gio.

Chiiy: - Chung vi nit nay co the gay benh cho ga duoi 2 thang tuoi chua duoc tiem

vac xin Niu-cat-xon. - Co the gay phan ung manh khi tiem cho dan ga bi benh ho hap man tinh

(CRD).

1.5. Kiem dich van chuyen Kiem soat chat che viec van chuyen gia cam, san pham cua gia cam ra vao

dia phuong. Thuong true 24/24 gio tai cac tram kiem dich dau moi giao thong ra - vao thanh pho, thanh lap cac chot kiem dich tarn thoi tai cac duong nhanh noi tiep giap voi tinh dang co dich nham kiem soat chat che khong de gia cam, san pham gia cam mang mam benh xam nhap vao dja ban thanh pho lam lay lan dich benh.

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To chuc thu giu, tieu huy gia cam mac benh hoac gia cam, san pham gia cam van chuyen vao dia ban thanh pho khong co giay chung nhan kiem dich hop le, khong ro nguon goc hoac van chuyen tu vung dich; chu gia cam khong duoc boi thuong, phai chiu xu phat hanh chinh va chi phi tieu huy.

2. Khi co dich 2 . 1 . K h a i bao va x i r l y 6 dich dau tien Cac ho chan nuoi khi phat hien gia cam co cac dau hieu cua benh Niu - cat -

xon phai: - Bao ngay cho can bo thu y hoac chinh quyen dia phuong; - Nhot rieng gia cam nghi mac benh ra khu vuc khac; - Thuc hien ve sinh, khu trung tieu doc khu vuc chan nuoi; - Khong buon ban, van chuyen gia cam, san pham gia cam ra khoi khu vuc

chan nuoi khi chua co ket luan cua co quan thu y co tham quyen. Can bp thu y xa, phuong, thi tran sau khi nhan dupe thong bao, phai den kiem

tra, xac minh va huong dan nguoi chan nuoi cac bien phap each ly gia cam benh, ve sinh tieu doc, cham soc dan gia cam, dong thoi bao ngay cho tram thu y huyen, quan, Uy ban nhan dan xa, phuong, thi tran de co bien phap xu ly kip thoi.

Tram thu y huyen, quan khi nhan dupe thong bao, phai den kiem tra, xac minh; bao cao ngay ve Chi cue Thu y thanh pho va Uy ban nhan dan huyen, quan de phoi hop kiem tra, lay mau xet nghiem va ap dung cac bien phap xu ly gia cam benh theo quy dinh.

Trong truong hop ket qua chain doan xac dinh la 6 dich Niu-cat-xon. Tram thu y huyen huong dan chu vat nuoi thuc hien:

- Tieu huy ga mac benh, nghi mac benh; - Tiem phong ga khoe manh trong 6 dich va khu vuc xung quanh; - Ve sinh, phun hoa chat khu trung, tuan 2 lan. Tuyet doi khong dua gia cam mac benh hoac gia cam da tiep xuc voi gia

cam benh ra ngoai 6 dich; nguoi khong co nhiem vu khong dupe di vao 6 dich; nguoi, phuong tien vao 6 dich truoc khi ra khoi 6 dich phai dupe tay trung that ky nham ngan chan viec dua mam benh ra ben ngoai; khong ban chay hoac phan tan gia cam khoi vung dich, khong vut xac gia cam chet ra ngoai moi truong.

2 . 2 . Cac bien phap x i r ly doi v&i vung dich 2 . 2 . 1 . T r o n g t r u o n g h o p xac d i n h v u n g d i c h do v i r u t t h e doc l u c cao gay r a

t h i dp d u n g cac b i e n p h a p xu ly n h u sau: - Tieu huy ngay gia cam chet, gia cam mac benh; each ly nhung con gia

cam khoe manh trong dan de cham soc nuoi duong hoac giet mo tieu thu tai cho; - Su dung vac xin Niu-cat-xon phong benh cho dan ga; - Doi voi dan ga chan nuoi quy mo nho chua mac benh nhung nam trong

pham vi 6 dich: to chuc nuoi each ly tai cho; tang cuong cham soc nuoi duong; khuyen khich giet mo de tieu thu tai cho;

- Doi voi dan gia cam chan nuoi tap trung voi so luong Ion nam trong pham vi 6 dich, nhung chua mac benh thi cho phep giet mo tai co so do co quan- thu y cap tinh chi dinh;

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- Ve sinh, tieu doc khu trung: Doi tuong tieu doc gom tat ca cac vat dung, thiet bi chan nuoi, phuong tien

van chuyen co tiep xuc voi gia cam bi benh; chuong trai nuoi gia cam benh; noi lam chet gia cam va noi tieu huy gia cam...

- Ve sinh co gioi: Thu gom chat thai, phan rac d noi nuoi nhot gia cam bi benh de dot hoac chon; rua nen chuong, dung cu chan nuoi bang nuoc xa phong; phan rac thu gom phai duoc dot hoac chon u, khong duoc thai ra ngoai moi truong.

