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Byxrg `i I`ybkíâg i Agxekíâg ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF ‒ ; ́kog

Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok <>

@feiorâg ^gcåpfbk i Dyxå̀ fbk

,Bge~goiopi `i Agxekíâg Rgbfgbycpyxkc&

Eò`ycg H14 Ayobfgokeiopg `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk4K Iyxg~k Yof`k

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok <;

Mæoiri i iqgcyíâg `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk4

Irpk`gr%Eiehxgr4 rybirrfqgr kckxmkeiopgr

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok <8

Lfrpòxfk

Kopir `k ~xfeifxk eipk`i `g ræbycg \\# k f`ifk `i yek Iyxg~k yof`k bgeiígy ~gx rix irhkpf`k ~gx

qëxfgr afcòrgagr i qfrfgoëxfgr# bgeg agf g bkrg `i Qåpgx Lymg# {yi fekmfogy yor –Irpk`gr Yof`gr `k

Iyxg~k― ~kbåafbgr i for~fxk`gr oye f`ikc Lyekoårpfbg/ ^gxæe irrir rgolgr `i yek Iyxg~k egqf`k~ick yofâg `gr ~gqgr# ~kxibfk irpkx hie cgomi `k xikcf`k`i `iqf`g kgr bgoacfpgr i|frpiopir ok ;¤ eipk`i

`g ræbycg/ Ok `æbk`k `i 0># k Iyxg~k agf ~kcbg `i yek `kr ekfgxir myixxkr {yi g eyo`g dë

bgolibiy# k FF myixxk eyo`fkc# {yi ekxbgy ~xgayo`keiopi g ræbycg \\ ~ick krbiorâg i ekfr pkx`i#

~ick {yi`k `kr f`igcgmfkr pgpkcfpëxfkr/ Pg`kqfk# agf `kr bfotkr `k FF myixxk eyo`fkc {yi okrbiy yek

ogqk ir~ixkoík i ye ekfgx ie~iolkeiopg ie fofbfkx%ri yek ogqk ixk/ Ie ;60= dë ri pfolk aifpg

koyobfkx# ye ~ckog ,~ckog Ekxrlkcc&# {yi pfolk bgeg ghdipfqg# ickhgxkx ye ~xgmxkek `i xibgorpxyíâg

ibgoòefbk/ ^gxæe ie ;69> ,bfobg kogr `i~gfr `k rimyo`k myixxk eyo`fkc& gr kopfmgr k`qixrëxfgrkfo`k irpkqke cgomi `k xibgobfcfkíâg i kfo`k ~ckokqk og kx# k keikík `i ye bgoacfpg iopxi k tgok

Cirpi i Girpi `g bgopfoiopi/ ^kxk iqfpkx xi~ipfx gr ixxgr `g ~krrk`g i ~xgegqix k ~kt i g hie%irpkx `k

~g~yckíâg# Diko Egooip ,~xfobf~kc for~fxk`gx `k akegrk –@ibckxkíâg Rblyeko― `i 6 `i Ekfg `i

;69>& ~xg~ùi k Xghixp Rblyeko# efofrpxg axkobär `gr oimòbfgr irpxkomifxgr i kg blkobicix kcieâg

Jgoxk` K`iokyix k agxekíâg `i ye fopixirri bgeye iopxi gr riyr ~kårir# gy ridk# k bxfkíâg `i yek

iopf`k`i {yi mixfrri ie bgeye k ~xg`yíâg Axkobg%kcieâ `g kíg i `g bkxqâg# i krrfe# `irpk agxek#

iqfpkx kr xfqkcf`k`ir iopxi irpir `gfr ~kårir/

K f`ifk ayo`keiopkc# xickpfqkeiopi î ~xg~grpk# ixk {yi4

–K ~kt eyo`fkc oâg ~g`ixë rix rkcqkmykx`k`k rie yek bxfkpfqf`k`i î ei`f`k `gr ~ixfmgr {yi k

keikíke―/

K`iokyix qfy oirpk ~xg~grpk `i Rblyeko# yek g~gxpyof`k`i ~kxk k~ktfmykx k Iyxg~k ~icg {yi kbkhgy

~gx k~xgqk%ck/ ^grpixfgxeiopi agf k qit `i ekfr {ykpxg ~kårir `gr {ykfr Fpëcfk# Hæcmfbk# Lgcko`k i

Cy|iehyxmg xikmfxie akqgxkqiceiopi k ~xg~grpk `i Rblyeko kbkhko`g ~gx krrfokx ie Khxfc `i ;69;

ye kbgx`g bgorpfpypfqg `k bgeyof`k`i iyxg~ifk `g bkxqâg i `g kíg ,BIBK& bge g pxkpk`g `i ^kxfr/Gr ~kårir ayo`k`gxir ~xipio`fke kfo`k yek mirpâg fopixcfmk`k `kr ibgogefkr `gr qëxfgr ~kårir

`irpxyå`gr ~ick akegrk i dë xiaixf`k FF Myixxk Eyo`fkc/ Irpk f`ifk ~xg~gxbfgogy krrfe# yofx

~gcfpfbkeiopi i ibgogefbkeiopi gr ~kårir iyxg~iyr/ Irpi agf g fofbfg `i ekfr `i eifg ræbycg `i

bgg~ixkíâg ~kbfafbk iopxi gr irpk`gr%eiehxgr# go`i krrfe ryxmfy yek ogqk Iyxg~k gbf`iopkc# hkrik`k

ogr fopixirrir bgeyor `gr riyr ~gqgr i okíùir i krriopi ie pxkpk`gr {yi mkxkopfrrie k ~xfektfk `k cif

i k fmykc`k`i `kr okíùir/ Irpkqk krrfe agxek`k k yofâg iyxg~ifk/

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok <2

^kårir Ayo`k`gxir ,Kciekolk# Axkoík# Hæcmfbk# Lgcko`k i Cy|iehyxmg&

Kckxmkeiopgr

G kckxmkeiopg pie bgorpfpyå`g k yofâg iyxg~ifk ~kt# irpkhfcf`k`i# ~xgr~ixf`k`i i `iegbxkbfk og

bgopfoiopi iyxg~iy/ @ir`i k gxfmie `k yofâg iyxg~ifk# og foåbfg `gr kogr 9># rybirrfqgr kckxmkeiopgraftixke%ri riopfx kpi kgr `fkr `i lgdi# `i go`i aktie ~kxpi# 8= ~kårir/

  ;´ Kckxmkeiopg4 Iyxg~k `gr 6 ,;6=8&

Afm/ 8 % ;´ Kckxmkeiopg ,XifogYof`g# Fxcko`k i @fokekxbk

  8´ Kckxmkeiopg4 Iyxg~k `gr ;> ,;6<;&

Afm/ 2 % 8´ Kckxmkeiopg ,Mxæbfk&

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok <0

  2´ Kckxmkeiopg4 Iyxg~k `gr ;8 ,;6<1&

  9´ Kckxmkeiopg4 Iyxg~k `gr 89 ,8>>0&

Afm/ 0 % 2´ Kckxmkeiopg ,^gxpymkc iIr~kolk&

Afm/ 9 % 0´ Kckxmkeiopg ,Ryæbfk#Afocèo`fk i Ëyrpxfk&

Afm/ 1 % 9´ Kckxmkeiopg ,Irpòofk#Cipòofk# Cfpyèofk# ^gcòofk#Xi~ôhcfbk Blibk# Ircgqë{yfk#Lyomxfk i Ircgqæofk&

Afm/ = % 1´ Kckxmkeiopg ,Xgeæofk iHycmëxfk&

  0´ Kckxmkeiopg4 Iyxg~k `gr ;9 ,;669&

  1´ Kckxmkeiopg4 Iyxg~k `gr 8= ,8>>=&

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok <9

K blimk`k `k Hycmëxfk i `k Xgeæofk î yofâg iyxg~ifk agf kpi kgr `fkr `i lgdi# g ekfr xibiopi

kckxmkeiopg `k yofâg# pio`g k`ixf`g k irpi ~kbpg ie 8>>=/

K rimyfopi pkhick k~xiriopk gr kpykfr irpk`gr eiehxgr i kr xir~ipfqkr `kpkr `i k`irâg4  

@kpk `i K`irâg  ^kårir 

^kårir Ayo`k`gxirKciekolk# Hæcmfbk# Axkoík# Fpëcfk# Cy|iehyxmg#

^kårir Hkf|gr

;6=2 @fokekxbk# Fxcko`k# Xifog Yof`g

;6<; Mxæbfk

;6<1 Ir~kolk# ^gxpymkc

;669 Ëyrpxfk# Afocèo`fk# Ryæbfk

8>>0

Blf~xi# Ircgqë{yfk# Ircgqæofk# Irpòofk#

Lyomxfk# Cipòofk# Cfpyèofk# Ekcpk# ^gcòofk#

Xi~ôhcfbk Blibk

8>>= Hycmëxfk i Xgeæofk

Afm/ < Ek~k `k yofâg Iyxg~ifk/

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok <1

Bko`f`kpgr ^gpiobfkfr î iopxk`k ok Yofâg Iyxg~ifk4

% Kchèofk:

