Chuong 1- tin học

Phn I Tng quan v cc phn mm

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Chng 1

Cc phn mm Kin trc, Qui hoch

1. ng dng Tin hc trong thit k kin trc

Trong phn ny chng ti gii thiu mt s m hnh p dng cc phn mm vo cng tc

thit k kin trc. T cc m hnh ph thng n nhng hng tip cn mi v ang

c ng dng ti cc nc tin tin.

Xt v phng din nh hng cho sinh vin, trong gio trnh ny s tp trung vo nhng

ng dng trong tng lai thay v gii thiu cc m hnh c p dng nhiu nm trong

mi trng thit k kin trc ti Vit Nam.

1.1. M hnh truyn thng

Ti Vit nam, quy trnh thit k kin trc ph bin ti cc n v thit k nh sau:

- Kin trc s s phc tng

+ S dng cc bn v tay

+ S dng cc phn mm tr gip tm (SketchUp)

- Thit k s b

+ Lp cc bn v mt bng, mt ct, mt ng (thng s dng phn mm AutoCAD)

+ Lp cc bn v phi cnh (thng s dng phn mm 3DSMax)

- Thit k k thut thi cng

+ Trin khai cc bn v k thut (cc mt bng, mt ct, chi tit cu to...). Thng s dng AutoCAD

Vi m hnh ny, ngi Kin trc s t ng ha c cng vic v, tn dng kh nng sao chp, s dng th vin c sn nng cao nng sut lao ng. Tuy nhin, m hnh

ny xut hin nhiu nhc im khi pht trin theo nhm thit k ln, kt hp gia cc b

mn trong qu trnh thit k (nh Kin trc, Kt cu, in, nc...). c bit, m hnh ny

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

ng dng Tin hc trong Thit k xy dng

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khng tn dng c Tin hc trong cng tc qun l v vn hnh cng trnh khi a vo s dng.

1.2. M hnh BIM (Building Information Modeling)

BIM l m hnh thit k v qun l ton b cc thng tin ca ta nh trong sut vng i

ca ta nh (t tm , thit k, xy dng n vn hnh, qun l v bo tr..). Cc c im

ca m hnh BIM bao gm:

1.2.1. M hnh 3 chiu

Trong sut lch s ca ngnh kin trc v xy dng, ngi ta s dng cc bn v biu

din, qun l cc cng trnh. Phng php ny c nhng nhc im sau:

Cn nhiu bn v, nhiu gc quan st biu din mt vt th 3 chiu. S lng bn v cng nhiu, lng thng tin d tha cng nhiu v dn n nhiu li do d

liu trong cc bn v khng tng thch.

Cc bn v ny c lu li di dng cc on thng, cung trn, cc ch ch thch... Cc thng tin ny c th d dng phn tch bi con ngi nhng li rt kh

khn cho cc h thng my tnh.

Hnh 1.1 Xy dng t cc i tng 3D gip vic qun l cng trnh nht qun hn



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BIM khc phc cc nhc im ny bng cch biu din tt c cc thnh phn ca cng trnh di dng cc i tng (v d: dm, ct, tng, ca i, ca s...). Cc i tng ny

mang cc thuc tnh hnh hc (c th l 2 chiu hoc 3 chiu), chng kt hp vi nhau

biu din ton b cng trnh. i tng sau c th tch ra cc thng tin hin th cc bn v khc nhau theo cc gc quan st khc nhau. Khi i tng thay i thuc

tnh (di chuyn, quay...), cc hnh biu din trn cc bn v tng ng thay i theo.

Hnh 1.2 T cc cng trnh 3D, phn mm s t ng trin khai cc bn v k thut (mt bng, mt ct)

Hnh 1.3 Khi thay i v tr, thuc tnh trn mt m hnh 3D, cc bn v k thut cng thay i theo



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Trong khi hng tip cn truyn thng tp hp t cc bn v ring l, ngi thi cng hoc thit k phi hnh dung ra cc thnh phn ca cng trnh. BIM tip cn theo hng

ngc li to ra m hnh mm do v lu tr thng tin chnh xc hn.

