Chương 1 Tóng Quan Thang Máy

8/12/2019 Chng 1 Tng Quan Thang My

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Thit k v dng m hnh thang my s dng bin tn - ng c KB

Nguyn Thnh CngThit B in -in T 3 -K50

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CHNG 1 TNG QUAN THANG MY

1.1. Lch S Pht Trin Ca Thang My:T thi xa xa qua thi Trung c v cho n th k th 13, sc mnh

ca ngi v vt l ngun lc chnh cho cc thit b nng. Vo nm 1850,

nhng chic thang my thy lc v hi nc c gii thiu, nhng nm

1852 l nm m mt s kin quan trng din ra: pht minh thang my an

ton u tin trn th gii ca Elisa Graves Otis.

Hnh . :Thit b nng thi trung c

Vo nm 1873 hn 2000 chicthang my c trang b cho cc cao

c, vn phng khch sn, ca hng tng hp trn khp nc M v 5 nm

sau , chic thang thy lc u tin ca Otis c lp t. K nguyn ca

nhng ta nh chc tri theo sau v vo nm 1889 ln u tin Oti s

ch to thnh cng ng c bnh rng truyn ng trc tip u tin.

Nm 1903, Otis gii thiu mt thit k m v sau tr thnh nn tng cho

nghnh cng nghip thang my: thang my dng ng c in

khng hp s, mang y tnh cng ngh, c th thch cng tn ti vi

bn thn cao c. N m ra mt thi k mi cho kt cu nh cao tng.

Nhng ci tin ca Otis trong iu khin t ng c h thng kim

sot tn hiu, h thng kim sot hot ng cao im, h thng iu khin t'


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ng v c ch phn vng. Otis i u trong vic pht trin cng ngh in

ton v cng ty lm mt cuc cch mng trong cng ngh iu khin t

ng thang my,a ra nhng ci tin quan trng p ng cc cuc gi v

cc iu kin vn hnh thang.1.2. Khi Nim Chung vThang My:

-Thang my l thit b vn ti chuyn dng ch ngi v hng ha

theo phng thng ng hoc nghing mt gc nh hn 15 so vi phng

thng ng theo mt tuyn nh sn. Nhng loi thang my hin i c

kt cu c kh phc tp, h truyn ng, h thng khng ch phc tp nhm

nng cao nng sut, vn hnh tin cy, an ton. Tt c cc thit b in c

lp t trong bung thang v bung my. Bung my thng b tr tng

trn cng ca ging thang my.

-Thang my c s dng rng ri trong cc ta nh cao tng, bnh

vin, cng s. Ngoi tnh tin nghi khi s dng, thang my cn lm tng

thm tnh m quan cho cng trnh.

-Thang my l mt thit b vn chuyn i hi tnh an ton nghim

ngt, do n c lin quan trc tip vi tnh mng v ti sn ca ngi s

dng. Do yu cu chung i vi thang my khi thit k, lp t, vn hnhv sa cha l phi tun th mt cch nghim ngt cc yu cu v k thut

an ton c qui nh, phi y cc thit b bo v, thit b an ton,

m bo tincy nh b bo him, cng tc hn ch trn, hn ch di,

in chiu sng khi mt in.


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Hnh 1.2 : Thang my ti khch

1.3. Phn Loi Thang My:Thang my c phn thnh 5 loi [ti liu 1].

1.3.1.Phn loi theo chc nng:-Thang my chuyn ch ngi.

-Thang my chuyn ch hng nhng c ngi i km.

-Thang my chuyn ch ngi nhng c hng i km.

-Thang my bnh vin.

-Thang my chuyn ch hng khng c ngi i km.

1.3.2.Phn loi theo h thong dan ng cabin:-Thang my dn ng in.

-Thang my thy lc.

-Thang my kh nn.

1.3.3.Phn loi theo h thng iu khin:-iu khin bng r le.


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Nguyn Thnh Cng Page4Thit B in -in T 3 -K50

-iu khin bng PLC.

-iu khin bng my tnh.

1.3.4.Phn loi theo trng ti:-Thang my loi nh < 500 kg.

-Thang my trung bnh Q = 500 41000 kg.

-Thang my loi ln Q > 1000 kg.

1.3.5.Phn loi theo tc di chuyn cu cabin:-Thang my chy chm V < lm/s.-Thang my tc trung bnh V = (14 2,5) m/s.

-Thang my tc ln V > 4 m/s.

1.4. Cu To Chung Ca Thang My.1.4.1.Cu to chung.

Thang my c nhiu loi khc nhau, nhng nhn chung gm c cc b

phn chnh nh hnh 1.4.1.

Cabin (4) trong c cha ngi hoc hng ha.Cabin chuyn ng

trn cp dn hng thng ng (5) nh c cc b guc trt (9) lp vo

cabin. Cp nng (10) trn c treo cabin c treo vo tang hoc vt quapuli dn cp ca b ti nng (1). Trng lng thang my v trng lng vt

nng c cn bng bi i trng (7) treo trn cc dy cp i ra t puli dn

cp hoc t tang. Bung thang my v i trng khi di chuyn s trt trn

thanh ray dn hng nh cc guc trt.

e an ton, cabin c lp trong ging thang (6). Phn trn ca ging

thang thng c lp bung my (11). Trong bung thang c lp b ti v

kh c iu khin chnh (t phn phi, b hn ch tc ...). Phn di ca

ging thang (h ging thang) c b tr cc b gim chn cabin v gim chn

i trng (8). phn trn cng v dicng ca ging thang c lp cc b

hn ch hnh trnh lm vic ca ging thang.


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e trnh trng hp thang b ri khi cp b t, do gp s c mt in

hoc do c cu nng b hng, trn cabin c lp b bo him (governor) nh

hnh 1.4.1.4. Trong trng hp ny, thit b kp ca n s kp vo cc dn

hng v gi cht cabin. B hm bo him thng c dn ng t mt cp

ph (3), cp ny vt qua puli ca b hn ch tc kiu li tm (2). Khi tc

bung thang cao hn tc gii hn cho php th b hn ch tc s phanh

puli v lm dng cp.

1. Ti nng.2. B hn ch tc kiu

ly tm.3. Cp ph.4. Cabin5. Cp dn hng thngng.6. Ging thang.7. i trng.8. Gim chn itrng.9. Guc trt.10.Cp nng.11.Bung my.

Hnh 1.4.1: Cu to chung ca thang my.


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Thit k v dngm hnh thang my dng bin tn -

ng c KB

PageNguyn ThnhCngThit B in -in

T 3 -K50

Hnh 1.4.1.1 :Mt s dng ca bin ca thang my

B iu khin

Hnh 1.4.1.2 : Bin dng guc trt hiu ln cahng MITSUBISHI

Hnh 1.4.1.3 : Bin dng guc kiu trt ca hng NINGBO XINGDA

B kchGu c trt ki u con

B o

gia tc


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Thit k v dng m hnh thang my s dng bin tn -ng c KB

Nguyn Thnh Cng PageThit Bi in -in T 3 -K50

Hnh 1.4.2.1

Hnh 1.4.1.4 : Thang my c gn b Governor(phanh c kh)

Hnh 1.4. . 5:B ti thang my

1.4.2.Mt so s thang my thng gp:1.4.2. . Thang my c puli dn hng

(hnh 1.4.2.1): C lp thm puli ph (2)

dn hng cp i trng. S ny thng

c dng khi kch thc cabin ln, cp i

trng khng th dn hng t puli dn cp

(hoc tang) mt cch trc tip xung di.

Thanh ray

dn hng

cabin Gim chn'ca bin


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Thit k v dng m hnh thang my sdng bin tn - ng c KB

Page 8Nguyn Thnh CngThit B in -in T 3 -K50

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THnh 1.4.2.3

1.4.2.2. Thang my c s b tr b ti bndi c b ti (1) c b tr phn bn

hng hoc phn di ca y ging (hnh

1.4.2.2)nh c th lm gim ting n ca

thang my khi lm vic. Dng s ny s

lm tng ti trng tc dng ln ging thang,

cng nh tng chiu di v s im un ca

cp nng, dn n tng mn ca cp nng.

Kiu b tr b ti nh th ny ch s dng

trong trng hp c bit khi m bung my

khng th b tr c pha trn ging thang

v khi c yu cu cao v gim n khi

thang my lm vic.

1.4.2.3. Thang my kiu y:cp nng (1)tn c treo cabin (2), c un qua cc

puli (6) lp tn khung cabin, sau i qua

puli pha trn (3) n puli dn cp (5) dn cp

(5) ca b ti nng Trng lng ca cabin v

mt phn vt nng c cn bng bi i

trng(4). Cc dy cp ca i trng un qua

puli dn hng ph (hnh 1.4.2.3).

1.5. Nguyn L Hot ng v cch s dng thang myThanz mv hoat n2theo cc nuvn tc sau:1.5.1.Reset bung thang khi ng ngun: D cho bung thang ang

bt k v tr hoc trng thi no, th khi ng ngun u c reset v

a v tng trt (tng thp nht).


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Nguyn Thnh Cng PageThit Bi in -in T 3 -K50

1.5.2.Nguyn tc di chuyn ln xung, ng v m ca :-Bung thang ch hot ng khi ca hon ton ng.

-Ca ch m khi bung thang dng ng tng.

-Ca s t ng m hoc ng sau khi nhn c cc yu cu.

-Ca bung thang s ch m thng trc khi thang khng hotng.

1.5.3.Nguyn tc n tng: e xc nh v tr hin ti ca thang nh cmbin mi ca tng. Khi bung thang tng no th cm bin nhn tn hiu

tng v a v iu khin.1.5.4. S dng thang my:.5.4.1. Gi thang my t bn ngoi bung thang cc tng (hnh

1.5.4.1)

> Gi thang: mi tng m thang phc v, gn ngay ca tng u c

bng iu khin (Hall Call Panell), cn gi l hp Button tng mc ch phc

v cho vic githang bao gm:-Hai nt n: Mt nt gi cho thang i ln , mt nt gi

thang i xung^. Ring tng di cng ch c mt nt l i ln v tng trn

cng l i xung.

- n bo tng v bo chiu cho bit v tr v chiu hot ng hinca cabin thang my. Khi mun gi thang, hnh khch ch cn n vo nt gi

tng theo chiu mun i, tn hiu n s sng ln, n bo hiu h thng ghi

nhn lnh gi.


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Nguyn Thnh Cng Page 10Thit Bi in -in T 3 -K50

Hnh 1.5.4.1:M hnh iu khin thang my t bn ngoi bung thang>p ng ca thang sau lnh gi: Neu bung thang ang mt v tr

no khc vi tng m hnh khch va gi, thang s di chuyn n tng

theo th t u tin nh sau :

- Neu thang di chuyn cng chiu vi lnh gi thang v di chuyn ngang

qua tng m hnh khch khch ang ng gi, th khi n tng c gi, thang

s dng li v n khch.

- Neu thang ang di chuyn theo chiu ngc vi chiu hnh khch mun

i, hoc cng chiu nhng khng i ngang qua, th sau khi p ng ht cc nhu

cu ca chiu , thang s quay tr li n khch.

- Neu bung thang ang ngay ti tng m hnh khch va gi, bung

thang s m ca n khch.

1.5.4.2. Gi thang t bn trong bung thang: Trong bung thang c bngiu khin phc v cho vic i thang ca khch (Car Operating Panel) cn gi l

hp Button Car nh hnh 1.5.4.2. Bao gm cc nt c chc nng sau :

Q Q> Cc nt mang s : i din cho cc tng m thang phc

v.

