W E L L S E R V I C E S

Cimentations dans l’offshore profondInes Khalfallah, Well Integrity Cementing

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Topics§ Deepwater cementing overview§ Industry standards§ Schlumberger standards§ Deepwater Operational Integrity§ Questions & Answers

Deepwater Definitions

April 12, 20113

… & Super Jack-ups > 300 ft

Environment and Risks Specifics § Environment

– Extremely high cost operations– Low temperature and inverse temperature profile across the sea– Geology

– Shallow unconsolidated formations– Massive salt, tar sand, gas hydrates– Narrow margin between pore and frac pressures

– Complex well design– Remote location– Environmental regulations§ Possible risks

– Shallow hazards: water or gas flow– Lost circulation– Annular pressure buildup

Deepwater Temperatures

0.5 knots

0.2 knots ~ 4 oCMud Line

Mean Sea Level

Sea current velocity Temperature profile

Riser conductivity & geometry, sea current velocity, sea temp profile

Gas Hydrates

§ What are they?- Solid ice-like compounds of natural gas and

water, formed in high-pressure and low temperature conditions§ Consequences- Well control problems- Block the BOP, the choke and kill lines and

the annulus- Deterioration of mud properties- Plugs production tubing

One unit of hydrate can transform into 170 units of gas

Prevention of Hydrates§ While drilling- Proper drilling mud selection

(w/ glycol or salt)- Well Control- Control Temperature Increase§ While Cementing- Systems w/ lower heat of hydration

Industry Standards and Recommended Practices (1)

§ Norsok D-10 version 3: Well integrity in drilling and well operations§ API RP 65: Cementing shallow water flow zones in deepwater wells§ API RP 65 – Part 2: Isolating potential flow zones during well

construction§ API ST 65 – Part 2: Isolating potential flow zones during well construction§ API RP 96: Deepwater well design and construction (passed the ballot;

undergoing a few last editorial changes; should be published around end of February)

Industry Standards and Recommended Practices (2)

§ ISO 10426 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Cements and materials for well cementing –Testing of well cements§ Oil & Gas U.K.: Guidelines on qualification of materials for the

suspension and abandonment of wells, July 2012§ Oil & Gas U.K.: Guidelines for the suspension and abandonment of wells§ 117 – OLF Recommended Guidelines for well integrity

SLB Standards, Requirements and Guidelines

§ Well Integrity Standards– Schlumberger Corporate– Well Services§ Cementing Key Service Quality Requirements

– Perform free fluid, fluid loss, rheology, compatibility, thickening time and UCA tests on ALL cement slurries being pumped using additives and cement that are to be used on the job and using representative sample/s of water.

– For HPHT condition, run sedimentation test at bottom hole conditions.– For foam cement, run stability test.– And more …§ Cementing Engineering Manual

– Section 5-11: Deepwater Engineering Guidelines

Client Specific Requirements

§ Contract specific obligations§ Generic requirements

– InTouch reference pages

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Job Design§ Planning, planning and planning in particular for remote locations§ Simulation of various processes

– Primary cementing– Hydraulics for incompressible, compressible and foamed fluids– Temperature– Fluid displacement– Gas migration– Stresses in the cement sheath

– Plug cementing§ Special cases

– Dual density gradient, managed pressure drilling– Casing drilling– Dual casings– Expandable liners

Fluid Design§ Based on

– Environment and risks described before– Job simulations§ Example of required performance for cement slurries at low temperatures

and sometimes at low densities– Short WOC time– Fast strength development– Short transition time: less than 45 min.– Gas migration control– Low heat of hydration§ Other specific conditions

– High pressure and low temperature: can be challenging too

Laboratory Measurements§ Quality control of cement blends

– Density: helium pycnometer§ Spacers and cement slurries

– Density: pressurized mud balance– Stability: free fluid and sedimentation tubes– Rheology: standard rotational viscometers and HPHT viscometer– Wettability (spacers): wettability tester– Fluid loss: standard static and stirred fluid loss cells– Gel strength development: static gel strength analyzer (SGSA)– Conditioning and thickening time: atmospheric and pressurized consistometers– Compressive strength development: ultrasonic strength analyzer (UCA)§ Auxiliary equipment

– Chiller for low temperatures encountered while cementing the shallowest strings

WellIntegrity

PeopleCompetency

TechnicalCompliance

OperationalCompliance

Deepwater Operational Integrity

§ Definition of Well Integrity

§ Definition of Well Barrier

§ Sets the acceptance criteria of Well Barriers and the ownership and responsibilities of each SLB business line.

WellIntegrity

PeopleCompetency

TechnicalCompliance

OperationalCompliance

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Engineers Specialists

Deep WaterCertified

Deepwater Operational Integrity

§ 1 year long mandatory certification program for field engineers.

§ 6 month long mandatory certification program for field specialists.

§ Kellyville deepwater cementing Center of Excellence.

WellIntegrity

PeopleCompetency

TechnicalCompliance

OperationalCompliance

Deepwater Operational Integrity

§ Deepwater Cementing Review Board .. for 100% of DW programs.

§ 24 / 7 support out of Houston, Paris & KL.

§ Direct access to senior management for immediate risk escalations.

WellIntegrity

PeopleCompetency

TechnicalCompliance

OperationalCompliance

Deepwater Operational Integrity

§ Deepwater Cementing “PRA” tool – project readiness assessment.

§ Centralized global DW equipment engineering, installations and support.

W E L L S E R V I C E S

Thanks for your attention…Questions?