Chuong IV MDH Trong Phong Benh TS

8/8/2019 Chuong IV MDH Trong Phong Benh TS

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Chöông IVChöông IV

ÖÙNG DUÏNG MDH TRONGÖÙNG DUÏNG MDH TRONGNTTSNTTS

Phaân tích chaån ñoaùn beänhPhaân tích chaån ñoaùn beänhPhoøng beänhPhoøng beänh– Vaccine & söû duïng vaccineVaccine & söû duïng vaccine

– Cheá phaåm kích öùng mieãn dòchCheá phaåm kích öùng mieãn dòchkhoâng ñaëc hieäu (Immunostimulants)khoâng ñaëc hieäu (Immunostimulants)

– ProbioticsProbiotics



I. PHOØNG BEÄNHI. PHOØNG BEÄNH

Taàm quan troïng vaø nhöõng trôû ngaïi cuûa vieäc Taàm quan troïng vaø nhöõng trôû ngaïi cuûa vieäcphoøng trò dòch beänh trong saûn xuaát NTTSphoøng trò dòch beänh trong saûn xuaát NTTS

Phoøng beänh cho caù baèng vaéc xinPhoøng beänh cho caù baèng vaéc xin

Taêng cöôøng khaû naêng ñeà khaùng dòch beänh Taêng cöôøng khaû naêng ñeà khaùng dòch beänhcuûa ñoái töôïng nuoâi baèng chaát kích öùng mieãncuûa ñoái töôïng nuoâi baèng chaát kích öùng mieãndòch (immunostimulants)dòch (immunostimulants)



Khaùi nieäm veà dòch beänhKhaùi nieäm veà dòch beänhtrong NTTStrong NTTS

Beänh:Beänh: moïi söï bieán ñoåi baát thöôøng veàmoïi söï bieán ñoåi baát thöôøng veàcaáu truùc, chöùc naêng cuûa cô theåcaáu truùc, chöùc naêng cuûa cô theåDòchDòch: coù treân 30% caù theå beänh trong: coù treân 30% caù theå beänh trongquaàn theåquaàn theå

Taùc nhaân gaây beänhTaùc nhaân gaây beänh::– Noäi sinh: baåm sinh, di truyeàn, tuoåi taùc,..Noäi sinh: baåm sinh, di truyeàn, tuoåi taùc,..– Ngoaïi sinh:Ngoaïi sinh:

Voâ sinh: dinh döôõng, ñoäc toá, …Voâ sinh: dinh döôõng, ñoäc toá, …

Höõu sinh:Höõu sinh:– Truyeàn nhieãm: virus, vi khuaån, naám, ñoäng vaät ñôn baøo Truyeàn nhieãm: virus, vi khuaån, naám, ñoäng vaät ñôn baøokyù sinhkyù sinh

– Kyù sinh truøng: giun saùn, giaùp xaùc kyù sinh,…Kyù sinh truøng: giun saùn, giaùp xaùc kyù sinh,…– Sinh vaät aên haïi: ñóa caù, ….Sinh vaät aên haïi: ñóa caù, ….

Ñieàu kieän xuaát hieän dòch beänhÑieàu kieän xuaát hieän dòch beänh



MOÂI TRÖÔØNG Thuaän lôïi cho TN Gaây beänhBaát lôïi cho Ñoái töôïng Nuoâi

ÑOÁI TÖÔÏNG NUOÂISöùc ñeà khaùng suy giaûm

TN GAÂY BEÄNH Thaâm nhaäp vaøo moâi tröôøng nuoâi

Coù ñuû soá löôïng vaø ñoäc tính

MOÂI TRÖÔØNG



ÑOÁI TÖÔÏNG NUOÂI Taêng cöôøng söùc ñeà khaùng beänh Gioáng khaùng beänh Cheá ñoä chaêm soùc toát Söû duïng vaccines Söû duïng immunostimulants

MOÂI TRÖÔØNG NUOÂIChoáng oâ nhieãm

TAÙC

NHAÂN GAÂY BEÄNH Tieâu dieätHaïn cheá phaùt trieån

Ngaên chaën xaâm nhaäp

Nguyeân Lyù PhoøngNguyeân Lyù Phoøng

BeänhBeänh



PHOØNG BEÄNH TRONGPHOØNG BEÄNH TRONG

NTTSNTTS

Quaûn lyù moâi tröôøng / chaátQuaûn lyù moâi tröôøng / chaátlöôïng nöôùclöôïng nöôùcCheá ñoä cho aên hôïp lyùCheá ñoä cho aên hôïp lyùPhoøng beänhPhoøng beänh

–Choïn loïc gioáng ñeà khaùng beänhChoïn loïc gioáng ñeà khaùng beänh–Löïa choïn con gioáng khoâng mang maàmLöïa choïn con gioáng khoâng mang maàm

beänh (SPF)beänh (SPF)–Phoøng beänh baèng hoaù chaát, thuoácPhoøng beänh baèng hoaù chaát, thuoác–Phoøng beänh baèng bieän phaùp sinhPhoøng beänh baèng bieän phaùp sinhhoïchoïc

Söû duïng vaccinesSöû duïng vaccines––



VACCINE & SÖÛ DUÏNGVACCINE & SÖÛ DUÏNG

VACCINE TRONG NTTSVACCINE TRONG NTTSNhöõng khaùi nieäm cô baûnNhöõng khaùi nieäm cô baûn

Tieâu chuaån vaø phöông phaùp ñaùnh giaù vaccine Tieâu chuaån vaø phöông phaùp ñaùnh giaù vaccine

Caùch söû duïng vaccine trong NTTSCaùch söû duïng vaccine trong NTTS

Caùc loaïi vaccine hieän haønh trong ngheà NTTSCaùc loaïi vaccine hieän haønh trong ngheà NTTS

YÙ nghóa cuûa vieäc söû duïng vaccine trong NTTS YÙ nghóa cuûa vieäc söû duïng vaccine trong NTTS

Nhöõng toàn taïi cuûa vieäc söû duïng vaccine trongNhöõng toàn taïi cuûa vieäc söû duïng vaccine trong

ngheà NTTS hieän nayngheà NTTS hieän nay



VACCINESVACCINESVaccine n. (L. vacca, cow) a preparation of a pathogenic micro-organismVaccine n. (L. vacca, cow) a preparation of a pathogenic micro-organism

which is treated to destroy its virulence then introduced into the body,which is treated to destroy its virulence then introduced into the body,causing the body to produce antibodies and so conferring immunitycausing the body to produce antibodies and so conferring immunity Henderson’s Dictionary of Biological Terms, 19Henderson’s Dictionary of Biological Terms, 19thth Ed., 1979Ed., 1979

Cheá phaåm töø moät vi sinh vaät gaâyCheá phaåm töø moät vi sinh vaät gaâybeänh ñaõ ñöôïc xöû lyù ñeå tieâu huyûbeänh ñaõ ñöôïc xöû lyù ñeå tieâu huyûñoäc tính, khi tieâm truyeàn vaøo cô theåñoäc tính, khi tieâm truyeàn vaøo cô theålamø cho cô theå saûn sinh khaùng theålamø cho cô theå saûn sinh khaùng theåvaø do ñoù taïo cho cô theå tính mieãnvaø do ñoù taïo cho cô theå tính mieãndòchdòch