(DO - Door Open): Dng m ca (ch c tc dng

khi thang dng ti tng).

Bng iu khin


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Nguyn Thnh Cng PageThit B in -in T 3 -K50

>Nt C (DC - Door Close): Dng ng ca (ch c tc dng

khi thang dng ti tng).

>Nt Interphone hoc Alarm Ljj: Dng lin lc vibn ngoi

khi thang gp cc s c v in, hoc t cp treo.> Cng tc E.Stop (Emergency Stop) (nu c): dng thang khn

cp khi c s c xy ra.

Hnh .5.4.2:Bng iu khin bn trong thang my

Khi vo bn trong bung thang, mun n tng no, khch n nt ch

nh tng , thang my s lp tc di chuyn v tun t dng ti cc tng m

n i qua. Ca bung thang v ca tng c thit k ng m t ng. Khi

bung thang di chuyn n mt tng no , sau khi ngng hn, ca bung

thang v ca tng s t ng m khch c th ra (vo) bung thang, sau vi

giy ca s t ng ng li.Sau thang my s thc hin lnh tip theo. Neu khng mun ch' ht

khong thi gian ca ng li, khch c th n nt DC ng ca bung

thang. Trong trng hp khn cp mun dng thang, khch c th n nt

E.Stop (nu c) trn bng iu khin trong bung thang. Khi c s c mt


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in, khch n vo nt Interphone hoc Alarm yu cu gip t' bn

ngoi.1.6. Cc Yu Cu An Ton Trong lp t v s dng Thang My:

1.6.1.Yu cu v mt an ton :i hi ngi thit k thang my phi gii quyt chnh xc v trit cc

yu cu v k thut ny :

-Cc yu cu v an ton ,y l nhng yu cu rt quan trng v d nh

thang my ch c php vn hnh khi ca tng v ca cabin ng hay khi

thang my qu ti th khng vn hnh ,Cc cng tc gii hn trn cng v di

cng c m bo, bo m an ton khi t dy, trt cp hoc mt in ,

Cc cng tc an ton v vn hnh trong bung thang hot ng tt...

-Cc yu cu v iu khin v tr cabin : khi dng thang my i hi phidng chnh xc so vi sn tng v qu trnh hm sao cho cabin dng ng ti

sn tng vi yu cu chnh xc cao nht.

-Cc yu cu v iu khin gia tc v vn tc ,phi m bo sinh l cho

hnh khch i trn thang my .Ngi iu khin phi iu chnh tt tc ,gia

tc ca thang my sao cho khng gy nn tm l hong lon ,thiu tin cy

khch hng.


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PageNguyn Thnh CngThit B in -in T 3 -K50

1.6.2.Yu cu v k thut lp t:1.6.2. . V tr bung my: V tr bung my c th t bn trn

hoc bn di ng hm ty theo yu cu v din tch cho php ca bung

my.

.6.2.2. Thanh ray dn hng : Trong khi chuyn ng ,bung thang

v i trng s trt dc trn thanh ray dn hng. Ray dn hng m bo cho

cabin v i trng lun nm v chuyn ng theo ng v tr c thit k

trong ging thang, khng cho chng dch chuyn theo phng ngang trong qu

trnh dch chuyn. Ray dn hng c lp t hai bn cabin v i trng vi

chnh xc theo yu cu cn thit (i hi chnh xc v thng ng ca

ray, khong cch cc u ray...).1.6.2.3.Cng tc hnh trnh'. m bo an ton cho ngi s dng

v cc thit b trong mch iu khin, ngi ta b tr cc thit b bo v lin

ng, cc tip im hnh trnh m bo cho thang my dng chnh xc,

khng vt khi phm vi gii hn (cc loi cng tc hn ch hnh trnh trn, hn

chhnh trnh di, cng tc chuyn i tng, cng tc n tng...).

.6.2.4. Cp nng ca bin v oi trng: Phi m bo chu lc nng v

lc ma st vi puli theo ng tiu chun an ton cho php trong lp t thang

my. C th dng cp thp hoc cp thp c ph nha bn ngoi ko cabin

thang my.

Cp thp ph nha c s linh hot v kh nng ko ti tt hn so vi loi

cp thp thng thng.(Hnh 1.7.2.4).

- i vi loi cp thp truyn thng, s hao mn gy ra l bi nhiu yu

t, l nh hng ca s mi mn ca cc si cp khi chng b chn vo bn

trong v b ko ra khi rnh ko, do c s bm bi trn si cp


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Thit k v dng m hnh thang my s dng bintn - ng c KB


nn cng lm tng thm s mi mn si cp, gim thi gian s dng ca cp rt

ng k.

-i vi loi cp thp ph nha, nh c lp nha nn n bm cht bnh

, to nn s ma st thch hp, khng c s mi mn no gy ra thm gia cc

rnh, cc si cp thp c ph nha nn trnh c bi bm, nh' trnh b

hao mn. Tuy nhin s gim kh nng chu lc ca dy thp theo thi gian s

dng vn xy ra, nhng ta c th bit trc c s gim tui th ca cp nh

vo tnh ton v do nh sn xut cung cp.

Hnh 1.7.2.4: Cp thp phnha ca hng OTS

1.6.2.5. H thng phanh bo him:Bung thang cn c trang b thm cc b phn phanh bo v phng

khi cp treo b t, b mt in, khi tc bung thangvt qu

20% -- 40% tc nh mc, phanh s tc ng.

> Thng c 3 loi phanh:

SPhanh kiu nm.

SPhanh kiu lch tm.

SPhanh bo him kiu km.

Trong , phanh bo him kiu kim(hnh 1.7.2.5) cs dng

rng ri hn c, n bo m cho bung thang dng tt hn so vi cc

Thit B in -in T 3 -K50

Lp ph

Li dy cp b ng thp


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Thit k v dng m hnh thang my s dng bin tn - ng cKB

Nguyn Thnh Cng Page15

Hnh 1.7.2.6.2:Gim ch n l xo

loi phanh khc. Phanh bo him thng c t pha di bung thang,

c gng km trt theo thanh dn hng.

Hnh . 7.2.5: Phanh bo him kiu km

1.6.2.6.B gim chn(Hnhl.7.2.6.l&Hnh 1.7.2.6.2): Di yging c b tr thm cc b gim chn nhm trnh hin tng va p qu

mnh khi cng tc hn ch hnh trnh khng tc ng, hoc khi thang b t

cp treo..., dng chng sc hoc va chm mnh gy nh hng n an

ton cho hnh khch ang s dng thang my, ng thi trnh h hng cho

cabin v i trng thang my.

Hnh 1.7.2.6.1: Gim chn thu lc

Gimch n cabin

1


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Hnh 1.7.2.63: V tr lp t h thng gim chn trong ging thang

Chuyn ng ca bung thang phi m, khng gy sc, gy cm gic kh chu

cho hnh khch. Phi dng chnh xc n tng khng gy nguy him v trngi cho hnh khch khi ra vo bung thang.

.6.2.7. H thong cm bin ca(Hnh 1.7.2.7). H thng cm bin

ca l mng li tia hng ngoi bao ph ngay v tr ca ra vo cabin, iu

khin hot ng ca ca nhm bo v an ton cho hnh khch v hng ha khi

ra vo bung thang.Ngoi ra n cn lm gim s h hng ca thang trong

trng hp di vn chuyn vt nng hoc di chuyn ra vo chm. Tng cng

kh nng tin cy ca h thng.

-c tnh: H thng cm bin ca s dng thit b thu v pht tia hng

ngoi to ra mt mng li ct ngang khung ca, h thng qut lin tc pht

hin bt c tia hng ngoi no b gin on, nu c, h thng

Cp nng chu ti

i Trng

Gim ch n i Trng

Cabin

Gim ch n Cabin


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s m ca ngay lp tc v khng gy va chm cho hnh khch (hoc hng

ha) vi ca.

Hnh 1.7.2.7:M hnh h thng cm bin ca

1.6.2.8. H thong t ng bo v bng in (Automatic

Rescue Divide) (hnh . 7.2.8):

Khi thang my c s c hoc gp li khng mong mun, hnh khch

c th b mc kt bn trong bun thang. Khi thit b bo v t ng s

tc ng ngay lp tc, n c cp ngun t ngun in d tr (h thng

acqui,...), bung thang khi s c iu khin a n tng gn nht v

h thng ca s c t ng m ra.

Lnh vc ng dng: B ARD c dng vn hnh cho trng hp

khn cp cn bo v t ng cho thang my, c kt ni vi hp s thang

my (dng ngun 3 pha AC), cng cc b phanh (dng ngun DC). Tu

theo yu cu, h thng truyn ng m ca c th vn hnh bng dng inAC hoc DC.

Bu ng Thang

Khu vc tc

ng Ca

thang Ca

tng

Hnh KhchL i vo


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Thit k v dng m hnh thang my dng bin tn - ng c KB


gun cqui

Hnh 1.7.2.8:T in ARD

-Nguyn l hot ng: B ARD t

hot ng khi thang my b mt in, khi

n s iu khin tay quay ca hp s

a cabin thang my v n tng gn nht


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v t ng m ca bung thang.


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CHNG 2 TNG QUAN V PLC (SIEMENS)2.1. Gii Thiu v Thit B iu Khin Kh Trnh.

2.1.1.Gii thiu tng quan:- H thng iu khin cng nghip c to ra t' mt nhm bao gm cc

thit b in v in t, n mang n s chnh xc, hin i v trnh c cc h

hi trong sn xut. H thng iu khin bao gm nhiu dng khc nhau, khc t

ngun nng lng s dng, cch thc vn hnh cho n my mc thit b.

- Khi thi i cng nghip bt u, c bit vo nhng nm 60-70, nhng

b tip im rle c dng t1ng vn hnhcc my mc thit b, km

theo l vic s dng dy in kt ni chng vi nhau trong bng iu

khin.- C nhng bng in iu khin to bng c vch tng. Khi , mun tm

ra c li xy ra trong h thng s gy mt rt nhiu thi gian, c bit lvi

nhng h thng cng nghip mang tnh phc tp. ng thi, tui th ca cc b

tip im rle l c gii hn nn n cn phi c thay th. Khi , ton b my

mc phi tm dng v k c ton h thng sn xut.

- i khi, bng in iu khin khng cn khong trng c th thay

i hoc lp t thm nhm mc ch nng cp yu cu s dng, v n ch dng

cho mt mc ch nn khng d thch nghi vi yu cu ca mt h thng mi.

Bn cnh , ngi th in khi thc hin cng vic bo tr cng i hi c

nhng k nng tay ngh cao mi c th tm ra c li mt cch tng i

nhanh chng.


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Thit k v dng m hnh thang my s dng bintn - ng c KB


Do tnh linh hot ca bng in iu khin truyn thng l khng

cao.

+ Tn kh nhiu cng sc cho vic kt ni dy in.

+ Kh khn cho vic thay th v sa cha.+ Kh xc nh li nhanh chng, mun vy i hi ngi th phi c k

nng tay ngh cao.

+ Khi c s c v in xy ra, cn phi tm ngng sn xut xc nh li

v tin hnh sa cha.

Trong cng nghip sn xut, iu khin mt thit b my cng nghip...

ngi ta thc hin kt ni cc linh kin iu khin ri (relay, timer, contactor..)

li vi nhau ty theo mc yu cu thnh mt h thng in iu khin.Cng

vic ny kh phc tptrong thi cng, sa cha, bo tr do gi thnh cao. Kh

khn nht l khi cn thay i mt hot ng no hay thay i cng ngh mi.

