1111

Mg;gphpf;fhtpy; ,Uf;Fk; kfs;> jkpofj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; jd; je;ijaplk; NgRk; ciuahly;: “mg;gh.. ,d;dpf;F Foe;ijNahl gpwe;j ehs; tpoh ey;yh ele;jJ” “epiwa glq;fs; vLj;jPq;fsh!” “vLf;fhkyh? mij ,g;gj;jhd; Ng];Gf;fpy Vj;jpNdd;” “mg;g.. ,g;gNt glq;fs ghh;j;JlNwhk;..” rpy epkplq;fSf;Fg; gpd;> kWgbAk; fhy;. “mg;gh.. glq;fsg; ghj;jPq;fsh?” “ehDk; mk;khTk; ghh;j;Njhk;. vd;d jhd; ntg; Nfk; %ykh ele;jnjy;yhj;ijAk; ghh;j;jhYk;> Nghl;NlhTNy mijg; ghh;f;fwJq;fwJ jdpjhd;.. tPbNahit Vd; ,d;Dk; Vj;jy?” “,Njh.. ,d;Dk; miukzp Neuj;Jy mJTk; ,izaj;Jy ,Uf;Fk;..” “mg;g rhp.. ehd; u\;ahTy ,Uf;Fk; cd; mz;zid ghh;f;fr; nrhy;yp;lNwd;…”

glk; 1-1

,g;gb Mg;gphpf;fhtpy; ele;j gpwe;j ehs; epfo;tpd; glq;fis> ,e;jpahtpYk; ,d;Dk; cyfpd; kw;w ehLfspYk; clDf;Fld; ghh;f;Fk; jpwd; ,d;W fzpdp cyfpd; khngUk; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpd; xU rpW mq;fNk vd;W $Wk; tifapy;> fzpdp cyfpy; gd;klq;F Kd;Ndw;wk; ehSf;F ehs; Vw;gl;L tUfpwJ. Ngdhtpw;Fg; gjpyhf rl;ilg; igapy; ifNgrp> Gj;jfj;jpw;F gjpyhf I-Ngl; vd;W kdpjd; gad;gLj;Jk; nghUl;fs; khwp tUfpd;wd. vOJtjw;F gjpyhf> vOj;Jf;fis jl;LtJ vd;W gad;ghLk; khwptpl;lJ. fzpdpapy; jl;LtJ Rygkhfpg; Nghdjhy;> ghPl;iria vOj Ntz;Lkh vd;W Mahrg;gLfpd;wdh; ,d;iwa khzth;fs;. jtWfisr; Rl;bf;fhl;b rhp nra;tjhy;> ikf;Nuhrhg;l; Nth;l;by; fl;Liufis mbg;gJ mth;fSf;F Rygk;. kdpj tho;tpy; jhd; vj;jid vj;jid khw;wq;fs;. Vfg;gl;l Jfs;fs; xd;W Nrh;e;J J}rhfpwJ. me;jj; J}Rfs; xd;W Nrh;e;J Nkfkhfpd;wd. me;j Nkfq;fs; nts;isj; jpl;Lfsha; Mfhaj;jpy; tyk; tUtij ehk; jpdKk; fhz;fpNwhk;. ,d;W fzpdp cyfpYk; mJ Nghd;W xU Nkfk; cUthfp> cyfpy; ,Uf;Fk; midj;J kdpjh;fisAk; xU rpW tl;lj;jpw;Fs; milj;J> fk;gPukhf tyk; te;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. mnjd;d fzpdp cyfpy; Nkfk;? 2007Mk; Mz;bypUe;J gy Ma;tpw;F cl;gl;L tUk; Nkff; fzpg;G (fpsTl; fk;gpA+l;bq;)> jw;NghJ fzpdpapd; gaid gy tpjq;fspy; khw;wp mikj;Js;sJ vd;Nw nrhy;yyhk;. gadh;fSf;F gw;gy tifapy; cjTfpd;wJ. fpsTl; fk;gpA+l;bq;fpd; xU $Nw Nkw;nrhd;d glq;fis ,izaj;jpy; Vw;WjYk; mij cyfpd; kw;nwhU gFjpapypUe;J fhz;gJk;. fpsTl; fk;gpA+l;bq; gw;wp NkYk; njhpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w Mty; vOfpwjh? mijg; gw;wp ehOk; rw;W njhpe;J nfhs;syhkh? ek; Nkir fzpdpapy; nkd;nghUis Xl;bf; nfhLg;gjw;F gjpyhf> midj;JNk ,izafj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; Nkfk; vd;Dk; gy jug;gl;l fzpdpfSk;> Nritafq;fSk; (rh;th;) $ba $l;lj;jpy; ,izaj;jpd; topNa Xl;bf; nfhLg;gNj ,jd; Kf;fpa mk;rk;. mJ cq;fsJ midj;J gad;ghLfisAk; (mg;gpspNf\d;) Mtzq;fisAk; (lhFnkd;l;) cyfpd; ve;j %iyapy; ,Ue;jhYk; gad;gLj;j cjTk;. ,e;jg; Gjpa cyfpid Ghpe;J nfhs;tJ mj;jidf; fbdkhf fhhpaky;y. Vndd;why; ePq;fs; mjd; mk;rq;fis cq;fs; gzpfspy; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L jhd; ,Uf;fpwPh;fs;. ,d;W tiuapYk;> Nkirf; fzpdpapy; ehk; nkd;nghUis epWtp> mij Xlr; nra;J> ek; juTfis Vw;wp> gpwF Njitahd mwpf;iffisg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L ,Uf;fpNwhk;. ,J jdpj;Jr; nray;gLk; Kiw. ehk; cUthf;Fk; Nfhg;GfSk; Mtzq;fSk; ,e;jf; fzpdpapNyNa Nrkpj;J itf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mij epWtdj;jpd; tiyafj;jpd; %yk; kw;w fzpdpfs; mZfpg; ngWtJk; rhj;jpaNk. ,Ue;j NghJk;> tiyafj;jpd; ntspNa mtw;iw mZf KbahJ. ,J KOf;f KOf;f jdpahh; ikakhf mikf;fg;gl;lJ. Mdhy;> gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nkd;nghUisNa ,izaj;jpd; top fpsTl; fk;gpA+l;bq; %yk; ngwyhk;. ek; fzpdpapy; epWtg;gl Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. mjdhy; ek; fzpdp nraypoe;J NghdhYk; $l> nkd;nghUs; ,izaj;jpy; ghJfhg;ghf ,Ug;gjd; fhuzkhf> ehk; NtW fzpdpiaf; nfhz;L> mNj nkd;nghUisg; gad;gLj;jp ek; gzpapidr; nra;J tp;lyhk;. mJ Nghd;Nw Nfhg;GfSk; Mtzq;fiSk; $l ,izaj;jpy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;L ,Ug;gjhy;> mtw;iwAk; ,izaj;ijg; gad;gLj;jf; $ba ve;ef; fzpdp nfhz;Lk; cyfpd; ve;j %iyapy; ,Ue;jhYk;