% Hòrofk i Lixtimgqfok ,kopfmk xi~ôhcfbk `k Dymgrcëqfk&: 

% Jgrgqg# rgh k æmf`i `kr Okíùir Yof`kr# `i kbgx`g bge k xirgcyíâg ;800 `g Bgoriclg `i Rimyxkoík,kopfmk xi~ôhcfbk `k Dymgrcëqfk& ‒ G Jgrgqg oâg æ xibgolibf`g# bgeg Irpk`g fo`i~io`iopi# ~ickRæxqfk ,gypxg bko`f`kpg ~gpiobfkc î Y/I/&: 

% Egopioimxg ,kopfmk xi~ôhcfbk `k Ai`ixkíâg `k Dymgrcëqfk&: 

% Ræxqfk ,kopfmk xi~ôhcfbk `k Ai`ixkíâg `k Dymgrcëqfk&/

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok <=

AKRIR @G KCKXMKEIOPG @K YOFÂG IYXG^IFK

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok <<

^xfobf~kfr Pxkpk`gr4

^xfobf~kfr Pxkpk`gr `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk4

,Xgek: Ekkrpxfblp: Keirpix`âg i Ofbi&

PXKPK@G

,BIBK&

PXKPK@G

,BII&

PXKPK@G

,IYXGKPGE&

PXKPK@G

Kpg Ôofbg

Iyxg~iy

Krrfok`g4 ^kxfr Xgek k 89 `i Ekxíg

`i ;69=

Xgek k 89 `i Ekxíg

`i ;69=

8< @i Aiqixifxg `i

;6<1

Iopxk`g ieqfmgx4

82 @i Dyclg `i;698

; @i Dkoifxg `i ;69< ; @i Dkoifxg `i ;69< ; @i Dyclg `i ;6<=

Ghdibpfqgr4 % Bxfkx ye eixbk`gbgeye `g bkxqâg i`g kíg/

% Bxfkx ye eixbk`gbgeye hkrik`g okr{ykpxg cfhix`k`ir `ibfxbyckíâg4eixbk`gxfkr: ~irrgkr:

bk~fpkfr i rixqfígr:

% K~xg|fekxmxk`ykceiopi kr~gcfpfbkr ibgoòefbkr iokbfgokfr/

% Bggx`iokx gr~xgmxkekr `ifoqirpfmkíâg~xiqfrpgr gy dëkcbkoík`gr ~icgr

irpk`gr ‒ eiehxgrbge qfrpk kypfcftkíâg ~kbåafbk `kioixmfk oybcikx/

% ^ixefpfx k xikcftkíâgkpi 2; `i @itiehxg`i ;668 `g eixbk`gfopixog iyxg~iy# gyridk# `i ye ir~kíg `i

cfqxi bfxbyckíâg `i~irrgkr# rixqfígr#bk~fpkfr ieixbk`gxfkr:

% Bxfkíâg `i yek ogqkbge~ipäobfkbgeyofpëxfk ok ëxik `ibgirâg ibgoòefbk irgbfkc# krrfe bgeg

ogqgr eifgr `i kíâgok ~gcfpfbk rgbfkc# `ifoqirpfmkíâg i `i`irioqgcqfeiopg

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok <6

 Kr forpfpyfíùir iyxg~ifkr

Kpykceiopi# aktie ~kxpi `k yofâg iyxg~ifk# ye bgodyopg `i `fqixrkr forpfpyfíùir {yi qfrke eiclgxkx

kr pxgbkr bgeixbfkfr i bgkmfx gr mgqixogr `gr irpk`gr%eiehxgr og riopf`g `k bgobxipftkíâg `ixiagxekr rgbfkfr i `k `iairk `gr `fxifpgr lyekogr hie bgeg `k ~xirixqkíâg kehfiopkc/

PXKPK@G

Yofâg Iyxg~ifk

PXKPK@G

Keirpix`âg

PXKPK@G

Ofbi

PXKPK@G

Cfrhgk

Krrfok`g4 Ekkrpxfblp k = `iAiqixifxg `i ;668

8 @i Gypyhxg `i;66=

81 @i Aiqixifxg `i8>>;

;2 @i @itiehxg`i 8>>=

Iopxk`g ieqfmgx4

; @i Ogqiehxg `i;662

; @i Ekfg `i ;666 ; @i Aiqixifxg `i8>>2

WWWWWWWW

Ghdipfqgr4 % Forpfpyfíâg `i yekbf`k`kofk `k yofâg:

% Xikcftkíâg `i yek

yofâg egoipëxfk,iyxg&

% Bxfkíâg `i yek~gcåpfbk bgeyofpëxfk`g ie~ximg:

% Bgorgcf`kíâg `k~gcfpfbk kehfiopkc:

% Eiclgxfk `grforpxyeiopgr`fr~goåqifr îr~gcåpfbkr `k rkô`i~ôhcfbk i `i ~xgpiíâg`gr bgoryef`gxir:

% Xiagxek `k ^KB/

% K`k~pkx gayobfgokeiopg `kyofâg iyxg~ifk ok~ixr~ipfqk `g

kckxmkeiopg {yi fxfkpix cymkx k ; `i Ekfg`i 8>>0 k ;> ~kårir/

% Kyeiopkx k`iegbxkbfk okIY:

% Kyeiopkx kiafbëbfk `kkpykíâg `k IY ik ryk bk~kbf`k`i~kxk ioaxiopkx grkpykfr `irkafgrmcghkfr# pkc bgegkcpixkíùirbcfeëpfbkr# krimyxkoík i g

`irioqgcqfeiopgryrpiopëqic/

^xfobf~kfr Forpfpyfíùir Bgeyofpëxfkr4Òxmâgr i bge~ipäobfkr

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok 6>

@i pg`kr kr forpfpyfíùir `k YI# kr ~xfobf~kfr fopfpycke%ri ~gx4

  ^kxckeiopg Iyxg~iy4 Bgorf`ixk`k k ôofbk forpfpyfíâg {yi xirycpk `i icifíùir `fxipkr#

~ixefpi k pg`gr gr bf`k`âgr iyxg~iyr xibiorik`gr icimix gr riyr xi~xiriopkopir ogr xir~ipfqgr ~kårir

`i gxfmie ~gx ryaxëmfg yofqixrkc `fxipg/ Irpi gxmkofreg xi~xiriopk ~gxpkopg k qgopk`i `iegbxëpfbk i

gr fopixirrir `i pg`gr gr bf`k`âgr iyxg~iyr:

Bge~grfíâg `g ^kxckeiopg Iyxg~iy 

G ^kxckeiopg Iyxg~iy æ bge~grpg ~gx =28 `i~ypk`gr icifpgr ~gx ryaxëmfg yofqixrkc/ K~irkx `i bk`k

~kår bgopxfhyfx bge ye `ipixefok`g oôeixg `i `i~ypk`gr# irpir oâg ri kmxy~ke ~gx okbfgokcf`k`i

ekr rfe ~gx kafof`k`i ~gcåpfbk/ Kpykceiopi i|frpie = mxy~gr ~gcåpfbgr gxmkoftk`gr# ogeik`keiopi4

Kcæe `gr mxy~gr ~gcåpfbgr gxmkoftk`gr i|frpi kfo`k ye gypxg mxy~g bge~grpg ~gx `i~ypk`gr oâg

forbxfpgr/Kpykceiopi# i k~òr k iopxk`k `gr ;> ogqgr Irpk`gr Eiehxgr `k Iyxg~k Biopxkc i `i Cirpi# k

`frpxfhyfíâg `gr `i~ypk`gr ~gx ~kårir æ k rimyfopi4

Ayoíùir i ^g`ixir `g ^kxckeiopg Iyxg~iy 

Rio`g k ôofbk forpfpyfíâg `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk icifpk ~kxk irri iaifpg# g ^kxckeiopg Iyxg~iy æ g òxmâg

ekfr xi~xiriopkpfqg `k g~fofâg ~ôhcfbk/ Æ rfeycpkoikeiopi ye òxmâg ry~xkokbfgokc rio`g# ~gx frrg#

ekfr `iaiorgx `gr fopixirrir `i bk`k ~kår fo`fqf`ykceiopi/ ^gx irpir egpfqgr# g ^kxckeiopg Iyxg~iy

pie qfrpg gr riyr ~g`ixir rix xiagxík`gr mxk`ykceiopi/ Kpykceiopi# gr ~g`ixir `g ^kxckeiopg ~g`ie

rix kmxy~k`gr `k rimyfopi agxek4

Bgopxgcg `iegbxëpfbg 

% Rghxi k Bgefrrâg4 g ^kxckeiopg pie ~g`ixir oâg k~iokr ~kxk ~i`fx bgopkr î bgefrrâg bgeg pkehæe