Cô côû khoa hoïcCô côû khoa hoïc cuûacuûavieäc söû duïng vaccinevieäc söû duïng vaccinetrong coâng taùc phoøngtrong coâng taùc phoøngchoáng dòch beänh laø söï choáng dòch beänh laø söï

hình thaønhhình thaønh ñaùp öùngñaùp öùngmieãn dòch thích nghimieãn dòch thích nghi cuûacuûa

sinh vaät:sinh vaät:Ñaëc hieäuÑaëc hieäu (Specificity)(Specificity)NhôNhôù (Memory)ù (Memory)



ANTIGENSPECIFIC RECOGNITION

ÑAÙP ÖÙNG MIEÃNDÒCH SÔ CAÁP

ÑAÙP ÖÙNG MIEÃNDÒCH THÖÙ CAÁP

Memory Cells

Memory Cells

Effector Cells

Effector Cells

ANTIGEN

VIRGIN LYMPHOCYTES



MUÏC ÑÍCHMUÏC ÑÍCH

SÖÛ DUÏNG VACCINESÖÛ DUÏNG VACCINEChuû ñoäng taïo cho cô theåChuû ñoäng taïo cho cô theå

coù söùc ñeà khaùng ñoái vôùicoù söùc ñeà khaùng ñoái vôùimoät taùc nhaân gaây beänhmoät taùc nhaân gaây beänhnhaát ñònh, haïn cheá nguy cônhaát ñònh, haïn cheá nguy cônhieãm beänh do taùc nhaânnhieãm beänh do taùc nhaân

naøy gaây ra.naøy gaây ra.



PHAÂN LOAÏI VACCINESPHAÂN LOAÏI VACCINES

Vaccine baát hoaït hoaù (Inactivated)Vaccine baát hoaït hoaù (Inactivated)– FormalinFormalin– Nhieät ñoä cao (60Nhieät ñoä cao (60ooC, 30 phuùt; caùch thuyû)C, 30 phuùt; caùch thuyû)

– ChloroformChloroform

Vaccine suy giaûm ñoäc löïc (Attenuated)Vaccine suy giaûm ñoäc löïc (Attenuated)Cheá phaåm coâng ngheä sinh hoïcCheá phaåm coâng ngheä sinh hoïc– RecombinantsRecombinants

– Toxoid vaccines Toxoid vaccines– DNA VaccinesDNA Vaccines



Caùc Phöông PhaùpCaùc Phöông Phaùp

Daãn TruyeànDaãn TruyeànVaccineVaccine

Vaccine AdministrationVaccine Administration





Phöông thöùc daãn truyeànPhöông thöùc daãn truyeànvaccinevaccine

Phöông thöùc Öu ñieåm Nhöôïc ñieåm

Tieâm Hieäu löïc toátnhaát, coù theåduøng chaát boåtrôï (adjuvant)

Ít tieâu toánvaccine

Khoâng theåtieâm caù <15g.

Toán nhaân coâng& thôøi gian,stress

Taém,ngaâm,

nhuùng,phun,…

Thôøi gian ngaén,soá löôïng caù

nhieàuCoù theå duøngcho caù con

Khoâng hieäuquaû cho caù lôùn

Tieâu toán nhieàuvaccine

Cho aên Khoâng gaây stressKhoâng caàn thieát

Hieäu quaûkhoâng oån ñònh











O O l i Bi l ti f



Our Oral vaccine: Bioencapsulation of recombinant E. coil in Artemia

E F

Around 105 bacteria can be encapsulated

into each Artemia

(using GFP containing E.coli as example)



Ti Ch h GiT



Tie u Chua n a nh GiaT e u ua n a n aVaccineVaccine

An Toaøn – SafetyAn Toaøn – Safety– Khoâng taïo phaûn öùng phuï Khoâng taïo phaûn öùng phuï

– Vi sinh vaät khoâng phuïc hoài ñoäc löïcVi sinh vaät khoâng phuïc hoài ñoäc löïc

– Khoâng taùc ñoäng tieâu cöïc ñeán moâiKhoâng taùc ñoäng tieâu cöïc ñeán moâitröôøngtröôøng

Coù hieäu quaû baûo veä – ProtectivityCoù hieäu quaû baûo veä – Protectivity– Tính ñaëc hieäu Tính ñaëc hieäu

– Thôøi gian baûo veä Thôøi gian baûo veä



Caùc Chæ Soá Ñaùnh GiaùCaùc Chæ Soá Ñaùnh Giaù

Hieäu Quaû Baûo Veä cuûaHieäu Quaû Baûo Veä cuûaVaccinesVaccines

Tyû leä Sinh toàn Töông ñoái Tyû leä Sinh toàn Töông ñoái

RPS = Relative Percent Survival (%)RPS = Relative Percent Survival (%)

Gia taêng lieàu gaây cheát 50%Gia taêng lieàu gaây cheát 50%

LDLD5050 = 50% Lethal Dose= 50% Lethal Dose



Relative Percent SurvivalRelative Percent SurvivalCaùc yeâu caàu boá trí thí nghieämCaùc yeâu caàu boá trí thí nghieäm

Moãi nhoùm caù TN phaûi treân 25 con, ñoä laëpMoãi nhoùm caù TN phaûi treân 25 con, ñoä laëplaïilaïi ≧≧ 22

Gaây nhieãm beänh thöïc nghieäm trong khoaûngGaây nhieãm beänh thöïc nghieäm trong khoaûngthôøi gian 25 – 60 ngaøy sau khi söû duïngthôøi gian 25 – 60 ngaøy sau khi söû duïng

vaccine baèng ph. phaùp taémvaccine baèng ph. phaùp taém Tyû leä nhieãm beänh nhoùm caù ñoái chöùng (A) Tyû leä nhieãm beänh nhoùm caù ñoái chöùng (A)phaûi treân 60% trong thôøi gian kieåm ñònhphaûi treân 60% trong thôøi gian kieåm ñònh

Tyû leä nhieãm beänh nhoùm caù söû duïng Tyû leä nhieãm beänh nhoùm caù söû duïng

vaccine (B) khoâng vöôït quaù 24%vaccine (B) khoâng vöôït quaù 24%Phaûi kieåm tra toaøn boä caù nhieãm beänhPhaûi kieåm tra toaøn boä caù nhieãm beänhthöïc nghieäm. TyûÛ leä caù nhieãm beänh dothöïc nghieäm. TyûÛ leä caù nhieãm beänh donguyeân nhaân khaùc < 10%.nguyeân nhaân khaùc < 10%.