mZfpg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;. mijg; ngWtNjhL kl;Lkpy;yhky;> mDkjp ,Ue;jhy;> mjd; cs;spUf;Fk; tpraj;ij $l;lTk; Fiwf;fTk; khw;wTk; nra;ayhk;. mjdhy; fpsTl; fk;gpA+l;bq; jdpahh; ikaj;ij tpl;L> Mtzj;ij ikakhff; nfhz;Lr; nray;gLfpwJ. ,J kpfTk; vspa tpsf;fk; kl;LNk. ,ijg; gw;wp NkYk; njhpe;J nfhs;Nthkh? fpsTl; fk;gpA+l;bq; tiyaff; fzpg;G (nel;nthh;f fk;gpA+l;bq;) my;y. tiyaff; fzpg;gpy; gad;ghLfSk;> Mtzq;fSk; epWtdj;jhhpd; ikar; Nritafj;jpy; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L> epWtd tiyafj;jpd; %ykhf> gadh;fs; gad;gL:j;j top nra;ag;gLfpwJ. gadh;fs; ngUk;ghYk; epWtdj;ijr; rhh;e;jth;fshfNt ,Ug;ghh;fs;. fpsTl; fk;gpA+l;bq; mijtplTk; kpfg; nghpaJ. ,J gw;gy epWtdq;fs;> gw;gy Nritafq;fs;> gw;gy tiyafq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. NkYk;> Nkfj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; midj;J tpraq;fisAk;> ehk; cyfpd; ve;j %iyapypUe;Jk; mZfyhk;. gadh;fs; cyfpy; ahuhf Ntz;LkhdhYk; ,Uf;fyhk;. mDkjp ngw;W mZf (mf;n]];) Ntz;ba nkd;nghUl;fSk;> Mtzq;fSk;> mDkjp ngw;wth;fs; kl;LNk mZf KbAk;. NkYk; fpsTl; fk;gpA+l;bq; ntspNa nfhLj;J nra;ag;gLk; gzp (mTl; Nrhh;]pq;) KiwAk; fpilahJ. epWtdq;fs; nghUshjhuk; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gk; fUjp> jq;fs; gzpfis NtW epWtdj;jhhplk; xg;gilj;J> Njitahd nkd;nghUis nra;ar; nrhy;ypr; nray;gLtJ ntspNa nfhLj;J nra;ag;gLk; gzp. ntspNtiy epWtdj;jhhplk;> (mTl; Nrhh;]pq; fk;ngdp) epWtdj;jpd; gad;ghl;L nkd;nghUSk; (mg;gpspNf\d;) > juTfSk; (Nllh) ,Ue;j NghJk;> epWtdr; Nritafj;ij tiyafj;jpd; %yk; gad;gLj;Jk; jpwd; ,Ue;j NghJk;> mJTk; epWtd tiyafj;jpd; vy;iyf;F cl;gl;Nl ,Uf;Fk;. mjdhy; NkNyhl;lkhff; fhZk; NghJ> tiyaff; fzpg;G kw;Wk; ntspNtiy Aj;jp Nghd;W Njhd;wpdhYk;> fpsTl; fk;gpA+l;bq; ,t;tpuz;bw;Fk; mg;ghw;gl;lJ. mg;gbnad;why; cz;ikapy; fpsTl; fk;gpA+l;bq; vd;gJ vd;d? cz;ik cU “fpsTl;” Nkfk; vd;w thh;j;ijapy; jhd; mlq;fpAs;sJ. Nkfk; vd;gJ gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd fzpdpfs; ,izf;fg;gl;l kpfg; nghpa fzpdpf; FO. mjpypUf;Fk; fzpdpfs; kpfr; rpwpa jdpegh; fzpdpahf ,Uf;fyhk;. my;yJ tiyafj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; Nritafkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. mit jdpahuhf ,Uf;fyhk;. nghJthfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. ,izaj;Jld; fzpdp ,ize;jhy; NghJk;. ehOk; Nkfj;jpd; xU mq;fkhf khwptpLNthk;. fzpdp cyfpy; Nkfk; vd;gJ gy tpraq;fis cs;slf;fpaJ. ̀ hh;l;Nth;> tiyafk; (nel;nthh;f;) > Nrkpg;Gg;fyd; (];NlhNu[;)> Nritfs; (rh;tpr];) kw;Wk; ,ilKfg;Gfs; (,d;lh;Ng];) Mfpa midj;ijAk; ,izj;Jf; jUk; Nrit jhd; fpsTl; fk;gpA+l;bq;. tiyafj;jpy; nkd;nghUisj; jUtJ> Ntz;ba midj;Jf; fl;likg;Gifs mikg;gJ> ghJfhg;Gg; ngl;lfj;ij cUthf;fpj; jUtJ midj;Jk; ,jd; mq;fk;. gadh;fispd; Njitf;Nfw;g midj;ijAk; juty;yJ. cjhuzkhf kpfTk; gpugykhd $Fs; epWtdj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. ehk; $Fs; NjLae;jpuj;jpd; %ykhf gy jfty;fisg; ngWfpNwhk;. [p-nkapy; %ykhf kpd;dQ;ry; mDg;gyhk;> ngwyhk;. ,J vg;gb rhj;jpakhfpwJ. $Fs; epWtdk; xU ngUk; Nkfj;ij epWtpapUg;gjd; tpisNt ,it. ,J kpfr; rpwpa jdpegh; fzpdp Kjy; nghpa Nritafk; tiu nfhz;lJ. mJ jdpahdJ. $FSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdJ. Mdhy; gadh;fSf;F ,J nghJthdJ. ahh; Ntz;LkhdhYk; vq;fpUe;J Ntz;LkhdhYk; gad;gLj;jyhk;. ,e;jf; fzpdp NkfkhdJ jdp epWtdj;jpw;Fk;> FOtpdUf;Fk; mg;ghw;gl;lJ. gad;ghl;L nkd;nghUSk;> juTfSk; ,e;j Nkff; $l;lj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; midj;Jf; fzpdpfSf;Fk; fpilf;Fk;. mDkjp ngw;Nwhh; mZfpg; ghh;f;fyhk;. ve;j Mtzj;ijAk;> nkd;nghUisAk; gad;gLj;jyhk;. gadh;fSf;F mjd; fl;likg;G> njhopy;El;gk; njhpe;jpUf;f Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. $Fs; epWtdj;jhh; ,e;jf; fpsTl; fk;gpA+l;bq; MW Kf;fpaf; $Wfisf; nfhz;lJ vd;W

tpsf;Fth;. Nkfk; gadh; ikakhdJ. gaduhf Nkfj;Jld; njhlh;G nfhz;lhy;> mjpy; ,Uf;Fk; Mtzq;fs;> jfty;fs;> glq;fs;> gad;ghl;L nkd;nghUl;fs; vd;W vJthdYk;> mJ gadUilajhfptpLk;. mit nrhe;jkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk; mNj Neuj;jpy;> kw;wth;fSld; gfph;e;J nfhs;sTk; cjTk;. Nkfk; gzp ikakhdJ. nkd;nghUSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fhky;> mtw;iwf; nfhz;L Vw;gLj;Jk; Mtzq;fSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;Fk;. Nkfk; rf;jp tha;e;jJ. jdp Nkir fzpdp (ngh;rdy; nl];f;lhg;) %ykhf fpilf;Fk; rf;jpia tpl> fzf;fplKbahj rf;jpia vz;zpylq;fh fzpdpfspd; $l;likg;gpy; fpilf;Fk; tha;g;G ,e;j Nkf mikg;gpd; %yk; fpilf;Fk;. Nkfk; vspjpy; mZfj;jf;fJ (mf;nrrgpy;). juTfs; Nkfj;jpy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhy;> gadh;fs; clDf;Fld; gw;gy Nritafq;fspypUe;J Mtzq;fis mZfpg; ngwyhk;. Nkfk; Ez;zwpT (,d;blypn[d;l;) nfhz;lJ. midj;J tpraq;fSk; Nkfj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhy;> gadh;fSf;Fg; gad;gLk; tifapy; Njitahdtw;iwj; Njbf; fz;nlLj;Jf; nfhLf;f> Nkfj;jpw;F Ez;zwpT Njit. Nkfk; epuyty;yJ (gpNuhfpuhkpgpy;). gy mj;jpahtrpakhd gzpfisr; nra;a> Nkfk; ,af;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf> juTfisg; gj;jpukhfr; Nrkpf;f> xU fzpdpapy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;l jfty;fs;> gy fzpdpfspy; Nrkpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mjdhy; xU fzpdp nraypoe;J NghdhYk;> mjpypUf;Fk; juTfs; kw;nwhU fzpdpapypUe;J ngw;Wj; ju Ntz;baJ Nkfj;jpd; flikahfpwJ. mjw;fhd nkd;nghUs; cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mjd; fhuzkhf Nkfk; epuyty;yJ. fpsTl; fk;gpA+l;bq; gad;ghl;L fsq;fs;> kpfTk; gpugykhd $Fs; FLk;gj;jpy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. $Fs; lhf;];> $Fs; ];gpnul;\Pl;> $Fs; fhNyz;lh;> gpfhrh Mfpa midj;J gad;ghl;L fsq;fSk; $Fs; Nritahfj;jpy; mike;Js;sd. ,izaj; njhlh;G fpilf;Fk; ve;jg; gFjpapypUe;Jk; gadh;fs; ,tw;iw mZfpg; gad;gLj;jyhk;. ,it FOg;gzpfs; nra;ag; nghpJk; cjTfpd;wd.

gadh;fSf;F ,ytrkhfNt 1 [pgp ntsp Nfhg;Gfisr; Nrkpf;fj; jug;gLfpwJ. fzpdpapypUe;J gadh;fSf;Fk;> gad;ghl;L nkd;nghUspypUe;J gzpfSf;Fk;> jdpj;Jr; Nrkpf;fg;gl;l juypUe;J vq;fpUe;J Ntz;LkhdhYk; mZfty;y juTfSf;Fk; ,d;W fzpg;G khwpapUf;fpwJ. mJNt fpsTl; fk;gpA+l;bq;. ek;kplk; nrhe;jkhff; fzpdp ,y;yhtpl;lhYk;> ,iza ikaj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W> ekf;Fj; Njitahd Mtzq;fis cUthf;fp> Nrkpj;J tplyhk;. Ntz;ba NghJ> mij me;j ,iza ikaj;jpw;Nfr; nrd;Wk; ngwyhk;> my;yJ NtNwhh; ChpypUe;Jk; mNj Mtzq;fis mZfpAk; ngwyhk;. mNj tifapy; ehk; ,izaj;jpy; Vw;Wk; glq;fs; midj;ijAk;> cyfpy; ve;j %iyapypUe;jhYk; ek; cwtpdh;fshy; fhz KbAk;. mJNt fpsTl; fk;gpA+l;bq;fpd; kfpik. ,d;Dk;; fpsTl; fk;gpA+l;bq; gw;wpa tpraq;fis tUk; thuq;fspy; njhpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

