ChuanhoaBDDC

Bo co chun ho bn a chnh

1

Phn i. Chun ho bn a chnh

I. Nhu cu v ni dung ca chun ho bn a chnh I.1. nhu cu chun ho bn a chnh

Trong x hi hin i, cng ngh thng tin c mt vai tr quan trng trong vic thu thp v

qun l thng tin. qun l cc d liu c tnh khng gian (c v tr a l), ngi ta s dng H

thng Thng tin a l (Geographic Information System - GIS) qun l. Mt trong nhng vn

ln khi qun l, trao i thng tin l thng tin cn phi c chun ha. Chun ho l cng

vic l cn thit khi ngi dng GIS mun tch hp h thng ca mnh vi cc phn cng khc,

vi cc phn mm GIS khc nhau v cc ngun d liu khc nhau. Chun l cn thit khi trao i

d liu trn mng, to kh nng truy nhp d liu s c phn b cc v tr a l khc nhau,

chia s d liu gia cc c quan, cng ty, thm ch gia cc nc.

inh hng Tng cc a chnh xy dng mt H thng thng tin t ai thng nht ton

quc. c th c mt CSDL a chnh thng nht tch hp t cc CSDL a chnh con ti cc

S a chnh, Tng cc a chnh phi c cc chun chung.

Trong bt k mt CSDL c a vo s dng chung u phi tin hnh chun ho d liu.

C nh vy vic khai thc d liu mi c th chia s cho nhiu i tng s dng, vic hin chnh

d liu t nhiu ngun mi m bo tnh thng nht. CSDL ti nguyn t ai c thit lp trn

c s tp hp d liu thu thp t cc n v thuc Tng cc a chnh v cc s a chnh cp

tnh. Ngoi ra cn thm mt s d liu t cc ngun cc c quan iu tra c bn khc. Ngi s

dng rt a dng t ngnh a chnh c trung ng v cc cp a phng, t cc c quan qun l

Nh nc, t cc b ngnh khc, t cc t chc trong nc v ngoi nc, t cc i tng l c

dn c nhu cu. Trong khung cnh nh vy vic chun ho d liu, h thng thit b, t chc

qun l phi rt thng nht.

C s d liu bn a chnh l mt c s d liu quan trng trong CSDL ti nguyn t,

mt trong by CSDL quc gia trong chng trnh cng ngh thng tin ca Nh nc. c th

tch hp v trao i d liu gia cc CSDL quc gia vi nhau, cn thit phi xy dng chun ho

cho tng CSDL thnh phn.

Hin nay tp hp d liu ca ngnh a chnh kh ln. Mt phn dng truyn thng trn

giy, mnphn dng s nh trong nhiu nh dng (format) khc nhau, mt phn dng

thng nht theo nh hng ca Tng cc a chnh. Vn t ra l phi xem xt bin php

nh chun v chun ho d liu nh th no thu c mt CSDL thng nht. Cc vn cn

gii quyt nh sau:

Xc nh chun d liu thng nht cho bn a chnh.

Xy dng quy trnh thng nht chuyn cc d liu c v dng chun nh; xy dng

quy trnh thng nht v thu thp d liu c c cc d liu chun.


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I.2. Ni dung chun ho bn a chnh

Ni dung chun ho bn a chnh bao gm nhiu thnh phn. Mi thnh phn chun

ho th hin cho mt lnh vc lin quan n bn a chnh. C th chun ho bn a chnh

bao gm cc thnh phn sau:

Chun v d liu bn (Cartography Data Standard)

Chun v d liu bn qui nh cch thc ( m hnh d liu ) v ni dung ca bn a

chnh khi lu tr trong c s d liu. Chun v d liu bn bao gm hai qui nh chun ho :

chun v m hnh d liu v chun v ni dung d liu.

Chun v m hnh d liu dng m t cch thc m t v lu tr cc i tng bn di

dng s (digital) trong c s d liu. Chun v m hnh d liu (Data model Standard) bao gm

: Xc nh m hnh d liu ph hp lu tr bn a chnh trong c s d liu v chun

ho v la chn v phn loi cc i tng cn lu tr trong c s d liu bn a chnh.

Chun v ni dung d liu l chun m t nhng i tng no cn thit lu tr trong c s d

liu, cch phn loi, nhn dng, ni dung ngha ca tng loi i tng ny ng thi cng

m t c th v quan h gia cc i tng v d liu thuc tnh cn phi c ca tng i

tng.

Chun v th hin bn (Cartographic Represetation Standard)

Chun v th hin bn (Cartographic Represetation Standard) nhm chun ho cch trnh

by, hin th bn a chnh dng s hoc dng analog.

Chun v th hin bn di dng analog ( in ra phim, giy, diamat hoc cc vt liu khc)

c qui nh da trn cc qui nh v k hiu v cch th hin bn trong qui phm.

Chun v th hin bn di dng s c qui nh rng hn, thch hp vi kh nng hin

th ca cc phn mm c s dng v tnh logic ca s liu di dng s.

Chun v khun dng file (Data format and data exchange standard ).

Chun ho v khun dng file l chun xc nh cc khun dng (format) file vt l lu tr

bn a chnh s. Chun ny rt quan trng i vi nhng c s d liu c tnh cht dng

chung, a ngi s dng nh c s d liu bn a chnh.

Chun v khun dng d liu bao gm:

Chun v khun dng file lu tr vt l trong c s d liu.

Chun v khun dng file vt l s dng cho trao i, phn phi thng tin.

Chun ho v d liu m t CSDL (metadata) cho bn a chnh (Metadata Standard):

Metadata l cc thng tin m t v bn thn d liu trong c s d liu (d liu ca d liu).

Metadata m t v c s ton hc ca bn a chnh, cht lng d liu v cc thng tin khc

c tnh m t cho d liu a chnh lu tr trong c s d liu. Chun ho v meta data l xc nh

cc bng chun cha cc thng tin lin quan n d liu trong c s d liu m nhng thng tin

ny cn phi c in vo mt cch y khi thu thp, cp nht d liu.


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II. chun ho v d liu bn Chun v d liu bn qui nh phng php lu tr v m t d liu bn a chnh

trong CSDL (m hnh d liu ) v ni dung ca CSDL bn a chnh. Chun ho d liu bn

bao gm hai dng chun :

Chun v m hnh d liu.

Chun v ni dung d liu.

Chun v m hnh d liu dng m t cch thc m t v lu tr cc i tng bn

di dng s (digital) trong c s d liu. Chun v m hnh d liu (Data model Standard) bao

gm : Xc nh m hnh d liu ph hp lu tr bn a chnh trong c s d liu v chun

ho v la chn v phn loi cc i tng cn lu tr trong c s d liu bn a chnh.

Chun v ni dung d liu l chun xc nh nhng i tng no cn lu tr trong c s d

liu, s phn loi, cch nhn dng, ni dung ngha ca tng loi i tng ny ng thi cng

m t c th v quan h gia cc i tng v d liu thuc tnh ca chng

II.1. Chun v m hnh d liu

1. Khi nim m hnh d liu

Cc i tng ca bn a chnh c m t bng cc m hnh d liu khng gian. M

hnh d liu khng gian (spatial data model) l mt m hnh ton hc m t cch biu din cc i

tng bn di dng s.

m t cc i tng bn , hin nay tn ti nhiu m hnh d liu khng gian khc nhau.

Chun v m hnh d liu khng gian cho bn a chnh c xc nh da trn vic xem xt

cc kha cnh sau :

Tnh cht ch v mt ton hc.

Tnh ph bin, c s dng rng ri trong cc c s d liu bn Vit nan v th gii.

Th hin c cc tnh cht mang tnh c th ca bn a chnh Vit nam.

Hin ti, c mt s m hnh d liu khng gian khc nhau c p dng :

M hnh d liu VECTOR

M hnh d liu RASTER

M hnh d liu QUATREE

M hnh d liu M hnh s cao (Digital Elevation Model DEM)

2. La chn m hnh d liu cho c s d liu bn a chnh

c im ca bn a chnh l cu trc ca cc i tng n gin. i tng quan trng

nht cho lu tr cng nh tra cu, x l sau ny l tha t. Nguyn tc la chn m hnh d liu

cho c s d liu bn a chnh l m hnh ny phi phn nh c i tng tha t vi y

c im v tnh cht ca n.

Cc yu cu v qun l vi cc i tng ca bn a chnh :

ng ranh gii tha cn c qun l nh mt i tng thc s v c d liu thuc

tnh.

Tha t l mt i tng kiu vng c nh ngha bi cc ng ranh gii tha khp kn.


4

Thuc tnh quan trng nht ca tha t l din tch tha. Din tch tha s b sai lch khi

ng ranh gii tha th hin bng i tng ng khng c din tch mt d trong thc t,

ng b ny c chiu rng v c din tch. Nh vy ng ranh gii tha tha khi cn thit

cn c gn thuc tnh l rng b tha m bo khi tnh din tch tha c chnh xc.

ng ranh gii tha c th l tham gia vo ng bao ca tha t vi cc i tng khc

nh ng giao thng, thu vn.

M hnh d liu phi m t c quan h khng gian gia cc i tng tha t.

Quan h khng gian gia cc tha t rt quan trng c bit l quan h k nhau, tip gip

nhau. Quan h k nhau th hin khng ch trong CSDL Bn a chnh m cn th hin

trong CSDL H s a chnh di dng cc ch s dng k cn. Quan h k nhau cn l cn

c php l xc nh quyn s dng t ca ch s dng.

Tha t l i tng bn chnh tham gia vo qu trnh bin ng t ai. Tha t c th

bin ng v mt hnh hc : bin dng, chia tha, tch tha hay bin ng v mt thuc tnh

nh thay i v loi t, mc ch s dng, ch s dng.v.v. Khi bin ng, nhng thay i

trn mt tha s nh hng n cc tha ln cn.

CSDL bn a chnh c c im l khi lng d liu rt ln, m hnh d liu c kh nng

ti u ho v lu tr.