Coâng thöùc tính RPSCoâng thöùc tính RPS

RPS = 1 -RPS = 1 - Tyû leä caù TN nhieãm Tyû leä caù TN nhieãm

beänhbeänh Tyû leä caù ñoái chöùng nhieãm Tyû leä caù ñoái chöùng nhieãm

beänhbeänh

XX100100

Ñaùnh giaù hieäu quaû theo chæ soáÑaùnh giaù hieäu quaû theo chæ soáRPS thích hôïp cho vieäc kieåm ñònhRPS thích hôïp cho vieäc kieåm ñònhvaccine trong PTN vaø caùc thöïcvaccine trong PTN vaø caùc thöïc

nghieäm ngoaøi hieän tröôøngnghieäm ngoaøi hieän tröôøng

YEÂU CAÀU: YEÂU CAÀU:

RPSRPS≥≥60%60%



Gia taêng chæ soá LDGia taêng chæ soá LD5050

Chæ phuø hôïp trong ñieàuChæ phuø hôïp trong ñieàukieän phoøng thí nghieämkieän phoøng thí nghieäm

Caùc yeâu caàu boá trí thí Caùc yeâu caàu boá trí thí nghieäm töông töï nhönghieäm töông töï nhötröôøng hôïp ñaùnh giaù chætröôøng hôïp ñaùnh giaù chæsoá RPSsoá RPS



101000

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101011

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101022

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101033

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101044

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101055

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101066

CFU/mlCFU/ml

Caù söû duïng vaccine (min. 6Caù söû duïng vaccine (min. 6con/beå)con/beå)

101000

CFU/mlCFU/ml1010

11

CFU/mlCFU/ml1010

22

CFU/mlCFU/ml1010

33

CFU/mlCFU/ml1010

44

CFU/mlCFU/ml1010

55

CFU/mlCFU/ml1010

66

CFU/mlCFU/ml

Caù ñoái chöùng (min. 6Caù ñoái chöùng (min. 6con/beå)con/beå)

101000

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101011

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101022

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101033

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101044

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101055

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101066

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101000

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101011

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101022

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101033

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101044

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101055

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101066

CFU/mlCFU/ml



Coâng thöùc tính LDCoâng thöùc tính LD5050

(Reed and Muench, 1938)(Reed and Muench, 1938)

LogLogaa LDLD5050 = L -= L -L% – 50L% – 50

L% - H%L% - H% Trong ñoù: a : heä soá pha loaõng L : möùc pha loaõng ôû ñoù tyû leä caù cheát ñaït

treân 50% thaáp nhaát H%: tyû leä caù nhieãm beänh cao nhaát döôùi 50% L%: tyû leä caù nhieãm beänh thaáp nhaát treân 50%



00 00 77 1414 2929 4343 5151

101000

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101011

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101022

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101033

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101044

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101055

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101066

CFU/mlCFU/ml

Caù söû duïngCaù söû duïngvaccinevaccine

00 1515 2727 4242 5959 8585 9898

101000

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101011

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101022

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101033

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101044

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101055

CFU/mlCFU/ml

101066

CFU/mlCFU/ml

Caù ñoáiCaù ñoáichöùngchöùng

Log10 LD50TN = 6 - (51-50)/(51-43) = 6 –= 6 –

0.125 =>0.125 =>

LD50TN = 105,875

CFU/ml

LD50 = 103,47 CFU/ml Log10 LD50ÑC = 4 - (59-50)/(59-42) = 4 –= 4 –

0.530 =>0.530 =>



YEÂU CAÀU YEÂU CAÀU

Giaù trò LDGiaù trò LD5050 cuûa nhoùm caù thí cuûa nhoùm caù thí

nghieäm ñöôïc söû duïng vaccin phaûinghieäm ñöôïc söû duïng vaccin phaûi

cao hôn giaù trò nhoùm caù ñoáicao hôn giaù trò nhoùm caù ñoáichöùng 100 laàn.chöùng 100 laàn.

Antibiotics (Tons) Salmon Production (Tons)



Löôïng khaùng sinh duøng cho vieäc phoøng tròLöôïng khaùng sinh duøng cho vieäc phoøng tròbeänh vaø saûn löôïng caù hoài nuoâi taïi Na Uybeänh vaø saûn löôïng caù hoài nuoâi taïi Na Uy

trong thôøi gian 1987 - 1999trong thôøi gian 1987 - 1999

18.02

48.57

32.47

19.35

37.43

26.8 27.49

6.14

1.43.12

1.03 0.75 0.68 0.58

5056

90

119

169162

149

179

222

263

315

350

390

460

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

HitraHitraDiseaseDisease

FurunculosisFurunculosisDiseaseDisease

OilOiladjuvantadjuvant

Oil adjuvantOil adjuvanteffectivenesseffectiveness

WinterWinterUlcerUlcer

DiseaseDisease



From treatment to prevention inFrom treatment to prevention inNorwegian aquacultureNorwegian aquaculture

Norsk Medisinaldepot ASA and Kontali AS

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05

N

o.kgsof

antibiotics(in

thousan

d)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

100

0metrictonsofsa

lmonidspr o

duced

Use of antibiotics in fish

Fish productionVaccine

VaccineVaccine

Vaccine

40

50

60 Use of antibiotics in fish

Fish production

One injection

protects against

six differentdiseases

St i i N i lSt i i N i l



Strong increase in Norwegian salmonStrong increase in Norwegian salmonproduction while operating costproduction while operating cost

decreasesdecreases

Asche 2005

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1 9

8 5

1 9

8 6

1 9

8 7

1 9

8 8

1 9

8 9

1 9

9 0

1 9

9 1

1 9

9 2

1 9

9 3

1 9

9 4

1 9

9 5

1 9

9 6

1 9

9 7

1 9

9 8

1 9

9 9

2 0

0 0

2 0

0 1

2 0

0 2

2 0

0 3

2 0

0 4

N O K

/ k g

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

S l a u g h t e r e d t o n s

Op erating co st Pric e Volum e

E n v i r o n

m e n t a

l i m p r o

v e m e n t

V i ti d t i ht f 1 8V i ti d t i ht f 1 8



Vaccinating cod at a weight of 1.8 gVaccinating cod at a weight of 1.8 ggives less protection than vaccinationgives less protection than vaccination

at 2.2 gat 2.2 g

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Days after challenge

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Days after challenge

ControlVaccinated

1.8 g 2.2 g

Cumulated mortality during challenge ALPHA MARINE™ Vibrio



TaémNgaâmCho aên Tieâm

0g 0,1g 1g 10g 100g 1kg 2kg

Vibrio / flavobacterium / Ph. damsela

IPNV

Iridovirus

Aeromonas / Nocardia / strept.

mycobacterium

VNN

Different vaccination regimes may prevent fish

diseases in fresh water and marine water

Caùc phaùc ñoà söû duïng vaccine khaùcnhau coù theå ngaên ngöøa beänh cho caùôû nöôùc ngoït vaø nöôùc bieån

A comp ete vacc nat on reg mecomp e e vacc na on reg me



A comp ete vacc nat on reg mecomp e e vacc na on reg meprotects sea bass throughout theprotects sea bass throughout the

production cycleproduction cyclePhaùc ñoà hoaøn chænh phoøng beänh cho caù cheõm chaâu Aâu trong suoát quaùPhaùc ñoà hoaøn chænh phoøng beänh cho caù cheõm chaâu Aâu trong suoát quaù

trình saûn xuaáttrình saûn xuaát

ALPHA DIP 2000 - Immersion vaccination of

~ 1g fish 2-3 weeks prior to cage entry

P r o t e c t y o u r s e a b a s s a ga n d v i b r i o s i s f r o m c a g e

A L P H A D I P 2 0 0 0T M

A L P H A J E C TT M

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 41

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

9 0

1 0 0

T i m e i n m o n t h s

P

r o

t e

c

t i o

n

l e

v

e

l

%

V i b r i o s i s

P a s t e u r e l l o s i s

A A l t i ti iA A l t i ti i



A A complete vaccination regimeA A complete vaccination regimeprotects sea bass throughout theprotects sea bass throughout the

production cycleproduction cyclePhaùc ñoà hoaøn chænh phoøng beänh cho caù cheõm chaâu Aâu trong suoát quaù trìnhPhaùc ñoà hoaøn chænh phoøng beänh cho caù cheõm chaâu Aâu trong suoát quaù trình

saûn xuaátsaûn xuaát

ALPHA DIP 2000 - Immersion vaccination of ~ 5g fish


A L P H A D I P 2 0 0 0T M


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 41

1 0

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A complete vaccination regimeA complete vaccination regime