Mt h thng iu khin u vit m chng ta phi chn iu khin cho

mt my sn xut cn phi hi cc yu cu sau: gi thnh h, d thi cng, sa

cha, cht lng lm vic n nh, linh hot...T h thng iu khin c th

lp trnh c PLC (Progammable Logic Controller) ra i gii quyt vn

trn.

e n gin ho vic lp trnh, h thng iu khin lp trnh cm tay

(Progammable Controller Handle) u tin c ra i vo nm 1969.

Trong giai on ny cc h thng iu khin lp trnh (PLC) ch n gin thay

th h thng Relay v dy ni trong h thng iu khin. Trong qu trnh vn

hnh, cc nh thit k tng bc to ra mt tiu chun mi cho h thng, tiu

chun l dng lp trnh biu hnh thang. Trong nhng nm u thp nin

70, nhng h thng PLC cn c thm kh nng vn hnh vi nhng thut ton

h tr (arithmetic), vn hnh vi cc d liu cp nht (Data manipulation).Do s pht trin ca loi mn hnh dng cho my tnh (Cathod Ray Tube:

CTR), nn vic giao tip gia ngi iu khin lp trnh cho h thng cng tr

nn thun tin hn.

Ngoi ra cc nh thit k cn to ra k thut kt ni vi h thng PLC ring l.


22/93



Tc x l ca h thng c ci thin, chu k qut (scan) nhanh hn lm

cho h thng PLC x l tt vi nhng h thng phc tp, s lng cng vo/ra

ln hn.

Mt PLC c y cc chc nng nh:b m, b nh thi, cc thanh

ghi (Register) v tp lnh cho php thc hin cc yu cu iu khin phc tp

khc nhau. Hot ng ca PLC hon ton ph thuc vo chng trnh nm

trong b nh, n lun cp nht tn hiu ng vo, x l tn hiu iu khin

ng ra.

> Nhng c im ca PLC:

Thit b chng nhiu.

C th kt ni thm cc module m rng ng vo/ra.Ngn ng lp trnh d hiu.

D dng thay i chng trnh iu khin bng my lp trnh hay

my tnh c nhn. tin cy cao, kch thc nh.

Bo tr d dng.

Do cc c im trn, PLC cho php ngi iu hnh khng mt

nhiu thi gian ni dy phc tap khi cn thay i chng trnh iu khin, ch

cn lp trnh mi thay cho chng trinh c.

Vic s dng PLC vo cc h thng iu khin ngy cng thng

dng. p ng yu cu ngy cnga dng ny, cc nh sn xut a ra

hng lot cc dng PLC vi nhiu mc thc hin p ng cc yu cu

khc nhau ca ngi s dng.e nh gi mt b PLC ngi t da vo hai tiu chun chnh:

Dung lng b nh v s tip im vo/ra ca n.

Cc chc nng nh: b vi x l, chu k xung clock, ngn ng lp

trnh, kh nng m rng s ng vo/ra.

Vi PLC, vic gii quyt cc bi ton t ng ho khc nhau nhng khng

bin i g v c cu ngoi vic thay i chng trnh iu khin sao cho ph

hp. PLC c kh nng tuyt i v kh nng linh ng, mm do v hiu qu


23/93

Thitk v dng m hnh thang my s dng bin tn - ng c KB


v gii quyt cc bi ton cao hn so vi cc k thut c in.

Mi phn t,hoc thit b ca mt h thng iu khin cng nghip bt

chp kch thc ca n l nh hay ln u c vai tr ht sc quan trng trong

qu trnh iu khin. Chng hn nh, nu khng cc thit b cm bin, b PLC

s khng bit chnh xc ci g ang xy ra trong qu trnh.

Trong h thng t ng ha, b iu khin PLC l phn t trung tm ca c

h thng iu khin. Bng vic thc hin cc chng trnh c lu tr

trong b nh, PLC cn lin tc theo di trng thi ca c h thng thng qua

cc tn hiu c a vo. Da vo cc thut ton logic c thc hin bn

trong chng trnh, PLC s xc nh nhng hot ng no cn thit a ra

cung cp cho cc thit b.Neu mun cc hot ng phc tp cao cp hn, cn c nhiu b PLC kt

ni vi my tnh trung tm.

2.1.2.Cc ng dng chnh ca PLC.Simatic S7- 200 cung cp hu ht cc gii php khc nhau cho cc h thng

thng t ng ha nh:K thut sn xut (Production engineering).

Cng nghip t (Automobile industry).

iu khin my chuyn dng trong xy dng (Specialized machineconstruction).

X l nha (Processing of plastics).

Cng nghip ng gi (Packing industry).

Thc n v nc ung cng nghip (Food and drink industry)

X l cng nghip (Processing engineering).

2.1.3.Gi vn hnh thp:Card nh vi nh (MMC - Micro Memory Card) lm nhim v lu

tr d liu v chng trnh khi b mt ngun. MMC ny c th hiu chnh

hon thnh mt d n (project)bao gm cc biu tng v ch thch cho

vic qun l d dng hn.

MMC ny c th cp nht chng trnh d dng, n cho php truy


24/93



cp c v ghi trong qu trnh thc hin chng trnh. Chnh v vy m vic

o cc gi tr lu tr hay x l chng c thc hin d dng hn.

2.1.4.Giao tip a chc nng: (MPI - M ulti -point I nterf ace).Giao tip a chc nng l gii php r nht cho truyn thng thit b

v lp trnh my tnh (PC). H thng giao din vi ngi my HMI (Human

Machine Interface) v mt vi chng trnh iu khin khc ca

S7/C7/WinAC. C tng cng 125 trm MPI c th kt ni ng truyn vi

tc 187,5 kbit/s.2.2. PLC S7-200:

PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) l mt h vi x l chuyn dng

nhm mc tiu iu khin t ng t hp cc thit b in hoc cc qu trnh

sn xut trong cng nghip.su im :Lp trnh mm do


25/93


Page 2 7Nguyn Thnh CngThit B in -in T 3 -K50

Phi ghp n gin thun tin gia h thng iu khin v h

thng ng lcVi dng PLC S7 - 200, SIEMEN c cc h CPU c bn sau:

> + H 21x:212, 214, 216, 218. Vi h CPU ny do c nhiu nhc imkhng cn ph hp vi cc h thng iu khin hin i nn t c s

dng.

> + H 22x:222, 224, 226, 228. y l dng CPU c s dng rt nhiu

hin nay v tc x l cao, kt cu linh hot, h tr truyn thng mnh, c

cp bo v chu c mi trng cng nghip nh rung, bi, cc nhiu t

trng...2.3.CU TO CHNH CA B IU KHIN PLC.

Kt ni ng raHnh 2.3:M hnh mt b iu khin lp trnh PLC

2.3.1.n v x l trung tm CPU (Central Processing Uni):- n v x l trung tm c xem nh l no ca b iu khin

PLC. Thng thng, n v x l trung tm l mt loi vi iu khin,

K t n i n2 vo

000000 0OQ|


26/93



CPU (B x l trung tm)

10.0 10,1 00.0

HRH

)10.4 00.1

HH )

Hnh 2.3. . 1 : B x l trung tm CPU Nguyn l vn hnh

ca mt n v x l trung tm CPU c m t nh sau:

- Cc thng tin c lu tr trong b nh chng trnh c gi ln tun t v c iu khin v kim sat bng b m chng trnh do n v x l trung

tm khng ch. B x l lin kt cc tn hiu ring l li vi nhau v t cho ra

kt qu iu khin ti ng ra. S thao tc tun t ca chng trnh to nn mt

khong thi gian tr gi l thi gian qut, v tnh tun t ca n nn ta c th gi

1 chu k qut, chu k qut ny ph thuc vo chng trnh (s lng ng vo,

ng ra, v nhng thng tin yu cu khc). Chnh n v x l trung tm quyt

nh thi gian qut, chc nng v kh nng ca mt b PLC.(Hnh 2.3.1.2).

nh vi iu khin 8051 c 8 bit v ngy nay chng ln n 16 bit hay 32

bit.(hnh 2.3.1.1).

-n v x l trung tm ch trng phn truyn thng gia cc b phn ca

b iu khin PLC vi nhau nh vic lp trnh, qun l b nh, quan st trng

thi ng vo v ng ra. n v x l trung tm thng thc hin vic kim tra

vng nh ca b iu khin PLC bo m rng b nh khng b li, khng b

hng, nh' m cc li nu c s sm c pht hin.


27/93



21.c trng thi ng vo

2.Thc hin chng trnh

3.Kim tra thng tin

4.Truyn d liu ng ra

Hnh 2.3.1.2: Vng qut PLC

2.3.2.Vng nh:-Vng nh c PLC s dng cho mt qu trnh iu khin cng

nghip. Ngi ta thng s dng b nh EPROM vi vic lp trnh cn

c thc hin trn my lp trnh cn khi mun xa b d liu cn chiu

tia t ngoi vo, hoc d liu cng c th c xa bng nng lng in.

Neu mun pht trin thm cc ng dng khc ca chng trnh iu khin

ta ch cn thc hin lp trnh li cho b iu khin thng qua si cp kt

ni.(Hnh 2.3.2.1).

-B nh thng c chia thnh cc khi vi nhng chc nng c

bit khc nhau. Mt s vng ca b nh' dng cho vic lun tr trng thi

ng vo v ng ra. Trng thi ca mt ng vo c lu tr di dng bit

nh c bit, thng l 1 hoc 0. Bit nh ca mi trng thi vo hoc

ra cng s c trng thi tng t.

-Nhng phn khc ca b nh c dng cho vic lu tr cc ni

dung c gi tr cn thit cho vic lp trnh, v d nh gi tr rle thi



28/93



gian, gi tr counter... c lu tr trong phn ny. Th mnh ca biu

khin lp trnh PLC l c b nh c th thay i mt cch nhanh chng.

THnh 2.3.2.1 :S cu trc b nh PLC

-T in c bit: c gi 1 t in c bit do n c kh nng tch

tr nng lng trong mt thi gian di, gip lu tr d liu trong RAM khi

khng c in. Loi RAM thng thng c thi gian lun d liu n 50

gi, cng c th ln n 72 gi. (Hnh 2.3.2.1).

-RAM (Random Access Memory): RAM c s dng nh 1 vng

nh tm thi. Vng nh ca RAM khng n nh, cc d liu lu trn n

s b mt i khi b mt in. Do , thng c 1 ngun d tr phng

trng hpRAM b mt in trong 1 thi gian di.

-EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory): N c

thit k sao cho d liu c th c c d dng, nhng kh c th thay

i. e thay i d liu ca EPROM cn c phng php c bit. i vi

UVEPROM, d liu c th c thay i bng cch chiu tia cc tm

(Ultraviolet Light) vo. Nhng i vi EPROM thng dng th c th

dng in xa d liu.

EFROM

a'ngtrnhthihnh

RAMT in

c bit

Sr

Bit nh(f

T imer

Counter

Vng nh la chn

ca EFPROM


29/93



- Firmware: L mt phn mm c bit a d liu vo

EPROM. Do EPROM c th c xem nh mt b phn ca phn cng ca

PLC, n cho php PLC s dng cc chc nng c bn ca n.

Hnh 2.3.2.2:Hnh dng tiu biu ca EPROMv RAM

2.3.4.Ngun in cung cp:- in cp vo c dng cho n v x l trung tm CPU, a s cc b iu

khin PLC s dng ngun in 24 VDC hoc 220 VAC.