Xut pht t nhng yu cu trn ca bn a chnh, m hnh d liu Vector Topology

(Vector Topology Data Model) l m hnh ph hp nht m t cc i tng bn a chnh

trong c s d liu.

i vi cc i tng a hnh : im cao, ng bnh , khng cn thit phi dng m

hnh s cao DEM m t m ch coi chng nh nhng i tng im v ng c gn gi

tr cao.

Tuy nhin chng ta xem xt n 2 c im na ca CSDL bn a chnh :

CSDL bn a chnh l CSDL c cc dng ngi s dng rng ri v a dng: t nhng c

quan trong Tng cc a chnh n cc B ngnh khc thm ch n c nhng ngi dn bnh

thng. Phn ln cc ngi dng u ch cn hoc ch c quyn tra cu nhng thng tin c

sn trong CSDL ch khng lin quan n x l thng tin.

CSDL bn a chnh c tnh phn tn. Cc CSDL a chnh cho tng tnh c hnh thnh

v tp trung ti cc tnh. Trn trung ng ch qun l cc thng tin c tnh v m. Cch t

chc thng tin nh vy dn n phng thc truy nhp thng tin s qua mng cc b ti a

phng, trn mng din rng ca ngnh ( INTRANET) hoc trn mng din rng cng cng

(INTERNET). Giao din truy cp thng tin ch yu s l WEB.

Vi 2 c im trn, m hnh d liu Topology khng thc s thch hp v trong m hnh ny

cc i tng vng ( tha t , ng, sng .v.v.) khng c m t tng minh. i vi cng vic

tra cu, thng tin cng tng minh cng tt v i vi d liu khi trao i trn mng, i tng

cn trao i cng t thng tin ph cng tt. gii quyt vn ny, M hnh d liu vector

Spaghetti (Spaghetti Data Model) t ra thch hp hn c.

T nhng phn tch trn, chun v m hnh d liu bn a chnh c la chn nh sau:


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p dng c 2 m hnh d liu TOPOLOGY v SPAGHETTI cho c s d liu bn a

chnh.

D liu trong c s d liu chnh c m t bng m hnh VectorTopology. D liu m t

bng m hnh Spaghetii l d liu dn xut, c to ra t d liu m t bng m hnh

Topology.

Cc i tng c m t bng m hnh Topology c s dng cho cc ng dng cc b

thuc v chuyn ngnh a chnh ca S a chnh nh cp nht bn , x l bin ng t

ai.

Cc i tng m t bng m hnh Spaghetti c s dng cho cc ng dng v tra cu

thng tin v cc ng dng phn phi thng tin trn INTRANET, INTERNET.

3. Ni dung ca chun m hnh d liu

Thng tin ca cc i tng bn bao gm:

Thng tin v v tr khng gian (Spatial data)

Thng tin v quan h khng gian (Relational Spatial data)

Thng tin thuc tnh, phi khng gian (Attribute data)

Trong cc m hnh d liu khng gian, cc i tng bn c qui v 4 kiu i tng hnh

hc c bn:

im (Point). V d : mc a gii, mc qui hoch

ng (Line). V d : ng ranh gii tha, knh 1 nt

Vng (Polygon, Area). V d : tha .ng

Ch thch, m t (Annotation, Text). V d : s hiu tha, tn ph

Ngnh a chnh

Bo tr, cp nht d liu X l d liu

Tra cu d liu Phn phi d liu

Chuyn i m hnh

Ngi dng cui

CSDL BC M hnh Topology

CSDL BC M hnh Spaghetti


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3.1. M hnh d liu vector Spaghetti

Thng tin v v tr khng gian

i tng kiu im

Cc i tng thuc kiu im c m t nh sau :

Id: ch s ca i tng ( ch s lin kt )

i tng kiu ng

Cc i tng thuc kiu ng c m t nh sau :


( ){ }yxId ,,

( )[ ]{ }2;,1;,, = nniyxId ii

42

x

y

X

Y

Bng d liu thuc tnh

Ch s Tn ... 42

File ta im

Ch s X Y 42

Ch s lin

Ch s lin

58

X

Y

im to

Bng d liu thuc tnh Ch s

Tn rng

58

File ta ng

Ch s Dy to (x,y)

58

Ch s lin

Ch s lin

21


7

i tng kiu vng

Cc i tng thuc kiu ng c m t nh sau :


Thng tin v quan h khng gian

Cu trc m t thng tin v quan h khng gian khng c m t mt cch tng minh

trong m hnh d liu vector Spaghetti. Cc mi quan h ny c suy ra t v tr to ca cc

i tng. iu ny c ngha l chng ta cn phi c cc thut ton v xy dng cc cng c

phn mm c c cc quan h khng gian gia cc i tng. y chnh l nhc im ln

nht ca m hnh vector spaghetti.

3.2. M hnh d liu vector Topology

M hnh d liu vecor topology l mt m hnh dng m t trn vn cc thng tin ca cc

i tng khng gian bao gm:

Thng tin v v tr khng gian (Spatial data): Thng tin c th hin theo m hnh vector,

bng cc ta m t v tr, hnh dng, ng bin ca cc i tng.

Thng tin v quan h khng gian (Relational Spatial data Topology). M hnh d liu

Topology th hin quan h khng gian di 3 kiu quan h l:

Lin thng vi nhau: th hin di dng file ng - im ni (ARC _ NODE)

K nhau: th hin di dng file m t ng bao (ARC_POLYGON)

Nm trong, ph nhau.

Thng tin v thuc tnh: Thng tin ny c m t di dng cc bng quan h theo m hnh

CSDL quan h.

( ) ( ) ( )[ ]{ }nnii yxyxnniyxId ,,;3;,1;,, 11 =

72

X

Y

im to

Bng d liu thuc tnh

Ch s Tn Din tch

72

File ta ng bao

Ch s Dy to (x,y)

72

Ch s lin

Ch s lin


8

S lin h gia thng tin khng gian v thng tin thuc tnh c thc hin qua ch s xc inh (

Identifier)

Thuc tnhCh s lin ktTo

Thng tin v v tr khng gian

i tng kiu im ( Point)

10

5

5 10x-axis

Ch s lin kt

82 82

Ch s lin kt

File to im

X,Y

y-axis

Cc i tng a l ch c mt v tr n, c lp s c phn nh nh i tng kiu im

D liu khng gian: nh ngha bi mt cp to ( x,y).

D liu thuc tnh: c th hin bng mt bn ghi tng ng trong bng quan h thuc tnh ca

im.

i tng kiu ng ( Line)

116

Ch s lin kt

File ta ng

Cp to 10

5

5 10x-axis

116

im

Ch s lin kt

Nt

y-axis

Cc i tng a l c dng tuyn, hoc mng s c phn nh nh i tng kiu

ng.

D liu khng gian: c m t di dng 1 dy cc cp to . Mt ng bt u v kt thc

bi im giao (Node). di ng c nh ngha bng to .

Quan h khng gian ca cc i tng kiu ng c th hin qua quan h lin thng vi nhau.

Quan h lin thng c m t cu trc ARC_NODE.

i tng kiu vng ( Area, Polygon)


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Cc i tng a l l mt vng lin tc c xc nh bi mt ng bao c phn nh

nh mt i tng kiu vng.

116

Ch s lin kt

F ile to ng

Cp XY

21

Ch s lin kt

F ile to im

X,Y

5 10

21

ng

im nhn

Ch s xc nh vng

21

Ch s ng

File vng

Danh sch ng

145

116,145

x-axis

y-axis

D liu khng gian: d liu khng gian ca cc i tng vng c nh ngha l mt tp

cc i tng ng nh ngha ng bao v mt im nhn. Mt im nhn nm trong mt i

tng vng v c ngha xc nh cho vng ny.

D liu quan h khng gian: quan h khng gian ca cc i tng kiu ng c th hin qua

quan h k nhau. Quan h ny c m t theo m hnh ARC_POLYGON.

Thng tin v quan h khng gian

M hnh Topology dng cc quan h khng gian nh ngha cc c tnh khng gian

ca cc i tng.

Cc quan h khng gian Cc c tnh khng gian

Mi mt ng (arc) c im bt

u v kt thc ti im nt (node).

di ca ng.

Hng ng (Directionality).

Cc ng (arc) ni vi nhau ti cc

im nt (node).

Tnh ni nhau (Connectivity)

Cc ng (arc) ni vi nhau to

thnh ng bao ca vng

(polygon).

Din tch vng, chu vi vng

Cc ng tham gia nh ngha vng

c hai bn : phi v tri.

Tnh k nhau hoc tnh lin tc.

(Adjacency or contiguity)

M hnh ng-im nt (Arc-node topology)

M t quan h khng gian v tnh lin thng (Connectivity)


10

1

2

34

76

3

1 2

4 5

7

65

ARC# FNODE#

File ng - Nt

TNODE#

File to ng

ARC# X,Y PAIRS

1234567

2113336

1435467

1234567

x,y x,y x,y

M hnh ng-im nt (Arc-node topology) nh ngha mi quan h gia cc i tng ng

v im nt. Cu trc ca mi quan h ny cho php ngi s dng xc nh c c tnh quan

trng l hng v tnh ni nhau. Phn ln cc php phn tch a l u cn nhng c tnh ny.

Hng : Hng c nh ngha t im nt u (from-node) v im nt ti (to-node).

Tnh ni nhau (Connectivity) Cc ng c ni nu s hiu ca im nt u hoc cui trng

vi s hiu u hoc cui ca ng khc.

Vng phi v tri (Left and right polygons) Vng phi v tri ca ng c xc nh theo di

chuyn t im nt u n im nt ti. Vng phi ca ng s l ch s ca vng bn ph phi

dhi chuyn, vng tri l ch s vng pha bn tri.


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M hnh Vng-ng (Polygon-arc topology)

M t quan h khng gian v tnh k nhau hoc lin tc (Adjacency or contiguity)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

3

1

4

6

2

5

ARC# LPOLY# RPOLY#

Danh sch Tri/phi Danh sch ng

ARC# X,Y PAIRS

POLY# ARC#

Danh sch Vng-ng

125436

1,9,101,0,2,3,4,55,6,8,923,7,8,104,6,7

12345678910

1222263351

2436556513

12345678910

M hnh Vng-ng (Polygon-arc topology) nh ngha mi quan h gia cc i tng ng

vi i tng vng m cc ng ny to nn ng bao ca vng. Cu trc ca mi quan h ny

cho php ngi s dng xc nh c c tnh quan trng ca vic nh ngha vng v tnh k

nhau (adjacency). Hu ht cc php phn tch a l u i hi nhng c tnh ny.