2

ntspehl;bypUe;J fztd; kidtpAld; NgRk; njhiyNgrp ciuahly;: kidtp gae;J nfhz;L ,Ug;ghNs vd;W Nrfh; midj;J jzpf;iffSk; Kbe;j gpwF> kidtpf;Fg; Ngrpdhd;. "ukh.. ehd; ,d;Dk; miu kzp Neuj;jpy tPl;by ,Ug;Ngd;.." "vd;dq;f Mr;R.. uhj;jphp gj;J kzpf;F te;JLNtd;D nrhy;ypl;L> ,g;g gd;dpuz;L kzp MFNj.." "ehd; gpisl; VwJf;F nfhQ;r Neuk; Kd;dhb vd;Dila ifg;igia vq;NfNah jtw tpl;Ll;Nld;. ,uz;L kzp Neukh NjbAk; fpilf;fy. nrf;fpd; nra;Jl;ljhy ehd; nrd;idf;F tu Vwpl;Nld;. ,q;f te;j gpd;dhy gh];Nghh;l; ,y;yhk ntspapy tply. mjdhy jhd; Nyl;" "mg;Gwkh vd;d nrQ;rp ntspNa te;jPq;f?" "vd;Dila I-NghdpypUe;J it-ig %ykhf Nrt; nrQ;rpUe;j gh];Nghh;l efy mjpfhhpf;Ff; fhl;bNdd;. mij mr;rpypl mth;fSila fzpdpf;F mDg;gpAk; itj;Njd;. ,g;Nghijf;F gpur;rpidapy;iy" "mg;g gh];Nghh;l;?" "ig fpilf;Fjhd;D ghh;f;fZk;. ,y;iyd;dh ,dp ehisf;Nf Ngha; GJ gh];Nghh;l;f;F mg;is nra;aZk;." ntspehl;by; Ntiy epkpj;jkhf te;j Nrfh;> ,d;ndhU ehl;L tpkhdepiyaj;jpy; jd;Dila midj;J mtzq;fSk; gzKk; ,Ue;j ifg;igia jtw tpl;ljd; fhuzkhf> ehL jpUk;g mjpfhhpaplk; Mtz efiyf; fhl;l Ntz;b te;jJ. ,d;iwa tpQ;Qhd Afj;jpy; mjid clDf;Fld; nra;Ak; tha;g;G gy tiffspy; ,Ue;j NghJk;> ,izak; %yk; mij kpfTk; vspjhfTk; NtfkhfTk; nra;J tpl KbAk;. ,JTk; fpsTl; fk;gpA+l;bq;fpd; - Nkff; fzp;g;gpd; xU gad;. ,d;iwa Nkff; fzpg;G vg;gb cUthdJ vd;gij ,d;W njhpe;J nfhs;syhkh? fzpdp fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l Muk;g ehl;fspy;> mit jdpj;Nj nray;gl;L te;jd. mjd; gad;ghLfs; gw;wpa Ma;T mjpfkhf mjpfkhf> fzpdpfs; xd;Nwhnlhd;W njhlh;G nfhs;Sk; jd;ik fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ fzpdpfs; gy;NtW tpjq;fspy; njhlh;G nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jd. Kjd;Kjypy; gadh;-Nritah; Kiw cUthdJ. ,jpy; gad;ghLk;> Nrkpg;Gf;fyd;> epidtfk; Kf;fpa mq;fk; tfpj;jd. midj;J nkd;nghUSk;> juTfSk;> fl;Lg;ghLfSk; nghpa fzpdp Nritafj;jpy; ,Ue;jd. gadh;fs; Ntz;baj; juTfisg; ngwTk; nkd;nghUl;fisr; nray;gLj;jTk; Kf;fpaf; fzpdpAld; njhlh;G nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mjw;F Efh;tp (fpisad;l;) fzpdpfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. ,J Kf;fpa fzpdpAld; njhlh;G nfhs;Sk; xNu gzpia kl;LNk nra;jd. jdpj;J ,aq;fhJ. gadh;fs; vg;NghJk; Kf;fpa fzpdpia kl;LNk rhh;e;J ,Uf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ,it gadh;fis Kd;dpWj;jpr; nray;glhjit. Mdhy; Nkff; fzpg;G> gadh;fis ikakhff; nfhz;lJ. Nritafk; vg;gb ,Ue;jhYk;> Efh;tp mjd; %ykhfNt nray;gl;lhf Ntz;ba eph;ge;jk; gadh;-Efh;tpapy; ,Ue;jJ. ,uz;L rf;jp tha;e;j fzpdpfs; xd;Nwhnlhd;W njhlh;G nfhz;L nray;gLtJ mLj;j epiy. xU fzpdp gaduhfTk; kw;nwhd;W Efh;tpahfTk; nray;gLk; tha;g;G

,Ue;jJ. ,jpy; ikag;gLj;Jjy; khw;wk; ngw;wJ. fl;L;g;ghL gfph;e;jspf;fg;gl;lJ. vj;jid fzpdpfs; ,Ue;jhYk; midj;JNk jdpj;Jk; gad;gLj;jyhk;. xd;Nwhnlhd;W njhlh;G nfhz;L tsq;fisAk; NritfisAk; gad;gLj;Jk; tz;zk; mike;jd. ,J Neubj; njhlh;G (gpah; L gpah; - gp2gp)mikg;G vd;W miof;fg;gl;lJ. 1979Mk; Mz;L cUthf;fg;gl;l A+];nel; ,e;j tifapy; mikf;fg;gl;l Muk;g fhy ,izak;. ,jpy; xt;nthU fzpdpAk; tiyahf ,izf;fg;gl;ld. midj;J fzpdpfSk; ,izaj;jpd; midj;J jfty;fisAk; gfph;e;J nfhz;ld. jfty;fs; ghpkhwg;gl;ld. ,e;j A+];nel; Nritah; ,izaj;jpy; Gjpjhfr; Nrh;f;fg;gLk; fzpdp> clNd ,e;j ,izaj;jpd; midj;Jj; jfty;fisAk; ngWk; jd;ik ngw;wJ. gadh; Nritah; Kiwapy; fzpdp ,izf;fg;gl;lhYk;> ,J Neubj; njhlh;G Vw;gLj;jp> ,d;iwa Nkff; fzpg;gpw;F Kd;Ndhbahfj; jpfo;e;jJ. mLj;J tpepNahff; fzpg;G (b];bhpgpA+l;ll; fk;gpA+l;bq;) Kiw te;jJ. ,J mjpf fzpg;G rf;jp nfhz;lJ. ,JTk; gp2gp Kiwapd; xU tif. Mdhy; ,jpy; ,izf;fg;gLk; fzpdpfs; njhlh;G nfhs;tNjhL epd;Wtplhky;> nrayw;w fzpdp kw;w fzpdpfSf;Fj; Njitahd rf;jpiaj; jUk; tifapy; ,Ue;jJ. mjw;Fj; Njitahd nray;fisr; nra;J je;jJ. mjdhy; tpepNahff; fzpg;G Kiwapy; ,izf;fg;gl;l 100 fzpdpfs;> cyfpy; nghpa fzpdpfisAk;> kfhfzpdpfisAk; tpl $Ljy; rf;jp gilj;jjhf Mapd. 1973Mk; Mz;L n[uhf;];; ghh;f; fz;l ,e;j Kiw> ,izafj;jpy; nrayw;w fzpdpfSf;Fk; Ntiy je;jd. 1988,y; nlf; fz;l tpepNahff; fzpg;G nghpa vz;fSf;Ff; fhuzpfisf; (Ngf;lh;) fzpj;jJ. 1990,y; 100 gadh;fis nfhz;l fzpdpf; FO 100 ,yf;f vz;fSf;Ff; fhuzpfisf; fzpj;jJ. 1995,y; tiyahf mikf;fg;gl;l fzpdpf; FO 130 ,yf;f vz;Zf;F fhuzpfisf; fzpj;jJ. mj;jid rf;jpia tiyaff; fzpdpfs; je;jd. Muk;g fhyj;jpypUe;Nj> gy gadh;fs; xNu nraiy> gy $Wfshfg; gphpj;Jf; nfhz;L> nray;gl;l NghJk;> ,ize;J nray;gLk; jpwd; Njitg;gl;lJ. FOthf ,ize;J nray;gLk; ,JNt Nkff; fzpg;gpw;F Kd;NdhbahdJ. $b tho;e;jhy; Nfhb ed;ik vd;W $w;Wf;F gy;NtW fijfis gyUk; nrhy;ypf; Nfl;bUg;gPh;fs;. mjw;fhd kpfg; nghpa cjhuzk; Nkff; fzpg;G vd;W nrhd;dhy;> ,d;W ahuhYk; kWf;f KbahJ. gy tifahd gp2gp ,ize;J ,j;jifa FO Ntiyfs; nray;gl;L te;jd. ,k;Kiwapy; nray;gl xUth; kw;nwhUtUf;F clDf;Fld; njhlh;G nfhs;Sk; trjp Njitg;gl;lJ. mJNt kpd;dQ;ry;> MbNah tPbNah njhiyNgrp vy;yhk;. gpd;dh; mNj Nghd;W Nfhg;GfisAk; juTfisAk; mDg;Gk; Kiwfs; Njitg;gl;ld. ,itAk; fzpdp njhlh;ghy; rhj;jpakhdJ. Nyhl;l]; Nehl;];> ikf;Nuhrhg;l; nel;nthh;f; ,ijr; rhj;jpakhf;fpaJ. xNu epWtdj;jpdh; njhlh;G nfhs;tJ gpd;dh;> gy epWtdj;jpdUld; njhlh;G nfhs;Sk; epiyf;F Kd;NdwpaJ. xU epWtdj;ijr; rhh;e;j gy ,lq;fspy; ,Uf;Fk; gadh;fs; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F Nkyhf> gy epWtdj;jpdUk; ,ize;J nrayhw;Wk; jpwk; ,izaj;jhy; rhj;jpakhdJ. ,jw;F vLj;Jf;nfhz;l jpl;lj;ijr; (gpuhn[f;l;) rhh;e;j midj;Jf; Nfhg;GfSk;> Mtzq;fSk;> juTfSk; Nkfj;jpy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba mtrpak; Vw;gl;lJ. mtw;iw ,izaj; njhlh;G ,Uf;Fk; ve;j ,lj;jpypUe;Jk; mZFk; jpwd; fpilj;jJ. ,j;jifa Nkfk; rhh;e;j Mtzqfs; Kjd;Kjypy; $Fs; epWtdj;jhh; cUthf;fpa nghpa Nritaj;jpd; %yk; fUthdJ. ,d;W mJ tsh;e;J kw;w nghpa epWtdj;jpdUk; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jpUf;Fk; gad;ghl;L epuy;fs; %ykhf rpwif tphpj;J cyfnkq;Fk; gwe;J nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwJ. ,d;W Nkfr; Nritia gadh;fs; gyUk; jq;fs; Nfhg;Gis cUthf;fTk;> gfph;e;J nfhs;sTk;> Njb vLj;J gad;gLj;jTk; crpjkhd jskhf Nkff; fzpg;G cUthfp ,Uf;fpwJ. Nkfj;jpd; fl;likg;G vd;d?