-Ngi s dng cn nm r s lng u vo v u ra bo m thit b

c cp in mt cch chnh xc. Mi modul khc nhau th kh nng s dng

in khc nhau. Ngun in cung cp ny khng c dng khi ng cho cc

thit b kt ni pha bn ngai ti ng vo, hoc ng ra. Ngi s dng phi cp

in cho cc thit b ti u vo hoc u ra phi c tin hnh mt cch ringbit. C nh vy mi bo m c rng nhng nh hng ca cc thit b my

mc dng trong cng nghip khng gy h hi cho b iu khin PLC. i vi

mt s b iu khin PLC loi nh, chng cp ngun cho cc thit b kt ni ti

ng vo bng in p c ly t mt ngun nh c tch hp vo b iu

khin PLC.(Hnh 2.3.4).

Hnh 2.3.4 :Ngun 24VDC ly t PLC


30/93



2.3.5.Modu le ng vo:- Lm nhim v khi ghp, chuyn i tn hiu u vo thnh tn hiu s

(digital) bn trong PLC. Ket qu ca vic x l c lu tr trong vng nh ca

ng vo.- Mch u vo c cch ly v in vi cc mch bn trong PLC nh cc

diode quang v photo diode (thng gp 1 diode 4N28) do mi h hng

mch u vo u khng nh hng n hot ng ca PLC. (Hnh 2.3.5.1)

Diot quang: Photo tranzito

Hnh 2.3.5.1 Giao din ti ng vo PLC

- Cc thit b u vo c th l nt nhn, cng tc, cng tc hnh trnh, tip

im (thng m, thng ng), cc b cm bin...K hiu:

10.0 l ng vo th 1, 10.1 l ng vo th 2......... Mt b PLC c th c

nhiu ng vo.(Hnh 2.3.5.2).


31/93



Nt nh n

Ng vo kt ni vi

Thit b ngoi vi

Cng tc

cac

Hnh 2.3.5.2. M hnh kt ni ti ng vo.

-Ng vo cng c th c iu khin bng trng thi ca cc yu cu c

th ca mt chng trnh iu khin. (Hnh 2.3.5.3

v 2.3.5.4)

Thit b o mc

nc

Hnh 2.3.5.3. iu khin bm cht lng dng PLC

Mc nc

Trong bn


32/93



Trong cc s trn, tn hiu ca cc thit b (thit b o mc nc, cm bin

xung, bn cn khi lng) u c kt ni vi tn hiu ng vo ca b PLC. 2.3.6.Module ng ra:- Lm nhim v bin i cc mc logic bn trong PLC thnh cc tn hiu

iu khin a ra bn ngoi. Tng t nh ti ng vo, ng ra ca PLC cng

c cch ly v in i vi cc thit b bn ngoi bng diode quang v photo

transitor.(Hnh 2.3.6.1).

Hnh 2.3.6.1. Giao din ng ra PLC

-Ng ra ca PLC c gi l ng ra k thut s, n kt ni vi cc thit b

cn iu khin nh van in t, cun dy cng tc t (b khi ng t), bng

n...(Hnh 2.3.6.2 v hnh 2.3.6.3).-K hiu ti mi ng ra ca PLC la QO.O, QO. 1, Q0.2 ...

Cm bin Xung

Hnh 2.3.5.4. H thng chn la sn phm dng PLC

i /

CPU y L Ng ra

Diode quaug Photo transitar


33/93


Nguyn Thnh CngThit B in-in T 3 -K50

Page 33

Hnh 2.3.6.3. S kt ni ng ra PLC

-S lng ng vo v ng ra ca mi b PLC l c gii hn, nhng ta c

th tng s lng ca chng ln nh b PLC c module m rng, tc l ta c

th ghp ni gia cc b PLC vi nhau.2.4. Lp trnh cho b iu khin PLC:

Cch thng dng nht lp trnh cho b iu khin PLC l thng

qua my tnh c ci t phn mm lp trnh, tuy nhin cng c th

tin hnh lp trnh bng tay. Ngy nay, vic s dng my tnh cho vic lptrnh v ti lp trnh cho nhng b PLC dng trong cc nh my rt ph

bin, n gi vai tr rt quan trng trong cng nghip.(Hnh 2.4).

Hnh 2.3.6.2. M hnh ktni ti ng ra PLC

KI MotorQO.O

-ChK2 n

QO.JL -L

VAC


34/93



Hnh 2.4. Phn mm lp trnh cho b S7-200 mt h thng

PLC c th thc hin c mt qu trnh iu khin no th bn thn n

phi bit c n cn phi lm g v lm nh th no.

Vic truyn thng tin v h thng v d nh quy trnh hot

ng cng nh cc yu cu km theo cho PLC ngi ta gi l lp trnh.

V c th lp trnh c cho PLC th cn phi c s giao

tip gia ngi v PLC.

Vic giao tip ny phi thng qua mt phn mm gi l phn

mm lp trnh.

Mi mt loi PLC hoc mt h PLC khc nhau cng c nhng

phn mm lp trnh khc nhau.


i vi PLC S7-200, SIEMEN xy dng mt phn mm c th

lp trnh cho h PLC loi ny. Phn mm ny c tn l STEP7- MicroWIN4.0.

Ngoi vic phc v lp trnh cho PLC S7-200, phn mm ny cn c rt

nhiu cc tnh nng khc nh cc cng c g ri, kim tra li, h tr nhiu cch lp

trnh vi cc ngn ng khc nhau...

Phn mm ny cng c xy dng mt phn tr gip (Help) c th

ni l rt y , chi tit v tin dng. Ngi dng c th tra cu cc vn v PLC

S7-200 mt cch rt nhanh chng, r rng v d hiu.


35/93



2.5. Ngoi Nhng B phn Chnh Ni Trn, B iu Khin Lp Trnh PLC

Cng C Thm Mt s B Phn Ph Sau:

-Cp ni (PC/PPI): Dng kt ni giao din my tnh vi giao din b PLC.

Trn cp, c cng tc DIP cho php chn la tc truyn thng tin thch hp gia

my tnh v b PLC.(Hnh 2.5.1).

Hnh2.5.1 :S cp ni my tnh vi b PLC.

-Vic kim tra trng thi ca chng trnh lp trnh PLC khng cn thit phi

lp cc thit b iu khin ti u vo, ta c th tin hnh kim tra bng b cng tc

thay th cho cc tip im trn thc t. B cng tc ny s cung cp mc logic 0/1

cho b PLC.(Hnh 2.5.2)

Hnh 2.5.2:B cng tc kim tra chng trnh lp trnh

-Ngi vic dng my tnh lp trnh cho b PLC, ta cng c th tin hnh lp


36/93



trnh hoc thay i chng trnh ca b PLC bng mt s thit b cm

tay.(Hnh2.5.3).

-Lp t: lp t PLC ln bng in, ta c th dng thanh ray DIN hoc bt

vt trc tip ln bng in.(Hnh2.5.4).

Hnh2.5.4:Bt vt PLC ln ray.

2.6. Phng Php Thit K Mt H Thng iu Khin Bng PLC Trong Cng

Nghip.

2.6.l Phn tch yu cu cng ngh

Trc ht, cn phi la chn nhng thit b hay h thng cn iu khin.

H thng t ng ha c th ch c l my hoc cng c th l c mt dy chuyngm nhiu my, nhng chng c gi chung l h thng iu khin qu y trnh cng

nghip. Hm ca mt h thng iu khin quy trnh cng nghip l quan st cc

tn hiu ng vo cung cp tn hiu cho b iu khin PLC. p li, b iu khin


37/93



PLC s xut tn hiu iu khin ra ngoi vn hnh cc thit b.

Phn tch cc yu cu chung ca h thng (tc l xc nh thnh phn no cn

iu khin, yu cu v thi gian, chnh xc...).

Phn tch th t tc ng ca cc thnh phn trong h thng. Hay ni cch khc

l s phn bit th t hot ng ca cc thnh phn trong h thng, ci no trc,

ci no sau... v s lin quan gia chng.

Phn tch bn cht ca tng thnh phn xc nh c cc iu kin lin

quan m ch ph thuc vo bn cht ring ca n v kt hp vi ton b vi nhng

phn tch trc c phng php iu khin thch hp.


38/93



Ke tip, cn phi bit r s ng vo v ng ra ca thit b s kt ni vi b iu

khin PLC. Ng vo c th l cc tn hiu khc nhau, cng tc, cm bin... Ng ra s

iu khin cc thit b nh cun dy, van in t, ng c, rle, cc thit b to m

thanh v nh sng.2.6.2: Lp bng a ch cho cc I/O.

T cc bc phn tch v cng ngh cho ta bit s c bao nhiu I/O trong h

thng, bn cht ca cc I/O (s, tng t, xung...) v ta s xy dng c mt bng

cc I/O cho ton b h thng.

Vic xy dng bng I/O phthuc vo h thng v cu hnh PLC hoc h PLC

m chng ta nh vit chng trinh iu khin. V vic gn a ch cho cc I/O ca

h thng phi tun th nhng quy nh ca nh cung cp PLC. 2.6.3 Lp gin thi gian hoc lu thut ton iu khin. i vi nhng h iu khin tng i ln v phc tp th bc ny rt quan

trng cho vic lp trnh v sau ny.

N s gip cho ngi lp trinh phn tch h thng iu khin thnh tng phn,

s lin quan v th t tc ng ca chng v t s c th ho c phng n

iu khin trn chng trnh cho PLC.

Cn i vi nhng h thng nh khng c qu nhiu cc I/O th ngi ta c thxy dng gin thi gian tng ng cho tng I/O nm trong tng th th t v

thi gian tc ng ca ton b I/O ca h thng.

2.6.4: Vit chng trinh iu khin.

T nhng g c t vic phn tch h thng v xy dng lu thut ton

hoc gin thi gian th vic c th ho bng ngn ng lp trnh v a xung

PLC cng rt quan trng.

y ngi lp trinh cng phi tun th nhng quy nh ca nh sn xut v

vic lp trinh cho loi PLC S7-200 ca h dn n mt s hn ch nht nh trong

vic th hin thut ton. V i khi cng phi iu chnh li thut ton cho ph hp

vi loi PLC m mnh ang c.


39/93



Ngi lp trnh c th nh du, t tn cho cc thit b ng vo v ng ra.

iu ny s to c thun li khi xc nh li, hoc khi bo tr cho h thng. Vic

t tn v hng dn khi lp trnh phi bo m sao cho mi nhn vin k thut u

c th hiu, vn hnh v sa cha c h thng (i vi s hnh thang), ch

khng ch i vi ngi vit chng trnh cho h thng. Trnh tnh trng ngi lp

trnh gi' b mt chng trnh ca mnh khin cho nhng nhn vin k thut khc

khng th hiu c th vn hnh v sa cha.2.6.5: Chy th chng trinh v kim tra li.

Sau khi hon thin chng trnh iu khin v kim tra nhng li c th thy

c nh cc li v c php, v s sai khc kiu d liu, v thi gian... th c the

download chng trnh xung PLC chy th.

Vic chy th ny nu c th thc hin trn h thng thc t l tt nht cn nu

khng c th chy th trn cc phn mm m phng hoc mt h thng c xy

dng m phng li h thng cn iu khin. T vic kim tra cc p ng ca h

thng sau khi chy th th ngi lp trinh c th kim tra li ton b thut ton m

mnh xy dng t chnh sa lai chng trnh p ng c hon ton cc

yu cu ca h thng.