`irpfpyfx/

% @ir`i ;669# g ^kxckeiopg pie ~g`ixir pkehæe `i k~xgqkíâg `k bge~grfíâg `k Bgefrrâg# rie {ykc

irpk oâg ~g`i fofbfkx ayoíùir/ ^gx afe# ye gypxg ~g`ix `i bgopxgcg `g ^kxckeiopg rghxi k Bgefrrâg æ

g akbpg `i pix k ôcpfek ~kckqxk rghxi k~xgqkíâg `g Gxíkeiopg `k Bgeyof`k`i# bge~ipfo`g%cli

k~xgqkx g gxíkeiopg i ~xg~gx eg`fafbkíùir/

% Rghxi g Bgoriclg4 Pkc bgeg ie xickíâg î Bgefrrâg# g ^kxckeiopg pie ~g`ixir ~kxk bgcgbkx {yirpùir

kg Bgoriclg/ Kcæe `irpi ~g`ix# g ^xirf`iopi `g Bgoriclg pie `i ~xirpkx bgopkr kg ^kxckeiopg og

afokc `g riy eko`kpg/

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok 6;

^kxpfbf~kíâg og ^xgbirrg Cimfrckpfqg 

% ^g`ix `i bgorycpk4 K~irkx `g riy ~kxibix oâg rix qfobyckpfqg# g ^kxckeiopg Iyxg~iy æ bgorycpk`g

~icg Bgoriclg rghxi ~xg~grpkr k~xiriopk`kr ~ick Bgefrrâg/

% ^g`ix `i bg`ibfrâg4 Bge g Pxkpk`g `i Ekkrpxfblp# g ^kxckeiopg ~krrk k pix ~g`ixir cimfrckpfqgr

kpxkqær `k bg`ibfrâg bge g Bgoriclg/ Irpir ~g`ixir `i bg`ibfrâg kckxmke%ri k qëxfgr `geåofgr#

iopxi gr {ykfr k gxmkoftkíâg `g eixbk`g fopixog# k cfqxi bfxbyckíâg `i pxkhkclk`gxir# foqirpfmkíâg#

kehfiopi# i`ybkíâg# `iairk `g bgoryef`gx# xi`ir pxkoriyxg~ifkr# rkô`i i bycpyxk/

% ^g`ix `i `kx ~kxibixir akqgxëqifr4 kpykceiopi g ~kxibix `g ^kxckeiopg æ oibirrëxfg ~kxk k k`irâg

`i ogqgr Irpk`gr î Yofâg# ~kxk k bf`k`kofk# ~kxk gr ayo`gr irpxypyxkfr# ~kxk g ~xgbi`feiopg

icifpgxkc i ~kxk kbgx`gr fopixokbfgokfr/

 Bgoriclg Iyxg~iy4 G Bgoriclg Iyxg~iy æ g òxmâg ry~ixfgx `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk i æ bge~grpg

~icgr Bliair `i Irpk`g i `i Mgqixog `i bk`k ye `gr Irpk`gr Eiehxgr i ~icg ^xirf`iopi `k

Bgefrrâg/ K~irkx `i pix rf`g bgorkmxk`g gafbfkceiopi k~iokr bge g Pxkpk`g `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk# k

~xëpfbk `i xiyofx ximyckxeiopi gr Bliair `i Irpk`g i `i Mgqixog i g ^xirf`iopi `k Bgefrrâg dë ri

qixfafbkqk `ir`i ;6=0/

Ayobfgokeiopg i ^g`ixir `g Bgoriclg Iyxg~iy 

G Bgoriclg Iyxg~iy xiôoi ~icg eiogr `ykr qitir ~gx kog i pie# irriobfkceiopi# ye ~k~ic `fxipgx og

{yk`xg `k Yofâg/ Rimyo`g g Pxkpk`g `i Ekkrpxfblp# –g Bgoriclg Iyxg~iy `kxë î Yofâg gr fe~ycrgr

oibirrëxfgr kg riy `irioqgcqfeiopg i `iafofxë kr xir~ipfqkr gxfiopkíùir ~gcåpfbkr mixkfr―/ Ie ryek# g

Bgoriclg Iyxg~iy oâg ri pxkpk `i ye òxmâg `i `ibfrâg og riopf`g agxekc# ekr kr rykr bgobcyrùir

pgek`kr mixkceiopi ~gx bgoriorg# oâg k~iokr bgorpfpyie ye {yk`xg `i fe~ycrg ~kxk g Bgoriclg `i

Efofrpxgr i ~kxk k Bgefrrâg# bgeg pkehæe ri fe~ùie eyfpkr qitir îr xirpkopir forpfpyfíùir/ Eyfpkr

qitir# g Bgoriclg Iyxg~iy æ blkek`g ~kxk xirgcqix `ipixefok`kr {yirpùir rghxi kr {ykfr oâg agf

~grråqic g kbgx`g `gr Efofrpxgr/

 K ^xirf`äobfk `g Bgoriclg4 æ ghdipg `i xgpkíâg `i rifr ie rifr eirir/ ^gx gypxkr ~kckqxkr#

bk`k ~kår `k YI `fxfmi k kmio`k `g Bgoriclg ~gx ~ixåg`gr rybirrfqgr `i rifr eirir# krrimyxko`g k

~xirf`äobfk `i pg`kr kr xiyofùir i ~xgegqio`g gr bge~xgefrrgr oibirrëxfgr iopxi gr `fqixrgr

Irpk`gr%Eiehxgr:

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok 68

 Pxfhyokc `i Bgopkr Iyxg~iy4 

Qixfafbk ri gr ayo`gr `k YI# ~xgqiofiopir `gr bgopxfhyfopir# râg bghxk`gr `i agxek k`i{yk`k i

ypfcftk`gr `i kbgx`g bge k cif# `i agxek ibgoòefbk i ~kxk g afe k {yi ri `irpfoke/ K ryk efrrâgbgorfrpi ie krrimyxkx {yi gr bgopxfhyfopir xipfxie g ekfgx hioiaåbfg ~grråqic `g riy `folifxg i pie

g `fxifpg `i xikcftkx ky`fpgxfkr dyopg `i {ykc{yix ~irrgk gy gxmkoftkíâg {yi ri gby~i `k mirpâg `gr

ayo`gr `k IY:

G Pxfhyokc `i Bgopkr pkehæe æ bge~grpg ~gx ;9 dyåtir ogeik`gr ~gx 1 kogr ~icg Bgoriclg/

K ayoíâg `g Pxfhyokc `i Bgopkr æ g bgopxgcg `k i|ibyíâg `g Gxíkeiopg `k Yofâg kpxkqær `g i|kei `i

pg`kr kr xibifpkr i `ir~irkr `k Yofâg i foqirpfmkx# ri oibirrëxfg# kr g~ixkíùir afokobifxkr iaipyk`kr ogrIrpk`gr Eiehxgr ~gx bgopk `k Yofâg/ Kcæe `k ayoíâg `i bgopxgcg gxíkeiopkc# g Pxfhyokc `i Bgopkr

pkehæe pie k ayoíâg `i krrfrpäobfk kg ^kxckeiopg i kg Bgoriclg og i|ixbåbfg `k ryk ayoíâg `i

bgopxgcg `k i|ibyíâg `g Gxíkeiopg/

 Pxfhyokc `i Dyrpfík4 

Qfrk krrimyxkx g bye~xfeiopg i k fopix~xipkíâg `g `fxifpg bgeyofpëxfg/ Pie pkehæe bgeg

bge~ipäobfk xir~go`ix k {yirpùir `i fopix~xipkíâg `g `fxifpg Bgeyofpëxfg bgcgbk`kr ~gx yepxfhyokc okbfgokc# og èehfpg `i ye ~xgbirrg ~io`iopi oirrk forpèobfk:

G Pxfhyokc `i Dyrpfík æ bge~grpg ~gx ;9 dyåtir# krrfrpf`gr ~gx 6 k`qgmk`gr mixkfr/ Râg ogeik`gr `i

bgeye kbgx`g ~icgr Irpk`gr Eiehxgr ~gx ye ~ixåg`g `i 1 kogr i `irfmoke iopxi rf g ~xirf`iopi `g

Pxfhyokc {yi ~xirf`i îr ky`fäobfkr/

G Pxfhkc `i Dyrpfík æ g òxmâg dyxfr`fbfgokc `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk k {yie bge~ipi krrimyxkx k k~cfbkíâg

yofagxei `g `fxifpg bgeyofpëxfg/ Æ k irpi òxmâg {yi bkhi mkxkopfx g xir~ifpg `g `fxifpg ok fopix~xipkíâg

i k~cfbkíâg `gr Pxkpk`gr/

 Bgefrrâg Iyxg~ifk4 

@iaio`i g fopixirri mixkc `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk# rio`g g mykx`fâg `i pg`gr gr pxkpk`gr kpæ kmgxk

xikcftk`gr/ Mgtk kfo`k `i yek pgpkc fo`i~io`äobfk og {yi ri xiaixi kgr mgqixogr okbfgokfr:

K bgefrrâg æ g òxmâg i|ibypfqg `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk# bge~ipfo`g%cli pkehæe g ~k~ic `i mykx`fâ `gr

Pxkpk`gr i g ~g`ix `i fofbfkpfqk `kr ~gcåpfbkr bgeyofpëxfkr/

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok 62

Bge~grfíâg i @irfmokíâg `k Bgefrrâg Iyxg~ifk

Kpykceiopi# i k~òr k k`irâg `gr `it ogqgr Irpk`gr Eiehxgr `k Iyxg~k Biopxkc i `i Cirpi# k

Bgefrrâg æ bge~grpk ~gx ye bgcæmfg `i 89 Bgefrrëxfgr# ye `i bk`k Irpk`g Eiehxg/

Kr bge~ipäobfkr `k Bgefrrâg râg xi~kxpf`kr ~icg riy ~xirf`iopi ,{yi k~xiriopk g riy ~xgmxkek koykc

~ixkopi g ^kxckeiopg Iyxg~iy# ryheipi î k~xgqkíâg `g ^kxckeiopg Iyxg~iy k bge~grfíâg `g bgcæmfg

`i bgefrrëxfgr# xi~xiriopk k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk og i|pixfgx i ~kxpfbf~k og Bgoriclg Iyxg~iy& i ~icgr

xirpkopir bgefrrëxfgr {yi `fqf`ie iopxi rf kr `faixiopir ~krpkr/

Gr riyr eiehxgr râg ogeik`gr ~gx 9 kogr ~gx bgeye kbgx`g `gr Irpk`gr Eiehxgr rio`g

~grpixfgxeiopi rydifpgr î k~xgqkíâg ~icg ^kxckeiopg Iyxg~iy/

Oyek ~xfeifxk akri æ `irfmok`g ~icgr Irpk`gr Eiehxgr g ~xirf`iopi `k Bgefrrâg g {ykc æ

~grpixfgxeiopi fo`fmfpk`g ~icg ^kxckeiopg Iyxg~iy/

Oyek rimyo`k akri# i ~gx bgeye kbgx`g iopxi gr Irpk`gr Eiehxgr i ~xirf`iopi fo`fmfpk`g# râg

ogeik`gr gr xirpkopir bgefrrëxfgr# gr {ykfr pixâg {yi rix pkehæe rydifpgr î k~xgqkíâg ~icg

^kxckeiopg Iyxg~iy/

Kpxfhyfíùir i Bge~ipäobfkr `k Bgefrrâg Iyxg~ifk 

Bgeg dë xiaixf`g# k Bgefrrâg pie bge~ipäobfkr kg oåqic i|ibypfqg# pgek`k `i fofbfkpfqk i `i mykx`fâ

`gr pxkpk`gr/

k/  ^g`ix `i Fofbfkpfqk

Rio`g k Bgefrrâg g mkxkopi `g fopixirri bgeye `k Yofâg# irpk pie g egog~òcfg `k fofbfkpfqk

cimfrckpfqk# pxkorefpfo`g kr rykr ~xg~grpkr `i ximyckeiopkíâg kg Bgoriclg `i Efofrpxgr i kg

^kxckeiopg/

Bge~ipi%cli pkehæe k ickhgxkíâg `g Gxíkeiopg `k Yofâg ,k rix k~xgqk`g ~icg Bgoriclg `i

Efofrpxgr& i k k~xiriopkíâg `g xickpòxfg koykc `k rfpykíâg ibgoòefbk# rgbfkc i dyxå`fbk `k Yofâg kg

^kxckeiopg Iyxg~iy/

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok 60

h/  ^g`ix `i i|ibyíâg

K bgefrrâg æ pkehæe g òxmâg i|ibypfqg `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk bkhio`g%cli k `ibfrùir `g Bgoriclg

Iyxg~iy i k i|ibyíâg `g gxíkeiopg bgeyofpëxfg/ Kr ayoíùir i|ibypfqkr fobcyie kfo`k k mirpâg `k

~gcåpfbk kmxåbgck# ~gcåpfbk bgeixbfkc i eixbk`g fopixog i agxpir ~g`ixir ok ~gcåpfbk `i bgobgxxäobfk/

Bkhi pkehæe î Bgefrrâg k xi~xiriopkíâg `k Yofâg dyopg `i gxmkoftkíùir fopixokbfgokfr/  

b/  ^g`ix `i bgopxgcg

Bkhio`g%cli g ~k~ic `i mykx`fâ `gr Pxkpk`gr# k Bgefrrâg pie pkehæe agxpir ~g`ixir `i bgopxgcg

bge~ipfo`g%cli qickx ~ick bgxxipk k~cfbkíâg `kr ogxekr `k Yofâg/ Rghxi kr ie~xirkr k Bgefrrâg

`fr~ùi `i ~g`ixir `i rkoíâg og `geåofg `k cfqxi bgobgxxäobfk/ Rghxi Irpk`gr i gypxkr forpfpyfíùir k

Bgefrrâg ~g`i ~xgbirrkx ~gx oâg bye~xfeiopg# gefrrâg gy qfgckíâg `g Pxkpk`g/

 Bgoriclg `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk4

[yi xi~xiriopk gr mgqixogr `gr irpk`gr%eiehxgr/

G Bgoriclg `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk æ ye òxmâg bge~grpg ~gx ye xi~xiriopkopi `i bk`k Irpk`g Eiehxg/

Mixkceiopi# irri xi~xiriopkopi æ g Efofrpxg `gr Oimòbfgr Irpxkomifxgr/ Bgopy`g# {yko`g gr krryopgr k

pxkpkx râg `i bkxëbpix ir~ibfkcftk`g'pæbofbg ,ibgogefk# kmxfbycpyxk# pxkor~gxpir# kehfiopi# fo`ôrpxfk///&#

râg bgoqgbk`gr gr Efofrpxgr bge~ipiopir `i bk`k ~kår/

Ayobfgokeiopg i ^g`ixir `g Bgoriclg `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk 

G Bgoriclg `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk æ g òxmâg {yi k~xgqk gr kpgr dyxå`fbgr agxekfr i bicihxk gr kbgx`gr

fopixokbfgokfr oimgbfk`gr ~ick Bgefrrâg/ Kcmyor `irpir kpgr dyxå`fbgr râg# bgoagxei dë xiaixf`gr#

i|ibypk`gr ie bg`ibfrâg bge g ^kxckeiopg Iyxg~iy/

Æ `i `irpkbkx g akbpg `i g Bgoriclg `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk k~iokr ~g`ix `ibf`fx bge hkri oyek ~xg~grpk

agxekc `k Bgefrrâg gy bge hkri okr kcpixkíùir i ieio`kr rymixf`kr ~icg ^kxckeiopg Iyxg~iy/

Ok ekfgxfk `gr bkrgr# kr `ibfrùir râg pgek`kr ~gx ekfgxfk {ykcfafbk`k4 bk`k Irpk`g Eiehxg pie

`fxifpg k ye `ipixefok`g oôeixg `i qgpgr ,{yi qkxfk bge k ryk `feiorâg&: k ekfgxfk {ykcfafbk`k æ

kpfomf`k {yko`g g oôeixg `i qgpgr kpfomi gr 828 qgpgr/ G rfrpiek `i `ibfrâg ~gx ekfgxfk {ykcfafbk`k æ

ye icieiopg irriobfkc og ~xgbirrg bgeyofpëxfg `i `ibfrâg ~gfr ~ixefpi {yi ri blimyi k `ibfrùir

eireg {yi ye oôeixg cfefpk`g `i Irpk`gr ri ekofairpi bgopxk/ Qixfafbk%ri krrfe yek pxkoraixäobfk

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok 69

`i rghixkofk `gr Irpk`gr Eiehxgr ~kxk kr forpfpyfíùir bgeyofpëxfkr ~gfr pg`gr icir päe `i kbifpkx kr

`ibfrùir pgek`kr ~ick ekfgxfk/

K~irkx `g qgpg ~gx ekfgxfk {ykcfafbk`k rix bk`k qit ekfr ypfcftk`g# bgopfoyke k i|frpfx `geåofgr ie

{yi æ i|fmf`g g bgoriorg kpxkqær `g qgpg ~gx yokofef`k`i/ Ok ~xëpfbk# oirpir bkrgr oâg i|frpie

{ykc{yix ~ix`k `i rghixkofk ~gfr ye rò Irpk`g pie ~g`ix ~kxk hcg{yikx yek `ipixefok`k `ibfrâg/ Gr