A complete vaccination regimeA complete vaccination regimeprotects sea bass throughout theprotects sea bass throughout the

production cycleproduction cyclePhaùc ñoà hoaøn chænh phoøng beänh cho caù cheõm chaâu Aâu trong suoát quaùPhaùc ñoà hoaøn chænh phoøng beänh cho caù cheõm chaâu Aâu trong suoát quaù

trình saûn xuaáttrình saûn xuaát

ALPHA JECT 2000 - Injection vaccination of > 25g combined

with grading - within 6 months of previous revaccination


A L P H A D I P 2 0 0 0T M


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4

1

1 0

2 0

3 0

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NTTSNTTSVaccines phoøng beänh viVaccines phoøng beänh vi

khuaånkhuaånHieän löu haønh treân thòtröôøng

Ñang nghieân cöùu phaùttrieån

Yersinia ruckeri (ERM) 1976 Flexibacteria maritimus

Vibrio anguillarum serotype O1 Flavobacterium psychophylum

Vibrio anguillarum serotype O2 Flavobacterium columnaris

Vibrio ordalii Vibrio sp.

Aeromonas salmonicida Renibacterium salmoninarum

Vibrio salmonicida

Pasterella piscicida

Vibrio viscosus

Aerococcus garvieae

Lactococcus garvieae

Hieän traïng Vaccine trongHieän traïng Vaccine trong



Hieän traïng Vaccine trongHieän traïng Vaccine trongNTTSNTTS

Beänh Virus – Kyù sinh truøngBeänh Virus – Kyù sinh truøngHieän löu haønh treân thòtröôøng

Ñang nghieân cöùu öùng duïng

Viral vaccines

Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis

IridovirusInfectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Piscirickettsia salmonis

Pancreatic Disease

Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Infectious Salmonid Anemia

Viral Nervous Necrosis

Parasite Vaccines

Chöa coù Ichthyophthirius multifiliis



TRIEÅN VOÏNG CUÛA VIEÄC SÖÛ TRIEÅN VOÏNG CUÛA VIEÄC SÖÛDUÏNG VACCINE TRONG NTTSDUÏNG VACCINE TRONG NTTS

Phoøng beänh cho caù nuoâi baèng vaccinePhoøng beänh cho caù nuoâi baèng vaccinelaø phöông höôùng ñeå phaùt trieån NTTSlaø phöông höôùng ñeå phaùt trieån NTTSbeàn vöõng, tuy nhieân:beàn vöõng, tuy nhieân:

– Chöa coù ñuû loaïi vaccine caàn thieátChöa coù ñuû loaïi vaccine caàn thieát– Khoâng theå öùng duïng cho caùc ñoái töôïngKhoâng theå öùng duïng cho caùc ñoái töôïng

nuoâi khaùc ngoaøi caù xöôngnuoâi khaùc ngoaøi caù xöông

– Vieät nam: caàn coù thôøi gian ñeå tieáp thuVieät nam: caàn coù thôøi gian ñeå tieáp thu

vaø nghieân cöùu öùng duïng coâng ngheävaø nghieân cöùu öùng duïng coâng ngheä





ImmunostimulantsImmunostimulantsImmunostimulantsImmunostimulants: nhöõng hôïp chaát sinh hoïc hoaëc: nhöõng hôïp chaát sinh hoïc hoaëctoång hôïp nhaân taïo coù khaû naêng laøm taêngtoång hôïp nhaân taïo coù khaû naêng laøm taêngcöôøng heä thoáng mieãn dòch khoâng ñaëc hieäucöôøng heä thoáng mieãn dòch khoâng ñaëc hieäucuûa ñoäng vaät (Fenichel and Chirigos, 1984)cuûa ñoäng vaät (Fenichel and Chirigos, 1984)

Lòch söûLòch söû: Nhöõng nghieân cöùu khôûi ñaàu nhaèm: Nhöõng nghieân cöùu khôûi ñaàu nhaèmmuïc ñích söû duïng trong trò lieäu ung thö, laø caùcmuïc ñích söû duïng trong trò lieäu ung thö, laø caùcnhaân toá hoaït hoaù macrophages, teá baøo T, B vaønhaân toá hoaït hoaù macrophages, teá baøo T, B vaøNK, nhôø ñoù gia taêng khaû naêng tieâu dieät teáNK, nhôø ñoù gia taêng khaû naêng tieâu dieät teá

baøo ung thö cuûa cô theå.baøo ung thö cuûa cô theå.



Immune-stimulants

Laø caùc hôïp chaát hoaù hoïc hoaït hoaùbaïch caàu (leukocytes) vaø vì theá coùtheå laøm cho ñoäng vaät ñeà khaùng

toát hôn ñoái vôùi söï taán coâng cuûavirus, vi khuaån, naám vaø kyù sinhtruøng.

Coù theå hoaït ñoäng choáng ung thö ôû

ngöôøi do chuùng hoaït hoaù caùc loaïibaïch caàu nhaän bieát vaø huyû dieät teábaøo ung thö.

Immunostimulantmmunost mu ant



Immunostimulantmmunost mu anthoaït ñoäng nhö theáhoaït ñoäng nhö theá

naøo ?naøo ? Trong quaù trình tieán hoaù cuûa ñoäng vaät,heä mieãn dòch cuûa chuùng ñaõ hình thaønhcaùc cô cheá ñeå phaùt hieän caùc caáu truùc

hoaù hoïc ñaëc tröng cho caùc vi sinh vaät coùkhaû naêng gaây nguy hieåm cho chuùng vaøsöû duïng caùc caáu truùc naøy nhö laø “tínhieäu caûnh baùo” ñeå khôûi ñoäng heä thoángphoøng veä khaùng laïi dòch beänh.



ImmunostimulantImmunostimulant

hoaït ñoäng nhö theá naøo ?hoaït ñoäng nhö theá naøo ?

Vôùi söï coù maët cuûa caùc tín hieäu hoaù hoïcnaøy heä mieãn dòch seõ ñaùp öùng töïa nhöñang bò taán coâng bôûi caùc vi sinh vaät gaâybeänh.

Vì theá, vieäc söû duïng immunostimulant tröôùcnguy cô caûm nhieãm coù theå taêng cöôøng

caùc haøng raøo mieãn dòch cuûa ñoäng vaät vaødo ñoù giuùp cô theå vöôït qua ñöôïc caùc caênbeänh nguy hieåm coù theå gaây cheát haøngloaït.