Vic thng xuyn kim tra d liu trong b iu khin bo m chngtrnh trong khng b thay i l ht sc cn thit, n gip trnh c cc tnh

trng nguy him xy ra trong sn xut. Do , mt s thit b t ng c thit lp

trong mng li thng tin ca nh my nhm thc hin vic kim tra cc chng

trnh PLC bo m rng chng trnh ca chng khng mc li.

CHNG 3 LP TRNH WINCC3.1 GII THIU V PHN MM PC - ACCESS:

OPC (OLE for Process Control) l mt chun giao din c hip hi OPC

Foundation xy dng v pht trin. Da trn m hnh i tng thnh phn phn tn

(D)COM ca hng Microsoft, OPC nh ngha thm mt s giao din cho khai thc

d liu t cc qu trnh k thut, to c s cho vic xy dng cc ng dng iu


40/93



khin phn tn m khng b ph thuc vo mng cng nghip c th. Trong thi

im hin nay, OPC cng nh COM tuy mi c thc hin trn nn Windows,

song c nhiu c gng ph bin sang cc h iu hnh thng dng khc. C th

ni, mi cng c phn mm iu khin gim st hin nay u h tr chun OPC.

S7-200 PC - ACCESS l 1 phn mm do hng simens sn xut,dng nh ci tn

gi ca n,n cho php lin kt truy nhp d liu gia S7-200 vi my tnh qua

chun OPC.Thnh phn ca S7-200 PC ACCESS bao gm nhng OPC ch v OPC

khch.:3.2. PHN MM WIN cc

> WinCC l giao din gia ngi v my mc trong thit k t

ng:

WinCC l h thng trung tm v cng ngh v k thut c dng iu hnh

cc nhim v ca mn hnh hin th v h thng iu khin trong t ng ha sn

xut v qu trnh. H thng ny cung cp cc modul chc nng thch ng trong cng

nghip v: hin th hnh nh, thng ip, lu tr v bo co. Giao din iu khin

mnh, vic truy cp hnh nh nhanh chng, v chc nng lu tr an ton ca n m

Hnh3.1:Giao din PC ACCESS.


41/93



bo tnh hu dng cao.

Ngoi cc chc nng h thong, WinCC cn m ra cc giao din cho cc gii

php ca ngi s dng, nhng giao din ny khin chng c th tch hp WinCC

vo cc gii php t' ng ha phc tp v ton cng ty.

Vic x l d liu lu tr c tch hp bng cc giao din chun ODBC v SQL.

Vic thm vo cc i tng v cc ti liu cng c tch hp bng LE2.0 v

OLE Custom Controls (OCX). Cc c ch ny lm cho WinCC tr thnh mt b

phn am hiu v d truyn ti trong mi trng Windows.

WinCC da vo h iu hnh 32 bit MS-Windows 95 hay MS- Windows NT.

C hai u c kh nng v thc hin a nhim v, m bo phn ng nhanh chngvi vic x l ngt v an ton chng li s mt d liu bn trong mc cao.

Windows NT cn cung cp cc chc nng to ra s an tan v phc v nh mt

nn tng cho hot ng ca cc servers trong h thng WinCC nhiu ngi s dng.

Chnh phn mm


42/93



WinCC cng l ng dng 32bit c pht trin vi cng ngh phn mm hng i

tng v hin i nht.

> V tr ca Control Center trong h thng WinCC:Control Center c trng cho lp cao nht trong h thong Win cc.

Tt c cc moduls ca ton b h thng WinCC u c bt u t y.

> Ni dung ca Control Centergm c:

Chc nng.

Cu trc.

Cc editor chun .

3.3. NI DUNG CA CONTROL CENTER.3.3.1. Chc nng.

Control Center cha tt c cc chc nng qun l cho ton h thng WinCC.

Trong Control Center, ta c th t cu hnh v khi ng module run-time.

3.3.1.1. Nhim v ca qun l d liu:Qun l d liu cung cp nh qu trnh vi cc gi tr ca tag. Tt c cc hot ng

ca qun l d liu u chy trn mtbackground (nn).

3.3.1.2.

Nhim v ca Control Center> Cc nhim v chnh ca Control Center: sLp

cu hnh hon chnh.sHng dn gii thiu vic

lp cu hnh.

SThch ng vic n nh, gi, v lu tr ccprojects.

SQun l ccprojects.

sC kh nng ni mng cc chc nng son tho cho nhiu ngi s dng

trong mtproject.SQun l phin bn.

sDin t bng th ca d liu cu hnh.

Siu khin v t cu hnh cho cc hnh v/ cu trc h thng.sThit lp


43/93



vic ci t ton cc.st cu hnh cho cc chc nng nh v c bit.s

To v son tho cc tham kho an cho.

SPhn hi ti liu.

SBo co trng thi h thng.sThit lp h thng ch.

SChuyn gia run-timer v cu hnh.

SKim tra ch m phng tr gip thao tc t cu hnh d liu, bao

gm dch hnh v, m phng tag, hin th trng thi, v to thng ip.3.3.2. cu trc.

Control Center c cc cu trc nhsau:

> Control Center:- Tm hiu WinCC trong Control Center. Giao din ha cho cu hnh

di mi trng Windows 95 v Windows NT.

- Qun l d liu: Cung cp nh qu trnh vi cc gi tr ca tag. Truyn

d liu m qun l d liu nhn t' cc h thng t ng.

> Cc module chc nng

- H thng ha (Graphic Designer): Hin th v kt ni qu trnh bng

th.

- Vit chng trnh cho cc thao tc (Global Scrips): To mt d n ng

cho cc yu cu c bit.

- H thng thng bo (Alarm Logging) : Xut cc thngbo v

hi p.

- Lun tr v son tho cc gi tr o lng (Tag Logging): Son tho

cc gi tr o lng v lu gi chng trong thi gian di. Son tho d liu

hng ngi s dng v lu gi chng trong thi gian di.

- H thng bo co (Report Designer) : Bo co trng thi hthng.

> Phn hi ti liu:

i vi Control Center, vic in ra mt h thng nh sn c trong Report


44/93



Designer phn hi ti liu. Tt c cc my tnh , tags, v cc kt ni c

nh hnh u c in ra bng print job hay hin th trn mn hnh.

> Cc ku d liu d n c xut ra bng cch phn hi ti

liu:

- My tnh: tn v kiu my tnh (Server hay Client).

- Tag management: tn tag, kiu d liu, kt ni,knh.

- Ket ni: kt ni, n v v tham s.3.4.Son tho.

Editor dng son tho v iu khin mt project hon chnh. Cc b

son tho trong Control Center:

Chong trnh son tho Gii thch

Alarm Logging (Bo ng) Nhn cc thng bo t cc qu

trnh chun b, hin th, hi p, v

lu tr cc thng bo ny.

User Administrator (Qun l

ngi dng)

Vic iu khin truy nhp s cho

php cho cc nhm v ngi s dng.


45/93



3.5. Cc thnh phn ca project trong Control Center

Mtprojectgm cc thnh phn sau:> My tnh.

> Qun l tag.

> Kiu d liu.

Text Library (Th vin vn bn) Cha cc vn bn tu thuc ngn

ng do ta to ra.

Report Designer (Bo co) Cung cp h thng bo co c

tch hp m ta c th s dng bo co

d liu, cc gi tr qu trnh hin hnh

v lu tr, cc thng bo hin hnh

v lu tr, h thng ti liu ca chnh

ngi s dng.

Global Scripts (Vit chng

trnh)

Cho php ta to cc d n ng ty

thuc vo tng yu cu c bit. B

son tho ny cho php ta to cc hm cv cc thao tc c th c s dng

trong mt hay nhiu projects ty theo

kiu ca chng.

Tag Logging X l cc gi tr o lng v lun

tr chng trong thi gian di.

Graphics Designer (Thit k

ha)

Cung cp cc mn hnh hin th v

kt ni n cc qu trnh.


46/93



> Son tho.

3.5.1.My tnh.Thnh phn Computer dng qun l tt c cc my tnh c th truy nhp

mtproject hin thi. Ta c th t cu hnh cho mi my tnh ring bit.Cc thuc tnh ca mt my tnh:

> Tn my tnh.

> Kiu my tnh.

sServer : My tnh trung tm lu tr d liu v qun l ton cc trong h

thng WinCC.

SClient : Cng c nh ngha nh mt workstation. Control Center c

ti cc b trong tng my tnh loi ny.

3.5.2. Qun l tag.Thnh phn ny c nhiu mc con nh : cc b iu khin truyn thng

qun l cc tag qu trnh, cc tag ni, cc kt ni logic v cc nhm tag.(Hnh3.5.2)B- j]jj T ag Management ) 3, S5TF

Es 5 application (CP1413-1 )

= Jl S5 application (CP1413-2)B i, S5TRSP

il S5-Transport [CP141 3-1 )

I S5-Transport (CP141 3-2)

B 'P3964R

mH S5-RK512 (3964R)

B S7

m-MS7-MPI I I SINEC-L2 = ySINEC-H1 B 'DDECHN m

J DDE S Internal lags

Hnh 3.5.2. Qun l nhn.3.5.2.1.Cc b iu khin truyn thng:

B iu khin truyn thng l giao din gia mt h thng PLC v WinCC. H

thng WinCC cha cc b iu khin truyn thng trong Knh DLL v B iu

khin truyn thng.Chng cho ta cc thng tin v:

Siu kin tin quyt cn x l cc tag qu trnh bng PLC.

SCc th tc chung kt ni vi tag ngoi.

SGii thiu cu hnh c bit ca knh DLL.


47/93



Cc kiu iu khin truyn thng nh: Modbus Protocol Suite.chn, Mitsubishi

FX.CHN, Profibus DP.CHN, Modbus serial.CHN, SIMATIC S7 Protocol

Suite.CHN, SIMATIC S5 ETHERNET TF.CHN...3.5.2.2.Khi knh:Mt knh WinCC c thc hin nh mt Windows DLL v c lin

kt ng vi h thng. Mi knh WinCC thc hin vic truy nhp cc kiu tham s

kt ni c bit vi cc nghi thc c bit (chng hn, knh SIMATIC S5 Ethernet

TF h tr vic truy nhp SIMATIC S5 vi TF Protocol). Mt knh DLL c th h

tr nhiu khi knh ca cng mt kiu.V d, knh DLL ca SIMATIC S5 Ethernet

TF c th c iu khin vi khi SINEC-H1 (CP1413) cng nh vi khi SINEC

-L2 (CP5412) ti cng mt lc. Qun l d liu ca WinCC i hi cc gi tr qu

trnh lc run time t PLC xa thng qua kt ni logic. Khi knh s thc hin cc

bc truyn thng cn thit p ng yu cu v cc gi tr qu trnh bng kt ni

knh c bit, v do cung cp cc gi tr quy trnh ny cho qun l d liu

WinCC. D liu c vo c lu tr nh nh qu trnh trong RAM ca my tnh.

Tt c cc thnh phn ca WinCC u truy nhp nh qu trnh ny. Cc kt ni

logic, cc nhm tag, v cc tags cng c th c n nh vo mt khi knh.(Hnh

3.5.2.2)

Hnh 3.5 2.2: Mng giao tip gia my tnh v PLC.