Tnh k nhau (Adjacency) Cc ng to nn ng bao vng c s dng chung bi 2 vng k

nhau ( vng phi v vng tri ng).

nh ngha vng (Area definition) Mt tp cc ng ni nhau theo vng s nh ngha ng

bao ca mt vng. Trong ng bao ca mt vng, cho php tn ti cc vng nm trn trong gi

l o (island).


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4. p dng chun m hnh d liu D liu lu trong c s d liu phi m bo tnh Topology ca chng. Yu cu ny c xem

xt n khi s ho hay khi chnh sa bn a chnh s.

S liu bn s phi c kim tra v sa li theo yu cu ca m hnh

topology

ng ranh gii tha to thnh ng bao tha lun m bo tnh khp kn tuyt i v to

.

Cc ng ranh gii tha khng c php giao nhau, phi lun ct nhau ti u hoc cui

ng ( ti im nt NODE)

ng ranh gii tha cn phi c qun l nh mt i tng c lp v c th gn rng

tha. Khi mt ng ranh gii c nhiu on c rng khc nhau cn thit phi tch ra

thnh cc ng i tng khc nhau.

Cc i tng vng khp kn ( tha t) phi c m t theo m hnh d liu Topology,

khng m t cc cc i tng hnh hc dng vng. Tha t c xc nh bng danh sch

cc ng ranh gii tha to nn ng bao khp kn v mt im nhn tha c trng cho

tha t.

C s d liu chnh ca bn a chnh phc v phn tch v x l s liu ( thc hin qu

trnh bin ng ) phi c lu tr v qun l bng cc phn mm m t d liu bng m hnh

Topology nh v d nh FAMIS, ARCINFO, MGE.

Sai Sai ng

Sai ng

0. 0.3

Sai

0. 0.3

ng


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Sau khi file bn a chnh sa li xong, phi chy BUILD to Topology cho cc tha t

v gn d liu thuc tnh cho ng ranh gii tha t, tha t.

m t d liu bn , ngoi file ho th hin ng nt bn cn phi c file m t

topology ca cc i tng bn . V d nh file DGN v file POL trong phn mm FAMIS.

Qu trnh chnh l bin ng cho bn a chnh c thc hin trn c s d liu ca m

hnh Topology.


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II.2. chun v ni dung c s d liu bn a chnh

Khi nim chung

Chun v ni dung CSDL bn a chnh xc nh ni dung ca CSDL. Chun ny xc nh

v m t nhng i tng bn lu tr trong c s d liu, s phn loi, cch nhn dng, ni

dung ngha ca tng loi i tng ny ng thi cng m t c th v quan h khng gian vi

cc i tng khc v d liu thuc tnh ca chng

Chun v ni dung CSDL bn a chnh bao gm :

Bng m t phn lp i tng hay phn lp thng tin (layer, class). Phn lp thng tin l s

phn loi logic cc i tng ca bn s da trn cc tnh cht, thuc tnh ca cc i

tng bn . Cc i tng bn c phn loi trong cng mt lp l cc i tng c

chung mt s tnh cht no . Cc tnh cht ny l cc tnh cht c tnh c trng cho cc

i tng. Cc i tng a l trong bn a chnh cng c phn thnh cc lp thng

tin. Vic phn lp thng tin nh hng trc tip n nhn bit cc loi i tng trong bn

s.

M t k thut ca cc i tng. Trong m t k thut, tng i tng trong CSDL c m

t rt chi tit, c th nh m, lp (level), chnh xc, cc quan h khng gian v cc d liu

thuc tnh. M t k thut cc i tng c s dng nh mt tp tra cu hng dn y

nht cho cc dng ngi s dng t ngi vo s liu cho n ngi tra cu, s dng d liu.

Chun v Phn lp thng tin

2.1. Nguyn tc nh chun ni dung c s d liu

Trc khi i vo m t mt bng phn lp thng tin ca bn a chnh c th, cn a ra

mt s nguyn tc nht nh trong qu trnh xy dng chun ho cc lp thng tin. Sau y l

mt s nguyn tc chung khi nh chun v phn lp thng tin ca bn a chnh:

Phn lp thng tin c k tha theo bng phn loi cc i tng bn trn bn a

chnh trong qui phm ca Tng cc a chnh ban hnh.

Cc i tng trong mt lp thng tin thuc vo mt loi i tng hnh hc duy nht: im

(point), ng (polyline), hoc vng (polygon).

Nguyn tc phn lp thng tin: Mi lp thng tin ch th hin mt loi i tng (Object). Cc

i tng c cng chung mt s c im tnh cht nht nh c gp thnh lp i tng

(Object Class). Cc lp i tng c gp li thnh cc nhm i tng (Category). Mi mt

i tng c gn mt m s thng nht. M ca kiu i tng gm .

Qui tc t m lp thng tin:

Mi mt lp thng tin c mt m duy nht.

Trong mt nhm lp thng tin, m ca cc lp c nh s lin tc.

Qui tc t tn ca lp thng tin: Tn ca lp thng tin c t theo kiu vit tt sao cho d

dng nhn bit c l lp thng tin no.


15

2.2. Ni dung Bng phn loi cc i tng trong CSDL bn a chnh

Sau y l bng phn loi cc i tng bn a chnh trong c s d liu. Cu trc bng

gm cc ct:

Phn nhm chnh

Lp i tng

i tng

M s : m i tng di dng s.

Ch s lp trong Microstation : ch s level trong phn mm Microstation c gn cho mi

loi i tng.

D liu thuc tnh : m t cc d liu thuc tnh ca i tng lu trong c s d liu.

Quan h gia cc i tng : m t quan h v khng gian, thuc tnh vi cc i tng

khc.

STT trong QP : s th t ca i tng trong Quyn K hiu bn a chnh t l 1/500,

1/1.000, 1/2000, 1/5000 do Tng cc a chnh ban hnh nm 1999.


16

Bng phn loi cc i tng bn a chnh

Phn nhm chnh

Lp i tng

i tng

M* a hnh

M* Level (Micro Station)

D liu thuc tnh

Quan h gia cc i tng

STT Qui Phm

im cao, ta im Nh nc im thin vn 112 KN1 6 Tn, cao 1 khng ch KN im ta Nh nc 113 KN2 6 S hiu im, cao 2

K im cao Nh nc 114 KN3 6 cao 4 im khng ch trc a im cao k thut 114-5 KT1 7 cao 5 KT im ta a chnhI, II KT2 8 S hiu im, cao 3 im khng ch o v, im trm o 115 KT3 8 6 Ghi ch s hiu im cao 114-6 KT4 9 Tha t Ranh gii tha t ng ranh gii tha t TD1 10 rng b tha 8

T TD im nhn tha ( tm tha) TD2 11 S tha, Loi t, Din tch, to nhn tha

Nm trong ng bao tha.

K hiu v tr ni c rng hoc rng thay i, ghi ch rng

TD3 12 Bt im u hoc cui ca cnh tha, song song vi cnh tha.

30

Ghi ch v tha TD4 13 53 Nh, khi nh Tng nh NH1 14 Cng vi ranh gii tha to thnh nh

khp kn. 9

N im nhn nh NH2 15 Vt liu, s tng, to nhn, kiu nh (*1)

Nm trong ng bao nh 53

K hiu tng chung, ring, nh tng NH3 16 10 Ghi ch v nh NH4 16 Cc i tng i tng im c tnh kinht (*2) 516 QA1 17 16-25 im quan trng i tng im c tnh vn ho (*2) 514 QA2 18 16-25 Q i tng im c tnh x hi (*2) 513 QA3 19 16-25 Giao thng ng st ng ray 401 GS1 20 rng ng 26a G GS Ch gii ng GS2 21 L ranh gii tha 26b ng t, ph Phn tri mt, lng ng, ch thay i

cht liu ri mt 415 GB1 22 27a

GB Ch gii ng GB2 23 L ranh gii tha 27b Ch gii ng nm trong tha GB3 24 Khng l ranh gii tha 27b ng theo na t l (1 nt) 423 GB4 25 Ni vi l ng 29b K hiu v tr ni c rng hoc rng

thay i, ghi ch rng 429 GB5 26 Bt im u hoc cui ca l ng,

song song vi l ng. 26d, 29c


17

Cu 435 GB6 27 Ni vi l ng 31 Tn ng, tn ph, tnh cht ng 456 GB7 28 51.52 Thu h ng nc ng mp nc 211 TV1 30 C nh hoc khng c nh 33a T TV ng b 203 TV2 31 L ranh gii tha 33b,c Knh, mng, rnh thot nc 239 TV3 32 L ranh gii tha 34 ng gii hn cc i tng thu vn

nm trong tha TV4 33 Khng tham gia vo to tha 33b

Sui, knh, mng na t l (1 nt) 201 TV5 34 rng Ni vi ng b, knh mng 34c K hiu v tr ni c rng hoc rng

thay i, ghi ch rng, hng dng chy

218 TV6 35 33d,e

Cng, p 243 TV7 36 Nm ngang qua knh, mng 35 ng mt 244 TD1 37 36b TD ng gii hn chn TD2 38 L ranh gii tha 36a na t l (1 nt) TD3 37 C th l ranh gii tha 36c Ghi ch thu h TG Tn sng, h, ao,sui, knh, mng 245 TG1 39 a gii a gii quc gia Bin gii QG xc nh 601 DQ1 40 D DQ Bin gii QG cha xc nh 602 DQ2 40 Mc bin gii QG, s hiu mc 603 DQ3 41 Tn mc Lin quan vi ng bin gii a gii tnh a gii tnh xc nh 604 DT1 42 C th ly t a gii QG DT a gii tnh cha xc nh 605 DT2 42 - nt - Mc a gii tnh, s hiu 606 DT3 43 Tn mc Lin quan vi ng a gii tnh a gii huyn a gii huyn xc nh 607 DH1 44 C th ly t a gii QG, tnh DH a gii huyn cha xc nh 608 DH2 44 - nt - Mc a gii huyn, s hiu 609 DH3 45 Tn mc Lin quan vi ng a gii huyn a gii x a gii x xc nh 610 DX1 46 C th ly t ng a gii QG, tnh,

huyn

DX a gii x cha xc nh 611 DX2 46 - nt - Mc a gii x, s hiu 612 DX3 47 Tn mc Lin quan vi ng a gii x Ghi ch a danh DG Tn a danh, cm dn c 549 DG1 48 Qui hoch Ch gii ng qui hoch QH1 50 Q Mc gii qui hoch QH2 51 S phn vng Phn vng a danh VQ1 52