`geåofgr ie {yi æ oibirrëxfg g qgpg ~gx yokofef`k`i râg k k`irâg `i ogqgr Irpk`gr Eiehxgr# k

xiqfrâg `gr Pxkpk`gr# k lkxegoftkíâg af|k# g ckoíkeiopg `i ogqkr ~gcåpfbkr# ipb/

G pxkpk`g `i Ekkrpxfblp# pie bgolibf`g rybirrfqkr ey`koíkr `iqf`g kgr bgopåoygr kckxmkeiopgr {yi

pie ~grpg ie bkyrk# g rfrpiek `i mgqixokíâg# {yi qie `ir`i k ayo`kíâg `irpk gxmkoftkíâg ie ;69=/

Bgeg aktie ~kxpi bixbk `i 8= ~kårir# k –`iryofâg― ie bixpkr ëxikr æ bgeye/ Kehgr xibgolibie {yi

ri `iqfke xiagxekx forpfpyfíùir ~gcåpfbkr gy xi`frpxfhyfx ~g`ixir ekr k blimk`k k ye bgoriorg ie

bgeye oâg agf kfo`k kcbkoík`g/ K xiagxek `g rfrpiek `ibfrfqg `k yofâg iyxg~ifk og ~kogxkek `g

kckxmkeiopg blimgy k ye kbgx`g bge k iopxk`k `i ye ogqg pxkpk`g kg {ykc g bgobiclg iyxg~iy

blimgy k ye kbgx`g ie Ofbi/

K bkxpk `gr `fxifpgr ayo`keiopkfr `k yofâg iyxg~ifk agf ekdirpgrkeiopi cgyqk`k ~icgr ~xirf`iopir `g

~kxckeiopg iyxg~iy# `g bgoriclg iyxg~iy i `k bgefrrâg iyxg~ifk/ Kcæe `kr Forpfpyfíùir xiaixf`kr# k

Yofâg bgopk kfo`k bge `fqixrgr òxmâgr ogeik`keiopi4

 Bgefpæ Ibgoòefbg i Rgbfkc 

  Bgefpæ `kr Ximfùir 

  Hkobg Iyxg~iy `i Foqirpfeiopg

  Hkobg Biopxkc Iyxg~iy 

k/  Bgefpæ Ibgoòefbg i Rgbfkc 

G Bgefpæ Ibgoòefbg i Rgbfkc æ bge~grpg ~gx icieiopgr ~ixpiobiopir îr ekfr rfmofafbkpfqkr `gr eifgr

~xgafrrfgokfr i `k qf`k ibgoòefbk i rgbfkc `gr `fqixrgr Irpk`gr Eiehxgr# iopxi gr {ykfr

xi~xiriopkopir `gr ie~xirëxfgr `gr ekfr qkxfk`gr ribpgxir# `kr gxmkoftkíùir rfo`fbkfr# `kr krrgbfkíùir

`i bgoryef`gxir# `kr ~xgafrrùir cfhixkfr# iopxi gypxgr/ 

Kr rykr ayoíùir râg bgorycpfqkr# rio`g bgorycpk`g {yix ~icg Bgoriclg {yix ~ick Bgefrrâg kopir `k

k~xgqkíâg `i bixpgr kpgr bgeyofpëxfgr/ K~irkx `gr riyr ~kxibixir oâg rixie qfobyckpfqgr# kr {yirpùir

xickbfgok`kr bge k xikcftkíâg `g eixbk`g ôofbg i bge k lkxegoftkíâg `kr cimfrckíùir râg `i bgorycpk

ghxfmkpòxfk/

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok 61

h/ Bgefpæ `kr Ximfùir 

Pkc bgeg og bkrg `g Bgefpæ Ibgoòefbg i Rgbfkc# g Bgefpæ `kr Ximfùir pkehæe pie ayoíùir

bgorycpfqkr# `iqio`g rix bgorycpk`g rie~xi {yi kr `ibfrùir k pgekx irpidke xickbfgok`kr bge

fopixirrir ximfgokfr# ogeik`keiopi ie {yirpùir xickpfqkr î i`ybkíâg# bycpyxk# rkô`i ~ôhcfbk ik~cfbkíâg `gr ayo`gr irpxypyxkfr/ Æ bge~grpg ~gx eiehxgr `gr `fqixrgr ~kårir ie xi~xiriopkíâg `kr

iopf`k`ir ximfgokfr i cgbkfr/ 

b/  Hkobg Iyxg~iy `i Foqirpfeiopg ,HIF& 

K ayoíâg `g Hkobg Biopxkc Iyxg~iy æ k `i afokobfkx# k ~kxpfx `i bk~fpkfr xibgclf`gr kgr eixbk`gr

afokobifxgr eyo`fkfr# foqirpfeiopgr ie ~xgdipgr irpxypyxkfr# oibirrëxfgr kg `irioqgcqfeiopg `k Yofâg/

^kxk frrg# g HIF bgobi`i ie~xærpfegr i mkxkopfkr `i afokobfkeiopg k ~xgdipgr {yi qfrie g`irioqgcqfeiopg `i ximfùir `irakqgxëqifr# k eiclgxfk `kr foaxkirpxypyxkr `i pxkor~gxpir i `i

picibgeyofbkíùir# k ~xgpiíâg `g kehfiopi# g `irioqgcqfeiopg `k fo`ôrpxfk i g khkrpibfeiopg `i

ioixmfk/ 

`/ Hkobg Biopxkc Iyxg~iy ,HBI& 

G Hkobg Biopxkc Iyxg~iy agf bxfk`g ~kxk# `i yek agxek pgpkceiopi fo`i~io`iopi# aktix k mirpâg `k

Yofâg Ibgoòefbk i Egoipëxfk i `g Iyxg/

Råehgcgr `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk 

K i|frpäobfk `i råehgcgr bgopxfhyf ~kxk kyeiopkx g riopfeiopg `i ~ixpioík i k bgorbfäobfk iyxg~ifk`gr bf`k`âgr/

@irpi eg`g# k i|frpäobfk `i yek Hko`ifxk `k Yofâg# `i ye Lfog Iyxg~iy# `i yek Egi`k# `i ye @fk

`k Iyxg~k i `i ye Ciek bgopxfhyf ~kxk ~xgegqix k `feiorâg iyxg~ifk og {ygpf`fkog `gr bf`k`âgr#

bgoaixfo`g ye riopfeiopg `i rgcf`kxfi`k`i i `i bgo`fíâg `i eiehxg `i yek ôofbk Bgeyof`k`i/

Råehgcgr `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok 6=

K Hko`ifxk `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk

Irpk æ k hko`ifxk `k Iyxg~k# råehgcg oâg rò `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk# ekr pkehæe `k yof`k`i i `k

f`iopf`k`i `k Iyxg~k ie riopf`g ekfr ckpg/

K kpykc hko`ifxk iyxg~ifk piqi gxfmie ok hko`ifxk k`gpk`k# ie ;699# ~icg Bgoriclg `k Iyxg~k# pio`g%

ri pgxok`g iehciek gafbfkc `k Bgeyof`k`i Iyxg~ifk k~iokr ie ;6<1/

^gx rymirpâg `g ~xirf`iopi `g ^kxckeiopg Iyxg~iy# ^fixxi Afecko`# afbgy `ibf`f`g {yi k hko`ifxk `k

Yofâg rixfk i|kpkeiopi fmykc î `g Bgoriclg `k Iyxg~k# pio`g k eirek rf`g rgcioieiopi lkrpik`k#

~ick ;¤ qit# k 86 `i Ekfg `i ;6<1# ie Hxy|ickr/

Ok hko`ifxk Iyxg~ifk afmyxke ;8 irpxickr `gyxk`kr `i bfobg ~gopkr# `fr~grpkr ie agxek `i båxbycg#rghxi ye ayo`g ktyc# xi~xiriopko`g k yofâg `gr ~gqgr `k Iyxg~k/

G oôeixg `i irpxickr {yi afmyxke ok hko`ifxk oâg irpë xickbfgok`g bge g oôeixg `i ~kårir {yi aktie

~kxpi `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk/ G oôeixg `gti rfehgcftk k ~ixaifíâg# k ~ciofpy`i i k yof`k`i ,qidk%ri gr

`gti eirir `g kog# gr `gti rfmogr `g tg`åkbg# ipb/&/

G båxbycg `i irpxickr `gyxk`kr xi~xiriopk k rgcf`kxfi`k`i i k lkxegofk iopxi gr ~gqgr `k Iyxg~k/

G oôeixg `i irpxickr oâg pie ok`k k qix bge g oôeixg `i Irpk`gr%Eiehxgr/

Kr irpxickr râg `gti ~gx{yi pxk`fbfgokceiopi irpi oôeixg bgorpfpyf ye råehgcg `i ~ixaifíâg# ~ciofpy`i

i yof`k`i/

Krrfe# k hko`ifxk ekopæe%ri fokcpixk`k# fo`i~io`iopieiopi `gr kckxmkeiopgr `k YI/