Nkfk; vd;gJ vg;NghJk; $wp tUtJ Nghy gy fzpdpfSk; Nritafq;fSk; ,izaj;jhy; ,izf;fg;gl;l fzpdp $l;lk;. mjw;F td;nghUis jdp egNuh epWtdNkh mikj;J> gy juT ikaq;fisf; nfhz;ljhf mikg;gh;. fzpdpfs; ve;j ,af;F jsj;ijAk; ngw;wpUf;fyhk;.

glk; 2-1 jdp egh;fs; Nkfj;ij jq;fs; Nkir fzpdp %ykhfNth my;yJ kbf;fzpdp %ykhfNth ve;jnthU Nghh;l;lgpy; rhjdk; %ykhfNth ,izaj;Jld; njhlh;G njhlh;G nfhs;syhk;. gadh;fshy; Nkfk; xNunahU jdp gad;ghlhfTk; rhjdkhfTk; MtzkhfTk; fUjg;gLk;. td;nghUs; gadh;fs; fz;fSf;F Gyg;glhJ. ,e;jf; fl;likg;G kpfTk; vspjhfj; Njhd;wpa NghJk;> ,jd; gzpfis eph;thfk; nra;tjpy; jhd; mjd; Kf;fpak;rk; mlf;fpAs;sJ. fzpdpapy; ,l;lg; gzpapid Vw;W> mij fzf;fw;w gy fzpdpfspd; Jiz nfhz;L nrayhw;wp> ,Wjpapy; KbTfisj; jUtjpy; jhd; Nkfj;jpd; rhJh;ak; ,Uf;fpwJ.

glk; 2-2 glj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ Nghy;> Kjypy; jdp egh; xUth; fzpdp %yk; ,iza Kfg;igf; nfhz;L Nkfj;ijj; njhlh;G nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,q;F jhd; gadh; jdf;F Ntz;ba gad;ghl;ilNah Mtzj;ijNah jpwf;f Miz gpwg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. gadhpd; gzp gpwF mikg;G eph;thf (rp];lk; NkNd[;nkd;l;) epuYf;F khw;wg;gLk;. mJ rhpahd tsj;ijf; fz;Lgpbj;J gpwF xJf;fPl;Lr; Nritia (gpnuhtprdpq; rh;tpr];) nray;gLj;Jk;. ,e;jr; Nrit jhd; Nkfj;jpYs;s Njitahd tsj;ijf; fz;Lgpbj;J> ,izag; gad;ghl;ilr; nrayhw;wr; nra;J> Ntz;ba Mtzq;fis cUthf;fNth jpwf;fNth cjTk;. ,iza gad;ghL nrathw;wj; Jtq;fpaJk;> mikg;G fz;fhzpg;Gk; (rp];lk; khdplhpq;) msj;jYk; (kPl;lhpq;) Muk;gkhfptpLk;. rhpahd tsq;fs; rhpahd Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwjh vd;gijawpaTk; ,it cjTk;. Nkfj;jpd; ,e;j Kf;fpakhd eph;thfg; gzp> kdpj fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; ,y;yhky;> KOf;f KOf;f Nritafq;fshy; nra;ag;gl Ntz;baJ vd;gijg; Ghpe;J nfhs;Sjy; ,q;F mtrpak;. mg;gbnad;why; Nkfr; Nrkpg;Gf;fyd; vg;gb ,Uf;Fk;? Nkff; fzpg;gpd; kw;nwhU mk;rk; Nkfr; Nrkpg;Gf;fyd; jhd;. ,jpy; juRfs; juT ikaq;fspYk; jdp egh; fzpdpfspYk; Nrkpf;fg;glhky;> khw;whh; (Njh;l; ghh;l;b) mikj;jpUf;Fk; Nritaff; $l;lj;jpd; gw;gy fzpdpfspy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. juT Nrkpf;fg;gLk; NghJ> gadUf;F kiwKfkhd Nritafk; njd;gLk;. juT xU Fwpg;gpl;l ,lj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l ngahpy; Nrkpf;fg;gLtJ Nghy; Njhd;Wk;. Mdhy; cz;ikahd ,lkhf ,Uf;fhJ. mJ vq;F Nrkpf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gijg; gaduhy; mwpe;J nfhs;s KbahJ. gadhpd; juT Nkff; $l;lj;jpd; ve;jf; fzpdpapy; Ntz;LkhdhYk; ,Uf;fyhk;. ehSf;F ehs;> nehbf;F nehb mJ khwTk; $Lk;. Nkfk; mij fpilf;Fk; tsj;jpw;F Vw;g khw;wpaikj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk; ty;yik nfhz;lJ. ,lk; kiwKfkhf ,Ue;j NghJk;> Nkfk; fzpdpapy; gadUf;F Fwpg;gpl;l ,lj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l Mtzk; ,Uf;Fk; tifapy; fhl;rp jUk;. ,d;W ,Uf;Fk; Nkfr; Nritfs; vd;ndd;d?

,izak; %ykhf gad;ghLfSk; NritfSk; Nkfk; %ykhfj; jug;gLtNj Nkfr; Nrit. ,it fhy ml;ltiz> vOj;Jr; nray;ghl;Lfs;> ];gpnul; \Pl; Mf ,Uf;fyhk;. $Fs; Kjw;nfhz;L mNkrhd;> ikf;Nuhrhg;l; vd;W gy epWtdq;fs; gy Nkfg; gad;ghLfis (mg;gpspNf\d;];) cUthf;fp tUfpd;wdh;. gad;ghL Nkfj;jpNyNa epWtg;gLfpwJ. jdp egh; mij Nkfj;jpNyNa nray;gLj;jpAk; nfhs;syhk;. ,e;jg; gad;ghLfspy; rpy ,ytrkhfj; jug;gLfpd;wd. rpy gad;ghLfSf;F gad;ghl;bw;F Vw;g njhif fl;l Ntz;b tUk;. mijAk; ,izaj;jpd; %ykhf fl;b tplyhk;. gad;ghLk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Mtzq;fSk; Nkfr; Nritafj;jpNyNa itf;fg;gLk;. ,jdhy; gy gad;fs; cz;L. Mtzq;fis efy; vLf;f Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. ve;jf; fzpdp %ykhfTk; ,iza top Mtzq;fisg; ngwyhk;. fzpdp nraypoe;J Nghdhy;> kw;nwhU fzpdp nfhz;L ,Nj Ntiyiaj; njhluyhk;. xNu Mtzj;ij mDkjp ngw;w gy gadh;fs; xNu Neuj;jpy; fhzyhk;. Nkff; fzpg;G cUthd tpjj;ijAk;> mJ nray;gLk; tpjj;ijAk; NkNyhl;lkhf mwpe;J nfhz;Nlhk;. ,d;Dk; rpy tptuq;fis mLj;Jg; ghh;f;fyhk;.

