*BI GINGTHC S: PHM TH THANH LIN

Thng 04 NM 2014 TRNG I HC V TRNG TONKHOA DC B MN SINH HC THC VT DC

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MC TIU

1. M t c cc phn ca l v hnh dng l.2. Nu c cc kiu l v h gn l.3. Trnh by c cc cch sp xp ca l trn cnh.4. Trnh by c cu to gii phu ca l cy lp Ngc lan, lp Hnh v Ht trn.

NI DUNGCU TO GII PHUHNH THICc phn ca lCc th gn lCc kiu lCch sp xp l trn cnhCc l bin i

KHI QUT V L

L c quan dinh dng ca cyCu to: i xng qua mt phngChc nng: quang hp, h hp v thot hi nc.

HNH THI1. Cc phn ca l

Phin lCung lB lL kmLi nhB chaLi nh

Phin lPhin l thng xanh lcMng, rng. 2 mt: - Mt trn (mt bng)- Mt di (mt lng)Gn l: 1 gn chnh v nhiu gn ph

Thiu phin l, Cung l hnh phin: Cung hnh l(Dip th)Cy keo bng vng

Cung lCung l: Hnh tr, ni vi phin l

Cung l c th c cnh hai bn (cung l Bi).

B lB l: Phn rng di cung l, m ly thn.Thng gp H La, h Hoa tn, h Cau, h RyThn gi: cc b l m vo nhau lm thnh mt tr ng trng nh mt thn (L cy Chui v cy Ti ty.)

Thn giL cn c cc phn ph: l km, li nh, b cha.

L km (l b)Hai phin nh mc y cung.Tn ti/rng sm, c th ri hay dnh nhau hoc dnh vo cung l (l cy h Hoa hng) Gp phn quan trng trong vic nhn nh loi.

Li nh (mp l)Mng mng nh ni phin l ni vi b l.Thng gp: H Gng, h La

B cha (Ochrea)B cha: Mng mng m thn pha trn ch cung l nh vo thn Gp H Rau rm

HNH THI- Cc th gn lL mt gn (Ngnh Ht trn)Gn song song (Lp Hnh)Gn hnh lng chim(L mt, v sa)Gn hnh chn vt (L u )Gn hnh lng (L sen)Gn hnh vng cung (L trm)

I. HNH THI-3. Cc kiu lL n: cung l khng phn nhnh, ch mang mt phin duy nht

L kp: cung l phn nhnh, mi nhnh mang 1 phin l (l cht, l ph)L kp lng chimL kp chn vt

L kp lng chimL kp chn vt

I. HNH THI-3. Cc kiu l- l n

L thy: Vt kha khng su ti 1/4 phin l. Phn loi: C 2 loi l thy+ L thy hnh lng chim nh l Trng nguyn + L thy hnh chn vt nh l Sau sau, l cy Bng. L ch: Vt kha vo ti 1/4 phin l. C 2 loi: + L ch hnh lng chim + L ch hnh chn vt. L x: Vt kha vo st tn gn l. C 2 loi:+ L x hnh lng chim + L x hnh chn vt.I. HNH THI-3. Cc kiu l- l n

I. HNH THI-3. Cc kiu l- l nL hnh timL hnh thnL hnh gm

L kp hnh lng chim

L kp hnh lng chim lL kp hnh lng chim chn

I. HNH THI- 4. Cc l bin i

VyGaiTua cunL bcL n thtTuyn mt ca lL chm di ncL cy kh hu kh

Vy: - mng v dai bo v hoc dy ln v mng nc d tr (thn hnh ca cy Hnh, Ti, Kiu...), - vy chi non bo v chi.Gai: gim bt thot hi nc v bo v cy gai c th do cnh bin i (gai B kt), gai c th do lng biu b dnh vo nhau (gai Hoa hng) I. HNH THI- 4. Cc l bin i

Tua cun: L c th bin i thnh tua cun Tua cun c ngun gc t thn nh cy Nho Tua cun c ngun gc t cnh nh h Bu bL bc: L l mang hoa nch. I. HNH THI- 4. Cc l bin i

I. HNH THI- 4. Cc l bin i L cy n tht: Hnh dng ca l bin i thch nghi vi tc dng bt mi. VD: l cy Np m c hnh bnh to cha dch tiu ho tiu ho cn trng ri vo, Bo t (c T g) mt l c nhiu lng tit cht dnh gi su b li.

I. HNH THI- 4. Cc l bin i Tuyn mt ca l: ng c th ng li trn l nhng v tr gi l tuyn mt. VD: cyThu du, hai bn cung l c nhng tuyn mt.

I. HNH THI- 4. Cc l bin i L chm di nc: Thng phin l c hnh di hp, cutin mng, khng c l kh, m mm c khuyt to, g thng t. L cy kh hu kh: Cu to ca l bin i gim bt s thot hi nc... VD: lp cutin dy, l kh nm su trong ging hoc nhng huyt c lng, c m cha nc trong l.