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok 6<

Lfrpòxfk `k hko`ifxk

K lfrpòxfk `k hko`ifxk bgeiík ie ;699/ Oirrk kcpyxk# k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk i|frpfk k~iokr rgh k agxek `k

Bgeyof`k`i Iyxg~ifk `g Bkxqâg i `g Kíg# bge rifr Irpk`gr%Eiehxgr/ Og iopkopg# kcmyor kogr kopir

pfolk rf`g bxfk`g ye gypxg gxmkofreg % g Bgoriclg `k Iyxg~k % {yi xiyofk ye oôeixg ry~ixfgx `i

eiehxgr i bydk ayoíâg bgorfrpfk ie `iaio`ix gr `fxifpgr `g Lgeie i ~xgegqix k bycpyxk iyxg~ifk/

G Bgoriclg `k Iyxg~k ~xgbyxkqk ye råehgcg {yi g xi~xiriopkrri/ K~òr kcmyek `frbyrrâg# agf k`gpk`g

g ~xiriopi iehciek % ye båxbycg `i `gti irpxickr `gyxk`kr rghxi ayo`g ktyc/ Okcmyekr bycpyxkr# g

`gti æ ye oôeixg rfehòcfbg {yi xi~xiriopk k ~ciofpy`i# rio`g pkehæe# iqf`iopieiopi# g oôeixg `gr

eirir `g kog i g oôeixg `i lgxkr xi~xiriopk`kr oye {yk`xkopi `i xicòmfg/ G båxbycg bgorpfpyf# iopxi

gypxkr bgfrkr# ye råehgcg `i yof`k`i/

G Bgoriclg `k Iyxg~k bgoqf`gy rimyf`keiopi kr gypxkr forpfpyfíùir iyxg~ifkr k k`gpkxie k eirek

hko`ifxk i# ie ;6<2# g ^kxckeiopg Iyxg~iy rimyfy g riy i|ie~cg/ ^gx ôcpfeg# ie ;6<9# gr Bliair `i

Irpk`g i `i Mgqixog `k YI k`gpkxke irpk hko`ifxk bgeg iehciek `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk % {yi oirrk

kcpyxk ixk `irfmok`k ~gx Bgeyof`k`ir Iyxg~ifkr/

@ir`i g foåbfg `i ;6<1# pg`kr kr forpfpyfíùir iyxg~ifkr k`gpkxke irpk hko`ifxk/

K hko`ifxk `k Iyxg~k æ g ôofbg iehciek `k Bgefrrâg Iyxg~ifk % g òxmâg i|ibypfqg `k YI/ Gypxkrforpfpyfíùir i gxmkofregr `k YI yrke ye iehciek ~xò~xfg# ~kxk kcæe `k hko`ifxk `k Iyxg~k/

Lfog `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk

G`i î Kcimxfk

G lfog iyxg~iy oâg æ k~iokr g lfog `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk# ekr `i pg`k k Iyxg~k oye riopf`g ekfr ckpg/

K eôrfbk æ i|pxkå`k `k 6¤ Rfoagofk ,{ykxpg ko`keiopg& `i Cy`}fm Qko Hiiplgqio# bge~grpk ie ;<82/

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok 66

Og ôcpfeg ko`keiopg `irpk rfoagofk# Hiiplgqio ~ðr ie eôrfbk k (G`i î Kcimxfk(# {yi Axfi`xfbl qgo

Rblfccix irbxiqiy ie ;=<9/ G ~giek i|~xfei k qfrâg f`ikcfrpk `i Rblfccix# {yi ixk ~kxpfclk`k ~gx

Hiiplgqio# ie {yi k lyekof`k`i ri yoi ~ick axkpixof`k`i/

G Lfog Iyxg~iy agf k`gpk`g ~ick Krriehcifk Bgorycpfqk `g Bgoriclg `k Iyxg~k# ie Dyclg `i ;6=;# i

~icg Bgefpæ `i Efofrpxgr# ie Dkoifxg `i ;6=8/ Rgcfbfpgy%ri kg bæcihxi ekirpxg Lixhixp Qgo Jkxkdko

{yi bge~yrirri pxär kxxkodgr forpxyeiopkfr % ~kxk ~fkog# ~kxk forpxyeiopgr `i rg~xg i ~kxk gx{yirpxk/

Rie ~kckqxkr# ok cfomykmie yofqixrkc `k eôrfbk# g lfog i|~xfei gr f`ikfr `i cfhix`k`i# ~kt i

rgcf`kxfi`k`i {yi bgorpfpyie g irpko`kxpi `k Iyxg~k/

Ie ;6<9# agf k`gpk`g ~icgr bliair `i Irpk`g i `i Mgqixog `k YI bgeg lfog gafbfkc `k Yofâg

Iyxg~ifk/ Oâg ri ~xipio`i {yi ryhrpfpyk gr lfogr okbfgokfr `gr Irpk`gr Eiehxgr# ekr rfe {yibicihxi gr qkcgxir ~gx pg`gr ~kxpfclk`gr `i yof`k`i i `fqixrf`k`i/

Irpi lfog æ iopgk`g ie bixfeòofkr gafbfkfr `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk i ie qëxfgr pf~gr `i ekofairpkíùir i

iqiopgr `i bkxëbpix iyxg~iy/

K Egi`k Iyxg~ifk 

G Iyxg

Iyxg æ k `irfmokíâg `k egi`k ôofbk iyxg~ifk {yi iopxgy ie bfxbyckíâg k ; `i Dkoifxg `i 8>>8/

G råehgcg `g iyxg æ ₣/

G iyxg qifg ryhrpfpyfx kr kopfmkr egi`kr okbfgokfr `i `itkrrifr ~kårir `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk4

Kciekolk# Ëyrpxfk# Hæcmfbk# Blf~xi# Ircgqë{yfk# Ircgqæofk# Ir~kolk# Afocèo`fk# Axkoík# Mxæbfk#

Fxcko`k# Fpëcfk# Cy|iehyxmg# Ekcpk# ^kårir Hkf|gr i ^gxpymkc/

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok ;>>

@fk `k Iyxg~k4 6 `i Ekfg

(K ~kt eyo`fkc oâg ~g`ixë rix rkcqkmykx`k`k rie yek bxfkpfqf`k`i î ei`f`k `gr ~ixfmgr {yi k

keikíke ,///& / Kpxkqær `k bgcgbkíâg ie bgeye `i ~xg`yíùir `i hkri i `k forpfpyfíâg `i yek

Kcpk Kypgxf`k`i ogqk# bydkr `ibfrùir cfmkxâg k Axkoík# k Kciekolk i gr ~kårir {yi k ick

k`ixfxie# irpk ~xg~grpk bgorpfpyfxë k ~xfeifxk hkri bgobxipk `i yek ai`ixkíâg iyxg~ifk#

fo`fr~iorëqic î ~xirixqkíâg `k ~kt/( 

Râg irpkr kr ~xfeifxkr cfolkr `k `ibckxkíâg xi`fmf`k ~gx Diko Egooip i ~xgaixf`kr î fe~xiork ~gx

Xghixp Rblyeko# Efofrpxg `gr Oimòbfgr Irpxkomifxgr `i Axkoík# ie 6 `i Ekfg `i ;69> og Rkcgo `i

c°Lgxcgmi `g [ykf `°Gxrkv/

Ixk krrfe ~xg~grpk k bxfkíâg `k Bgeyof`k`i Iyxg~ifk `g Bkxqâg i `g Kíg ,BIBK&/

Xibgolibio`g k fe~gxpèobfk `k `kpk ~kxk g foåbfg `g ~xgbirrg `i bgorpxyíâg iyxg~ifk# gr bliair `i

Irpk`g i `i Mgqixog `ibf`fxke# ok Bfeifxk `i Efcâg `i ;6<9# bgorkmxkx g `fk 6 `i Ekfg bgeg g @fk`k Iyxg~k/

Ciek Iyxg~iy 

Yof`k ok @fqixrf`k`i , Fo qkxfipkpi bgobòx`fk& ,Ckpfe&

G ciek iyxg~iy agf k`gpk`g ok ri{yäobfk `i ye bgobyxrg gxmkoftk`g ~gx qëxfkr iopf`k`ir iyxg~ifkr i

og {ykc ~kxpfbf~kxke <>/>>> dgqior iyxg~iyr bge f`k`ir iopxi gr ;> i gr ;6 kogr/Og ~ixåg`g `i Ripiehxg `i ;666 k Dkoifxg `i 8>>># `ykr efc ~xg~grpkr `i `fqfrk agxke ryheipf`kr/

@i~gfr `i yek ~xfeifxk riciíâg kg oåqic okbfgokc# ye dôxf bge~grpg ~gx icieiopgr `i bk`k ye `gr