V Phn vng cht lng VQ2 53 Phn mnh bn VQ3 54 H to ,t l,s hiu mnh C s h tng Mng li in CS1 55 (Tu chn) Mng thoi nc ti CS2 56 C Mng vin thng, lin lc CS3 57 Mng cung cp nc CS4 58


19

Ghi ch, gii thch :

(*1) Bng cc kiu, loi nh ( s c s dng trong trng Kiu nh trong

bng thuc tch ca i tng kiu Nh)

i tng Phn loi Tn kiu nh M kiu nh

Nh, khi

nh

Nh t NH1 Nh t NH11

N Nh c tnh kinh t Ch NH21

NH2 Ngn hng NH22

Nh cng cng Trng hc NH31

NH3 Bnh vin NH32

Nh x hi Nh UBND NH41

NH4 Doanh tri b i NH42

(*2) Bng phn loi kiu i tng im. Mi mt i tng im tng ng

vi mt k hiu (cell) trong MicroStation

i tng Tn Tn k hiu

im kinh t ng khi nh my QA1NM

QA1 Trm bin th QA1BT

Ct in QA1CD

Vi phun nc QA1PN

Cc i tng khc QA1KH

im vn ho n, miu QA2DM

QA2 Thp c QA2TC

Chi thp cao QA2CTC

Tng i QA2TD

Bia m, m c QA2MC

Cc i tng khc QA2KH

im x hi Ngha a QA3ND

QA3 Trm x, bnh vin QA3TX

Cc i tng khc QA3KH


20

3. 3. 3. 3. p dng chun Bng phn lp thng tin

Xc nh ng cc i tng trn bn a chnh giy tng ng bn a

chnh s. Trong bng phn loi cc i tng trn, ct s th t trong qui phm l tham chiu

gia cc i tng ca bn a chnh giy v bn a chnh s.

Cc i tng ng ch tham gia vo mt lp thng tin. Nh vy i vi cc ng nt tham

gia vo nhiu hn mt loi i tng, i hi phi c tch ra thnh cc lp khc nhau tng

ng vi lp thng tin m n m t. iu ny thng xy ra i vi cc i tng nh :

ng a gii hnh chnh chy theo a vt.

Cc ng gii hn h thng giao thng ng thi l ranh gii tha.

Cc ng gii hn h thng thu vn, iu ng thi l ranh gii tha.

Cc ng nt khi tham gia vo 2 i tng phi c sao chp thnh 2 ng trng kht nhau v

mt to , mi mt ng tham gia vo 1 loi i tng khc nhau, lu cc level khc nhau,

mu sc, k hiu c th khc nhau. (Xem hnh di )

Cc i tng trong bn a chnh s c lu theo ng qui nh trong bng

phn lp. Cc i tng bn trong c s d liu phi tun th :

Nm ng level hoc layer theo qui nh.

Tun theo cc k hiu v kiu ng v mu sc c qui nh

Gn d liu thuc tnh cho cc i tng c thuc tnh.

Cn xy dng b cng c trn cc phn mm s ho hin ti nh MicroStation cho ngi s

dng, trnh cc sai st, lm ln.


21

Tha

Tha

Ng

ng i Ph

Ph

Knh

Ng

Rnh Tha

Tha

ng i

Rnh

Knh

Rnh

Rnh

Bn a chnh trn giy

Bn a chnh s lu trong c s d liu

Tha Giao Thu vn


23

Ni dung ca bn a chnh c qui nh trong qui phm thnh lp bn a chnh v

K hiu bn a chnh.

Chun v ni dung CSDL bn a chnh xc nh ni dung ca CSDL. Chun ny m t

nhng i tng no c lu tr trong c s d liu, s phn loi, cch nhn dng, ni dung

ngha ca tng loi i tng ny ng thi cng m t c th v quan h gia cc i tng v

d liu thuc tnh ca chng.

Chun v chi tit k thut

3.1. Ni dung chun chi tit k thut

Phn chi tit k thut ca c s d liu m t rt chi tit tng i tng trong c s d liu

bn a chnh. Mi mt i tng c m t trn mt trang. Phn ny l ti liu chnh

ngi dng c s d liu bn a chnh c mt cch hiu su sc, r rng v ton din v cc

i tng trong c s d liu.

Cu trc ca trang m t i tng bao gm :

Danh mc cc i tng Ngy thnh lp ti liu

Nhm i tng M nhm Tn phn nhm chnh

Lp i tng M lp Tn lp i tng

nh ngha

nh ngha tn ca i tng c m t

M i tng Phin bn C gi tr t ngy

M i tng s hiu phin bn Ngy bt u chun c gi tr

M t M t c im, tnh cht v cc c tnh v k thut ca i tng.

Phn nh trong c s d liu Phn nh tnh y ca i tng trong ton b c s d liu. i tng c th c phn nh y hoc ch c phn nh ti mt vng hay trong nhng mt iu kin c bit no . Phn nh hnh

hc cao chnh xc Level

Kiu i tng hnh hc dng phn nh i tng (im, ng, vng, m t)

C/khng c gi tr cao

chnh xc ca s liu cm, dm, m

Level lu tr i tng trong file DGN


24

chnh xc hnh hc Ch ra chnh xc ca i tng v mt hnh hc, chnh xc ph thuc vo d liu ban u v cc phng php dng s ho i tng

M t cu trc M t m hnh d liu p dng m t v lu tr i tng trong c s d liu. Trong trng hp mt i tng c m t bng nhiu m hnh d liu khc nhau, phn ny cng nu r trng hp no th s dng m hnh d liu no v l do. Phn ny cng M t cc mi quan h khng gian ca i tng vi cc i tng khc.

Phng php thu thp M t cc phng php c th c s dng thu thp d liu ca i tng vo c s d liu.

3.2. Ni dung chun chi tit k thut

Hon chnh Ti liu chi tit k thut ca cc i tng trong CSDL bn a chnh gm

khong 60 trang.

Th nghim ti liu chi tit k thut, ly kin ng gp t cc n v, S a chnh trong

Tng cc a chnh

Hiu chnh, ban hnh bn chnh thc.


25

III. CHun v th hin i tng bn (cartographic

reprentation standard) Chun ho v th hin bn (Cartographic Represetation Standard) nhm chun ho

cch trnh by cc i tng bn s trn cc thit b dng s hoc cc vt liu lu tr dng

analog nh giy, phim. Trong c s d liu, bn s khng ch thun tu l mt s sao chp li

ca bn giy. Trn bn giy, cc i tng bn c th hin bng ngn ng c bit,

gi l ngn ng bn v c xem xt nh mt h thng k hiu c trng ring. Khi chuyn

sang di dng bn s, ngn ng bn vn ng mt vai tr quan trng cho vic th hin

cc i tng bn analog qua cc thit b ra nh my in, my v. Chun v th hin bn

cn phi c da trn cc qui nh v k hiu v cch th hin bn trong qui phm.

Chun v th hin bn di dng s.

Chun v th hin bn di dng analog.

III.1. chun ho th hin cc i tng bn di dng s

Ni dung chun ho th hin bn di dng s bao gm :

Chun ho v th vin k hiu (Symbol Library): Mi mt i tng kiu im tng ng vi

mt kiu k hiu nht nh trong th vin. Hnh dng k hiu c thit k da theo qui phm

qui nh.

Chun ho v th vin kiu ng (Line Style Library): mi mt i tng kiu ng tng

ng vi mt kiu ng nht nh trong th vin. Hnh dng kiu ng c thit k da

theo qui phm qui nh.

Chun ho v th vin mu t (Pattern Library): mi mt i tng kiu vng tng ng vi

mt mu t nht nh trong th vin. Hnh dng mu t c thit k da theo qui phm qui

nh.

Chun ho v th vin kiu font ch (Font Library): mi mt i tng kiu ch tng ng vi

mt font ch v kch thc ch nht nh trong th vin. Cc font trong th vin dng b font

chun ABC ca Ban cng ngh thng tin quc gia. i vi mt s font ch cn phi to

thm, cc font ny vn tun theo m chun ca b ABC.

Chun ho v cc lp thng tin i vi tng ni dung bn chuyn khc nhau.

III.2. chun ho th hin cc i tng bn di dng analog

Ni dung chun ho th hin bn di dng analog bao gm :

Chun v ni dung cc lp thng tin c hin th theo mi chuyn . V d bn a

hnh, bn a chnh, bn hin trng s dng t.

Chun v th t in ra cc lp thng tin (mc u tin khi in ra ). V d : th t in trong bn

a chnh l : thu vn, giao thng, ranh gii tha.

Chun v cch hin th cc lp thng tin. V d : Khi in bn a chnh, nu ranh gii tha

trng vi ng mp nc th khng in ra. Khi in bn a hnh, nu ng ranh gii hnh

chnh trng vi a vt, hin th ranh gii theo tng on v 2 pha ca a vt.