I. HNH THI- 5. Cch sp xp l trn cnhMc cch: Mi mu c mt l. Cng thc xp l:1/2: (h La) gi l l song nhgc 180o1/3: (h Ci) gi l l tam nh gc 120o2/5: Cng thc ny kh ph bin gc 144o

I. HNH THI- 5. Cch sp xp l trn cnh

Mc i: Mi mu c 2 l. L mc i cho ch thpMc vng: Mi mu c t 3 l tr ln.

I. HNH THI- 6. Tin khai lTin khai l l cch sp xp ca l trong chi.Phn loi: 4 loiTKL phngTKL gpTKL cunTKL ph

I. HNH THI- 6. Tin khai lTin khai phng: L non vn phng trong chi.L gp: C 3 kiuTin khai xp dc: L non gp i theo chiu dc ca gn gia. Tin khai xp ngang: L non gp ngang, thng gc vi gn gia.Tin khai nhn: L non xp dc nhiu ln ging nh cy qut (l Da, l Cau).

L cun:- Tin khai qun trong: Khi 2 mp l cun v pha trn ca l. Tin khai qun ngoi: Khi 2 mp cun v pha mt di ca l.- Tin khai ui mo: L non qun thnh hnh cn d t ngn l (l Dng x). Tin khai hnh ci: L non cun thnh hnh ci.I. HNH THI- 6. Tin khai l

L ph:Tin khai ci: L gp i theo chiu dc, l ngoi p ln l trong (l La dn).Tin khai na ci: Mi l gp i theo chiu dc v ch p ln mt na l khc cng gp i theo chiu dc.Tin khai van: Mp cc l khng ph ln nhau.Tin khai lp: Mp cc l p ln nhau ta nh cc vin ngi p ln mi nh.I. HNH THI- 6. Tin khai l

II. CU TO GII PHUL cy lp Ngc lanL cy lp HnhL cy Ht trn

Cu to cung l:- Biu b M dy M mm v H thng dnII. CU TO GII PHU1. L cy lp Ngc lan

II. CU TO GII PHU1. L cy lp Ngc lanCu to cung l: i xng qua mt mt phngBiu b: Ni tip biu b ca thnM dy: Thng nm di cc ch li ca biu b.M mm v: t bo c dip lc. Trong m mm v c th c khuyt, ng tit, t bo m cng...H thng dn: Cng v phin l, cu to b dn cng gim i. B dn lun lun c i xng vi mt mt phng, b to pha di, b nh trn.

Khi b dn to thnh mt vng lin tc cu to tng t thn

Khi b dn chia thnh tng b ri: mt hay nhiu b pha di vi libe di v mt hay nhiu b trn vi libe mt trn.

Khi b dn to thnh hnh vng cung hng v mt di libe pha ngoi, g pha trong; ni b v tr b?; ty v m mm v ?

II. CU TO GII PHU-1. L cy lp Ngc lan Cu to phin l: Gn l quy t, to v li v pha di

Cu to phin l:Cu to ca gn gia:Cu to: Biu b trn v biu b di. M dy. Cc b libe gII. CU TO GII PHU-1. L cy lp Ngc lan

Cu to phin l:Cu to ca gn gia: Cu to gn gia lc u ging cung, nhng n n gin dn khi i v cht l.Cu to: Biu b trn v biu b di. M dy. Cc b libe g c th xp thnh hnh vng cung hoc vng trn, libe ngoi, g trong. cht l, g ch cn l vi mch vng hoc xon

II. CU TO GII PHU-1. L cy lp Ngc lan

Cu to phin l:Cu to ca phin l chnh thc:Biu b: trn, di.Lng che ch, lng tit, l kh. L kh c th t trong ging or phng l kh

II. CU TO GII PHU-1. L cy lp Ngc lan

II. CU TO GII PHU-1. L cy lp Ngc lanS phn b ca l kh trn cc loi l nh sau: - L nm ngang: L kh ch c mt di hoc c nhiu mt di. - L mc ng (nhn nh sng u 2 mt): S lng l kh 2 mt nh nhau.- L ni trn mt nc: L kh c mt trn.- L chm di nc: khng c l kh.S lng l kh trn l thay i, thng trung bnh 400 l kh/mm2.

Cu to phin l:Cu to ca phin l chnh thc:Tht l: H b (ko lc lp, cha nc)Cy sng trong nc tht mngCy mng nc tht l dyGp ti tit, tb tit, th cng2 loi m mm: ? cu to ng th, d th.?

II. CU TO GII PHU-1. L cy lp Ngc lan

II. CU TO GII PHU-1. L cy lp Ngc lanTht l c th gp hai loi m mm:

- M mm dip lc hnh giu (m mm giu)- M mm khuyt

II. CU TO GII PHU-1. L cy lp Ngc lan M mm dip lc hnh giu (m mm giu): - Cu to bi nhng t bo di, xp kht nhau, thng gc vi lp biu b ging nh nhng cc hng ro. - M mm ny cha rt nhiu lc lp, ty loi cy m m mm giu c th gm mt hay nhiu lp t bo.

II. CU TO GII PHU-1. L cy lp Ngc lan M mm khuyt:

Cu to bi nhng t bo trn hoc hnh dng khng u, xp h nhng khong trng cha kh gi l khuyt. M mm ny t lc lp hn m mm giu.