3

ntspA+nuhd;wpy; jhq;fs; tpw;Fk; nghUs; Fwpj;J gpunrd;Nl\d; ju ,Uth; nrd;wpUe;jdh;. fpsg;g Ntz;ba Neuj;jpy; mth;fSf;fpilNaahd ciuahly;: “Njth.. vd;d gpunrd;Nl\Df;Fj; Njitahd rPbia vLj;J tr;rpf;fpl;ilah?” “,Njh vLj;J itf;fpNwd;?” Njth jd; ngl;bapy; Njbdhd;. mJ itf;fg;gl;bUe;j ,lj;jpy; ,y;yhJ fz;L gae;J Ngha; ngl;b KOf;f Njl Muk;gpj;jhd;. ngl;biaj; JohTtijf; fz;l rq;fh;> “vd;d Njth.. vd;dj;ij mg;gbj; NjlNw..” “rPbaj;jhd;. mjf; fhzy.. ,g;g vd;d nra;awJ” vd;W tUj;jg;gl;lhd;. “fhziyah.. vLj;J itr;rJ Qhgfk; ,Uf;fh?” “epr;rakh vLj;J tr;Nrd;. Mdh ,g;g vq;Nfd;D njhpay.. Nghr;R Nghr;R.. vy;yhNk Nghr;R.. ,g;g gpunrd;Nl\id vg;gbr; nra;awJ?” vd;W jiyFdpe;jhd;. “tpL.. rPbapy;iyd;dh guthapy;y..” “rPbapy;yhNk gpunrd;Nl\dh?” vd;W mjph;e;jhd;. “gpunrd;Nl\d; gth;ghapd;l; igiy ehd; Nkfj;jpy Nrt; nra;jpUf;Nfd;. ehk; Nghw ,lk; ,d;lh;nel; fndf;\d; ,Uf;fw ,lq;fwjhy ve;jg; gpur;ridAkpy;y.. ftiyg;glhNj!” vd;W MWjyspj;jhd; rq;fh;. mjpfk; gazk; Nkw;nfhz;L Nfhg;GfisAk; Mtzq;fisAk; rPbf;fisAk; fzpdpiaAk; Rke;J nfhz;L miyahky;> nry;Yk; ,lj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; fzpdpiaf; nfhz;Nl Ntz;baj; juTfisg; ngw;W gzpapidr; nra;J jpUg;GNthUf;F Nkfk; xU tug;gpurhjk;. Nkff; fzpg;ghy; gy Ntiyfis vspjhfr; nra;ayhk;. Nkff; fzpg;ghy; ahh; ahUf;F yhgk;? FOthfr; nray;gLgth;fSf;F mjpf yhgk;. ve;jnthU gzpiaAk; xUth; kw;wtUf;F $l;lk; Nghl;L vLj;Jf; $w Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;yhky; midj;Jj; jfty;fisAk; ,izak; topahfj; juyhk;. Mtzq;fisg; nghJthf;fp> mt;tg;NghJ ,Uf;Fk; khw;wq;fis clDf;Fld; fhZk;gbr; nra;ayhk;. xU epWtdj;jpw;Fs; kl;Lkpy;yhky;> xU ehl;bw;Fs; kl;Lkpy;yhky; ,e;jf; FO cyfk; KOtJk; gue;J tphpe;jpUe;jhYk; ,J rhj;jpakhFk;. rpf;fdj;jpy; Fwpahf ,Ug;NghUf;F ,jpy; yhgk; mjpfk;. td;nghUs;> nkd;nghUs; ,uz;bYk; fzprkhf kpr;rk; gpbf;fyhk;. ,izaj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; nkd;nghUisg; gad;gLj;jp gzpiar; nra;a Kbe;jhy;> jdpahf nkd;nghUis thq;fp jq;fs; nrhe;jf; fzpdpapy; epWt Ntz;ba mtrpakpUf;fhJ. ,g;NghJ gy gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; nkd;nghUs; KjyPl;ilf; Fiwf;f $Fs; gad;ghLfis gad;gLj;j Kad;W tUfpd;wd. jfty; El;gj; Jiwapdh;> eph;thfj;jpd; nryTfisf; Fiwf;f> Nkff; fzpg;ig ehLfpd;wdh;. rf;jp tha;e;j nghpa fzpdp ikaq;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf> ,izahd rf;jpiaj; jUk; Nkfr; Nritafq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpdhy;> nryit fzprkhff; Fiwf;fyhk; vd;w vz;zk; nfhz;L gyUk; nray;gl;L tUfpd;wdh;.

Njit mjpfhpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl NghFk; gadh;fSf;Fk; ,J tug;gpurhjk;. Nrkpj;J itf;Fk; Mtzq;fs; mjpfhpf;f mjpfhpf;f> td;nghUs; Njit mjpfkhFk;. mjw;fhd nryTfisAk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mj;jifath;fs; Nkfr; Nritiag; gad;gLj;jyhk;. jw;NghJ Nkfj;jpy; vj;jid Gifg;glq;fSk; tPbNahg;glq;fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;W fzf;fpl;Lf; $w ahuhYk; KbahJ. ,e;j b[p;ly; cyfpy; b[ply; glq;fs; Nfhbf;fzf;fpy; Nkfj;jpy; nfhl;bf;fplg;gjw;Ff; fhuzk; xU igrh nrytpy;yhky; ek;khy; me;jg; glq;fis Nkfr; Nritafj;jpy; Nrkpj;J itf;fyhk; vd;W epiy Vw;gl;ljhy; jhd;. mNjg; Nghd;W jhd; A+bA+g;gpy; ,Uf;Fk; tPbNahg;glq;fSk;. Nkfj;ijj; njhl Kbahjth;fs; ahh; ahh; vd;Wk; njhpe;J nfhs;NthNk! ,izaj; njhlh;G fpl;lhj ,lj;jpy; tho;gth;fSf;F Nkfk; gadw;wJ. ,izaj; njhlh;ig ehlhky; jdp egh; fzpdpia kl;LNk gad;gLj;JNthh;f;Fk; ,J gadw;wJ. juTfspd; ghJfhg;gpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLg;gth;f;Fk; ,J gadw;wJ. Nrkpf;fg;gl;L ,Uf;Fk; juTfSk; Mtzq;fSk; gw;gy ngah; njhpahj fzpdpfspy; ghJfhf;fg;gLtjhYk;> kw;whhpd; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fs; ,Ug;gjhYk;> juTfspd; ghJfhg;gpw;F gq;fk; Vw;glyhk;. mij kw;wth;fs; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; tha;g;Gk; Vw;glyhk;. jw;NghJ ,Uf;Fk; gad;ghLfSld; kpFe;j xl;Ljy; cs;sth;fSf;Fk; Nkfk; gad;glhJ. ikf;Nuhrhg;l;> Nkf; nkd;nghUs;fSf;F mbikahdth;fshy; ,izag; gad;ghLfisg; gad;gLj;Jjy; rw;Nw fbdkhdJ. mtw;wpy; ,Uf;Fk; kpfr; rpwe;j nray;ghLfSk; mk;rq;fSk; ,d;Dk; jw;Nghija ,izag; gad;ghLfspy; tutpy;iy. mjdhy; mj;jifNahUf;F Nkfk; gydspf;fhJ. nghJthf Nkfk; vd;d vd;gJ ,g;NghJ vy;NyhUf;Fk; Ghpe;jpUf;Fk;. Nkfk; vd;ndd;d Nritfisj; jUfpwJ vd;gij ,g;NghJ ghh;g;Nghk;. Nkfk; Kf;fpakhf %d;W tifahd Nritfisj; jUfpwJ.