3.5.2.3.Kt ni:Mt kt ni logic m t giao din gia h thng t ng v qun l d

Terminal Bus Server Fileserver Client Client


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Page 48Nguyen Thnh CngThit B in -in T 3 -K50

liu WinCC.(Hnh 3.5.2.3)

Qun l d liu ca my server m trch vic cung cp cc tags vi cc

gi tr qu trnh khi run time. Qun l d liu cung cp cc gi tr qu trnh n

cc tags ni b ca n cng nh cc tags ca my Client tng ng. Qun l d

liu chuyn cc tags c truy cp n kt ni logic ca chng v do vy n

c knh thch hp. Cc knh s thc hin cc bc truyn thng cn thit

bng tuyn qu trnh theo cch ti u nht. Bng cch ny, vic gim thiu

chuyn d liu l cn thit trn tuyn qu trnh gn gi tr cho cc tags.

Danh sch cc tags c truy cp

Hnh3.5.2.3:Ket ni3.5.2.4.Tag:

Tags WinCC l phn t trung tm truy nhp cc gi tr qu trnh.

Trong mt project, chng nhn mt tn v mt kiu d liu duy nht. Ket ni

logic s c gn vi tag WinCC. Ket ni ny xc nh rng knh no schuyn giao gi tr qu trnh cho cc tags. Cc tags c lu tr trong c s d

liu ton d n. Khi mt ch ca WinCC khi ng, tt c cc tags trong

mtproject c np v cc cu trc run time tng ng c thit lp.

Mi tag c lu tr trong qun l d liu theo mt kiu d liu chun:> Tag ni:

Cc tags ni khng c a ch trong h thng PLC, do qun l d liu

bn trong WinCC s cung cp cho ton b network. Cc tags ni c dng

lu tr thng tin tng qut nh : ngy, gi hin hnh; lp hin hnh; cp nht

lin tc. Hn na, cc tags ni cn cho php trao i d liu gia cc ng dng

thc hin vic truyn thng cho cng qu trnh theo cch tp trung v ti u.> Tag ngoi:

c 3 3Logical Connection

Channel


49/93



Trong h thong WinCC, tag ngoi cng c hiu l tag qu trnh.

Cc tags ngoi c lin kt vi truyn thng logic. e phn nh thng tin v

a ch ca cc h thng PLC khc nhau, cc tags ngoi cha mt mc tng

qut gm cc thng tin v tn, kiu, cc gi tr gii hn v mt mc chuyn bit

v kt ni m cch din t ph thuc kt ni logic. Qun l d liu lun cung

cp nhng mc c bit ca tag ngoi cho cc ng dng trong mt mu vn

bn.3.5.2.5.Nhm tag:

Nhm tag cha tt c cc tags c kt ni logic ln nhau.

V d v cc nhm tag:

SCPU: nhm ny cha tt c cc tags truy nhp cng mt CPU.

SL nhit: nhm ny cha tt c cc tags truy nhp cho mt l.sI/O s:

nhm ny cha tt c cc tags truy nhp cc I/Os s.

SI/O tng t: : nhm ny cha tt c cc tags truy nhp cc I/Os tng

t.

Mt kt ni logic din t giao din gia h thng t ng v qun l d

liu. Mi nhm tag c gn vi mt khi knh. Mt knh c th cha nhiu

nhm tag.3.5.3. Cc kiu d liu:

Ta phi gn mt trong cc kiu d liu sau cho mi tag c nh cu

hnh. Vic gn kiu d liu cho tag c thc hin trong khi to mt tag mi.

Kiu d liu ca mt tag th c lp vi kiu tag (tag ni hay tag qu trnh).

Trong WinCC, mt kiu d liu no cng u c th c chuyn i thnh

kiu khc bng cch iu chnh li dng.3.5.3.1. Cc kiu d liu c trong WinCC:

Data Types _____________________ Format Adaptable

Binary Tag No


50/93


51/93


Page 51Nguyen Thnh CngThit B in -in T 3 -K50

Adapt Format

0 to 255

(no conversion) 0

to 2550 to 255

Floating-Point Number 32-Bit IEEE 754 Yes

Floating-Point Number 64-Bit IEEE 754 Yes

Text Tag 8-Bit Character Set No

Text Tag 16-Bit Character Set No

Raw Data Type No

Text Reference No

Structure Types No

3.5.3.2. Gii thiu vi kieu d liu thng dng:> Kiu d liu 8-bit khng du:kiu ny c di 1byte v khng

c du.

Number Range

ByteToUnsignedByte

ByteToUnsignedWord

ByteT oU nsignedD

word

ByteToSignedByte

ByteToSigned word

Oto 127

0 to 255

0 to 255ByteToSignedDword

ByteToBCDByte

ByteToBCDWord

ByteToBCDDword

ByteTo Aiken Byte

ByteToAikenWord

0 to 99

0 to 255

0 to 255

0 to 99

0 to 255


52/93




53/93

Thit k v dng m hnh thang my s dng bin tn - ng c KBWordToS5Counter 0 to 999


0 to 255

0 to 99

0 to 255

0 to 255

Adapt Format

ByteT o AikenD word ByteT oExcessByte

ByteToExcessWord

ByteT oExcessD word

> Kiu d liu 16 bit khng du:kiu ny di 2bytes v khng c

du.

Number Range

WordToUnsignedWord

WordToUnsignedByte

WordToUnsignedDword

WordToSignedByte

WordToSignedWord

WordToSignedDwordWordToBCDByte

WordToBCDWord

WordT oBCDDword

WordToAikenByte

WordToAikenWord

WordT o AikenDword

WordToExcessByteWordToExcessWord

WordT oExcessDword

0 to 65535 (no

conversion)

0 to 255 0

to 65535

Oto 127

0 to 32767 0 to

65535 0 to 99

0 to 9999

0 to 65535

0 to 99 0 to

9999 0 to

65535 0 to 99

0 to 9999

0to 65535


54/93



> Kiu d liu 32 bit khng du: kiu ny di 4 bytes v khng

c du.

Adapt Format Number Range

DwordT oU nsignedDword 0 to 4294967295

(no conversion)

DwordToUnsignedByte 0 to 255

DwordToUnsignedWord 0 to 65535

DwordToSignedByte Oto 127

DwordToSignedWord 0 to 32767

DwordToSignedDword 0 to 2147483647

DwordToBCDByte 0 to 99

DwordToBCDWord 0 to 9999

DwordToBCDDword 0 to 99999999

DwordToAikenByte 0 to 99

DwordToAikenWord 0 to 9999

DwordToAikenDword 0 to 99999999

DwordToExcessByte 0 to 99

DwordToExcessWord 0 to 9999

D wordT oExcessDword 0 to 99999999

DwordToS5Timer 10 to 9990000


55/93


Nguyn Thnh Cng Page 55Thit B in -in T 3 -K50

3.5.4. Son tho:Thnh phn son tho gm c: Alarm Logging, User Administrator,

Text Library, Report Designer, Global Scripts, Tag Logging, Graphic

Designer....3.6. GRAPHICS DESIGNER

3.6.1.Chc nng.Graphics Designer dng to cc hnh v t qu trnh. N c cc c

tnh sau:

SD s dng, giao din n gin vi cc mu ha v cng

c.

sHp l ha cu hnh vi cc th vin i tng v biu tng tch

hp.

SM ra cc giao din a vo cc hnh ha v h tr giao din

OLE 2.0.

sLin kt cc chc nng b sung bng c cu vit chng trnh rt

hiu qu.

SLin kt cc i tng ha m ta t to.

3.6.2.Cu trc:Graphics Designer cha cc mc sau:

> Cc palettes to v bin tp cc i tng ha.

sPalette mu sc.

sPalette i tng.s

Palette v kiu.s

Palette thu phng.s

Palette font ch.

> Cc palettes v cc thanh (bar) thao tc trn Graphics

Designer.

sThanh menu.s


56/93



Palette chun.

'SThanh trng thi.'SThanh layer.

'> Ca s hi thoi thit lp v thay i c tnh ca itng.

Sc tnh i tng.

> Palette i tng:

Cc i tng c sn c xp vo cc vng di y:

Standard Objects: gm cc hnh a gic, elip, hnh ch nht.

Smart Objects: gm cc OLE control, OLE object, bar, I/o field.

Window Objects: bao gom Button v Chech Box.

3.6.2.1. Standard Objects(Hnh 3.6.2.1 ) :

Hnh 3.6.2.1 : Standard Objects.

>Graphic Objects: dng v cc hnh h thng.

sStatic Text: thc thi nh mt text. Ta c th thay i hnh dng, v tr,

Standard Objects

/ Line

Polygon

Polyline

o Ellipseo Circle

Ellipse SegmentPie Segment

Ellipse Arc

r\ Circular Arc

Rectangle

3 Rounded Rectangle


57/93



Page 57

v ni dung ca text box khi ang run time.

3.6.2.2.Smart Objects: s Application Windows: l cc i tng

c qun l bi h thng thng bo (Alarm Logging), h thng lu tr (Tag

Logging), h thng bo co (Print Jobs), v cc ng dng (Global Scripts).

Trong Graphic Designer, cc c tnh bn ngoi (v tr, kch thc, v cc thuc

tnh khc) cng c t cu hnh v chuyn n ng dng khi run time, ng

dng m ra cc ca s ng dng v qun l n hin th v thao tc.

s Picture Windows: l i tng thu nhn cc hnh v c to t

Graphics Designer. Chng c cu hnh theo v tr, kch c, v cc c tnh

ng khc. V d mt c tnh quan trng l xem xt cc hnh v hin th

trong picture window.

s OLE Control: s dng OLE Control b sung thm phn t trong

Window (nh nt nhn hay hp chn la). Mt OLE Control c cc thuc tnh

c hin th trong ca so Object Properties, Event v c th son tho

.

s OLE Object: Graphics Designer h tr tnh nng chn vo mt OLE

Object trong ha. Sau khi thc hin vic chuyn i lin kt OLE Objecttrong hp i tng, ta phi truy cp s lin kt hin th nhng thay i.

sI/O field: ta c th s dng n nh mt input field, output field, hay mt

I/O field kt hp. Cc dng d liu c th c: nh phn, thp lc phn, thp

phn, hay chui. Ta cng c th nh r cc gi tr gii hn, u vo n, thu

nhn khi vng fieldb y.


58/93



s Bar: c gn vi nhm Smart Object. Cc thuc tnh ca n c nh

hng n hnh dng, tnh nng ca n v hin th cc gi tr lin quan gii hncao v thp.

sGraphic Object: nhn hnh v c to t mt dng ha bn ngoi

vo Graphic Designer.

SStatus Display: hin th c 32 trng thi khc nhau ca mt i tng.

Ta c th hin th bng cch kt ni n vi tag c gi tr tng ng vi trng

thi. S dng hp thoi t cu hnh cho mn hnh trng thi mt cch n

gin v nhanh chng.

sText List: s dng text list gn gi tr cho text. N c dng nh

mt input list, output list, hay text list kt hp. Cc dng d liu c th c: thp

phn, nh phn,bit.

S3D Bar: c gn vi nhm Smart Object. Cc thuc tnh ca n c nh

hng n hnh dng, tnh nng ca n v hin th cc gi tr lin quan gii hn

cao v thp. Ta c th t cu hnh hin th 3 chiu theo cch m ta mun. 3D

Bar 1 mt b phn ca hp la chniu Khin Qu Trnh C Bn.

sGroup Display: a ra mn hnh cc trng th hin ti ca cc kiu thngbo theo cch tp trung c th t. Khng c s kt ni vi h thng thng bo

trong WinCC.