Ngoi ra, vi m hnh BIM, cc i tng ph bin c xy dng sn thnh cc th vin. Ngi thit k ch cn thay i cc thuc tnh ca i tng m khng cn phi xy dng

t u nh trong cc phng php tip cn truyn thng.

1.2.2. Thi gian thc

Nh vo hng tip cn theo i tng, BIM c th m hnh ha tng i chnh xc cc

thnh phn ca mt cng trnh trong sut vng i ca cng trnh t pha thit k n xy dng v vn hnh.

Trong sut qu trnh pht trin theo thi gian, cc thnh phn ca cng trnh thay i v

tng tc vi nhau. Cc phn mm BIM m phng s thay i ny gip nng cao hiu qu ca qu trnh thit k v qun l.

1.2.3. Tng lai ca BIM

Hnh 1.4 M hnh BIM xut bi hng Autodesk: to s kt ni gia ch u t, kin trc s, k s kt cu, k s thit k h tng, nh thu.



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Vi nhng nh hng ca BIM, ngi ta hnh dung ra mt th h phn mm h tr thit k mi trong qu trnh thit k v xy dng c m phng trc tuyn, thi gian thc

vi tn gi y hp dn l "4D CAD". Nh u im nh to ra cc cng trnh cht lng

hn, vi chi ph thit k v qun l thp hn. Chng ta c th tin chc rng BIM s pht trin tr thnh cc tiu chun trong ngnh cng nghip Kin trc v Xy dng.

2. Cc phn mm s dng trong thit k kin trc

Trong phn ny, chng ti xin trnh by mt cch h thng cc phn mm ph bin c

s dng trong qu trnh thit k kin trc ca ngi Kin trc s c th xc nh c cc c im chung, u im, nhc im ca tng phn mm trong cng vic thit k

kin trc. l cc phn mm AutoCAD, 3dsmax, 3dsVIZ, ArchiCAD, Autodesk Revit,

SketchUp

2.1. AutoCAD

AutoCAD thc cht l mt phn mm CAD (Computer Aided Design) a mc ch, c phm vi s dng rt rng (t thit k xy dng, kin trc n thit k c kh, a cht...).

Do phm vi ng dng rng, AutoCAD khng c pht trin dnh ring cho cng tc thit

k kin trc. S dng AutoCAD, ngi Kin trc s ch t ng ha mt phn cng vic ca mnh (thay th bt v bi my tnh)

Trong phm vi chng ny chng ta ch phn tch ng dng ca AutoCAD trong thit k

kin trc.

2.1.1. ng dng

- Thit k mt bng

- Thit k mt ct

- Thit k chi tit

- Thit k 3D (t s dng do cht lng hnh nh khng cao)

2.1.2. u im

- Kh nng ng dng a dng

- C th p ng c tt c cc yu cu, cc th loi cng trnh (d phc tp n u)

2.1.3. Nhc im

- Thi gian thit k lu do ngi dng phi v tng on thng, cung trn, ch thch trong bn v. Mc d cc thao tc v c h tr rt nhiu bng chc nng sao chp

nhng ngi dng vn phi can thip nhiu, v nhiu bn v m t mt i tng.



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- Khng c s lin h gia cc b phn ca mt n (do khng phi l phn mm chuyn v thit k kin trc), nn phi thao tc bng tay cho tt c cc chi tit (mt

bng, mt ng, mt ct...) khi c sa i trong n. Cng do khng c s lin h

cht ch, cc n thit k s dng AutoCAD rt d mc phi li thng tin d tha v khng nht qun.

- H tr 3D km: Xt v mt m thut, kh nng din ha 3D (render) ca AutoCAD khng tt, c v nh sng ln vt liu. Do , phn mm ny t c la chn khi xy dng cc hnh nh phi cnh kin trc. iu ny bt u c ci thin cc phin

bn mi (t AutoCAD 2007). Tuy nhin, ngi s dng chuyn sang dng 3D trong

AutoCAD cn l mt qu trnh di.