Caùc Caáu Truùc Hoaù HoïcCaùc Caáu Truùc Hoaù HoïcCaùc yeáu toá caáu truùc cuûa vi khuaån

(lipopolysaccarides (LPS), lipopeptides,glycoproteins cuûa maøng boïc (capsule) vaø muramylpeptides);

Nhieàu cheá phaåm β -1,3-glucan töø vikhuaån (Curdlan) vaø sôïi naám (Krestin,Lentinan, Schizophyllan, Scleroglucan, SSG,VitaStim);

β -1,3/1,6-glucans töø vaùch teá baøo naámmen (MacroGard, Betafectin);



Caùc Caáu Truùc Hoaù HoïcCaùc Caáu Truùc Hoaù Hoïc

Caùc caáu truùc phöùc hôïp carbohydrate

(glycans) töø nhieàu sinh vaät bao goàmcaû rong bieån;

peptides coù trong dòch chieát moät soá

ñoäng vaät hoaëc saûn xuaát baèng caùchthuyû phaân protein caù baèng enzyme;

Caùc nucleotide, vaø

Caùc cheá phaåm toång hôïp nhaân taïo(Bestatin, muramylpeptides,FK-156, FK-565, Levamisole).

g e n c u a n ng e ng e n c u a n ng e ná ô â û



g e n c u a n ng e ng e n c u a n ng e nñoái töôïng Nuoâi TS cuûañoái töôïng Nuoâi TS cuûa

ImmunostimulantsImmunostimulants

Olivier (1985): teá baøoOlivier (1985): teá baøo Mycobacteria butyricumMycobacteria butyricum cheát vaø muramyl peptides gia taêng söc ñeàcheát vaø muramyl peptides gia taêng söc ñeàkhaùng beänh ôû caù hoài coho.khaùng beänh ôû caù hoài coho.Kitao and Yoshida (1986): vieäc tieâm chaát toångKitao and Yoshida (1986): vieäc tieâm chaát toånghôïp lactoyl tetra peptide (FK-565) laøm taêng hoaïthôïp lactoyl tetra peptide (FK-565) laøm taêng hoaït

tính thöïc baøo vaø söùc ñeà khaùng khoâng ñaëctính thöïc baøo vaø söùc ñeà khaùng khoâng ñaëchieäu cuûa caù hoài caàu voàng khaùng laïi vi khuaånhieäu cuûa caù hoài caàu voàng khaùng laïi vi khuaån A. salmonicidae A. salmonicidae

Yano et al., 1989: schizophylan, scleroglucan vaø Yano et al., 1989: schizophylan, scleroglucan vaølentinan gia taêng söùc ñeà khaùng cuûa caù cheùplentinan gia taêng söùc ñeà khaùng cuûa caù cheùp

ñoái vôùiñoái vôùi Edwardsiella tardaEdwardsiella tarda baèng söï hoatï hoaù heäbaèng söï hoatï hoaù heämieãn dòch töï nhieânmieãn dòch töï nhieân

Bacterial resistance of salmon injectedBacterial resistance of salmon injected



Bacterial resistance of salmon injectedBacterial resistance of salmon injectedwithwith

ββ 1.3/1.6 glucans (MacroGard)1.3/1.6 glucans (MacroGard)Exp.No

Injection dose(mg per fish)

Challenged Bacteria andinjection dose (CFU)

Mortality

(injected/control)

PercentageRelative

Protection

1 2.50V. salmonicidae (106) 94/30 68

2 2.00V. salmonicidae (105) 76/13 83

3 2.00V. salmonicidae (5 x 105) 96/28 71

4 2.00V. salmonicidae (105)

84/16 815 2.00V. salmonicidae (105) 100/21 79

6 2.00V. salmonicidae (105) 44/18 59

7 2.50V. anguillarum (2.4 x 106) 32/15 53

8 2.50V. anguillarum (6 x 106

) 56/33 419 2.00V. anguillarum (5 x 104) 78/33 58

10 0.20V. anguillarum (5 x 104) 76/45 41

11 0.20V. anguillarum (5 x 104) 100/53 47

12 0.10V. anguillarum (5 x 104) 73/41 44

13 2.00V. anguillarum (2.4 x 106) 64/41 31

Ch ê M G d Gi T êCh ê M G d Gi T ê



Cho aên MacroGrad Gia TaêngCho aên MacroGrad Gia TaêngHieäu Quaû Vaccine PhoøngHieäu Quaû Vaccine Phoøng V.V.

salmonicidasalmonicidaVaccine Thöùcaên

Gaâynhieãm

Tyû leächeát

TAÊ + Glucan + Thöôøng + 15/150

(10%)TAÊ thöôøng + Thöôøng + 66/150

(44%)

TAÊ thöôøng - Thöôøng + 125/150

(83%)Tuaàn 0 4 6

Söû Duïng immune-stimulants khi



Söû Duïng immune-stimulants khi naøo ? Immune-stimulants coù theå caûi thieän söùc khoeûImmune-stimulants coù theå caûi thieän söùc khoeû

vaø sinh tröôûng cuûa vaät nuoâi, bao goàm caù vaø toâm trongvaø sinh tröôûng cuûa vaät nuoâi, bao goàm caù vaø toâm trong

nuoâi troàng thuyû saûn, neáu ñöôïc söû duïng tröôùc:nuoâi troàng thuyû saûn, neáu ñöôïc söû duïng tröôùc:Caùc tình huoáng ñoan chaéc seõ daãn ñeán stress vaøsuy giaûm sinh tröôûng phaùt trieån cuûa vaät nuoâi(e.g. ñaùnh baét, thay ñoåi nhieät ñoä vaø moâi tröôøng,chuyeån ñoåi thöùc aên - weaning),

Döï ñoaùn gia taêng nguy cô phôi nhieãm tröôùc caùc visinh vaät vaø kyù sinh truøng gaây beänh (e.g. taûo nôûhoa muøa thu vaø muøa xuaân ôû bieån, maät ñoä thaûgioáng cao,Caùc giai ñoaïn phaùt trieån cuûa vaät nuoâi maãn caûmvôùi caùc taùc nhaân gaây beänh (e.g. giai ñoaïn aáutruøng cuûa toâm vaø caù boät, giai ñoaïn smolting ôûcaù hoài, giai ñoaïn thaønh thuïc sinh duïc).



LÔÏI ÍCH

Giaûm töû vong ñoái vôùi caùctaùc nhaân gaây beänh cô hoäi.

Phoøng ngöøa beänh do virus.

Giaûm töû vong ôû caù gioáng.

Gia taêng hieäu quaû cuûa

vaccine.