Irpk`gr%Eiehxgr irbgcliy = `fqfrkr {yi agxke ryheipf`kr kg Mxko`i Dôxf# ie Hxy|ickr# ~xirf`f`g

~gx Dkb{yir @icgxr# kopfmg ~xirf`iopi `k Bgefrrâg Iyxg~ifk/

Ie 0 `i Ekfg `i 8>>> og ^kxckeiopg Iyxg~iy# 9>> dgqior gxfyo`gr `i ;9 ~kårir `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk

krrfrpfxke î bixfeòofk ie {yi agf icifpk k `fqfrk iyxg~ifk4 Yof`k ok @fqixrf`k`i/

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok ;>;

Ghdipfqgr `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk

@ir`i bi`g {yi k yofâg iyxg~ifk pie ie eiopi k bxfkíâg `i ye bgodyopg `i ghdipfqgr {yi ~ixefpke

yek eiclgx bgirâg bge g eyo`g k oåqic rgbfkc# ~gcfpfbg i ibgoòefbg/ Irrir ghdipfqgr ~krrke ~gx4

 Khxkíkx ~gcfpfbkr bgeyor ie `fqixrgr bke~gr bgeg k kmxfbycpyxk# ~irbk# kehfiopi# ioixmfk#

i`ybkíâg ipb/ ‡

 Eiclgxkx kr bgo`fíùir `i cfqxi bgeæxbfg iopxi gr ~kårir eiehxgr:

 Bxfkíâg `k egi`k ôofbk `i agxek k akbfcfpkx k yofafbkíâg egoipëxfk i k akbfcfpkíâg `g bgeæxbfg:

 Bxfkíâg `i ye eixbk`g ôofbg ~kxk k eiclgxfk `g ayobfgokeiopg `gr eixbk`gr# bgopxfhyfo`g ~kxk

ye Iyxg~k ekfr bgobgxxiobfkc i ryrpiopëqic go`i k bgobgxxäobfk oâg æ akcrik`k:

 Eiclgxkx kr bgo`fíùir `i qf`k i `g pxkhkclg `gr bf`k`âgr iyxg~iyr:

 Xi`ytfx kr `irfmykc`k`ir rgbfkfr i ibgoòefbkr iopxi kr ximfùir:

 Ageiopkx g `irioqgcqfeiopg ibgoòefbg `gr ~kårir ie akri `ibxirbfeiopg:

 ^xg~gxbfgokx ye kehfiopi `i ~kt# i{yfcåhxfg i lkxegofk ok Iyxg~k:

 ^xgegqix k yof`k`i ~gcåpfbk i ibgoòefbk `k Iyxg~k:

 ^xgegíâg `k ~kt# `gr riyr qkcgxir i `g hie `k ~g~yckíâg# k {yi ri krrgbfke gypxgr ghdipfqgr

fmykceiopi fe~gxpkopir4

  ^xgegíâg `k bgirâg ibgoòefbk# rgbfkc i pixxfpgxfkc i k rgcf`kxfi`k`i iopxi gr irpk`gr eiehxgr:

  ^xgegíâg `g ~xgmxirrg bfiopåafbg i pæbofbg:

  Bxfkíâg `i yek Iyxg~k `i `irioqgcqfeiopg ryrpiopëqic ,bxirbfeiopg ibgoòefbg i{yfcfhxk`g#

ibgogefk rgbfkc i bge~ipfpfqk# ~xgpiíâg `g kehfiopi&:

  Gaixibix kgr bf`k`âgr ye ir~kíg `i cfhix`k`i# rimyxkoík i dyrpfík:

  Cypkx bgopxk k i|bcyrâg i `frbxfefokíùir i ageiopkx k dyrpfík i k ~xgpiíâg rgbfkc# k fmykc`k`i iopxi

gr ri|gr# k bgg~ixkíâg iopxi kr mixkíùir i k ~xgpiíâg `gr `fxifpgr `kr bxfkoíkr/

[yi `irkafgr pxkt k ^gxpymkc g kckxmkeiopg `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk7

^gxpymkc khxkík kpykceiopi `fqixrkr gxmkoftkíùir iopxi kr {ykfr ri iobgopxk bge `irpk{yi# k yofâg

Iyxg~ifk/

Bf`k`kofk Iyxg~ifk

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok ;>8

Irpk gxmkoftkíâg dë ~krrgy ~gx rybirrfqgr kckxmkeiopgr go`i kpykceiopi kbgcli 8= ~kårir/

Agf bge k iopxk`k `i `it ogqgr ~kårir ie 8>>0# {yi ~ixefpfy k xiyofafbkíâg `k yofâg iyxg~ifk

`fqf`f`k ok 8¤ Myixxk Eyo`fkc bgobxipftko`g g rgolg `gr ayo`k`gxir4 aktix `k Iyxg~k ye ir~kíg i

yek yof`k`i cfqxi i yof`k/Irpk xiyofafbkíâg ~ixefpfy pkehæe ye bxirbfeiopg `g eixbk`g `i ie~ximg i `g eixbk`g fopixog# g

{yi xi~xiriopk ye kbxærbfeg `i bixbk `i =9 efclùir `i bgoryef`gxir i bckxg# ye kyeiopg `g

bgeæxbfg `i hior i rixqfígr/

^gxæe irrir ~kårir oâg xi~xiriopke ye oåqic `i xf{yitk iciqk`g gy fmykcfpëxfg kg `gr xirpkopir ~kårir

eiehxgr/

Iehgxk k g oyeixg `i lkhfpkopir i k ry~ixaåbfi piolke kyeiopk`g ok yofâg iyxg~ifk# g ri ^FH

,~xg`ypg fopixog Hxypg& bxirbiy k~iokr 9) g {yi egrpxk kr `fr~kxf`k`ir i `faixioíkr iopxi gr ~kårir{yi fopimxke k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk/

^kxk kcæe `kr `fr~kxf`k`ir `i xio`feiopgr# irpir ~kårir k~xiriopke Bkxkbpixårpfbkr ~gcåpfbkr i rgbfkfr

eyfpg ir~ibfafbkr g {yi ghxfmk k yek ey`koík og fopixfgx `k YI/

Bgeg ghdipfqg ~kxk `fefoyfx kr `faixioíkr iopxi gr ~kårir# g bxirbfeiopg `kr ibgogefkr `gr ogqgr

irpk`gr%eiehxgr kdy`k gr ~kårir k`ixiopir k hioiafbfkx `i yek ekfgx ~xgr~ixf`k`i# g {yi kdy`k k

xi`ytfx kr `fr~kxf`k`ir `gr oåqifr `i qf`k oâg YI/

Bgori{yiopieiopi gr xirpkopir ~kårir hioiafbfke `i ye kyeiopg `g ~g`ix `i bge~xk i `i

g~gxpyof`k`ir `i i|~gxpkíâg i foqirpfeiopgr/

Bgori{yäobfkr `g kckxmkeiopg `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk

G kckxmkeiopg `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk æ yek rimyxk khixpyxk k g~gxpyof`k`ir i oibirrf`k`ir# ayo`keiopkfr

~kxk k bgobxipftkíâg `i ghdipfqgr bgeg4

  Xiagxíg `k Yof`k`i Iyxg~ifk:

  Kckxmkeiopg `g eixbk`g bgeye {yi ~ixefpi k bxfkíâg `i ekfr ie~ximg:

  Bxfkíâg `i bgo`fíùir `i ekfgx irpkhfcf`k`i i ~xgr~ixf`k`i kgr ~kårir k`ixiopir:

  Bgorgcf`kíâg ~gcåpfbk i ibgoòefbk `gr ~kårir `i cirpi:

  Kyeiopg `k foacyäobfk `k YI og rfrpiek%eyo`g/

^gxæe kckxmkeiopgr kopixfgxir i ~xiqfrpgr# bgeg æ g bkrg `k Pyx{yfk# Bxgëbfk i Ekbi`òofk# pxgy|ixke

i pxktie ~kxk ^gxpymkc bgori{yäobfkr ~grfpfqkr i oimkpfqkr# krrfe bgeg kgr xirpkopir ~kårir%eiehxgr/

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok ;>2

Ogeik`keiopi ~kxk ^gxpymkc# qkopkmior `i {yi g ~kår ~g`i hioiafbfkx bge g kckxmkeiopg iobgopxke%

ri# ~gx i|ie~cg# k khixpyxk `i ogqgr eixbk`gr ~kxk kr ie~xirkr ~gxpymyirkr/

Og {yi ri xiaixi k bgori{yäobfkr oimkpfqkr'`irqkopkmior iobgopxke%ri yek eâg%`i%ghxk ekfr

bge~ipfpfqk/

Ekfgxfk bxä {yi g kckxmkeiopg `k YI qkf ~xidy`fbkx ^gxpymkc 

–Yek ekfgxfk `i ~gxpymyirir ,02 ~gx biopg& kblk {yi g kckxmkeiopg `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk qkf pix ~kxk