II. CU TO GII PHU-1. L cy lp Ngc lanTy theo cch sp xp ca hai loi m mm trn, ta phn bit hai kiu cu to: Cu to ng th: + Gia hai lp biu b ch c mt loi m mm, thng l m mm khuyt. + Cch cu to ny gp cc loi l nhn nh sng ng u hai mt hay nhng l cy mng nc nh cy Thuc bng.

II. CU TO GII PHU-1. L cy lp Ngc lan Cu to d th: + Gia hai lp biu b c hai loi m mm. Nu di biu b trn l m mm giu, trn biu b di l m mm khuyt, ta gi l cu to d th bt i xng. + Kiu cu to ny gp l nm ngang (nhn nh sng mt trn nhiu hn mt di).

II. CU TO GII PHU-1. L cy lp Ngc lan

II. CU TO GII PHU-1. L cy lp Ngc lan1. d th bt i xng 2. ng th 3. d th i xng

Cu to b l: Ging phin l

+ biu b 2 mt, + m mm dip lc, + libe g xp vng cung

II. CU TO GII PHU-1. L cy lp Ngc lan

II. CU TO GII PHU- 2. L cy lp HnhThng l khng cungRt nhiu b libe g xp u thnh mt hng trong phin l, tng ng vi cc gn l song song. S lng mch g/b thng gim nhng kch thc mch kh rng.Hai lp biu b u c l kh.Tht l: 1 loi m mm ng ho,Khng c m dy, m cng thng pht trin rt nhiu h La, h Ci, l c th cun li gim bt s thot hi nc nh biu b trn c nhng t bo to, gi l t bo bt

II. CU TO GII PHU- 2. L cy lp Hnh

L thng hnh vy, hnh kim. Khng c l km, thng ch 1 gnCu to: Biu b c vch dy ho g, lp cutin dy, l kh nm su trong ging. Di biu b l hai hoc ba lp t bo h b c vch dy ho g. M mm dip lc ng ho c mng xp np, c ng tit nha m, mi ng tit c bao bi mt vng m cng.II. CU TO GII PHU-. L cy ngnh Ht trn

Ni b r. gia c 2 b libe g (i khi c 1 b), phn ln c cu to cp 2. G 2 c cu to bi nhng mch ngn c chm hnh ng tin. G 1 l nhng mch vng, mch xon. Gia ni b v cc b mch l m truyn gm hai loi t bo: nhng t bo sng c vch khng ho g v nhng t bo cht, c vch ho g v c chm hnh ng tin. C th gp t si m cng gia m truyn v libe.II. CU TO GII PHU-. L cy ngnh Ht trn

CNG DNG CA L VI NGNH DCRt nhiu l cy c dng lm thuc

L Khi cha au d dy? L C c dc cha bnh hen suyn, L M cha kit l...

TRC NGHIM Phn lm nhim v quang hp ca l:

A. Phin l

B. Cung l

C. B l

D. Cung l v b l

TRC NGHIMPhn no sau y KHNG thuc phn chnh ca l cy:

A. B cha

B. Phin l

C. Cung l

D. B l

TRC NGHIMLoi cy no sau y c cc b l m vo nhau to nn thn gi?

A. Cy Cau.

B. Cy La.

C. Cy Chui.

D. Cy Ng.

TRC NGHIML Trm thuc loi l c :

A. Gn l hnh chn vt

B. Gn l hnh lng

C. Gn hnh cung

D. Gn l song song

TRC NGHIML u thuc loi c.....

A. L mt gn

B. Gn l song song

C. Gn l hnh lng chim

D. Gn l hnh chn vt

TRC NGHIML Rau m thuc loi l:

A. L hnh thn

B. L hnh qu trm

C. L hnh kim

D. L hnh trng

TRC NGHIMGc gia 2 l ni tip nhau trong cng thc l dng song nh l:

A. 140 .

B. 144 .

C. 120 .

D. 180 .

TRC NGHIML cy lp Ngc lan c dc im:

A. Gn l song song

B. Gn l hi t

C. L mt gn

D. L gn hnh lng

TRC NGHIML kh ca l chm trong nc cy lp Ngc lan c c im:

A. L kh ch c mt di hoc c nhiu mt di.

B. S lng l kh 2 mt nh nhau.

C. L kh c mt trn

D. Khng c l kh

TRC NGHIMCu to l cy lp Hnh c c im....

A. Thng l khng cung

B. Cung l to m ly thn

C. C m dy

D. Khng c l kh.

TRC NGHIML cy Cao su thuc loi...

A. L n.

B. L kp.

C. L kphnh lng chim.

D. L kp hnh chn vt.

TRC NGHIMLoi l no sau y c tc dng cha bnh hen suyn?

A. L Bc h.

B. L C c dc.

C. L M.

D. L rau rm

TRC NGHIML x c c im: Vt kha su ...............phin l.

A. Di 1/4 .

B. Khong 1/4.

C. Trn 1/4.

D. St tn gn l.

*The end!