Hnh 1.5 Giao din AutoCAD



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2.1.4. nh gi

AutoCAD v ang c ng dng rng ri khng ch trong Kin trc m cn trong ton

th cc lnh vc ca ngnh Xy dng. Vic s dng rng ri AutoCAD do cc nguyn nhn sau:

- Tnh trng vi phm bn quyn ti Vit Nam: Tt c cc kin trc s, k s cho n sinh vin u c th d dng mua c 1 bn AutoCAD vi gi khng qu # USD.

- Ngnh Xy dng v ang to ra suy ngh ng nht AutoCAD vi CAD (cc phn mm h tr thit k ni chung). Trn thc t c rt nhiu phn mm CAD vi chc

nng tng ng vi gi c hp l hn.

- Tm l ngi hc, ngi p dng k thut mi trong phn ng cc Kin trc s v K s Xy dng.

Theo nh gi ring ca nhm tc gi, cng tc thit k ti Vit Nam s dch chuyn dn sang s dng cc th h CAD mi (cc th h BIM). S thay i c th so snh nh vic

chuyn t thit k vi bt v tay sang s dng my tnh (c v thi gian chp nhn cng

nh hiu qu cng vic). Khi , AutoCAD khng hon ton bin mt m ng vai tr nn tng cho cc h thng BIM hin i.

2.2. 3D Studio Max & 3D Studio Viz

3D Studio Max v 3D Studio Viz l phn mm h tr thit k 3D vi kh nng dng hnh v render mnh m, cht lng hnh nh p. Ngoi ra 3D Studio Max cn c h tr bi

nhiu b render engine (di dng plugin) ca cc hng ni ting trong lnh vc ny:

Brazil, Vray, Renderman...

3D Studio Viz thc cht l phn mm m rng ca 3DMax vi mt h thng cc i tng

phc v ring cho thit k kin trc. Sau y chng ta cng tm hiu kh nng ng dung,

u, nhc im ca h phn mm ny.

2.2.1. ng dng

- Thit k phi cnh 3D

- Xy dng phim chuyn ng Animation...

- Cc plugin hin i nh Vray gip cho cht lng hnh nh kt xut bi 3dsmax c cht lng cao v rt ging vi thc t.

2.2.2. u im

- a dng trong ng dng



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- C th p ng c tt c cc yu cu, cc th loi cng trnh

2.2.3. Nhc im

- Thi gian thit k lu: Sau qu trnh thit k t mt ng, mt bng v cc mt ct trn AutoCAD, ngi dng phi s dng cc thng s kch thc ca cc bn v ny

dng ln m hnh 3 chiu trn 3Dsmax. M hnh thng l cc b mt gm cc nh

v cc mt nh ni cc nh ny. Sau khi hon thnh m hnh, ngi thit k phi tin hnh gn mu sc, vt liu cho m hnh, thit lp cc thng s nh sng din ha

m hnh thnh nh hoc phim.

- Khi sa i mt thnh phn trong m hnh, cc thnh phn khc khng c t ng thay i theo (do khng c s lin kt gia cc m hnh).

- Vic thay i cng kh khn hn nu n c s thay i t mt bng, mt ct. Khi ngi thit k phi c gng chnh sa trn m hnh ca 3Dsmax sao cho ging vi thay i trn mt bng, mt ct thit k bng AutoCAD. Qu trnh ny d pht sinh

nhiu li do khng c c ch kim tra s tng ng gia cc thay i.

Hnh 1.6 Giao din phn mm 3D Studio Max



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Hnh 1.7 Mt bc nh ni tht c v bng 3Dsmax, s dng plugin Vray, cho cht lng khng km g nh tht

2.3. ArchiCAD

Khc vi AutoCAD, ArchiCAD thc s l phn mm dnh ring cho kin trc vi kh nng kt ni gia cc b phn ca 1 cng trnh. ArchiCAD c pht trin bi mt cng ty ca

Hungary l Graphicsoft.