26

Chun v ni dung cc loi bn chuyn

V nguyn tc, ngi s dng c th ly bt c mt tp hp cc lp thng tin bt k t c s

d liu to thnh bn chuyn cho ring mnh. Tuy nhin lm c iu ny, ngi s

dng phi hiu rt r ni dung ca c s d liu v c ton quyn v truy nhp d liu. Khng

phi ngi s dng cng c c hiu bit nh vy v tnh bo mt d liu khng cao. V vy,

chun v cc loi bn chuyn nhm a ra mt s bn chuyn chung nht c ni

dung c xc nh. Chun ny s c hon thin dn qua qu trnh khai thc thng tin. Sau

y l mt s bn chuyn ly ra t c s d liu bn a chnh :

Bn a chnh.

Bn hin trng s dng t.

Bn qui hoch th.

Cc s , h s tha t.

Chun v th t in ra cc lp thng tin (mc u tin khi in ra )

Trong trng hp c nhiu i tng trng lp, chun s qui nh lpn thng tin no c in

trc, lp no c in sau hay khng in ra.

Chun v cch hin th cc lp thng tin.

Cc lp thng tin khi in ra cc vt liu lu tr lu di nh phim, giy, diamat hon ton tun

th theo cch th hin m qui phm qui nh, bao gm cc chun v k hiu, mu sc,

knh thc, dy ca ng nt, font ch.

X l cc i tng trc khi in ra (ch bn).

p dng chun v th hin bn

p dng chun trnh by bn bao gm :

Ban hnh chnh thc cc file th vin chun v k hiu, kiu ng ca bn a chnh.

Xy dng v ban hnh cc cng c tr gip chun ho v trnh by :

Cng c truy nhp thng tin cho cc bn chuyn t CSDL bn a chnh.

Cng c to cc hnh thc hin th c bit : vut ui chut, hin th khi trng nhau.

Xy dng cc file cu hnh in chun i vi tng loi phn mm khc nhau : Microstation,

AutoCad, IPLOT .v.v.


27

IV. Chun v khun dng d liu (format Data Standard) V.1. gii thiu cc chun chung

Forrmat d liu l yu t c bit quan trng trong vic trao i thng tin gia cc ngi dng

khc nhau trong cng h thng v gia cc h thng vi nhau.

Nguyn tc chn la khun dng d liu cho CSDL bn a chnh :

Chn nhng format c kh nng biu din y cc loi i tng.

Chn nhng format c cng b ( tnh m ).

Chn trong nhng format ang c s dng l cc chun trao i thng tin bn ph

dng..

Ph hp vi cc h thng phn mm GIS ang c s dng trong ngnh a chnh ni

ring v cc B ngnh khc ni chung.

Khng cng nhc, tu tng loi d liu c th v mc ch s dng c th dng cc format file

thch hp.

Chun v khun dng d liu bao gm hai thnhphn chun:

Chun khun dng d liu cho lu tr trong CSDL.

Chun khun dng d liu khi trao i, phn phi d liu.

Sau y, chng ta xem xt mt s chun v format d liu chnh c th c s dng trong

c s d liu bn a chnh

Chun format d liu ca Vin Nghin cu cc h thng v mi trng M (Environmental

Systems Research Institute ESRI USA). ESRI l hng xy dng phn mm ARC/INFO v l mt

trong nhng hng dn u v cng ngh GIS.

Chun format d liu ca hng Integraph. Integraph l mt trong nhng hng dn du th

gii v cc phn mm nh s v cng ngh GIS. Chun ca Integraph l Standard Interchange

Format SIF. Format c pht trin trao i d liu gia Intergaph v cc h thng khc. SIF

tr thnh mt trong nhng chun ph bin trao i d liu hin nay.

Chun format d liu ca hng AutoDesk M. AutoDesk l hng xy dng phn mm

AutoCAD rt ph dng hin nay. Format d liu DXF ca AutoDesk lun l format trao i ca

phn ln cc h thng GIS hin nay trn th gii.

Chun format d liu ca hng MAPINFO, USA. Format Mapinfo Interchange Format ca

MAPINFO l file ASCII, m t cc i tng di theo m hnh SPAGHETTI, cho php lu d

liu ho (trong file MIF) v d liu thuc tnh (MID).

Mt cng ngh mi, tin tin c a vo cc h thng GIS hin nay l cng ngh khng

gian (Spatial Technology). Cng ngh khng gian s dng cc h qun tr c s d liu ln nh

INFORMIX, ORACLE, MS SQL qun l d liu bn v thuc tnh. Cng ngh khng gian

xy dng mt tp cc php ton khng gian bng cc lnh SQL chun. Khun dng d liu ca

cng ngh ny cng c xem xt l mt chun v format d liu. Hin nay tn ti hai format d

liu chun l :

SDO - Spatial Data Option . Chun c pht trin bi ORACLE, M.


28

SDE - Spatial Data Engine . Chun c pht trin bi ESRI, M.

V.2. xc nh chun cho CSDL bn a chnh

1. Chun format d liu lu tr trong c s d liu

Yu cu ca format d liu lu trong c s d liu l phi th hin cc i tng bn theo

m hnh topology. Da trn yu cu ny, chun khun dng d liu lu tr trong c s d liu l:

File ho DGN v file topology POL ca phn mm FAMIS.

File ho DGN v file topology SIF ca phn mm GIS Office ( Intergraph)

Coverage ca phn mm Arc/Info (ESRI)

2. Chun khun dng format d liu phc v cho trao i, phn phi d liu

Chun khun dng format d liu phc v cho trao i, phn phi d liu c th trc tip l

cc khun dng file c nu trong chun cho lu tr nhng c bn vn l cc chun trao i

c s dng rng ri nh DGN (Famis), DXF (AutoCad), SHAPE (ArcView), SIF (Integraph)

3. Chun khun dng format d liu phc v cho tra cu, hin th trn mng

Chun format d liu phc v tra cu, hin th d liu trn my n hoc trn cc mng cc

b LAN, mng din rng INTRANET hoc mng cng cng INTERNET l cc khun dng tng

thch vi cc h thng c ng dng qun l v phn phi d liu trn mng nh : Geomedia Web

Map (Intergraph), ArcIMS, SDE ( ESRI), SDO (Oracle)

File thuc tnh ca cc i tng bn a chnh c m t di dng m hnh d liu

quan h. Format file m t d liu thuc tnh ca cc i tng bn a chnh l MDB ca

ACCESS v Database ca ORACLE l file m t d liu thuc tnh ca cc i tng bn a

chnh.

p dng chun v khun dng d liu

p dng chun v khun dng d liu bao gm :

Xc nh chun lu tr c s d liu chnh thc ca bn a chnh DGN v POL ca

FAMIS, SDO ca ORACLE, SIF ca Intergraph

Xy dng v ban hnh cc cng c cho php chuyn i t format d liu lu trong CSDL

chnh thc sang cc dng format khc nh DXF, SHAPE .v.v.


29

V. CHun ho MetaData VI.1. Khi nim Meta Data

Meta Data l D liu ca D liu, iu ny c th hiu Meta Data l mt d liu ch dn cho

bit phn d liu a l ang c trong c s d liu: do ai lm, lm bng cng ngh no, ai kim

tra cht lng, lm thi gian no, nm trang h to no, v.v. Trong cc c s d liu truyn

thng cc d liu kiu Meta Data khng cn thit bng nhu cu i vi cc CSDL a l. i vi

cc d liu a l, ngoi d liu c m t bng v tr a l ngi ta cn phi bit tng tn v

cc yu t sau:

chnh xc cc v tr a l trong CSDL c th hin qua cc thng tin: c quan thc hin,

cng ngh thc hin, chnh xc thit b (loi thit b thc hin), thi gian thc hin, tham s

h quy chiu.

C s php l ca d liu a l c th hin qua cc thng tin: c quan thc hin, bin gii -

a gii chnh thc hay tm thi, d liu c xc nhn cht lng cp no, mc c

th tip cn cc d liu chi tit hn.

Ngoi ra ngi s dng cn c th mun bit thm mt s thng tin chi tit khc c lin quan:

Tn khu vc a l ca d liu, gii hn to ;

M t chung v cc iu kin a l ca khu vc;

Ni lu tr s liu ngun v kh nng tip cn s liu ngun;

Cc d liu khc c lin quan.

Thi gian thit lp cc Meta Data v chnh xc v c s php l;

VI.2. Ni dung Meta Data

Ni dung ch yu ca Meta Data bao gm cc thnh phn sau:

Tn tp hp d liu a l (cc tn khc, tn rt gn)

M t chung tp hp d liu ia l:

Tm tt ni dung;

Mc tiu ca vic u t lm d liu;

Cc c quan s dng d liu;

Ngn ng trong d liu;

H quy chiu ca d liu;

Cc d liu a l khc c lin quan;

C quan qun l d liu ngun.

chnh xc d liu:

Mc tiu phc v ca d liu ngun;

Cng ngh, thit b thnh lp d liu;

chnh xc c tnh cho cc yu t a hnh, a vt;

H quy chiu, h to ca d liu:

Ellipsoid quy chiu;

im gc to ;


30

Li chiu phng;

H thng to c s;

H thng cao c s;

Mi lin h to cao vi cc h thng gp;

Thi gian thc hin d liu;

C s php l ca d liu:

C quan thc hin d liu;

Qu trnh kim tra - nghim thu d liu;

C quan thc hin xc nhn cht lng sn phm;

Tnh php l ca a gii quc gia;

Mc c th tip cn cc d liu chi tit.

Cc s liu c lin quan:

Tn khu vc a l;

To gc ca khu vc (Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax);

cao khu vc (Hmin, Hmax);

Cc n v hnh chnh thuc khu vc a l;

M t iu kin a l chung ca khu vc;

Cc d liu khc c lin quan;

Ni dung bn :

M t cc thng tin thuc tnh c th tra cu c;

M t h phn lp thng tin bn ;

Cc k hiu bn .

VI.3. chun ho meta data

Vi ni dung Meta Data nh nu trn vic chun ho Meta Data l cn thit ngi dng

c th tra cu c cc thng tin hu ch. Hin nay ngi ta vn dng 2 loi cng c thit lp

cc Meta Data: mt l t chc di dng mt CSDL n gin gm mt s bng khng c quan

h, v hai l t chc di dng mt trang Web tra cu. Vn chun ho t ra y khng

phi l cu trc d liu, khun dng d liu m l ni dung d liu phi c nhng g.