PROBIOTICPROBIOTIC

Tröôùc ñaây, probiotic laø cheá phaåm vi sinh vaät Tröôùc ñaây, probiotic laø cheá phaåm vi sinh vaätsoáng ñöôïc boå sung vaøo thöùc aên coù taùc duïngsoáng ñöôïc boå sung vaøo thöùc aên coù taùc duïnghöõu ích cho vaät nuoâi nhôø caûi thieän caân baènghöõu ích cho vaät nuoâi nhôø caûi thieän caân baèngkhu heä vi sinh vaät ñöôøng ruoät cuûa chuùng -khu heä vi sinh vaät ñöôøng ruoät cuûa chuùng -

PrebioticsPrebioticsHieän nay, vieäc söû duïng probiotic coøn bao goàmHieän nay, vieäc söû duïng probiotic coøn bao goàmvieäc söû duïng vi sinh vaät soáng ñeå caûi thieän khuvieäc söû duïng vi sinh vaät soáng ñeå caûi thieän khuheä vi sinh vaät cuûa moâi tröôøng nuoâiheä vi sinh vaät cuûa moâi tröôøng nuoâi



LÔÏI ÍCH CUÛA VIEÄC SÖÛLÔÏI ÍCH CUÛA VIEÄC SÖÛ

DUÏNG PROBIOTICDUÏNG PROBIOTICKhaùng beänh truyeàn nhieãm toát hônKhaùng beänh truyeàn nhieãm toát hôn

Sinh tröôûng nhanh hônSinh tröôûng nhanh hôn

Chuyeån hoaù thöùc aên toát hônChuyeån hoaù thöùc aên toát hôn Tieâu hoaù toát hôn Tieâu hoaù toát hôn

Haáp thuï dinh döôõng toát hônHaáp thuï dinh döôõng toát hôn

Caûi thieän chaát löôïng söõa, thòt, vaø/hoaëc soáCaûi thieän chaát löôïng söõa, thòt, vaø/hoaëc soá

löôïng tröùnglöôïng tröùngChaát löôïng thòt thöông phaåm toát vaø ít taïpChaát löôïng thòt thöông phaåm toát vaø ít taïpnhieãm hônnhieãm hôn

Gi û b ä h ñöô



PrebioticsPrebiotics

Leân menLeân menCarbohydrateCarbohydrate

Saûn xuaát SCFA

pH ruoät thaáp

Söï hình thaønhaxit maät thöù

caáp giaûm

Nguy cô ung thö ruoätkeát giaûm

Phaùt trieån vi

sinh vaät höõuích

Giaûm beänh ñöôøngruoät do VSV ngoaïi lai

Giaûm beänh do VSV cô

hoäi soáng hoäi sinh

Giaûm VSV gaây thoáiröõa vaø VSV gaây

beänh

Caùc enzymevaø chaát

chuyeån hoaùgaây ñoäc ít

hônÑieàu hoaø tích

môõ gan

Taùi sinh axit maätgiaûm

Giaûm lipid vaøcholesterol trong

maùu

Giaûm ammonia

ruoät

Trao ñoåi protein vaøaxit amin giaûm

Chaát chuyeånhoaù gaây ñoäc(amines, indols,skatols, etc,..) ít

hônNhieân lieäu cho TB ruoät keát,bieät hoaù teá

baøo Tính hoaø tancuûa khoaùngchaát taêng

Haáp thuï khoaùng chaát

taêng

Toång hôïpprotein VSV

ÖÙc cheá phaùttrieån quaàn laïc

Caïnh tranh

ÖÙc cheáLeân men

Butyrats,..

Nguoàn naêng löôïngvaø caûbon coùchoïn loïc



Working together forhealthy shrimp and fish

production

Working together forhealthy shrimp and fish

productionSöû duïng Probiotics thay theá Khaùng sinhSöû duïng Probiotics thay theá Khaùng sinh

Taùc nhaân gaây beänh luoânTaùc nhaân gaây beänh luoân



Taùc nhaân gaây beänh luoân Taùc nhaân gaây beänh luoântoàn taïi trong moâi tröôøngtoàn taïi trong moâi tröôøng

nuoâi thuyû saûnnuoâi thuyû saûn

Quaûn lyùQuaûn lyù

moâi tröôøngmoâi tröôøng

laø caànlaø caànthieát ñeåthieát ñeå

kieåm soaùtkieåm soaùt

dòch beänhdòch beänh

Khi quaûn lyù toát khu heäKhi quaûn lyù toát khu heä

VSV thì chaúng caàn ñeánVSV thì chaúng caàn ñeán

Probiotics coù theå laø coâng

cuï höõu ích nhöng khoângphaûi laø pheùp maàu trong

vieäc phoøng tröø dòch beänh

PROBIOTIC THÖÏC SÖÏ CHOPROBIOTIC THÖÏC SÖÏ CHO



PROBIOTIC THÖÏC SÖÏ CHOPROBIOTIC THÖÏC SÖÏ CHONUOÂI TROÀNG THUYÛ SAÛNNUOÂI TROÀNG THUYÛ SAÛN

PHAÛIPHAÛI Thaønh phaàn töï nhieân cuûa heä Thaønh phaàn töï nhieân cuûa heäsinh thaùi ao nuoâi thuyû saûnsinh thaùi ao nuoâi thuyû saûn

• Thuùc ñaåy sinh tröôûng Thuùc ñaåy sinh tröôûng•Phoøng beänhPhoøng beänh

•Phaân huyû chaát thaûiPhaân huyû chaát thaûi

Hieäu quaû kinh teáHieäu quaû kinh teá

KhoângKhoâng caàn ñeán khaùng sinhcaàn ñeán khaùng sinh

Probiotic Vi khuaån- ÑÒNHProbiotic Vi khuaån- Ñ NH



Probiotic Vi khuaån ÑÒNHProbiotic Vi khuaån Ñ NHNGHÓANGHÓA

Ñoái vôùi vaät nuoâiÑoái vôùi vaät nuoâi

Caùc VSV soáng laøm caûi thieän khu heä vi sinhCaùc VSV soáng laøm caûi thieän khu heä vi sinhvaät goác cuûa vaät nuoâivaät goác cuûa vaät nuoâi

Xuaát hieän töï nhieân trong vaät nuoâiXuaát hieän töï nhieân trong vaät nuoâiCaûi thieän söùc khoeû vaät nuoâiCaûi thieän söùc khoeû vaät nuoâi

Ñoái vôùi ao nuoâiÑoái vôùi ao nuoâiCaùc VSV soáng laøm caûi thieän khu heä vi sinhCaùc VSV soáng laøm caûi thieän khu heä vi sinh

vaät goác cuûa vaät nuoâi vaø ao nuoâivaät goác cuûa vaät nuoâi vaø ao nuoâiXuaát hieän töï nhieân trong vaät nuoâi & aoXuaát hieän töï nhieân trong vaät nuoâi & aoCaûi thieän söùc khoeû vaät nuoâi vaø moâiCaûi thieän söùc khoeû vaät nuoâi vaø moâi

tröôøng ao nuoâitröôøng ao nuoâi

Probiotic Bacteria -Probiotic Bacteria -



Probiotic Bacteria Probiotic Bacteria DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS

Ñoái vôùi ao nuoâiÑoái vôùi ao nuoâi

LOAÏI BOÛ caùc viLOAÏI BOÛ caùc vikhuaån khoâng phaânkhuaån khoâng phaânboá töï nhieân trongboá töï nhieân trong

ao/vaät nuoâiao/vaät nuoâie.g.:e.g.:Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putida (coøn laø(coøn laø TNGB cho caù) TNGB cho caù)

LactobacillusLactobacillus chöa tìm thaáy ôûchöa tìm thaáy ôûtoâmtoâm

Streptococcus/EnterococcusStreptococcus/Enterococcus;;nhieàu loaøi laø TNGB cho caù &nhieàu loaøi laø TNGB cho caù &ngöôøingöôøi

QUAN NIEÄM VEÀ PROBIOTICQUAN NIEÄM VEÀ PROBIOTIC



QUAN NIEÄM VEÀ PROBIOTICQProbiotics Khoâng Phaûi ChaátProbiotics Khoâng Phaûi Chaát

Chöõa BeänhChöõa BeänhNgöôøi nuoâi thuyû saûn thöôøng xem probiotics nhöNgöôøi nuoâi thuyû saûn thöôøng xem probiotics nhöthuoác hoaëc kh.sinh:thuoác hoaëc kh.sinh:

– hoï mong chôø taùc duïng nhanh, döùt khoaùt, vaøhoï mong chôø taùc duïng nhanh, döùt khoaùt, vaø

thöôøng ngöng söû duïng khi hieäu quaû chaäm vaøthöôøng ngöng söû duïng khi hieäu quaû chaäm vaø

khoâng roõ reät.khoâng roõ reät.