ArchiCAD l mt ng dng BIM. Vi ArchiCAD, ngi thit k ch vic dng 1 m hnh cho mt d n, tt c cc bn v khc (mt bng, mt ng, mt ct, chi tit, thng k...) u

c xy dng t ng t m hnh. Tuy nhin, do nhiu l do khch quan m ArchiCAD t

c ng dng trong thit k kin trc ti Vit nam.

2.3.1. ng dng

- Thit k y , hon thin mt h s kin trc, bao gm



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- Mt bng, mt ng, mt ct

- Chi tit kin trc

- Thng k vt liu

- Phi cnh 3D, animation...

2.3.2. u im

- Thng nht gia cc bn v trong cng 1 project

- Chnh sa nhanh do c s kt ni gia cc bn v v cc chi tit kin trc

2.3.3. Nhc im

- Cng ng ngi dng ArchiCAD ti Vit nam qu nh.

Hnh 1.8 Giao din phn mm ArchiCAD - Tt c cc bn v c qun l thng nht trong cng mt project

- ArchiCAD cha c i din chnh thc ti Vit nam, khng c cc hot ng qung b mnh m nh Autodesk.

- Tnh nng mnh m ca ArchiCAD da trn h thng th vin ln v y . Tuy nhin, iu ng tic nht l cha c h thng th vin ArchiCAD theo tiu chun xy



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dng v kin trc ti Vit nam. y c l l l do chnh khin cho vic p dng ArchiCAD khng c rng ri.

Hnh 1.9 T m hnh 3D, bn c th trin khai bt k mt bn v k thut (mt bng, mt ct hay chi tit cu to no)

2.4. Autodesk Revit

2.4.1. Revit l b phn mm c hng Autodesk thit k theo m hnh BIM, vi cc c im sau:

Thit k da trn i tng (object-based):

Cc phn mm quen thuc nh AutoCad cho php ngi dng v tng on thng, tng

ng cong, ghi ch... Cch tip cn ny cha tn dng ht u th ca thit k s dng

my tnh do cha c s gn kt gia cc thnh phn trong bn v, mi thnh phn kin trc c v i v li nhiu ln trong cc bn v khc nhau dn n chm v thiu nht

qun. Revit tip cn theo hng cung cp cc i tng (dm, ct, tng, ca, cu thang).

Ngi dng xc nh cc thuc tnh ca i tng.



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Thng minh:

Cc i tng c tham s. Khi ngi dng thay i tham s, i tng thay i tng ng.

Ngoi ra, cc i tng c s tng tc vi nhau trong khng gian 3 chiu (v d: Ca i c t trn tng s t ng khot l thng). Nh s tng tc thng minh ny, cc li

do ngi thit k khng hnh dung y khng gian 3 chiu s c gim thiu.

2.4.2. Di y l mt s u im ca Revit c nh sn xut lit k trong phin bn Autodesk Revit 2008.

H tr tm

T m hnh khi c (c th t v hoc nhp t cc phn mm 3D khc nh form-Z, Rhino, Google SketchUp hoc AutoCAD) ngi dng c th gn thuc tnh trn, tng,

sn cho cc b mt ca chng nhanh chng to ra cc bn thit k s b v hnh khi

ca cng trnh.

Hnh 1.10 T m hnh khi c, bn c th nhanh chng to ra m hnh 3D cng nh mt bng, mt ct cho cng trnh



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Lp mt bng tng th

Hnh 1.11 Mt bng tng th thit k trc tip t Revit

L cng c thit k kin trc, Revit h tr ti a qu trnh lp mt bng tng th ca cng

trnh: T a hnh n cc chc nng t mu v tnh ton bng .

Kim tra giao ct

Khi thit k trn bn v truyn thng, li thng gp ca Kin trc s l cc i tng giao, ct vi nhau do hnh dung khng chnh xc v khng gian 3D m bn v th hin.

Do phn mm Revit qun l cc i tng 3D nn c th d dng pht hin cc li ny,

gip gim li trong qu trnh thit k.