Chun ho Meta Data th hin di dng cc form chun m t cc thng tin lin quan

n d liu trong c s d liu m nhng thng tin ny cn phi c in vo mt cch y

khi vo hoc cp nht s liu.

Chun meta c thc hin bng cch :

Xc nh cc form chun cn phi in y khi giao np sn phm v ban hnh

Xy dng chng trinh qun l Metadata di dng CSDL ca ACCESS cho php : nhp

s liu, tra cu s liu v Metadata. Cc sn phm c giao np di dng s u phi c

file Metadata km theo.


31

Phn II. Chun ho bn a chnh bng phn mm FAMIS

I. phn mm FAMIS cng c chun ho I.1. Gii thiu phn mm FAMIS

Trong x hi hin i, cng ngh thng tin c mt vai tr quan trng trong vic thu thp v

qun l thng tin. qun l cc d liu c tnh khng gian (c v tr a l), ngi ta s dng H

thng Thng tin

Phn 2: Chun ho bn a chnh bng Phn mm FAMIS

h tr cng vic thu thp d liu ban u v chun ho bn a chnh, Tng cc a

chnh ban hnh b phn mm chun xy dng CSDL Bn v H s a chnh ban u gm

2 phn mm c bn l FAMIS v CADDB. Phn mm Tch hp o v v xy dng bn a

chnh ( Fieldwork And cadastral Mapping Integrated System - FAMIS ) l mt phn mm llm vic

vi CSDL bn a chnh. Ngoi cng tc h tr xy dng CSDL bn a chnh , phn mm

FAMIS cn l mt cng c thc hin chun ho bn a chnh. Ti liu ny khng phi l

Hng dn s dng phn mm FAMIS m l ti liu hng dn thc hin cng tc chun ho bn

a chnh bng phn mm FAMIS.

Tm tt v phn mm FAMIS.

Phn mm FAMIS chy trong mi trng ca phn mm MICROSTATION.

Phn mm Microstation l phn mm v ho v thit k rt mnh, chy trong mi

trng windows 95,98,NT. Phn mm Microstation cng l phn mm nn ho cho cc cng

ngh ca Integraph, hin ang c s dng rng ri trong ngnh nh : s ho v bin tp bn

Mapping offfice : IRASB, IGEOVEC,..; x l nh s, qui hoch, h thng thng tin a l (GIS

Office) .

Phn mm FAMIS cung cp mt qui trnh cng ngh khp kn t khu x l s liu sau khi

o c cho n khu cui cng hon chnh mt bn a chnh v cc ti liu k thut lin quan

: h s k thut, trch lc .v.v.

Phn mm FAMIS qun l d liu bn a chnh s theo dng chun ca Tng cc a

chnh qui nh, l c s thc hin qu trnh qun l bin ng sau ny.

I.2. ni dung chnh ca chun ho bn a chnh

Cc thnh phn trong ni dung chun ho ca bn a chnh

Chun v d liu bn (Cartography Data Standard). Chun v d liu bn qui nh

cch thc v ni dung ca bn a chnh khi lu tr trong c s d liu


32

Chun v m hnh d liu. Chun v m hnh d liu (Data model standard) dng m t

cch thc th hin v lu tr cc i tng bn di dng s (digital) trong c s d liu: Xc

nh m hnh d liu ph hp v chun ho v la chn v phn loi cc i tng cn lu tr

Chun v ni dung d liu. Chun v ni dung d liu (Data content andard) l chun xc

nh cc i tng cn lu tr trong c s d liu, s phn loi, cch nhn dng, ni dung ngha

ca tng loi i tng, quan h khng gian v d liu thuc tnh.

Chun v th hin bn (Cartographic Represetation Standard). Chun v th hin bn

(Cartographic Represetation Standard) nhm chun ho cch th hin cc i tng bn ra cc

thit b ra khc nhau

Chun v th hin bn di dng s

Chun v th hin bn di dng analog

Chun v khun dng file (Data format and data exchange standard )

Chun v khun dng file lu tr

Chun v khun dng file trao i, phn phi thng tin

Chun ho v metadata cho bn a chnh (Metadata Standard). Meta Data l D liu

ca D liu , Meta Data l d liu m t cc thng tin lin quan n d liu ang lu tr trong

CSDL.

M t chung v d liu: C s ton hc, tn, gii hn a l

chnh xc, cht lng d liu

C s php l ca d liu

Ni dung ca CSDL bn

Sau y ti liu s trnh by chi tit p dng cc chun bng phn mm FAMIS.


33

II. chun ho m hnh d liu trong phn mm FAMIS FAMIS qun l d liu bn a chnh theo m hnh Toppology. M hnh topology ca

bn a chnh c th hin trong phn mm FAMIS nh sau.

Ii.1. phn loi i tng hnh hc

Cc i tng ca bn a chnh c qui v 4 dng i tng hnh hc c bn :

Kiu im. Cc i tng bn di kiu im c th hin trong file ho DGN di

dng k hiu tng ng gi l CELL. B th vin k hiu CELL chun l KyHieuDC.CEL c

ban hnh km theo phn mm FAMIS.

Kiu ng. Cc i tng kiu ng trong bn a chnh c chia lm 2 loi :

Cc i tng kiu ng l ng bao ca cc i tng kiu vng: ng ranh gii tha,

l ng b, ng b, chn .v.v.

Cc i tng dng ng c tnh cht m t thun tu : gii hn lng ng, ng mp

nc .v.v.

Cc i tng kiu ng c th hin trong phn mm FAMIS di dng cc line,

linestring theo cc kiu ng nh ngha trong file th vin kiu ng chun DuongDC.RSC.

Kiu vng : tha t v cc i tng hnh tuyn c din tch : giao thng, thu vn. Cc i

tng kiu vng khng c th hin tng minh trong file ho DGN. Cc i tng kiu vng

c m t theo m hnh topology lu trong file topoloy POL.

Kiu m t. Cc ch m t ca bn a chnh th hin di text, textstring tun theo

chun ting Vit v kch thc, kiu ch qui nh trong qui phm.

Ii.2. M hnh topology trong phn mm FAMIS

M hnh Topology trong phn mm FAMIS dng m t cc i tng vng. i tng

dng vng quan trng nht ca bn a chnh cng nh h s a chnh l tha t.

Cc i tng vng khp kn ( tha t) phi c m t theo m hnh d liu Topology,

khng m t cc cc i tng hnh hc dng vng. Tha t c xc nh bng danh sch cc

ng ranh gii tha to nn ng bao khp kn v mt im nhn tha c trng cho tha t.

Cc tha t c nh ngha t cc ng ranh gii tha (b tha).

Mi mt tha t c mt nhn tha di dng mt cell. Nhn tha ny dng lin kt tha

t vi d liu thuc tnh v cc php tra cu theo tha t u c chn theo nhn ny.


34

116

Ch s lin kt

ng ranh g i i tha(L ine, L ine string lu trong file DGN )

Cp XY

21

Ch s lin kt

im nhn tha( Cell lu trong file DGN)

X ,Y

5 10

21

ng

im nhn

Ch s tha

21

Ch s ng

Tha t(M t trong file POL)

Danh sch ng

145

116,145

x-axis

y-axis

Ii.3. Qui trnh to m hnh Topology cho tha t.

D liu lu trong c s d liu phi m bo tnh Topology ca chng. Yu cu ny c

xem xt n khi s ho hay khi chnh sa bn a chnh s.S liu bn s phi c kim

tra v sa li theo yu cu ca m hnh topology

ng ranh gii tha cn phi c qun l nh mt i tng c lp v c th gn

rng tha. Khi mt ng ranh gii c nhiu on c rng khc nhau cn thit phi tch ra

thnh cc ng i tng khc nhau. thc hin, cn kt hp 2 chc nng Chia cnh tha

v Gn rng ng trong hp hi thoi To Topology ca phn mm FAMIS.

ng ranh gii tha to thnh ng bao tha lun m bo tnh ni v to thnh ng

bao khp kn cho tha t tuyt i v to .

Sai Sai ng

0. 0.3

Sai

0. 0.3

ng


35

Cc ng ranh gii tha khng c php giao nhau, phi lun ct nhau ti u hoc cui

ng ( ti im nt NODE)

Chng trnh FAMIS cung cp hai modul cho php chnh sa li ny l MRFCLEAN v

MRFFLAG.

Modul MRFCLEAN chc nng pht hin cc ch giao nhau ca cc ng v nhng nt

khng ni vo ng no c. Chc nng cho php t to cc im nt ( ct ) ti cc im giao

nhau v nh du li cc nt khng bt vo u.

Modul MRFLAG c chc nng ln lt hin th tng v tr li, cho php ngi dng chnh

sa cc li ny bng cc cng c ca Microstation.

Ngoi ra c nhng dng c th l li cn khc phc nhng cha c xc nh chnh xc

cn c s r sot li ca con ngi. V d nh :

Li tha nh. Trong qu trnh s ho, rt c th ngi s ho to ra nhng tnh hung c

th pht sinh nhng i tng vng rt b, tuy ng logic nhng phi thc t.

kim tra li ny, cn chy chc nng Kim tra tha nh trong FAMIS pht hin cc

ng ranh gii tha c di rt nh ( to thnh cnh cc tha nh). FAMIS s nh du vo

u cc ng ranh gii tha ny, sau ngi dng dng modul MRFFLAG hin th v sa

cha li.

To Topology. To Topology l chc nng t ng xy dng cc i tng tha t t cc

ng ranh gii tha c. Khi mt tha t c nh ngha, FAMIS t to mt im nhn tha

trng tm tha t.

Trong qu trnh to topology, din tch tha t t ng c tnh. Cc d liu trc ca

tha t l s hiu bn , s hiu tha, loi t ( nu c ) s c gi nguyn.

Sai ng

Li tha

Gn rng cho b tha Chia cnh tha ( nu cn) Gn rng

Chnh li giao nhau, khng ni nhau Tm li bng MRFCLEAN


36

Qui trnh to Topology cho bn a chnh


37

III. chun ho v ni dung bn a chnh s trong

phn mm FAMIS Phn lp cc i tng bn a chnh c qui inh trong Qui phm thnh lp bn

a chnh do Tng cc a chnh ban hnh nm 1999. Cc phn lp cc i tng da trn m

i tng v level lu tr ca i tng trong file DGN ca Microstation.