glk; 3-1

Nritahf fl;likg;G (,d;gpuh];lf;rh; m]; v rh;tp]; IaaS) Nritahf Nkil (gpshl;ghh;l; m]; v rh;tp]; PaaS) Nritahf td;nghUs; (rhg;l;Nth;; m]; v rh;tp]; SaaS) fl;likg;Gr; Nrit fzpdp td;nghUl;fs; (Nritafk;> tiy El;gk;> Nrkpg;Gf;fyd; kw;Wk; juT ikaj;jpw;fhd ntsp) jUk; Nrit. ,J tsq;fis eph;tfpf;f ,af;Fjsk; kw;Wk; kiwKf El;gk; (nth;Rty; nlf;dhy[p) Mfpatw;iwf; $lj; jUk;. fl;likg;Gr; Nritapy;> Efh;Nthh;> fzpdp tsj;ijg; gad;gLj;j thlifj; njhifia fl;bdhy; NghJkhdJ. gad;ghl;bw;F Vw;g mJ mikAk;. ,d;W mjpy; ntw;wpfukhf nray;gLk; epWtdk; mNkrhd; epWtdk;. mJ ,yh];bf; fk;gpA+l; fpsTl; ,rp2 vd;w tpahghuj;jpy; jq;fs; Kj;jpiuiag; gjpj;J Kd;Ndhbahfj; jpro;fpd;wdh;. ,rp2 Efh;NthUf;F tiyaf Kfg;igj; je;J> jq;fs; kiwKfr; rhjdq;fisg; gad;gLj;j mDkjpf;fpd;wdh;. gad;gLj;Jk; Neuj;jpw;F Vw;g tsq;fSf;F njhif eph;zapf;fg;gLfpd;wd. gadh;fs; jq;fSf;F Ntz;baij njhifiaf; fl;b ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;. gadh; jdf;F mspj;jpUf;Fk; tsq;fisf; $l;bf; nfhs;sNth Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;sNth nra;ayhk;. mjdhy; jhd; ,e;jr; Nritf;F ,yh];bf; vd;w ngaiu ,izj;Js;sdh;. vLj;Jf;fhl;bw;F gadh; jdf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; Nrkpg;Gf;fyd; msit mjpf juTfis Ma;T nra;Ak; NghJ> Ntz;ba mstpw;F mjpfhpj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. gpd;dh; Ma;T Kbe;jJk; mijf; Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. Muha;r;rpf; $lq;fspy; elj;jg;gLk; kpfg; nghpa Ma;Tj; jpl;lq;fSf;F ,j;jifa $l;lTk; Fiwf;fTk; trjp gilj;j fl;likg;G nghpJk; cjTk;. mwptpay; kw;Wk; kUj;Jtj; JiwapdUf;F ,J nghpa tug;gpurhjk;. mLj;jJ Nritahf Nkil. ,e;jr; Nrit fl;likg;gpw;F xU gb NkNy. ,J nrhy;A+rd; ];lhf; - jPh;T mykhhp vd;W $Wk; tifapy;> xU Fwpg;gpl;l td;nghUis cUthf;f> gad;ghl;il (mg;spNf\d;) cUthf;f vd;ndd;d Ntz;LNkh midj;ijAk; jUk;. ,jd; Kf;fpahk;rk;> xU gad;ghl;il cUthf;fTk;> mij ghpl;rpj;Jg; ghh;g;gjw;Fk;> gpd; mij epWTtjw;Fk; Nkfj;jpNyNa ,lk; mspf;fg;gl;LtpLk;. mikg;G tbtikg;G (rp];lk; bird;) njhlq;fp> mikg;Gj; njhlhpd; (rp];lk; iyg;irfps;) midj;J mq;fq;fisAk; gzpfisAk; Nkfj;jpd; Jiz nfhz;Nl nra;J Kbj;J tplyhk;. cUthf;fg;gl;l td;nghUNsh> gad;ghNlh Njh;T nra;j Nritiar; rhh;e;J ,Uf;Fk;. Nrit ikaj;ij khw;Wk; vz;zk; nfhz;lhy;> mjdhy; gpur;rpidfs; voyhk;. td;nghUs; Gjpa Nritafj;jpy;> Nkil Gjpjhdnjd;gjhYk; gyjug;gl;l khw;wq;fshYk; nray;gl KbahJ Nghfyhk;. ,ijj; jtph;f;f ,g;NghJ Xgd; Nkilr; Nrit cUthf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ. $Fs; Mg; vd;[pd;(Google App Engine)> ikf;Nuhrhg;l; mrh; (Microsoft Azure)> Mg;n[l;> Nghh;];.fhk; Nghd;wit mj;jifar; Nritiaj; jUfpd;wd. mLj;jJ vd;d? td;nghUs; Nrit jhd;. ,J njhopy; gad;ghLfis epWtj; Njitahd Nritafj;ijj; jUfpwJ. ,J jw;NghJ gpugykhf ,Uf;Fk; v.v];.gp (mg;spNf\d; rh;tp]; gpnuhitlh;) Nghd;wJ. gad;ghl;il ve;j epWtdj;jpdYk; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;syhk;. jq;fs; juTfis Vw;wp Ma;T nra;J nfhs;syhk;. rp.Mh;.vk; - Efh;Nthh; cwT eph;thfk; (f];lkh; hpNy\d;\pg; NkNd[;nkd;l;) gad;ghL ,izafj;jpy; gy Nrit epWtdq;fshy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mtw;wpy; xd;iwj; Njh;T nra;J ek; epWtdj;jpd; juTfis mjpy; Vw;wpf;nfhz;L gad;gLj;jyhk;. mjw;fhf xU njhifia fl;l Ntz;Lk;. ek; juTfs; jdpahf Nrkpf;fg;gl;L ghJfhf;fg;gLk;.

,it tp.gp.vd; kiwKfj; jdpegh; tiy (nth;Rty; gpiuNtl; nel;nthh;f;) %ykhfr; nray;gLk;. nghJ tiyafj;jpy; jdpegh; tiyafk; cUthf;fg;gLtNj ,jd; mk;rk;. ,J juTfis gj;jpukhf mDg;gTk; ngwTk; cjTk;. ah`_ nkapy;> Nyhl;l]; iyt;> ikf;Nuhrhg;l; iyt;> n[hN`h Nghd;wit mj;jifar; Nritiaj; jUfpd;wd. Nkfr; Nritapy; ,Uf;Fk; ,e;j %d;W tpjkhd cUtq;fs; jhd; ,d;W gadh;fs; midtiuAk; nghpa cyf cUz;ilapy; neUf;fkhf ,Uf;Fk; jd;ikiag; ngw;Wj; je;jpUf;fpwJ. %d;W NritfisAk; Nkfr; Nrit gad;ghLfs; eph;tfpj;J Mz;L nray;gLtJ jhd; Nkff; fzpg;G. eph;thf nkd;nghUis cUthf;FtJ vt;tsT fbdkhd nraNyh mij tplTk; Nfhbf;fzf;fhd gadh;fspd; Njitfis epiwT nra;tJ fbdkhdJ. ehSf;F ehs; mth;fspd; Njitfs; mjpfhpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl nry;fpwJ. mjw;Nfw;g tiyAk; tphpe;J nfhz;Nl nry;fpwJ. ,J vq;F nfhz;L Ngha; tpLk; vd;gij ahuhYk; vspjpy; fzpj;J tpl KbahJ. fw;gidfs; midj;Jk; cU ngw;W tUk; epiy ,d;W.

4444 ,U ez;gh;fSf;F ,ilNaahd ciuahly;: “njhopy; vg;gb elf;FJ?”

“ey;yhNtg; NghFJ.” “Mkh cq;f Mgp]; vq;Nf ,Uf;FJ?”

“,Njh ,J jhd; vd; Mgp];” vd;W jd; fzpdpiaf; fhl;bdhh; nghUis Vw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjp nra;Ak; thzpfj;jpy; ,Ug;gth;. “vd;dJ.. fzpdpNa cq;f Mgp]h?” “Mkh. xU Mgp]; NghlZk;d;dh.. thliff;F xU ,lk; NtZk;. nlypNghd; iyd; thq;fZk;. Ntiyf;F Ms; vLf;fZk;. jpdk; fhiyapy tPl;il tpl;L fpsk;gp> gazk; nrQ;rp Mgp]_f;Fg; Ngha; Ntiyag; ghh;j;Jl;L kWgbAk; khiyapy gazk; nrQ;rp tPL jpUk;gZk;. mnjy;yhk; ,jpy ,y;y. ehd; tPl;bypUe;Jf;fpl;Nl> ,y;y vq;fhtJ Nghdh> mq;fpUe;Nj vd;Ndhl Ntiyar; nrQ;rp Kbf;fw trjp ,jdhy ,Uf;F.. nghUs itf;fwJf;F nfhlTd; kl;Le;jhd; ,Uf;F” “vg;gbq;f KbAJ” “f];lkNuhl njhlh;G. Mtzq;fs; nra;awJ. mtq;fSf;F mDg;gp xg;Gjy; thq;fwJ. ,jj;jhd; Mgp]; Nghl;lhYk; nra;ag; NghNwd;. mjdhy ,izak; %ykh ehd; vy;yhj; njhlh;GfisAk; nrQ;rpf;fNwd;. ngUk;ghyhd Nfhg;Gfis ehd; Nkfj;jpiyNa cUthf;fp Nrkpf;fwjhy ehd; vq;Nf NghdhYk;> mij ehd; it-ig ,Uf;fwjhy ghh;f;f KbAJ. ,J Nghjhjh?” vd;whh;. tPl;bypUe;Nj Ntiy nra;fpNwd; vd;W ahuhtJ nrhd;dhy;> mth; vg;gbr; nra;fpwhh; vd;gJ ,g;NghJ Ghpfpwjh? gpugykhd Ml;lf;fhuh;fisf; nfhz;l gpugykhd FOtpd; tpisahl;Lg; gapw;rpahsUf;F xU Nghl;bapy; FO fye;J nfhs;s miog;G te;jJ. ,uz;L epkplq;fspy; mth; mjw;F xg;Gf; nfhz;lhh;. Vw;ghL nra;gth; vg;gb ,j;jid Ntfkhf KbT vLf;f Kbe;jJ vd;W Nfl;lhh;. midtuJ tpisahl;L ml;ltiz> $Fs; fhyz;lhpy; ,Ug;gjhy;> Nghl;b elf;fg; NghFk; jpdq;fspy; midtUk; rpf;Fthh;fs; vd;gjhy; xg;Gf; nfhz;ljhfr; nrhd;dhh;. Mk; nghJthd $Fs; fhyz;lhpy; FO cWg;gpdh;fs; midtUk; jq;fSf;F VJk; gzp ,Ue;jhy; mjpy; Fwpg;gpl;L tpl;lhy; NghJkhdJ. mijf; FOtpd; ve;j cWg;gpdUk; vg;NghJ Ntz;LkhdhYk; fhzyhk;. ez;gh; fpilg;ghuh vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. ,d;Dk; tUk; fhyq;fspy; gy khw;wq;fis ,e;j Nkff; fzpg;G epr;rak; nfhz;L tUk;. mjdhy; mij ,g;NghNj Ghpe;J nfhs;tJ eyk;. Nkff; fzpg;gpd; rhjf ghjfq;fis MuhAk; NghJ> mjd; rpwg;gk;rq;fs; ntspg;gLk;. mJ vd;d vd;gJk; njs;sj; njspthfg; GhpAk;. Nkfj;jhy; fpilf;Fk;; ed;ikfs; vd;ndd;d?