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Hnh 1.12 Revit t ng pht hin cu thang v ct c s giao ct

Lp bn v chi tit

Revit h tr Kin trc s trin khai cc bn v chi tit t m hnh 3D, cng vi th vin cc bn v chi tit. Mc d cc bn v chi tit ny khng theo chun bn v ca Vit nam,

nhng ngi dng hon ton c th chnh sa li v to ra th vin ca ring mnh hoc

chia s trong nhm thit k.

Khi nim khi (block) ca AutoCAD gip ngi thit k hnh thnh th vin cc chi tit

s dng li trong qu trnh thit k. Tuy nhin, cc th vin ny tnh, khng th thay i

c. T AutoCAD 2007, block c b sung thm cc tham s gip ngi dng c th thay i c mt s tnh cht chng. Revit a ra khi nim i tng c tham s (c gi l family). Cc i tng ny cho php ngi dng chnh sa khng ch kch thc m

cn v tr, s lng ca cc thnh phn thuc tnh. Trong hnh minh ha, chng ta c th thy i tng "bn n" cho php thit lp vi cc tham s: khng c gh, 4 gh, 5 gh,

10 gh ty thuc vo ng knh ca bn.



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Hnh 1.13 T cc m hnh 3D, Revit s trin khai thnh nhiu mt ct v cc bn v chi tit khc nhau.

To i tng c tham s

Hnh 1.14 i tng c tham s c th thay i s lng, cch b tr cc i tng thnh vin khi cc tham s tng ng b thay i



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. Cc tnh nng khc

Kh nng render cc bn v phi cnh ca Revit c ci thin ng k so vi AutoCAD

nh s dng render engine tin tin l Metal Ray. Nh kh nng ny, ngi dng c th trc tip to ra cc bn v phi cnh vi cht lng cao, gn vi thc t m khng cn

phi thng qua cc phn mm h tr render chuyn nghip nh 3DSMax hoc Vray.

2.5. SketchUp

Khc vi phng php tip cn n cc bn v k thut ca cc phn mm c gii thiu trn. SketchUp nhm n mt giai on quan trng nht nhng cha c ch

y : Giai on tm v s phc tng.

Hnh 1.15 SketchUp to ra cch tip cn rt t nhin, ging nh khi Kin trc s v phc trn giy

SketchUp cung cp cc cng c n gin nhng hiu qu v rt gn gi vi cc bn v

tay. Mc d thit k trn mi trng 3D, SketchUp to ra phng php tip cn t nhin

khi Kin trc s vch ra cc nt s phc ca cng trnh.



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Hnh 1.16 Cch th hin ca sketch cng to ra cm gic ging nh cc bn v tay

2.6. Cc bc s dng phn mm 3Dsmax v phi cnh

Trong phn ny, chng ti gii thiu cc bc c bn xy dng m hnh 3D v din

ha thnh nh trn 3Dsmax t cc mt bng, mt ng, mt ct c xy dng trn AutoCAD.

lm quen vi phng php tip cn BIM, trong phn ny chng ti s m t s lc

cc bc s dng 3Dsmax xy dng bn thit k ca mt cng trnh c th. Qua , bn s thy u im ca phng php tip cn t cc i tng 3D so vi s dng cc

bn v truyn thng.



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Hnh 1.17 Xut pht t cc bn v mt bng, mt ng trn AutoCAD

Hnh 1.18 Kin trc s nhp mt bng, mt ng vo 3dsmax, cn c vo dng ln cc chi tit kin trc. Bt u l tng, sn, trn



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Hnh 1.19 Sau l cc chi tit (g, pho, ca i, ca s)

Hnh 1.20 Gn vt liu, mu sc cho cc b mt



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Hnh 1.21 Cui cng, din ha m hnh thnh nh

2.7. Cc bc s dng phn mm Revit Architecture

Hnh 1.22 Hnh nh cng trnh sau khi hon tt



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Thit lp cao cc tng v h trc

Hnh 1.23 Xc nh cao cc tng, li ct

To ct, dm

Hnh 1.24 V cc ct v dm



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To mng

Hnh 1.25 V mng

To sn, mi

Hnh 1.26 V cc lp sn, m i



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To tng bao che

Hnh 1.27 V tng bao che

To ca ra vo

Hnh 1.28 V ca trn tng bao che



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To cu thang

Hnh 1.29 Xc nh v tr cu thang v cc thng s v s bc, chiu rng bc...