- Ve sinh bang hoa chat: Sau khi ve sinh co gioi, de kho va tien hanh phun hoa chat khu trung len toan bo nen, tuong va mai cua chuong nuoi, dung cu chan nuoi, loi di lai, bai chan tha...l lan/ngay va lien tuc trong 7 ngay; tien hanh ve sinh tieu doc khu trung moi truong trong vong ban kinh 3 km tu diem co dich; phun thuoc khu trung cac phuong tien ra vao khu vuc co dich.

Nguoi tham gia qua trinh xu ly, tieu huy gia cam mac benh Niu-cat-xon phai su dung bao ho lao dong phu hop va ve sinh tieu doc khu trung ca nhan khi ket thuc cong viec.

2. 2.2. T r o n g t r u o n g h o p 6 d i c h d u o c xac d i n h l a do v i r u t t h e doc l u c thap gay r a t h i dp d u n g cac b i e n p h a p xu ly n h u sau:

- Cach ly gia cam mac benh, to chuc cham soc nuoi duong nang cao sue khoe cho dan gia cam;

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- To chuc dieu tra, giam sat dich tren dan gia cam cua ca thon; - Su dung vac xin Niu-cat-xon phong benh cho dan ga; - Nghiem cam viec van chuyen, buon ban gia cam benh trong pham vi 21

ngay tinh tu ngay cuoi cung dan gia cam mac benh duoc xu ly. 2 . 3 . Ve sinh, tieu doc k h i r t r u n g * Tai 6 dich: thuc hien tieu doc tai 6 dich nhu phan 2.2.1 * Vung xung quanh 6 dich:

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To chuc ve sinh tieu doc khu trung chuong trai, dung cu chan nuoi, bai chan tha, noi buon ban gia cam song, co so giet mo, che bien gia cam... tranh tiep xuc voi vung dich, rac voi bo 6 duong lang, ngo xom.

Nguoi thuc hien phun thuoc khu trung can duoc huong dan ky thuat va co trang bi bao ho.

2 . 4 . Kiem soat van chuyen k h i co dich Kiem soat chat che viec van chuyen gia cam, san pham gia cam ra, vao

vung dich. Tai cac chot kiem dich phai co du phuong tien va hoa chat sat trung de xu ly moi doi tuong ra khoi vung co dich.

Gia cam khoe manh duoc phep van chuyen trong cac truong hop sau: J r 7

- Nhung dan gia cam khoe manh duoc phep giet mo, tieu thu trong pham vi xa; - Nhung dan gia cam cua co so chan nuoi tap trung voi so luong Ion duoc

phep van chuyen bang cac phuong tien chuyen dung den thang co so giet mo do Chi cue Thu y chi dinh. Viec van chuyen phai co su giam sat cua co quan thu y dia phuong;

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- Gia cam nuoi trong cac co so an toan dich doi voi benh Niu-cat-xon duoc phep van chuyen, tieu thu binh thuong trong pham vi tinh.

3. Cong bo het dich va chan nuoi tro* lai 6* cac co so da co djch xay ra 3 . 1 . Cong bo h i t dich

Tat ca dan ga trong dien phai tiem phong thuoc vung dich, vung bi dich uy hiep da duoc su dung vac xin phong benh Niu-cat-xon va da co mien dich;

Da qua 21 ngay ke tu ngay con ga cuoi cung bi chet hoac bi tieu huy, khong co con ga nao khac bi mac benh hoac bi chet vi benh Niu-cat-xon;

Da thuc hien ve sinh, khu trung tieu doc 2 lan/tuan lien tuc trong 2 tuan doi voi ho chan nuoi, co so chan nuoi da bi dich, vung co dich;

Chi cue Thu y cap kiem tra xac nhan da du dieu kien cong bo het djch theo quy dinh va co van ban de nghi cong bo het dich.

3.2. D i e u kien chan n u o i trd l a i Da thuc hien ve sinh, khu trung, tieu doc; De trong chuong trong thoi gian toi thieu la 21 ngay. Truoc khi nuoi tro lai, co

so chan nuoi phai duoc ve sinh, phun thuoc tieu doc khu trung truoc khi nuoi; Ga dua vao nuoi tro lai phai ro nguon goc, da duoc su dung vac xin phong

benh Niu-cat-xon theo quy dinh; Sau khi nuoi tro lai, can phai giam sat chat che, lien tuc trong vong 40 ngay

de de phong mam benh tai xuat hien va gay benh tro lai. Trong qua trinh thuc hien, neu gap vuong mac cac dia phuong, don vi

phan anh kip thoi ve co quan thu y de phoi hop giai quyet./."

N f f i n h a n : - Bo Nong nghiep va PTNT; I (de bao cao) - U B N D TP; 1

- U B N D cac huyen, quan; - Phong Chan nuoi; - Chi cue Thu y; - TT K N K N ; - Luu: V P , T Y .

KT. GIAM DOC

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