III.1. xc nh ng i tng

Khi s ho hoc chnh sa bn a chnh s, vn u tin v xc nh ng cc ng

nt trn bn a chnh giy tng ng vi i tng no bng phn lp cc lp thng tin ca

bn a chnh s. Ct s th t trong qui phm ca bng phn lp ch ra s tng ng gia

cc i tng ca bn a chnh giy v bn a chnh s.

Khi s ho cc i tng bn a chnh, thng gp trng hp mt ng nt th hin

trn bn thuc nhiu i tng khc nhau. Trong Quyn K hiu bn a chnh cc i

tng ngoi tn ca n cn c ch thch (l ranh gii tha), v d nh ch gii ng, ng b,

chn .v.v. Trong CSDL bn a chnh, ng nt ca cc i tng khc nhau phi tch ri

nhau. C ngha l, trn bn giy, mt ng c th c hiu nh thuc v 2 i tng khc

nhau ( v d ch gii ng ng thi l ranh gii tha) nhng trong CSDL, cn phi c hai ng

khc nhau, mi mt ng thuc v mt i tng no , mc d v mt to cc ng ny

hon ton trng kht ln nhau. Cc ng ny s c phn bit qua level, mu sc, kch thc,

kiu ng qui nh trong bng phn lp thng tin.

Khi thu thp thng tin a chnh ban u, phn mm FAMIS cung cp mt cng c cho

php ngi s dng khi s ho bn a chnh , i vi cc ng nt tham gia vo 2 i tng

bn (tha t v cc i tng hnh tuyn c din tch khc), ch cn s ho mt ln.

Qui trnh thc hin nh sau :

S ho cc ng ranh gii tha v cc ng nt khc vo cng mt lp. Lp ny nn

vo cc level cha s dng (1-5, 59-63) trong bng phn lp thng tin v hin ti cha dng cho

bt k i tng no trn bn .

To Topology cho cc i tng vng t cc ng ranh gii tha.

ng k cc i tng vng khng phi l ranh gii tha theo cng mt s hiu c bit

9990 : t giao thng

99901 : t thu li

99902 : Sng sui


38

Dng chc nng Tch vng tch ring tng loi i tng c bit theo level qui nh

trong Bng phn lp thng tin

S ho tt c cc ng nt bn vo 1 lp

To topology cho cc vng trn ton bn

Tch vng ra cc i tng ring bit : Tha t Giao thng Thu vn

ng k cc i tng vng t bit : giao thng, thu vn


39

Tha

Tha

Ng

ng i Ph

Ph

Knh

Ng

Rnh Tha

Tha

ng i

Rnh

Knh

Rnh

Rnh

Bn a chnh trn giy

Bn a chnh s lu trong c s d liu

Tha Giao Thu vn


40

III.1. phn lp ng i tng

Cc i tng bn lu di dng s phi thun th theo bng phn lp thng tin

c ban hnh trong Qui phm thnh lp bn a chnh do Tng cc a chnh ban

hnh nm 1999. Ct level trong bng phn lp thng tin chnh l level lu tr cc i

tng bn trong file DGN c qun l bi phn mm FAMIS trong mi trng ho

Microstation.

Theo cu trc file DGN cc i tgn bn c phn lp theo cc yu t sau :

Level ca i tng. Phn ln cc i tng quan trng u c phn lp theo ch

s level ny. DGN cho php c ti a 63 level t 1 n 63.

i vi cc i tng c cng mt ch s level ( ch yu v cc i tng kiu im),

yu t phn bit cc i tng l tn ca k hiu ( Cell name). Tn k hiu thit k

trong FAMIS chnh l m ca i tng trong Bng phn loi. V d i tng ct in

biu din bng cell c tn l QA1CD.

t ng ho xc nh level, k hiu, mu sc cho tng i tng bn khi s ho,

chnh sa bn a chnh, FAMIS c cung cp cc chc nng sau y :

Chn cc i tng cn s ho theo bng qun l i tng do FAMIS a ra bng

chc nng trong FAMIS. Cu trc bng

qun l i tng tng t nh bng phn lp thng tin. Khi ngi s dng chn mt

i tng no l i tng hin ti x l t bng Qun l i tng, cc yu t

ho hin ti ca Microstation (level, kiu, mu) lp tc thay i theo.

Cc i tng kiu k hiu t ng xc nh level, mu sc, kiu, kch thc ( theo

t l bn ) bng chc nng trong

FAMIS. FAMIS cung cp mt s kiu t k hiu c bit theo quanh h vi cc i

tng khc nh :

K hiu tng nh chung, ring lun t vung gc vi cnh tng

K hiu cu, cng t theo quan h vi cc i tng nh l ng.


41

Cc i tng kiu ch c t ng xc nh level, mu sc, font ch, kch thc (

theo t l bn ) bng chc nng trong FAMIS


42

IV. chun ho v trnh by bn a chnh trong

phn mm FAMIS Chun v trnh by bn a chnh c xy dng tun theo cc qui nh trong

quyn K hiu bn a chnh t l 1:500; 1:1000; 1:2000; 1:5000 do Tng cc a

chnh ban hnh 1999.

IV.1. Cc th vin chun trong FAMIS

chun ho trnh by ( hin th, in ra ) bn a chnh bng phn mm

Microstation, FAMIS cung cp cc b th vin chun km theo. Sau y l m t cc th

vin chun ca FAMIS

Th vin v k hiu (Symbol Library) . Th vin k hiu l b th vin cell ca

Microstation c xy dng ring bit cho cc i tng kiu im ca bn a

chnh. B th vin k hiu c tn l KyHieuDC gm hai file KyHieuDC.CEL v

KyHieu.CDX. File th vin ny c ban hnh km theo phn mm FAMIS v khi lm

vic c lu trong th mc lm vic ca Microstation l

\win23app\ustation\wsmod\default\cell.

Th vin v kiu ng (LineStyle Library) . Th vin kiu ng l b th vin

linestyle ca Microstation c xy dng ring bit cho cc i tng kiu ng ca

bn a chnh. B th vin kiu ng c tn l DuongDC.RSC. File th vin ny

c ban hnh km theo phn mm FAMIS v khi lm vic c lu trong th mc

lm vic ca Microstation l \win23app\ustation\wsmod\default\symb.

Th vin v kiu ch (Font Library) . Th vin kiu ch l b th vin font ca

Microstation c xy dng ring bit cho cc ch m t bng ting Vit trn bn

a chnh. B m font ch tun theo cc chun ABC v c ly vo t cc truetype

font ABC mi trng Window. Th vin font ch ny ch lu cc font c ch nh

quyn K hin bn a chnh. Nu ngi s dng mun s dng thm cc loi font

khc, cn phi a cc font cn thit vo th vin bng chc nng install font ca

Microstation. B th vin kiu ch c tn l VNFontDC.RSC. File th vin ny c

ban hnh km theo phn mm FAMIS v khi lm vic c lu trong th mc lm vic

ca Microstation l \win23app\ustation\wsmod\default\symb.

IV.2. chun ho trnh by cc i tng bn

Kch thc cc i tng bn khi trnh by trong FAMIS u c qui v theo

kch thc tht ( theo mt). V vy kch thc hin th cc i tng bn ph thuc vo

t l bn v tham s v n v lm vic ( working unit) ca Microstation.


43

Bng tham s kch thc cho i tng kiu im

T l bn Cell Scale Worrking unit l cm

Unit : m Subunit 100/1 Worrking unit l mm

Unit : m Subunit 1000/1 1/500 0.5 5

1/1.000 1 10 1/2.000 2 20 1/5.000 5 50

1/10.000 10 100 1/25.000 25 250

FAMIS cung cp cc cng c chun ho kch thc cc i tng bn khi s ho

ln bn a chnh s. Cc chc nng ny m t trong phn trc Chun ha ni

dung bn bn a chnh bng FAMIS :

Cc i tng kiu ng, t ng xc nh level, kiu ng, kch thc, mu sc.

Dng chc nng trong FAMIS.

Cc i tng kiu im, t ng xc nh level, k hiu, kch thc, mu sc. Dng

chc nng trong FAMIS.

Cc i tng kiu ch, t ng xc nh level, font ch, kch thc, mu sc. Dng

chc nng trong FAMIS.

T ng to khung bn a chnh gc v bn a chnh theo ng qui phm.

Dng chc nng trong FAMIS.

IV.3. chun ho khi in bn ra cc thit b lu tr lu di

i vi bn a chnh, cch trnh by khi in ra cc thit b lu tru lu di nh

phim, giy, diamat tng i n gin. Tuy nhin do tnh cht CSDL ca bn s, khi in

ra bn s trn giy, cn quan tm n cc vn sau :

Chun v th t in ra cc lp thng tin (mc u tin khi in ra).

Chun v cch hin th cc lp thng tin c tnh cht trng lp.

Xy dng cc file cu hnh in chun.

Cc thao tc in n bn a chnh c thc hin bng modul in PLOT ca

Microstation hoc IPLOT ca hng INTERGRAPH.

Chun v th t in ra cc lp thng tin (mc u tin khi in ra) c th hin di dng

file PenTable TBL ca modul PLOT. Tu tng loi bn c th, ngi s dng c

th t thit k ly ni dung file Pen Table ca mnh. File Pen Table cho php ngi s

dng t mc d u tin khi in ra cho tng loi i tng theo level (proccessing order)

v kiu hin th khi in ra (output actions). Hin ti phn mm FAMIS c mt file Pen


44

Table c thit k in ra bn a chnh theo qui nh ca Qui phm v trnh by

bn . hiu r hn v Pen Table tham kho thm ti liu v Microstation.