V cc chi tit c bit

Hnh 1.30 Ngoi cc chi tit thng thng nh dm, ct, sn, tng, Revit cng h tr thit k cc chi tit c bit



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To cc chi tit ph tr

Hnh 1.31 B sung thm cc chi tit ph tr (lan can, tay vn, n chiu sng)

3. Gii thiu phn mm qui hoch MAPINFO

3.1. GIS:

GIS (GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM) l mt h thng thng tin a l, c s

dng qun l cc i tng a l trn ton th gii, hay trong mt vng a l nht

nh, nhm phn tch cc s vt hin tng thc trn tri t. GIS vi kh nng phn tch thng k, phn tch a l, vi kh nng ny th GIS c phm vi ng dng rt rng ri trong

nhiu lnh vc khc nhau.

Thng tin v mt i tng khng gian l ht sc a dng, v mc a dng ph thuc vo mc ch nghin cu.

D liu vo gm hai dng:

- D liu khng gian

- D liu phi khng gian



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Hnh 1.32

GIS t chc d liu hp l v hon ho gip chng ta truy cp mt cch d dng, nhanh chng.

Vi cc thnh phn chnh gm c:

- Cc phn cng

- Cc phn mm

- C s d liu

- Con ngi

- Phng php

Cc thnh phn c lp vi nhau, v khng th thiu trong h thng GIS

Mc ch chung ca h thng c s dng thc hin cc nhim v nh:

- Nhp d liu

- Thao tc, x l d liu

- Qun l c s d liu

- Hi p v phn tch

- Hin th cc kt qu

Phm vi ng dng ca GIS trong cc ngnh xy dng v qun l l rt a dng.



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3.2. Phn mm MAPINFO

Phn mm c bit n nhiu nht h tr GIS chnh l phn mm MAPINFO.

Hin nay MAPINFO c rt nhiu phin bn, c pht trin rt lu v cho n nay mi

nht l phin bn MAPINFO Professional Version 9.0 (Release Build 42).

Giao din quen thuc vi h thng menu v toolbar:

Hnh 1.33

MapInfo qun l cc i tng rt cht ch, thng qua cc d liu a l v d liu thuc tnh. Trong xy dng c d liu a l cho bn , MapInfo cung cp cho ngi

dng mt h cng c h tr v rt phong ph, c th s dng xy dng c bn

theo mun.

Tuy nhin vi cc bn kh phc tp v khng th xy dng c bng tay, th chng

trnh cng h tr h thng Import gip ngi dng s dng cc d liu c sn, c

th l cc bc nh c chp t v tinh hay cc dng bng dng im, ng, vng, c xy dng t h v c coi l mnh nht hin ny l AutoCAD

Vi mt bn v CAD, cc i tng t trn layer hp l, v lu file di dng *.dxf,

MAPINFO cho php import vo chng trnh thnh cc d liu a l.



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Hnh 1.34

Tt c cc i tng s c chuyn vo MAPINFO v tr thnh cc i tng. x l c nhng d liu ny, vn cn thit lp cu trc d liu cho cc lp i tng(hnh 1.35)

Hnh 1.35



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Ngoi ra MAPINFO cho php ngi dng nhp cc bn i dng s ha, hoc v li cc bn da trn cc hnh nh chp, ch yu l cc hnh chp t v tinh.

Vi cc d liu thuc tnh th c MapInfo trnh by di dng bng, rt d qun l v

hin th. S dng cch qun l thng qua cc bn ghi (Record), v cc trng d liu (Field), gip ngi dng d dng to c dng d liu ph hp, tng ng vi mt i

tng a l s mang cc d liu thuc tnh (hnh 1.36).