gadh;fSf;F fzpdp itj;jpUf;Fk; nryT FiwAk;. kpfTk; rf;jp tha;e;j fzpdp gad;ghLfis nray;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;w mtrpakpy;iy. gadh; fzpdpf;F rpb btpb bua;t; $l Ntz;bajpy;iy. Vndd;why; gad;ghLfSk; juTfSk; Nfhg;GfSk; Mtzq;fSk; vdW midj;JNk Nkfj;jpNyNa ,Uf;fpd;wd. kpfg; nghpa gad;ghLfisg; gad;gLj;j rhjhuz fzpdp Nkfj;Jld; njhlh;G nfhs;Sk; jFjpAld; ,Ue;jhNy NghJkhdJ. kpfg; gy gad;ghLfisf; nfhz;l fzpdp nray;glj; Jtq;fNt Neuk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;. Mdhy; Nkff; fzpg;gpy; ,izf;fg;gl;l fzpdpfspd; nray;fs; kpfTk; Ntfkhfr; nray;gLk;. Njitahd nkd;nghUs;fis mit ,ju fzpdpfspd; cjtpAld; nra;JtpLtjhy;> nray;ghL rpwg;ghfpwJ. jfty; El;gj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd midj;J cs;fl;likg;GfisAk; mikf;Fk; nryT kpff; FiwthfptpLk;. kpfr; rf;jp tha;e;j gy Nritafq;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf Nkff; fzpg;gpy ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; fzpdpfspd; rf;jpiar; rhpahd Kiwapy; gad;gLj;Jk; top njhpe;jhy; NghJk;. kw;w Nritafr; nryTfisf; fzprkhff; Fiwj;Jtplyhk;. fzpdpfis thq;FtJlDk; gad;gLj;JtJlDkl gadh;fs; epd;Wtpl KbahJ. fzpdpfis mt;tg;NghJ gOJ tuhky; jLf;f rhpghh;f;Fk; nryTfisAk; vjph; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd fzpdpfisf; nfhz;l epWtdj;jpy; mj;jifa nryT mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gijr; nrhy;y Ntz;baNjapy;iy. mj;jifa nryTfs; Nkff; fzpg;gpy; FiwtNjhL> rhpghh;f;Fk; nryTfSk; FiwAk;. nkd;nghUs; nryTfSk; FiwT. ngUk;ghYk; ,g;NghJ Nkfr; Nrit jUgth;fs;> nkd;nghUisAk; je;J tpLtjhy;> mjw;fhd thq;Fk; nryTk; kpff; FiwT. nkd;nghUis vj;jid Ngh; gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;fNsh> mj;jid NgUf;Fk; iyrd;]; vd;w ngahpy; Fwpg;gpl;l njhif fl;l Ntz;Lk;. mj;jifa nryT FiwT. mtw;iw xt;nthU fzpdpapYk; epWtTk;> nray; rPuikg;GfSf;fhd nryTfSk; ,jpy; mwNt fpilahJ. gy Nkfr; Nritafq;fs; nkd;nghUisAk; ,ytrkhff; $lj; jUfpwhh;fs;. nkd;nghUspy; VjhtJ rpwg;gk;rk; $l;lg;gl;lhy;. mijg; gadh;fSf;F vspjpy; gfph;e;jspf;f KbAk;. xt;nthU fzpdpapYk; epWTk; gzpNa ,Uf;fhJ. mjpff; fzpdp rf;jp fpilf;Fk; tha;g;G. xU rpwpa Nkir fzpdpapd; rf;jpAld; kl;LNk Nghuhl Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. Nkirf; fzpdpapd; rf;jpia tplTk; gd;klq;F rf;jpia Nkff; fzpdpfs; %yk; Fiwe;j nrytpy; ngw;Wtplyhk;. Nrkpg;G rf;jp vy;iyapy;yhjJ. vt;tsT juTfisAk; Nfhg;GfisAk; Mtzq;fisAk; Nrkpj;J itf;fyhk;. fyd; mstpy;yhjJ. midj;J fzpdpfspd; fyidfis ed;whfg; gad;gLj;j Nkff; fzpg;gpy; El;gk; ,Uf;fpwJ. Nkfj;jpy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; juTfs; gj;jpukhf ,Uf;Fkh vd;w Iak; ek;kpy; gyUf;F vOk;. mit vq;fhtJ xU %iyapy; epr;rakhfg; gj;jpukhf ,Uf;Fk;. Nkirf; fzpdpapy; b];f; nraypoe;J NghFk; NghJ gy Neuq;fspy; juTfSk; mope;JNghFk; epiy Vw;gLk;. Mdhy; mj;jifa #oy; Nkff; fzpdpfspy; fpilahJ. juTfs; midj;Jk; xd;Wf;F ,uz;Lf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l fzpdpfspy; Nrkpf;fg;gLtjhy;> xU fzpdp gOJgl;lhYk;> jutpid Nkfk; kw;nwhU fzpdpaplkpUe;J ngw;Wj; je;JtpLk;. Nkfj;jpy; ,af;F jsk; vJthf Ntz;LkhdhYk; ,Uf;fyhk;. Nkf;> ypdf;];> tpd;Nlh]; vd;W vJthf ,Ue;jhYk;> Nkfj;jpw;F midj;JNk xd;W jhd;. ehk; ve;jf; fzpdpapypUe;Jk; Nkfj;ijj; njhlh;G nfhs;syhk;. ve;j ,af;Fjsf; fzpdpapypUe;Jk; juTfisg; ngwyhk;. ,izafk; %yk; cUthf;fg;gl;l Mtzq;fspy; ghh;Nkl;bq; njhy;iy fpilahJ. tpd;Nlh]; Nth;l; 2003,y; cUthf;fg;gl;l Mtzj;ij> mjpypUe;Nj ehk; rhpahfg; ghh;f;f KbAk;. mJ Nghd;w njhe;juTfsl Nkff; fzpg;gpy; ,Uf;fhJ.