– Vieäc löu haønh caùc cheá phaåm khoâng coù hieäuVieäc löu haønh caùc cheá phaåm khoâng coù hieäu

quaû ñaõ laøm cho nhieàu ngöôøi nghi ngôø hieäuquaû ñaõ laøm cho nhieàu ngöôøi nghi ngôø hieäu

löïc cuûa probiotics, hôn laø:löïc cuûa probiotics, hôn laø:Chuûng loaïi vi khuaånChuûng loaïi vi khuaån

Phöông thöùc hoaït ñoäng cuûa vi khuaånPhöông thöùc hoaït ñoäng cuûa vi khuaån

Maät soá vi khuaån thöïc söï trong saûn phaåmMaät soá vi khuaån thöïc söï trong saûn phaåm



Probiotics are notProbiotics are nottherapeutic agents, but aretherapeutic agents, but are

designed to modify thedesigned to modify the

microbial communities inmicrobial communities inthe alimentary tract of the alimentary tract of

animals and in their aquaticanimals and in their aquaticenvironment.environment.



True probiotic “control” of the microbial

ecosystem:

Need to select optimal probiotic strains,Need to select optimal probiotic strains,which also survive/grow fast in thewhich also survive/grow fast in the

shrimp environmentshrimp environment

Wh l f ll l t dWh l f ll l t d



Why use only carefully selectedWhy use only carefully selected

BacillusBacillus strains?strains? Naturally present in shrimp intestinal tracts and aquaticNaturally present in shrimp intestinal tracts and aquaticenvironmentsenvironmentsAdvantages of sporesAdvantages of spores

• Long shelf lifeLong shelf life• Easy to transportEasy to transport• Resistant to dehydrationResistant to dehydration• Resistant to temperatures up to 60° CResistant to temperatures up to 60° C

Active against many pathogensActive against many pathogens• Directly by growth inhibitionDirectly by growth inhibition• Indirectly by competitive exclusionIndirectly by competitive exclusion

- Nutrients- Nutrients- Attachment sitesAttachment sites

Produce a wide range of digestive exo-enzymesProduce a wide range of digestive exo-enzymesGrow aerobically and an-aerobically: good waste convertersGrow aerobically and an-aerobically: good waste convertersGood/Fast GrowersGood/Fast Growers

Succession of Bacterial Species in Copepod FaecalSuccession of Bacterial Species in Copepod Faecal



Succession of Bacterial Species in Copepod FaecalSuccession of Bacterial Species in Copepod FaecalPellets and Water at 0, 8 and 70 Hours afterPellets and Water at 0, 8 and 70 Hours after

DefaecationDefaecationNote:Note: BacillusBacillus are present naturally in crustacean intestinal tractsare present naturally in crustacean intestinal tracts

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

F a e c e s 0 h

F a e c e s 8 h

F a e c e s

7 0 h

W a t

e r 0 h

W a t

e r 8 h

W a t

e r 7 0 h

Bacillus

othersPseudomonas

Vibrio

Bacill s th ringiensis Endospore



Bacillus thuringiensis Endospore

SanolifeSanolife®® MIC and PROMIC and PRO Stage 1:Stage 1: SelectionSelection



SanolifeSanolife®® MIC and PROMIC and PRO —— Stage 1:Stage 1: SelectionSelection Isolate pathogenic

vibrios

Select Bacillus strains that

inhibit Vibrio growth

SanolifeSano e®® MIC and PROMIC an PRO —— Stage 2:Stage 2:



Stringent quality-control

ProductionProduction

3:3: Production at INVE Thailand Factory of Production at INVE Thailand Factory of



y

Mixed ProductsMixed Products

Stringent quality-control

Strain purity: 100%

Absence of genes for toxins usuallyassociated with B. cereus and other

pathogens

Checked by PCR and immunological

tests

Spore number and viability

checked for each batch of each

product, e.g. Sanolife® MIC: 5 x 1010 /g

Continuous update on new pathogens



Isolate new pathogenic

Vibrios

Challenge Vibrios with

potential Bacillus in the

laboratory: select appropriate

probiotic strains

Continuous update on new pathogens

Hatchery Grow out



MIC

Hatchery Grow-outfarm

PRO-1

PRO-2

PRO-W

500 gram

Now also in 50 gpacks



• Different strains of different bacterialspecies; Bacillus subtilis, Bacilluslicheniformis and Bacillus pumilus

• Especially selected and formulatedfor the specific purposes and targets

• Exceptionally high concentrations of bacteria: 1 - 5 x 1010 cfu/g

COMPOSITIONCOMPOSITIONMIC

PRO-1

PRO-W

PRO-2



• Inhibition of Vibrio bacteria

• Improve functioning of thedigestive tract for optimum feed

utilization• Improve waste degradation for a

better water quality

MICCHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

PRO-1

PRO-W

PRO-2

Roles ofRoles of SanolifeSanolife®® MIC andMIC and



Roles of Roles of SanolifeSanolife MIC andMIC andSanolifeSanolife®® PROPRO

Selected for particular habitats and functionsSelected for particular habitats and functions

Vibrio ControlVibrio Control

AnimalAnimal PathogenPathogen

EnvironmentEnvironment

Gut ColonizationGut Colonization

Waste degrading-Waste degrading-Aerobic andAerobic and

AnaerobicAnaerobic

DiseaseDisease

RiskRisk





Vibrio colonizingVibrio colonizingthe gut of a Postthe gut of a Post

larvaelarvae

Gut of Post larvaeGut of Post larvae

with fed withwith fed with

BacillusBacillus





Through Feeding competition Through Feeding competitionCompetition of spaceCompetition of spaceExo-enzyme productionExo-enzyme production

High Concentration of Bacillus sppHigh Concentration of Bacillus spp

needed to have the proper effectneeded to have the proper effect

1 - 5 x 1010 cfu/g in Sanolife MIC

and PRO

Typical microbial community Typical microbial communityd i f d ti ld i f d ti l



yp yyp yon a decomposing food particleon a decomposing food particle

in a pondin a pond

Feed particle

Fungus

Bacteria

Feed or faecal pellet with feed on pondFeed or faecal pellet with feed on pond



vibrios

bottom. Some luminousbottom. Some luminous VibrioVibrio presentpresentare antibiotic resistant.are antibiotic resistant.