3.6.2.3.Window Objects: sButton: dng iu khin cc ngt qutrnh. N nhn bit hai trng thi (nhn V khng nhn). S lin kt vi qu trnh

c thc hin bng cch to ra cc thuc tnh ng tng ng.

sCheck box: c s dng khi ta cn nhiu s la chn. Ta c th chn

mt hay nhiu hp trong Check Box. Mt lin kt linh hot vi qu trnh c thc thc hin bng cch to ra cc thuc tnh ng tng ng.

sOption Group: cng ging vi Check Box nhng ch cho php chn

mt. S lin kt qu trnh t Option Group c th c to trong khi run time


59/93



bng cch to ra cc thuc tnh ng tng ng.

sRound Button: thc hin nh mt button cho cc ngt qu trnh hotng. Tuy nhin, ngc li vi button, n cho php cht c hai trng thi nhn

v khng nhn.

sSlider: thc hin nh mt b hiu chnh dch chuyn iu khin qu

trnh ( v d nh iu khin nhit ). Tm iu khin nm gia gi tr min v

max. Ta c th lin kt vi qu trnh bng cc thuc tnh ng thchhp.3.6.3. Tab Property:

Tab Property dng xc nh thuc tnh cho i tng c chn.

> Subject Tree: cc thuc tnh ca i tng c sp xp thnh nhm.Khi ta chn mt nhm t Subject Tree, cc thuc tnh tng ng s

c hin th. Subject Tree gm c:sGeometry (hnh hc).sColors

(mu sc).sStyles (kiu).sFlashing (chp sng).sFilling (y).s

Font (kiu ch).sLimits (gii hn).sAxis (trc ta ).s

Miscellaneous (cc thuc tnh khc).sOutput/Input (vo/ ra).

>Attributes: ta c ththay i thuc tnhbng cchs dng cc gi

tr u vo, cc bng mu, hay menu da vokiu thuctnh. Ta c th

to cc thuc tnh ng bng cch s dng tag hay gi tr tr v ca mt thao

tc.3.6.4. Tab event:

Trong tab Event, ta xc nh nhng thao tc no c thc hin bi i

tng chn.

>Subject Tree: gm c cc phn nh sau:

SChut.

sBn phm.

SCc thuc tnh khc.

SCc thuc tnh ca i tng.


60/93

Thit k v dng m hnhthang my s dng bin tn - ng c KB


>Event: nu mt s kin c lin kt vi mt thao tc, th biu tng tia

chp # s chuyn sangmu xanh. Cc hm chun c sn cho cc thao tc m tac th chn trong hp thoi. Ta cng c th lp trnh cho cc thao tc bng

ngn ng lp trnh c.

>Object Event: mi i tng trong hnh v c th lin kt vi cc thao

tc.

>Ta c th to ra mt thaotc bng cc s kin sau:

sS kin nhn hay nh chut bng nt tri hoc phi.

SS kin nhn hay nh phm.

sCc s kin khc: thay i i tng.

cc s kin lin kt thuc tnh cho i tng:

- Thay i thuc tnh i tng.

- Thay i trng thi ca tag c nh hng n thuc tnh ca i

tng.


61/93



> Triggering Events: vic to cc s kin ph thuc vo i tng ta

chn t Subject Tree.Action (A...) hin th mt thao tc c n nh hay mt kt ni trc

tip.

> Selecting the Action:

S c Action:C Action xy ra khi lin kt s kin vi hm nh trong ngn ng lp

trnh ANSI-C v c to mt cch tun hon bi cc s kin.Biu tng tia

chp chuyn sang mu xanh khi s kin c kt ni vi mt hm.

s Direct Connection:

Dng ca s hp thoi Direct Connection chn phn t' ngun v

lin kt n vi phn t ch.

Khi kt ni trc tip c thc hin cho mt s kin th biu tng tia

chp cng chuyn sang mu xanh.CHNG 4

THUYT MINH THIT K M HNH THANG MY

4 TNG4.1. Vn thay i tn s in p stato ng c khng ng

b :

Ti liu [2] :

Trong :


62/93



Ri, R2ln lt l in tr stato,roto. xnm= Xi + X 2 l in khng ngn mch, sh s trt.

v nguyn l, khi thay i tn s fi th 0)0 = 27cf/psthay iv siu chnh c tc ng c khng ng b.Nhng khi thayi tn s

fi i1fim th s lm thay i ch lm vic ca ng c.Gi s mch stato:

Ei ~ c)fi.

Trong : E] l scinng cm ng trong cun dy stato ;

l t thng mc vng qua cun dy stato ;c l hng s t l ;

fi l tn s dng in stato ;

Neu b qua st p trn tng tr cun dy stato th ta c :


63/93



U] ~ E l ~ cOf].

Suy ra nu fi = var, Ui =const th o = var ,c th nh sau :

Nu gim fi < f]m, iu chnh tc co < comm gi Ui ~ E l ~ cOf]khng i th o s tng ln,mch t ng c s b bo ha,in khng mch t

gim xung v dng t ha s tng ln lm cho ng c qu ti v t,lm pht

nng ng c,gim tui th ca ng c,thm ch nu nng qu nhit cho

php th ng c c th b chy.

Neu gim fi > fim ,nu gi Ui ~ E l ~ cOfi khng i v ph ti Mckhng

i m khi lm vic ,mmen M ~ KOI2coscp = Mc=const .Vy khi s b qu ti

v dng,n cng b pht nng lm xu ch lm vic ca ng c hoc b

chy .

V vy khi thay i tn s fi iu chnh tc th ngi ta thng kt

hp thay i in p stato Ui.u im ca bin tn l iu chnh tc v cp,nhng gi thnh li

t.

> Mt s cu trc b bin i tn s [ti liu 3]:

- B bin tn trc tip :gm 2 nhm b bin i ni song song ngc

s dng linh kin h tiristo.N cho php bin i trc tip 1 in p xoay chiu

tn s fi thnh in p xoay chiu tn s f2.c im tn s v in p ra lun

nh hn tn s v p vo .Thng dng cho cc loi ti cng sut ln v d nh

h truyn ng ng c ng b,yu cu thng xuyn lm vic tc thp. - B bin tn ma trn :c im in p ra nh hn in p vo.

- B bin tn gin tip :thc cht l s kt hp gia 2 mch chnh lu

v nghch lu v l b bin tn ph bin nht hin nay.- B bin tn bng k thut iu ch rng xung PWM .


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Hnh 4.3 : ng CO'thang my

4.2. L thuyt tnh ton m hnh thang my.

-ng c in l phn t quan trng ca my thang, n cung cp c nng

cho vic di chuyn bung thang ,c th dng ng c AC hoc DC. ng c c ni vi puli ma st c th c hp gim tc hoc khng c hp

gim tc, phn ln l c hp gim tc. ng c c s dng c tc nh

mc khong 600 4 1200 vng/pht.

-Mt s loi ng cin thng c s dng cho truyn ng trong

thang my :

+ ng c in mt chiu: Loi ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp

c s dng do c c tnh c cng, d iu chnh tc nhng tui th

khng cao do ng c c chi than vnh trt. Hin nay th ang dn c thay

th bng ng c xoay chiu kt hp vi bin tn,tng lai khng xa s b thay

th hon ton.

+ ng c in xoay chiu khng ng b: c s dng rng ri nht

chim u th nht trn th trng hin nay,kch thc gn hn ng c in

mt chiu c cng cng sut, cu to n gin nn d bo tr.

+ ng c in xoay chiu ng b :chy m,c tnh c cng tuyt i

nn dng tng rt chnh xc nhng gi thnh t.


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Theo [ti liu 4 v 5] tc gi gii thiu cch tnh chn cho thang my

trn thc t nh sau :

> tnh chon cng sut ng c truyn ng, di chuyn bungthar. cn phi ccc iu kin v thng, s sau:

-S ng hc ca c cu nng thang my.

-Tr s tc v gia tc gii hn cho php.

-Trng ti ca thang my

-Khi lng ca bung thang v i trng

-Ch lm vic ca thang my

> Tnh chon cng sut ns c cn thc hin theo cc bc sau: -Chn s b cng sut ng c da trn cng sut cn tnh.

-Xy dng th ph ti ton phn c tnh n ch qu

-Kim tra cng sut ng c theo iu kin pht nhit( theophng php dng in ng tr hoc mmen ng tr)

Cng sut cn tnh ca ng c khi nng ti khng dng i trng

c tnh theo cng thc.

(G + Gbt^.vgpc= ------^10'

3(kw) (1)

'ITrong :

G - khi lng ca hng ho, kg;

Gbt- khi lng ca bung thang, kg;

V - tc nng hng, m/s;

T| - hiu sut ca c cu nng, thng ly bng 0,5 + 0,8 g -

gia tc trng trng, m/s2.

Khi c i trng, cng sut cn tnh khi nng ti ca ng c c tnhtheo biu thc:

Pcn=[(G+Gbt)-Gdt. ].v.k.g.lO'3(KW)(2)

n


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V khi h ti:

Pch=[(G+Gbl). +Gdt.l/?].v.k.g.10-3(KW)

Trong :

pcn: cng sut cn tnh ca ng c khi nng c dng i trng, kwpch: cng sut cn tnh ca ng c khi h c dng i trng, kw.k : h s c tnh n ma st trong cc thanh dn hng ca bung thang v

i trng; thng chn 1,15-5-1,3.Gdt: khi lng ca i trng, kg.

Khi tnh chn khi lng i trng Gt, lm sao cho khi lng ca n

cn bng c vi khi lng ca bung thang Gbt v mt phn khi lng cahng ho G. Khi lng ca i trng c tnh theo biu thc sau:

Gdt= Gbt+ aG (kg)

Trong a l h s cn bng, tr s ca n thng ly bng a = 0,3 ^ 0,6.

Phn ln cc thang my ch khch ch vn hnh y ti trng nhng gi

cao im, cn li lun lm vic non ti nn a thng ly t'

0, 35 - 0,4.

i vi thang my ch hng, khi nng thng lm vic y , cn khi h

thng khng ti (G = 0) nn chn a = 0,5.Da vo cc biu thc (1) v (2) c th xy dng biu ph ti (n

gin ho) ca ng c truyn ng v chn s b cng sut ng c trong cc

s tay tra cu.

xy dng biu ph ti ton phn (biu ph ti chnh xc) cn

phi tnh n thi gian tng tc, thi gian hm ca h truyn ng, thi gian

ng, m ca bung thang v ca tng, s ln dng ca bung thang, thi gian

ra, vo bung thang ca hnh khch trong thigian cao im. Thi gian ra vo

ca hnh khch thng ly bng 1 s cho mt hnh khch. S ln dng ca

bung thang (tnh theo xc sut).

Mc khc, khi tin hnh xy dng biu ph ti ton phn cng cn phi


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tnh n mt s yu t khc ph thuc vo ch vn hnh v iu kin khai

thc thang my nh: thi gian ch khch, thi gian thang my lm vic vi tc

thp khi n gn tng cn dng v.v...

Khi tnh chn chnh xc cng sut ng c truyn ng thang my cn

phi phn bit hai ch ca ti trng: ti trng ng u (hu nh khng i)

v ti trng bin i.

>Phng php tnh chon cng sut ng c vi ch ti trongng_

u thc hin theo cc bc sau:

\)Tnh lc ko ca cp t ln vnh bnh ngoi ca pui ko cp trong c

cu nng, kh bung thang cht y ti ng tng 1 v cc ln dng theo dkin.

F = (G + Gbt - Gt - kl AG1 )g (N)

Trong :

kl - s ln dng theo d kin ca bung thang.

AG1 - thay i ca ti trng sau mi ln dng, kg

2)Tnh momen theo lc ko

M=. [N.m] (F>0)i.rF.R.n

M=l. [N.m] (F


68/93



bung thang ca hnh khch).