FOr; nray;ghLfisr; Rykhfr; nra;ayhk;. FOtpd; xU cWg;gpdh; Mtzj;ij cUthf;fpdhNyh> khw;wpdhNyh> $l;bdhNyh> Fiwj;jhNyh mJ kw;w FOtpdUf;F clNd njhpAk;. kpd;dQ;ry; %yk; Mtzq;fis khw;wp khw;wp mDg;g Ntz;ba epiyia Nkff; fzpg;G mwNt khw;wptpl;lJ. FOr; nray;ghLfs; vspikahf;fg;gl;ljhy;> jpl;lq;fs; kpf NtfkhfTk; rhpahfTk; nray;gLk; epiy Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. Mtzq;fis cyfpd; ve;j %iyapypUe;Jk; mZFk; epiyAk; Nkff; fzpg;ghy; cUthfpAs;sJ. xNu fzpdpAld; xl;bf; nfhs;Sk; epiyia Nkfk; khw;wpAs;sJ. ehk; ve;jf; fzpdpia Ntz;LkhdhYk; gad;gLj;jyhk;. nrhe;jf; fzpdpapd;wp ,Ug;NghUk;> ,g;NghJ ,izaf ikaf; fzpdp %yk; Ntz;baijr; nra;J nfhs;syhk;. Mtzq;fisg; ghJfhj;J Ntz;ba NghJ ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;. Nkff; fzpg;gpd; ghjfkhd #oy;fs; vd;ndd;d? Nkff; fzpg;igg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lnkd;why;> ,izaj; njhlh;G ,Ue;Njahf Ntz;Lk;. mJ ey;y Kiwapy; nray;gl;lhnyhopa mjd; gaid KOikahfg; gad;gLj;j KbahJ. ,izaj; njhlh;G ,y;yhj ,lq;fspy; ekf;F Ntz;ba Nfhg;GfisAjl Mtzq;fisAk; ngWtJ ,ayhJ. mg;NghJ ehk; vg;NghJk; Nghy A. v];. gp my;yJ rpb Nghd;wtw;is gad;gLj;j Ntz;ba mtrpakhfpwJ. kpfTk; Fiwe;j Nkfk; nfhz;l njhlh;G trjpapy; Nkff; fzpg;G rpwg;ghd Kiwapy; nray;gl KbahJ. Vfg;gl;l fzpdpfis gy topfspy; NjLtjhy;> njhlh;G mjpNtfk; nfhz;ljhf ,Ug;gJ ey;yJ. xU Mtzj;jpd; gf;fq;fisg; Gul;LtJ $l kpf nky;y elf;Fk; Fiwe;j Ntfk; nfhz;l njhlh;G ,Ue;jhy;. rpy rkak; mjpNtfj; njhlh;G ,Ue;j NghJk;> gytpjkhd gad;ghLfisr; nray;gLj;JtkhYk;> Mtzq;fisg; gy;NtW ,lq;fspypUe;J ngw;Wj;jUtjhYk;> Nkff; fzpg;G rw;W nky;yr; nray;gLk; tha;g;GfSKz;L. Nkff; fzpg;G Gjpa Aj;jp vd;gjd; fhuzkhf> jw;NghJ jhd; gyUk; gad;ghLfis cUthf;fp tUfpd;wdh;. mjdhy; rpy tifahd gad;ghLfs; kl;LNk jw;rkak; cs;sd. mtw;wpYk; rpy mk;rq;fs; kl;LNk cs;sd. ,d;Dk; Nkff; fzpg;Gj; jpwd; tsu tsu> gytpjkhd Gjpa Kiwfs; tUk;tiu> ,Ug;gijf; nfhz;Nl nray;gl Ntz;Lk;. rpy rkak; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l juTfs; gpur;rpidfis Vw;gLj;jyhk;. ek; juTfis kw;wth;fs; gad;gLj;Jk; tha;g;Gf;F ,lKz;L. mjdhy; mZF Kiwiag; G+uzkhf mwpe;J nfhz;Nl Nkff; fzpg;gpy; ek; juTfisr; Nrkpg;gJ ey;yJ. Nkfk; juTfis njhiyg;gJ mhpJ vd;whYk; mg;gbAk; njhiye;J tpl;lhy; mk;Ngy;. gw;gy fzpdpfspy; juTfisAk; Nfhg;GfisAk; Mtzq;fisAk; Nrkpg;gjhy;> njhlh;gpy; VJk; gpur;rpid Vw;gl;lhy;> mijg; ngw;Wj; jUtjpYk; gpur;rpid Vw;gLk;. mjdhy; juTfis Nkfj;jpy; Nrkpg;gJ E}W rjtPjk; ghJfhg;ghdJ vd;W nrhy;yptpl KbahJ. Nkff; fzpg;Gj; jUk; rpy Nritfisg; gw;wp rpwpJ tphpthf mwpe;J nfhs;Nthkh?

,rp2 vd;fpw mNkrdpd; Nrit fl;likg;Gr; Nrit. mjpnyd;d ,Uf;fpwJ? mJ Kf;fpakhf %d;W tpjkhd kiwKfr; Nritafq;fisj; jUfpwJ. rpwpaJ 1.7[pgp epidtfk 160[pgp Nrkpg;Gf;fyd; 1 kiwKf 32-gpl; Nfhh; gpuh]rh; nghpaJ 7.5[pgp epidtfk 850[pgp Nrkpg;Gf;fyd; 2 kiwKf 64-gpl; Nfhh; gpuh]rh; Mjpfg; nghpaJ 15[pgp epidtfk 1.7bgp Nrkpg;Gf;fyd; 4 kiwKf 64-gpl; Nfhh; gpuh]rh; nkd;nghUs; jahhpg;Nghh;> mNkrhdpd; td;nghUisAk; rhjdq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L jq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd gzpfisr; nra;J nfhs;syhk;. mNkrhd; tiyr; Nritah; jw;NghJ jq;fsplk; 330000 Efh;Nthh; ,Ug;gjhfr; nrhy;fpwJ. me;j mstpw;F gad;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd ,e;jr; Nritf;F vd;gij ehk; Ghpe;J nfhs;syhk;. $Fs; Mg; vd;[pd; ,J cUthf;fpfSf;F jq;fs; nrhe;j tiyg; gad;ghLfisr; nra;J nfhs;s cjTfpwJ. ,J $Fspd; rf;jp tha;e;j gad;ghLfs; nray;glf; $ba mNjr; rhjdq;fisg; gad;gLj;j mDkjp mspf;fpwJ. ,J nkd;nghUis cUthf;fTk;> fz;fhzpf;fTk;> Ntz;ba msT nghpjhf;fpf; nfhs;sTk; vspjhdJ. ,J ,ytrkhd Nrit. ,jpy; xt;nthU gadUf;Fk; 500 vk;gp Nrkpg;G ntsp jug;gLfpwJ.

Njitahd msT ika fl;Lg;ghL rf;jpAk; mspf;fg;gLfpwJ. 50 ,yl;rk; gf;fq;fis xU khjj;jpy; Gul;Lkstpw;fhd ghz;ltpl;j;Jk; fpilf;Fk;. I.gp.vk; ,J eLj;ju kw;Wk; rpwpa epWtdq;fSf;F gad;glf;$ba Nkff; fzpg;Gr; Nritia gpS fpsTl; ,dprpNabt; %ykhfj; jUfpwJ. ePy Nkfk; epWtdq;fspd; fzpdpj; Njitfis cyfstpy; gfph;e;jspf;f cjTfpwJ. vf;];gpu]; ml;thd;Nl[; #l; vd;gJ juTfis gpd; gjpT nra;aTk;> kpd;dQ;ry; njhliuf; fhf;fTk;> juTfspd; ghJfhg;Gj; jd;ikiaf; fhf;fTk; cjTk;. Nkf td;nghUis eph;;tfpf;f ̀ ^g; vd;w gzp ml;ltiz (nthh;f; N\l;A+ypq;) gad;ghl;il epWtpAs;sJ. bNthyp juT ika eph;thf nkd;nghUSk; ,jpYz;L. fzpdp epWtdq;fspy; gzp GhpNthUf;F ,J vj;jidg; gad; juf; $baJ> mNjg; Nghd;W rhjhuz kf;fSf;Fk; gadspf;f ty;yJ. jhq;fs; vLj;j Gifg;glq;fisAk; tPbNah glq;fisAk; gy tiffspy; tiyNaw;wyhk;. ez;gh;fisg; ghh;f;fr; nrhy;yyhk;. gy Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G gphpe;j ez;gh;fisf; fz;L gpbf;fyhk; ,iza trjp ,Ue;jhy;. mjw;fhd nkd;nghUs;fs; jw;NghJ Nkfj;jpy; ,ytrkhfNt fpilf;fpd;wd.

ehk; vLj;jpUf;Fk; b[ply; glq;fis gpfhrh> gpypfh;> ntg;\hl;> mNlhg; Nghl;Nlh vf;];gpu];> Ng];Gf; Nghd;w tiyaf gad;ghLfis cgNahfg;gLj;jp Nrkpj;J itf;fyhk;. tiy kpd;dQ;ry; Nritfis [pnkapy;> ah`_ nkapy;> tpd;Nlh]; iyt; ̀ hl;nkapy; ,ytrkhfg; gad;gLj;jp gad; ngwyhk;. cldb J}Jr; Nritfis v.X.vy; ,d;];lz;l; nknrd;[h;> $Fs; lhf;> ah`_ nknrd;[h;

gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;syhk;. Ng];Gf;> ah`_ F&g;> $Fs; F&g; nfhz;L rKjha tiyiag; gpd;dyhk;. ];ifg;> vk;.v];.vd; nknrd;[h; %ykhf tPbNah fhd;gu]; nra;ayhk;. glq;fis gpf;];th; %yk; tpUg;gpa gb khw;wp mikf;fyhk;.

vtpahp %ykhf b[ply; glq;fs;> MbNah> tPbNah vbbq; nra;a ,ytrkhfNt gad;gLj;jyhk;.

,d;W ,j;jid trjpfSk; Nkff; fzpg;G Ma;Tfspd; fhuzkhfj; jhd; ekf;Ff; fpilj;jpUf;fpd;wd.

mij jpwk;glg; gad;gLj;jp fzpdp cyfpy; Nkd;NkYk; Kd;Ndw;wk; ,Uf;fj;jhd NghfpwJ. ehKk; mijg; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhz;Nl ,Ug;Nghk;.