Hnh 1.36

Cng nh d liu a l, cc d liu thuc tnh cng c a vo trc tip bng tay. Nhng cng khng qun m rng chc nng cho php ngi dng Import vo MapInfo

thng qua cc h qun tr d liu khc, nh Access, Excel, Text,

Vi MapInfo khng phi d liu thuc tnh lc no cng nhp vo t bn phm hay t mt bng d liu c sn, m chng trnh cng cung cp cng c h tr tnh ton cc gi tr

ngay t d liu a l nh tnh din tch, chiu di ca i tng v v

MapInfo tch ring bn thnh nhiu lp khc nhau, rt d quan st v s dng, cc lp s c xp chng ln nhau to thnh mt bn hon chnh. C th thm, xa b, b tr

cc lp bn theo mt trt t khc nhau ty theo yu cu ngi s dng. Vic b tr cc

lp bn cn gip ngi dng d dng thao tc, v, chnh sa lp bn da trn mt lp bn khc, trnh nhng sai st khi chnh sa, MapInfo hn ch vic chnh sa

ch din ra trn tng lp mt.



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Chc nng Selection:

y l mt trong nhng chc nng rt quan trng ca MapInfo nhm lc ra cc s liu

ph hp vi yu cu, t c th thng k hoc tnh ton tip. i vi mi d liu a

l hay d liu thuc tnh, ngi dng s c cc cch lc khc nhau.

D liu a l c lc trc tip trn lp bn thng qua cc cng c lc trn thanh

toolbar, nh la chn tng i tng, la chn i tng nm trong mt vng, i tng

nm trong vng bn knh,..

Hnh 1.37

- Select: La chn tng i tng c th

- Radius Select: La chn tt c i tng nm trong vng bn knh

- Marquee Select: La chn cc i tng nm trong vng ch nht

- Polygon Select: La chn cc i tng nm trong vng a gic khp kn trn bn

- Boundary Select: La chn cc i tng trong vng ng bao

- Invert Selection: La chn o ngc cho php la chn cc i tng khng cn thit, sau o ngc c c cc i tng cn chn

Selection s to ra cc bng d liu tm thi, ngi c th kim sot cc d liu

c lc, cc bng ny c y cc thao tc nh:

- Xem d liu (c d liu ha, hay d liu thuc tnh)

- Hiu chnh cc d liu trong bng nh Copy, Cut, Paste

- Mnh hn na l cng c lc bng cc Truy Vn (Query)

Hnh 1.38

Cc truy vn cho php ngi dng to ra c cc bng d liu mi da trn cc

bng d liu c, da trn hng lot cc

iu kin m MapInfo thng minh lit k ra cho ngi dng la chn. Vi vic chia

nh d liu thnh cc bng, sau tng

hp li thng qua cc truy vn c xt n iu kin, s to cho ngi dng mt bng

d liu mi c y cc thng tin cn

thit.



39

Truy vn trong MAPINFO cho php chn mt bn ghi v cc i tng da trn d liu thuc tnh, c th s dng lm ni cc i tng trong bng d liu thuc tnh, cng c

th to ra mt bng kt qu c th l bn , d liu thuc tnh, hoc cc biu nh cc

table khc.

Hnh 1.39

Thit lp cc biu thc: y chnh l

bc to ra cc iu kin thc

hin truy vn, cc iu kin ny c th g bng tay hoc l s dng

cng c c sn ca MAPINFO la

chn cho mnh mt biu thc ph hp nht thng qua hp thoi

Expression

Hnh 1.40

MAPINFO cng cung cp cc hm

thuc h qun tr c s d liu thng qua chc nng SQL Select,

gip ngi dng thc hin c cc

truy vn phc tp

c th lu li ton b phn bn

c ghp chng, hay cc thao

tc la chn c thc hin thng qua truy vn, MAPINFO cho

php ngi dng lu di dng

khng gian lm vic (WorkSpace).


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