4)Da trn kt qu ca cc bc tnh ton trn, tnh momen ng tr v

tnh chn cng sut ca ng c m bo tho man iu kin M > Mt.

5)Xy dng biu ph ti ton phn ca h truyn ng c tnh n

qu trnh qu , tin hnh kim nghim ng c theo dng in ng tr.

i vi ch ph ti khng ng u, cc bc tnh chn cng sut

ng c truyn ng tin hnh theocc bc nu trn. Nhng tnh lc ko

t ln puli ko cp phi c biu thay i ca ti trng theo tng tng mt

khi bung thang di chuyn ln v xung.

4.3. Tnh chn ng c,cc thit b iu khin cho m hnh

thang my.

Do n l m hnh nn khi tnh chn ng c thang my theo cc bc

nh trn c rt nhiu thng s v s liu thc t khng th c c trn m

hnh, v vy vic tnh chn ng c y tc gi ch xin trnh by s b v

cch tnh chn ng c ko c cabin v i trng nh trn m hnh:Khi lng ca Cabin: Gcb=5(kg)

Khi lng ca i trng: Gt=3(kg)

Khi lng dy cp trn m hnh khng ng k(nn khi tnh b qua

khi lng dy cp)Gia tc trng trng : g=9,8(m/s2)

Vn tc ko thang: v=0,25 (m/s)

H s ma st: k=l,3

Bn knh rng rc: R=0,025 (m)

Ly hiu sut ca c cu truyn l:

Cng sut cn tnh ca ng c khi nng ti l:

Pcn=(Gcb -Gdt. ).v.k.g. (W)

=(5/0,8-3.0,8).0,25.1,3.9,8=12,26(W)


69/93



Khi h ti l:

Pch

=(Gbt

. +Gdt./Tj).v.k.g.(W)

=(5.0,8+3/0,8).0,25.1,3.9,8=24,68(W)

Lc ko ca cp t ln vnh bnh ngoi ca rng rc l:

F=(Gcb-Gt).g=19.6 (N)

Mmen ca ng c khi nng ti:

Mn= R / T|=19,8.0,025/0,8=0,62(N.m)

Mmen khi h ti:

Mh=F.R. =19,8.0,025.0,8=0,4(N.m)Vn tc gc ca ng c:

cov/R=0,25/0,025=10(rad/s)

Tc ng c:

n=60)/27t=96 (vng/pht)

V ti tt nghip l thit k m hnh thang my s dng bin tn v

ng c KB nn trong m hnh tc gi tn dng ng c khng ng

b 3 pha r to lng sc c sn p ng tha mn cc yu cu c cc thngs

sau:Pm=250(W)


70/93


71/93

Thit k v dng m hnh thangmy s dng bin tn - ng c

KB4.4. M hnh thang my.


Hinh 4.4 M hnh thang my


72/93



Page 72

4.5.1.GII THCH L u THUT TON THANG M Y:Khi c lnh gi thang, hoc chn tng th thang my s xc nh v tr ca

thang, lu lnh gi, sau tin hnh so snh vi cc lnh.

-Neu lnh > v tr ca thang th thang s i ln, trong qu trnh i ln nu c bt

k lnh mi th thang s lu lnh v xt c c u tin qu giang trong hnh trnh

ln khng? Neu c th khi i ln, ti v tr ca lnh mi thang s dng li v gi

iu khin m ca cabin, sau xo lnh nh i. V tip tc i ln thc hin

cc lnh c u tin trong hnh trnh ln, cho n khi kt thc hnh trnh. Trong

trng hp lnh mi khng c u tin qu giang, th lnh ny s c lu li

trong b nh c so snh vi v tr ca thang. Sau khi phc v ht cc lnh utin trong hnh trnh ln th mi tip tc thc hin lnh ny.

-Neu lnh = v tr ca thang th thang s gi ngay chng trnh iu khin m

ca v sau xo lnh v ch thc hin lnh mi.

-Neu lnh < v tr ca thang th thang s i xung, trong qu trnh i xung nu

c bt k lnh mi no th thang s c c u tin qu giang khng trong hnh

trnh xung khng? Neu c th khi i xung, ti v tr ca lnh mi thang s dng

li v gi iu khin m ca cabin, sau xo lnh nh i. V tip tc i xung

thc hin cc lnh c u tin trong hnh trnh xung, cho n khi kt thc

hnh trnh xung. Trong trng hp lnh mi khng c u tin qu giang, th

lnh ny s c lu li trong b nh c so snh vi v tr ca thang. Sau khi

phc v ht cc lnh un tin trong hnh trnh xung th mi tip tc thc hin lnh

ny.4.5.2. GII THCH LU THUT TON IU KHIN CACABIN.

Khi c lnh gi iu khin ca cabin, th ng c s m ca nu

trong qu trnh m khng c lnh gi ng cng bc(ngCB) th ca c mv chm vo cng tc hnh trnh ngt m(CTHTM). ng c s dng li trong 5s

sau ng li. Neu c iu kin ng cng bc th ng c s ng li khng


73/93



c thi gian tr. Trng hp khi ang m th c lnh ng cng bc, ng c s

ng li. Trong hnh trnh ng nu khng c lnh m cng bc th ng c s

ng li n khi gp cng tc hnh trnh ngt ng(CTHT) ng c s dng li.

V s kt thc bi ton iu khin ca cabin. Neu ang ng c lnh m cng

bc th ng c s m ca v lp li thao tc nh trn n khi kt thc bi ton

iu khin ca.4.5.3. CODE LP TRNH PLC CHO BI TON IU KHIN THANGMY.

Gm 4 chng trnh con v 1 chng trnh chnh(Main): Chng trnh con

gm:

1) Chng trnh xc nh v tr ca thang v hin th

2) Chng trnh c ,so snh lnh v x l lnh

3) Chng trnh iu khin ca cabin.

4) Chng trnh xo lnh.

Symblo Table address Comment

CB1 10.0 cambien

ledA QO.O led hien thi

ledB Q0.1 led hient hi

ledc Q0.2 led hien thi

GoichonlU 10.1 chonvagoitangl


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Goi2U 10.2 goi tang 2 theo chieu

len

Goi2D 10.3 goi tang 2 theo chieuxuong

Chont2 10.4 chontang2

Goi3U 10.5 goi tang 3 theo

chieu lenGoi3D 10.6 goi tang 3 theo chieu

xuongChont3 10.7 chon tang 3

Goichon4D 11.0 chon va goi tang4

CBdungtang II.1 dung de dug

chinhxacChonl Ml.l chon tangl

Tang l M0.1 bit ao goi tang 1

Chon2 Ml.2 chon tang2

Tang2 MO.2 goi tang 2

theo chieu len

Tang2D M2.2 goi 2 theo chieu

xuongChon3 Ml.3 chon tang 3

Tang3D M2.3 goi 3 theo chieu xuong

Tang3 MO.3 goitang 3 theo

chieu lenT ang4D MO.4 goi tang 4 theo chieu

xuongChon4 M1.4 chon tang 4

Chaylen Q0.4 chaythuan

Chayxuong Q0.5 chaynguoc

CTHTD 11.2 cong tac har


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trinh dong

CTHTM 11.3 cong tac har trinh mo


76/93

Thit k v dng m hnh thang my s dng bin tn - ng c KB4.5.4.CHNG TRNH XC INH VI TR CA THANG V HIN THI


C1CU CTU

R

PV

TNG.

Chng trnh xc nh v tr ca thang s dng b m. Trong hnh trnh lnkhi cm bin xc nh tng nhn tn hiu(CBl) th bin m VBO c tng ln

l,cn trong hnh trnh xung khi cm bin xc CB1 nhn tn hiu th bin m

VBO c gim i.

Network 1: c nhim v gn gi tr VB0=1 trong vng qut u tin.

Network2: Thit lp b m CB1 m tng. Khi c tn hiu chy

ln(M4.0)v tn hiu cm bin xc nh tng c set th tng gi tr b m.

B m c t gi tr bng 1, v sau mi ln b m c set th li c

reset ngay khi CB1 khng tch cc.

Network 2

IIM4.0 CB1

I I 1 ICB1

I I -----------------------------------------+1-

Network 1SM0.1 MOV BI I EN EN I I

1- IN OUT


77/93


Page 77

C1

Thit k v dng m hnh thang my s dng bin tn - ng c KBNetwork3:

Tng gi tr ca bin m VBO ln 1 khi bt C1 c setNetwork 3

Network4: Thit lp b m C2 m gim. Khi c tn hiu chy xung M4.1

c set v CB1 c set th C2 c set. Tng t nh Cl, C2 cng c

reset sau mi ln m.Network 4

INC BI EN ENG NJI A

VBO- IN OUT -VBO- p

Network5: Gim gi tr bi n m VBO khi C2 tchcc.

Network 5

I giam VB di khi gap cam bien va trong hanh trinh xuongC2

II p I EN DEC_B

ENO\1

I I 1VBO- IN OUT VBO

CB1 C2CU CTU

R

PV

M4.1

CB1


78/93



Page 78

Network6: Hin th n bo tng

Network 6

I tang 1 (ledA), tang 2 ledB, tang 3 ledMedB, tang 4 ledC

Network7: Hin th n ln,xungNetwork 7

SMO.O VBO

I1

ledAs1

ledB

R

2

ledB

s1ledA

R

1

ledC

R

1ledA

s2

ledC

R

1ledC

s1

ledA

R

2

VBO

I2

VBO

h3

VBO

h4

SMO.O Chaylen

H hledlen


79/93


80/93



Page 80


81/93

Thit k v dng m hnh thang my s dng bin tn - ng c KBNetwork2: Khi lnh > v tr th set iu kin cho thang my chy ln M4.0


Chayxuong M4.1 M4.0

' h ----------1'I -------- c )

VBO

I I4

T ang4D

VBO

I B h1

Chaylen M4.0 M4.1

H ' \ -------1'I ---------- c )T angl u

Chon2 VBO

H > Bh2T ang2D

Tang2U

Chon3 VBO

H > Bh3T ang3D

T ang3U


82/93



Page 82

Network4: i u kin lnh dng ti t ng c giNetwork 4

SMO.O Chon3 M3.1

Test Client Status: OffII Item ID 1 Value 1 Time Stamp 1 Quality 1 1


90/93



Find...


91/93


92/93



PH LC

> TI LIU THAM KHO :

1. TCVN-1993

2. MY IN 1(V GIA HANH -NXB KHOA HC K thut;.

3. TNH TON THIT K THIT B IU KHIN (TRN VN

THNH -NXB GIO Dc;.

4. TRANG B IN-IN T MY CNG NGHIP DNG CHUNG

(V QUANG HI -NGUYN VN CHT - NGYN TH LIN

ANH -NXB GIO DC).

5. THANG MY CU TO -LA CHN LP T V s DNG (V

LIM CHNH -PHM QUANG DNG -HOA VN NG -

NXB GIO DC ).

6. SLIDE TRUYN NG IN (HXUN HA -B MN THIT

B IN).

7. CATALOG V MANUAL COMMANDERSK CA HNG EMERSON.

8. SLIDE THIT B LP TRNH (V THANH -B MN THIT B

IN).

9. MANUAL WIN cc CA HNG SIMENS.10.TU LIU TRN INTERNET,http://www.plc-siemens.com

http ://www. M itsubishi-elevator.com

http://www.otis.com
http://www.plc-siemens.com/http://www.plc-siemens.com/http://www.plc-siemens.com/http://www.otis.com/http://www.otis.com/http://www.plc-siemens.com/


93/93


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