Feed particle

The antibiotic-resistant luminous vibrios grow The antibiotic-resistant luminous vibrios growidl h i kill d bidl h tit kill d b



rapidly when competitors are killed byrapidly when competitors are killed byantibioticsantibiotics

Feed particle

Feed pellet with SanolifeFeed pellet with Sanolife®®



Feed pellet with SanolifeFeed pellet with Sanolife®®

Feed particle

and compete with vibrios.and compete with vibrios.



SanolifeSanolife®® degrade waste feed, inhibitdegrade waste feed, inhibitfungi and prevent antibiotic resistantfungi and prevent antibiotic resistant

vibrios from dominatingvibrios from dominating

Feed particle



Environment ControlEnvironment Control

Waste DegradingWaste Degrading

Work aerobically and an-aerobicallyWork aerobically and an-aerobically

VibrioVibrio andand BacillusBacillus in Sediment andin Sediment andBi filBi fil



BiofilmsBiofilms • Nutrient concentrations higher in biofilms than in the water

• Bacteria grow faster in biofilms• Biofilm mucus protects bacteria from antibiotics, chlorine etc.• Sanolife MIC Bacillus produce enzymes that degrade some

biofilms• B. subtilis, B. licheniformis produce more antimicrobials in

biofilms than when free in the water

Efficacy ofEfficacy of SanolifeSanolife®® MICMIC



Efficacy of cacy o SanolifeSa o e MICCWhat criteria do we use to assess efficacy of What criteria do we use to assess efficacy of

SanolifeSanolife®® MIC in the hatchery?MIC in the hatchery?

Efficacy depends on many factorsEfficacy depends on many factors– Selection of appropriate bacteriaSelection of appropriate bacteria

Continuing R & D to improveContinuing R & D to improve– VibrioVibrio strains and virulence are dynamicstrains and virulence are dynamic

– If pathogens are present — if growth is slow due toIf pathogens are present — if growth is slow due topathogens — then the effect of a probioticpathogens — then the effect of a probioticselected for antagonism to the pathogen will beselected for antagonism to the pathogen will belargelarge

– If pathogens are not present, then probiotics areIf pathogens are not present, then probiotics are

used as a preventative measureused as a preventative measure– SurvivalSurvival– Health (body weight, size, activity)Health (body weight, size, activity)– Water qualityWater quality

Question for Grow Out Farmer:Question for Grow Out Farmer:



Why should the hatchery operator use SanolifeWhy should the hatchery operator use Sanolife®® MIC?MIC?

Juveniles go to the grow out farm from a hatchery, Juveniles go to the grow out farm from a hatchery,

not a natural environmentnot a natural environment Effect of Antibiotics in Hatcheries:Effect of Antibiotics in Hatcheries:– Juveniles — attached microflora less diverse on surface Juveniles — attached microflora less diverse on surface

and in gutand in gut– Often carry antibiotic-resistant vibriosOften carry antibiotic-resistant vibrios

and virulence genesand virulence genes– Juveniles susceptible to invasion by pathogens Juveniles susceptible to invasion by pathogens

Effect of SanolifeEffect of Sanolife®® MIC in Hatcheries:MIC in Hatcheries:– Juveniles arrive on the farm with healthy bacterial flora Juveniles arrive on the farm with healthy bacterial flora

and no virulence genes induced by antibioticsand no virulence genes induced by antibiotics

Fi ld ifi ti (h t h i )



Field verifications (hatcheries)Field verifications (hatcheries)

Vietnam, India, Thailand, Mexico, Brazil...Vietnam, India, Thailand, Mexico, Brazil...

SanolifeSanolife ®® MIC ProbioticMIC ProbioticT i l R lt IATEC Th il dT i l R lt IATEC Th il d



0

20

40

60

80

100

Control Antibiotic Sanolife MIC

Treatment

S u r v i v a l ( %

)

Test 1

Test 2

Test 3

Trial Results IATEC, Thailand Trial Results IATEC, ThailandINVE Research facilityINVE Research facility

Commercial BrazilianCommercial BrazilianH t h 2Hatchery 2MIC



Hatchery 2Hatchery 2MIC

MIC C i l H t h



0

20

40

60

80

100

Control Antibiotic Sanolife MIC

0

20

40

60

80

100Survival PL3

Survival PL10

Tank biomass

MIC Commercial HatcheryVietnam



Application Summary of Application Summary of SanolifeSanolife ®® MICMIC

• Usually good results, but in some hatcheries,Usually good results, but in some hatcheries,

the MIC did not control luminous vibriosthe MIC did not control luminous vibrios

• MIC must be used for the whole period, preferably 1MIC must be used for the whole period, preferably 1

- 2 days before stocking- 2 days before stocking• VibrioVibrio isolates sent to INVE laboratory for testing.isolates sent to INVE laboratory for testing.

Further lab. work required.Further lab. work required.

• When seawater, not freshwater is used forWhen seawater, not freshwater is used for

germinating MIC, Vibrios can develop if sanitation isgerminating MIC, Vibrios can develop if sanitation is

not perfect.not perfect.



Application Summary of Application Summary of SanolifeSanolife ®® MICMIC

• Do not use MIC withDo not use MIC with

SkeletonemaSkeletonema

: clumping and: clumping and

foulingfouling

• MIC has no effect onMIC has no effect on

Chaetocerus, ChlorellaChaetocerus, Chlorella; results; resultsgood with these algae.good with these algae.



Application Summary of Application Summary of SanolifeSanolife®®

MICMIC• Ammonium is excreted by bacteria (includingAmmonium is excreted by bacteria (including

BacillusBacillus) as well as larvae) as well as larvae

• Ammonium and pH monitoring is required: NHAmmonium and pH monitoring is required: NH33 mustmustbe less than 0.03 ppmbe less than 0.03 ppm

• Response: increase water exchange, especiallyResponse: increase water exchange, especially

when high protein % diets are fed.when high protein % diets are fed.





BL batch can inhibit the

Vietnam Vibrio: 1, 2, 5 &6 (slightly) and 3 & 4

(strongly)

BSK1 batch can inhibit theVietnam Vibrio: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

& 6 (slightly)



Disease Prevention inDisease Prevention in



AquacultureAquaculturePonds and hatchery tanks arePonds and hatchery tanks arecomplex ecosystems dominatedcomplex ecosystems dominated

by microbesby microbes

Microbial management isMicrobial management iseffective in disease preventioneffective in disease prevention

only when accompanied byonly when accompanied bysound pond managementsound pond management

Probiotics are not magic cures

nor can they work miracles!

Ù Ä ÛÙ Ä Û



ZEOLITE KEÙM HIEÄU QUAÛZEOLITE KEÙM HIEÄU QUAÛ

TRONG NÖÔÙC BIEÅNTRONG NÖÔÙC BIEÅNClaude E. Boyd, Auburn University - USA9

0.12 0.1 0.08 0.04

0

2

4

6

8

10

0.1 4 8 16 32

Salinity (ppt)

A m o n i a R e m o v a l ( g

/ K g Z e o l i t e )

Documents

Chuong IV MDH Trong Phong Benh TS