^gxpymkc ekfr bgori{yäobfkr oimkpfqkr `g {yi ~grfpfqkr# xiqick yek rgo`kmie xikcftk`k ~ick

Yofqixrf`k`i Bkpòcfbk ~kxk k XP^ i g ^ÔHCFBG/

,‡& Oâg æ# ~gxpkopg# bge mxko`i gpfefreg {yi gr ~gxpymyirir iobkxke g kckxmkeiopg î Iyxg~k `g

  Cirpi/ I# iopxi gr akpgxir {yi bgorf`ixke {yi rixâg ekfr ~xidy`fbkfr# `irpkbk%ri# bge yek bckxk

ekfgxfk `i 10 ~gx biopg# (k bgobgxxäobfk `i yek eâg%`i%ghxk ekfr hkxkpk i {ykcfafbk`k(/ Ie

rimyo`g cymkx# k mxko`i `frpèobfk# bge ;9 ~gx biopg `i xir~grpkr qie k (`fefoyfíâg `gr ayo`gr

bgeyofpëxfgr(# i ie pixbifxg# xiyofo`g k~iokr ripi ~gx biopg `kr xir~grpkr# k (`fefoyfíâg `g ~irg

 ~gcåpfbg `i ^gxpymkc ok Yofâg Iyxg~ifk(/

 K rgo`kmie egrpxk pkehæe {yi gr ~gxpymyirir rkhie g {yi æ {yi pie {yi ey`kx og ~kår ~kxk {yi

irpi ~grrk hioiafbfkx ekfr bge g kckxmkeiopg4 k i`ybkíâg# xir~go`ie 01 ~gx biopg `gr fo{yfxf`gr#eyfpg cgomi `i pg`kr kr gypxkr g~íùir/

,‡& K~irkx `k bgoqfbíâg ekfgxfpëxfk `i {yi rixiegr ~xidy`fbk`gr bge k iopxk`k ok YI `k

  Xi~ôhcfbk Blibk# Lyomxfk# ^gcòofk# Ircgqë{yfk# Ircgqæofk# Irpòofk# Cipòofk# Cfpyèofk# Ekcpk i

Blf~xi# ok xir~grpk î ~ixmyopk rghxi {ykc `gr kr~ipgr `g kckxmkeiopg ogr ~g`ixë hioiafbfkx ekfr#

2=) kblk {yi rixë k khixpyxk `i ogqgr eixbk`gr ~kxk kr ie~xirkr ~gxpymyirkr/ Kr {yirpùir

 ~gcåpfbkr ryxmie oyor `frpkopir rimyo`g i pixbifxg cymkxir ,‡& Rò ;< ~gx biopg ~iork {yi ye `gr

hioiaåbfgr `g kckxmkeiopg rixë bgcgbkx ok Yofâg ~kårir {yi ~g`ie rix ogrrgr kcfk`gr ~gcåpfbgr/ I 

;8) kbxi`fpk {yi (qkf `kx mkxkopfkr `i ~kt i rimyxkoík ok Iyxg~k(/ Lë pkehæe ;9) {yi irbgclie k

g~íâg (gypxg(# rie ir~ibfafbkx ie {yi gypxgr hioiaåbfgr irpâg k ~iorkx/ I# rfmofafbkpfqkeiopi# ;< ~gx 

biopgr `gr fo{yfxf`gr rghxi gr hioiaåbfgr `g kckxmkeiopg oâg rkhi gy oâg xir~go`i/ –

 Kci|ko`xk ^xk`g Bgiclg ^ÔHCFBG# Rimyo`k%aifxk# 81 `i Khxfc `i 8>>0

[ykc{yix kckxmkeiopg bge~xgeipi rie~xi kcpixkíùir k oåqic `k ~gcåpfbk irpxypyxkc i bgirâg ,^IB&# ok

~gcåpfbk kmxåbgck bgeye ,^KB& krrfe bgeg# ye kyeiopg `kr `ir~irkr gxíkeiopkfr `k YI/

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

^xgairrgx4 Dgk{yfe Ek`xymk % BIA ‒ Pf~g 8# oåqic FF % Bf`k`kofk i Eyo`g Kpykc ‒ ;´ Kog ^ëmfok ;>0

K Yofâg Iyxg~ifk i g Kehfiopi

–K ~xgpiíâg `g kehfiopi æ irriobfkc ~kxk k {ykcf`k`i `i qf`k pkopg `kr kbpykfr bgeg `kr aypyxkr

mixkíùir/

G `irkafg {yi ri bgcgbk æ bgeg bgehfokx irrk ~xgpiíâg bge ye bxirbfeiopg ibgoòefbg bgopåoyg iryrpiopëqic k cgomg ~xktg/ Kpio`io`g îr kcpixkíùir bcfeëpfbkr# irri `irkafg æ bk`k qit ekfr ~xieiopi/

  K ~gcåpfbk `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk ie ekpæxfk `i kehfiopi hkrifk%ri ok bgoqfbíâg `i {yi ogxekr

kehfiopkfr iciqk`kr irpfeycke k fogqkíâg i kr g~gxpyof`k`ir `i foqirpfeiopg i {yi kr ~gcåpfbkr

ibgoòefbkr# fo`yrpxfkc# rgbfkc i kehfiopkc `iqie irpkx irpxifpkeiopi fopimxk`kr/―

}}}/iyxg~k/iy 

@ir`i k bxfkíâg `k YI# {yi g kehfiopi pie k`{yfxf`g yek fe~gxpèobfk bk`k qit ekfr xiciqkopi#

~xfobf~kceiopi `ir`i k `æbk`k `i =>/ @ir`i g pxkpk`g `i Ekkrpxfblp ie ;668# bgorkmxgy%ri k

i|frpäobfk `i yek ~gcåpfbk og `geåofg `g kehfiopi/

Ekr agf og pxkpk`g `i Keirpix`âg {yi ri xiagxígy kfo`k ekfr# irpk ~xigby~kíâg ie {yi ri kafxek

rgcioieiopi {yi ªqfqix oye kehfiopi râg æ yek i|fmäobfk `gr iyxg~iyrº/

Ye `gr ~xgdipgr ~xiqfrpgr i dë kcbkoík`gr æ pix ie qfrpk# k koëcfri `k rfpykíâg `i bk`k ~kår og {yi ri

xiaixi îr ~gcåpfbkr kehfiopkfr# bkcbycko`g g åo`fbi `i ryrpiopkhfcf`k`i kehfiopkc ,FRK&# {yi æ

irpkhicibf`g k ~kxpfx `i =1 qkxfëqifr# {yi ri hkrifke `ir`i k {ykcf`k`i `g kx î bk~kbf`k`i `i xir~grpk

`kr forpfpyfíùir i kgr ~xghciekr kehfiopkfr/[yko`g bge~kxkegr g åo`fbi `i ryrpiopkhfcf`k`i kehfiopkc iopxi gr ~kårir `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk# gr {yi

k~xiriopke eiclgxir åo`fbir `i bgo`fíùir kehfiopkfr râg gr ~kårir `g ogxpi `k Iyxg~k/

G {yi oâg `if|k `i rix byxfgrg# ~gfr râg ~xibfrkeiopi irpir ~kårir gr {yi k~xiriopke ye ekfgx oåqic

`i `irioqgcqfeiopg/

G cymkx {yi ^gxpymkc gby~k oirpi xkojfom æ g 2=´ Cymkx# g {yi oâg `if|k `i rix yek hgk ~grfíâg k

oåqic mcghkc/ Bgeg agf xiaixf`g# kpykceiopi kr {yirpùir kehfiopkfr irpâg%ri k pgxokx ~xfgxf`k`i ~kxk k

gxmkoftkíâg `k Yofâg Iyxg~ifk# ekr ie ^gxpymkc irri ~xgbirrg kfo`k ri iobgopxk oye cgomg bkefolgk ~ixbgxxix ~gfr k Cif `kr Hkrir `g Kehfiopi rò agf k~xgqk`k ie ;6<=/

Agf ie 8>>; ckoík`g g 1´ ~xgmxkek `i Kíâg rghxi g Kehfiopi# k ayobfgokx `ir`i 8>>8 kpæ 8>;8 i {yi

~xfqfcimfk gr piekr rimyfopir4

 Kcpixkíùir bcfeëpfbkr i k{yibfeiopg `g ~ckoipk:

 Okpyxitk i hfg`fqixrf`k`i:

 Kehfiopi# rkô`i i {ykcf`k`i `i qf`k:

 Xibyxrgr okpyxkfr i mirpâg `gr xirå`ygr/

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Irbgck Ribyo`ëxfk `i Hiokqiopi 

Irpi forpxyeiopg ~i`kmòmfbg rimyi gr bgopiô`gr `iafof`gr og ~xgmxk ek `k ` frbf~cfok `i Bf`k`ko fk i Eyo`g Kpyk c/