Hin th cc lp thng tin c tnh cht trng lp. i vi cc thng tin c tnh cht

trng lp c th xy ra hai trng hp. Trng hp th nht : cng mt ng nt c

th in li nhiu ln. i vi my v bng bt v, cch in lp li nhiu ln c th to ra

cc ng nt m hn cc ng nt khc. Tuy nhin, hin ti cc my v u dng

cng ngh phun mu v vy hin tng trn s khng xy ra m ch ch n th t

cc i tng khi in. Trng hp th hai: ng nt khi trng lp c in theo kiu

khc trnh in ln nhau. V d khi ng ranh gii khi trng ln a vt c v

sang hai bn ca a vt ny. Cch gii quyt ny bt buc ngi s dng phi x l s

liu trc khi in ra. Cng on ny c gi l bin tp bn . Do Microstation l

mt phn mm rt mnh v cc thao tc ho v vy cng tc bin tp bn bng

Microstation s nhanh chng, tin li.

Cc file cu hnh in chun. FAMIS cung cp mt s file cu hnh in chun in ra cc

ti liu k thut lin quan n bn a chnh. Cc file cu hnh INI ( plot

configuration file ) lu tr cc thng tin v kch thc giy, gii hn vng in ra, t l in

ra v mt s thng tin khc. Ngi s dng c th t to cc file cu hnh in cho tng

loi ti liu c th. Mt s cu hnh in do FAMIS cung cp l : a4hp.ini in h s k

thut, a4hpp.ini in trch lc, a3hp.ini in Giy chng nhn .v.v. File cu hnh in c

s dng khi dng modul PLOT in ra.


45

V. chun ho v khun dng d liu trong phn mm

FAMIS Chun khun dng d liu bao gm hai thnh phn :

Chun khun dng d liu khi lu tr trong CSDL.

Chun khun dng d liu khi trao i, phn phi d liu.

V.1. Chun khun dng d liu khi lu tr trong CSDL

Phn mm FAMIS c s dng xy dng v qun l bn a chnh. Cu

trc file d liu ca FAMIS tun theo cc chun m Tng cc a chnh qui nh.

Khun dng d liu ca FAMIS lu tr, x l bn a chnh theo m hnh Topology.

C s d liu bn a chnh lu trong 2 dng file:

File ho DGN ca Microstation.

File POL m t cu trc topology cho cc i tng vng ca FAMIS.

u im file d liu ca FAMIS l c tnh m. Cu trc file DGN c hng Benley

v Intergraph cng b. Vi tnh m ny. bt k h thng no cng c th truy nhp trc

tip vo file d liu do FAMIS qun l.

Cu trc file topology POL nh sau :

Thng tin m t chung v ton b file

Polygon File Header

Thng tin chung ca polygon 1

Polygon Header 1

Danh sch cc ng ca polygon 1

Arc polygon list

.............

Thng tin chung ca polygon n

Polygon Header n

Danh sch cc ng ca polygon n

Arc polygon list

Cu trc thng tin m t chung v ton b file :

typedef struct {

char MapName[20];

int MapId;

double Xmin;


46

double Ymin;

double Xmax;

double Ymax;

int nPolygons;

char Reversed[30];

} POLYGON_FILE_HEADER;

Cu trc thng tin chung ca polygon

typedef struct {

long PolygonId;

int MapId;

int ParcelId;

double Xmin,Ymin;

double Xmax,Ymax;

double XCentroid,YCentroid;

double Area;

double Perimeter;

long SoQl;

char TenCSD[30];

char DiaChi[50];

int LoaiDat;

char Mdsd[10];

int nArcs;

} POLYGON_HEADER;

Cu trc thng tin mt i tng ng thuc ng bao ca polygon:

typedef struct {

long ArcId;

int FirstNodeId;

int LastNodeId;

long NbPolygonId;

} ARC_POLYGON;

Cu trc thng tin y ca mt polygon

typedef struct {

POLYGON_HEADER PolygonHeader;

ARC_POLYGON * lpArcs;

} POLYGON_INFO;


47

V.2. Chun khun dng d liu khi trao i, phn phi d liu.

Cc khun dng d liu cho trao i phn phi thng tin trong FAMIS l cc khun

dng c dng ph bin ca cc h thng phn mm GIS. FAMIS cung cp cc chc

nng nhp/ xut d liu vi cc khun dng d liu khc nhau.

FAMIS cho php xut d liu ra cc dng file DXF (AutoDesk), MIF (MapInfo), SDO

(Oracle)

FAMIS cho php nhp d liu t cc dng file DXF (AutoDesk), MIF (MapInfo),

Coverage (ARC/INFO).

D liu thuctnh ca tha t : s hiu bn , s hiu tha, loi t, din tch, h tn

ch s dng, a chnh c nhp/xut ra di dng file quan h DBF.

Cc chc nng nhp / xut ca FAMIS c chn trn menu


48

VI. Chun ho d liu m t CSDL trong phn mm FAMIS D liu m t CSDL (metadata) l d liu cha cc thng tin lin quan n CSDL bn

a chnh nh :

M t chung v d liu: C s ton hc, tn, gii hn a l

chnh xc, cht lng d liu

C s php l ca d liu

Ni dung ca CSDL bn

FAMIS chun ho c s ton hc cho tng tnh theo qui phm qui nh, thng nht

vi CSDL bn a hnh

H to , cao Nh nc

Kinh tuyn chnh theo tng tinh

Mi chiu 3

C s ton hc trong FAMIS c th hin qua nh ngha file khi to ban u (Seed

file). Khi to mt file bn mi, ngi s dng nn dng seed file c nh ngha

trc bng FAMIS.

FAMIS qun l cht lng bn qua cc phn vng cht lng. Phn vng cht lng c

th theo mnh hoc theo mt phn vng bt k. ( xem bng phn lp thng tin).

Cc thng tin ca phn vng cht lng l:

Ngun gc v chnh xc ti liu gc.

Phng php thnh lp.

chnh xc khi s ho ( phng php s ho)

qun l d liu m t CSDL ( meta data) cn thit phi xy dng mt phn mm qun

l CSDL v metadata, d liu MetaData lu di dng file MDB ca ACCESS.

Phn mm qun l Metadata ny cn c sm xy dng v ban hnh km theo phn

mm FAMIS. D liu metadata s c giao np km vi d liu bn a chnh s.


49

Phn i. Chun ho bn a chnh........................................................1

I. Nhu cu v ni dung ca chun ho bn a chnh 1 I.1. nhu cu chun ho bn a chnh ..................................................................... 1 I.2. Ni dung chun ho bn a chnh.................................................................... 2 Chun v d liu bn (Cartography Data Standard) ............................................ 2 Chun v th hin bn (Cartographic Represetation Standard) ......................... 2 Chun v khun dng file (Data format and data exchange standard ). ............... 2 Chun ho v d liu m t CSDL (metadata) cho bn a chnh (Metadata Standard): ........................................................................................................................... 2

II. chun ho v d liu bn ..................................................................................... 3 II.1. Chun v m hnh d liu.......................................................................................... 3 1. Khi nim m hnh d liu............................................................................................. 3 2. La chn m hnh d liu cho c s d liu bn a chnh ............................... 3 3. Ni dung ca chun m hnh d liu.......................................................................... 5

4. p dng chun m hnh d liu ................................................................................ 12 II.2. chun v ni dung c s d liu bn a chnh ............................................. 14 Khi nim chung .............................................................................................................. 14 Chun v Phn lp thng tin ......................................................................................... 14 2.1. Nguyn tc nh chun ni dung c s d liu ................................................... 14 2.2. Ni dung Bng phn loi cc i tng trong CSDL bn a chnh........... 15

3. p dng chun Bng phn lp thng tin ................................................................ 20 Chun v chi tit k thut............................................................................................... 23 3.1. Ni dung chun chi tit k thut............................................................................. 23 3.2. Ni dung chun chi tit k thut............................................................................. 24

III. CHun v th hin i tng bn (cartographic reprentation standard) ............................................................................................................................... 25 III.1. chun ho th hin cc i tng bn di dng s .............................. 25 III.2. chun ho th hin cc i tng bn di dng analog....................... 25

IV. Chun v khun dng d liu (format Data Standard) .............................. 27 V.1. gii thiu cc chun chung .................................................................................... 27 V.2. xc nh chun cho CSDL bn a chnh ........................................................ 28 1. Chun format d liu lu tr trong c s d liu .................................................. 28 2. Chun khun dng format d liu phc v cho trao i, phn phi d liu 28 3. Chun khun dng format d liu phc v cho tra cu, hin th trn mng 28

p dng chun v khun dng d liu........................................................................ 28 V. CHun ho MetaData .................................................................................................. 29 VI.1. Khi nim Meta Data ............................................................................................ 29 VI.2. Ni dung Meta Data............................................................................................. 29 VI.3. chun ho meta data........................................................................................... 30

Phn II. Chun ho bn a chnh bng phn mm FAMIS.........31 I. phn mm FAMIS cng c chun ho ................................................................... 31 I.1. Gii thiu phn mm FAMIS .................................................................................... 31 I.2. ni dung chnh ca chun ho bn a chnh ............................................... 31

II. chun ho m hnh d liu trong phn mm FAMIS .......................................... 33 Ii.1. phn loi i tng hnh hc .................................................................................. 33


50

Ii.2. M hnh topology trong phn mm FAMIS ............................................................ 33 Ii.3. Qui trnh to m hnh Topology cho tha t. ...................................................... 34

III. chun ho v ni dung bn a chnh s trong phn mm FAMIS ... 37 III.1. xc nh ng i tng...................................................................................... 37 III.1. phn lp ng i tng...................................................................................... 40

IV. chun ho v trnh by bn a chnh trong phn mm FAMIS.......... 42 IV.1. Cc th vin chun trong FAMIS......................................................................... 42 IV.2. chun ho trnh by cc i tng bn ...................................................... 42 IV.3. chun ho khi in bn ra cc thit b lu tr lu di.................................... 43

V. chun ho v khun dng d liu trong phn mm FAMIS............................ 45 V.1. Chun khun dng d liu khi lu tr trong CSDL ................................................ 45 V.2. Chun khun dng d liu khi trao i, phn phi d liu. ............................... 47

VI. Chun ho d liu m t CSDL trong phn mm FAMIS................................. 48

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