Concepts of UAVs TechnologyTypes, Applications and Components for mapping

สํานักงานพัฒนาเทคโนโลยีอวกาศและภูมสิารสนเทศ (องค์การมหาชน)Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (Public Organization)

ชยพล อินอานChayapol INARN, Reseacher, Ph.D. in Automatic Control Bordeaux 1 University, Bordeaux, France

• Introduction

• UAVs type

• UAVs Application Defense

Securities

Civil/Commercial

• HAPs High altitude platform system

• UAVs Components for mapping

Outline

Introduction

Unmanned definition

Terrestrial Unmanned: UGVUnmanned Ground Vehicle

Aerial Unmanned : UAVUnmanned Aerial Vehicle

Surface Unmanned : USVUnmanned Surface Vehicle

Underwater Unmanned : UUVUnmanned Underwater Vehicle

Introduction

History unmanned aircraftUSA: Kettering bug biplane

1918

Germany: V1 radioplan1940-1945

Canada, Britain and West Germany : CL89 1970

IAI: Scout 1970s

France: Crécerelle

1994

T

o

d

a

y

2

0

0

0

Introduction

Basic Concept

Dull/uncomfor

table

Dirty

Dangerous

Introduction

UAV systems

Operators

Ground Segment

Ground station

Take-off/Landing

Air Segment

Avionic

Payload mission Propulsion

Data link

The Drone (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)

Ground Station Command and Control

The Data Link

Operator/team

Introduction

Global market UAV

Introduction

Global market UAV con’t

UAVs Type

UAVs Classification-segmentation

By size: Nano, micro, small, medium, large ... By method of flight control: fixed wing, rotary wing, VTOL

(Vertical Take-Off and Landing) ... By altitude: low altitude, medium altitude, high altitude..By level of operation: tactical, operational, strategic .. By Mission: SAR, combat, carrier .. By user: military, commercial, civil By propulsion and engines: propulsion reactor, turboprop

propulsion, electric propulsion motor, propulsion hydrogen, thermal Engine propulsion

UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t

By size: Nano, micro, small, medium, large ...

UAVs category Max Take-off Weight (Kg)

Operation Range

Nano 0.01 approach range

Micro 0.1 approach range

Mini W<25 Close range

Small 25>150 Close range

Medium 150-2000 Short/Medium range

Large W>2000 Long range

UAVs Type

By size: Nano, micro, mini, small, medium, large ...

UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t

50 meter wing span 350-pound airframe HALE 5 years operation

Large

MQ1 predator

MQ9 reaper

ALTI-VTOL

nano

micro

mini

small

medium/short

Medium/medium

UAVs Type

By method of flight control: fixed wing, rotary wing, VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) ...

MQ9 reaper

fixed wing

Exocet

rotary wing

Alti

VTOL

UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t

UAVs Type

By altitude: low altitude, medium altitude, high altitude..

UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t

UAVs Type

high altitude 18Km-30Km

The "Caihong-T 4" (CH-T4), built by the Chinese Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics (CAAA), wingspan of 40 meter weighs between 880 and 1,100 pounds. First near-space flight solar Drone

UAE's Yabhon-R2

Chang Hong 5

medium altitude 5km-18km Reaper

low altitude <5Km

JD.com

By level of operation: tactical, operational, strategic ..

tactical

sub-tactical approach range

operation

combat: X-47 UCAVs

strategic

UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t

UAVs Type

By Mission: SAR, combat, carrier ..

CQ-10 Snow Goose

The U.S. Marine Corps plans to deploy the unmanned K-MAX to Afghanistan in November 2011.

Swiss Post

Titan X8

IAF: Heron

UAVs Type

UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t

X-47 UCAVs

Avenger predator C

By user: military, commercial, civil…..

Orbiter 3b crown jewel

MQ9 ReaperNorthrop Grumman Bat 12

UAVs Type

UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t

By propulsion and engines: jet engine

Jet Engine

Predator C Avenger turbofan engine

UAVs Type

UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t

By propulsion and engines: turboprop propulsion

Predator

UAVs Type

UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t

By propulsion and engines: hydrogen/hybridHydrogen fuel cells/IAI's Bird Eye

Horizon Energy System with electric

BLDC motor

Maximum weight at take-off : 11 kg (24 lbs)

Weight : 9.8 kg (21.605 lbs)

Wingspan : 3 m (10 ft)

Maximum speed : 120 km / h

Cruising speed: 74 km / h (46 mph)

Maximum endurance : 6 h

Operating radius : 20 km (12 mi, 11 nm)

Operating distance : 260 km (162 mi, 140 nm)

Operational ceiling : 4,267 m (13,999 ft)

UAVs Type

UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t

By propulsion and engines: electric propulsion motor

Electric propulsion motor

UAVs Type

UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t

Application Field

DefenseSecuritiesCivil/Commercial

DefenseThe concept of Network centric warfare.

Application Field

Iraqi police build quadcopter “bomber” with DJI matrice 100 drone

DefenseThe UAVs are now essential for general mission defense. Observation Surveillance Reconnaissance Target Designation Air/Ground armed missions SAR: search and rescue Combat supportBefor 2013More 7,000 operationalMore 30 typesNear 2 millions hours of fights

Application Field

Defense Operation level

Operation level ContributionFunction

Loop time UAs types

Strategic Large area surveillance 500x500 KmReconnaissance individuals area4x4 km

Day/hours HALEHighaltitude long endurance

Operative Large area activities surveillance 300x300 Km/Reconnaissance individuals area 4x4 km

A few hours->2 hours

MALEMediumaltitude long endurance

Tactical Short-range surveillance 50x50 Km/Reconnaissance/identifies/ localization/tracking

1-60 minute Tactical-Lowaltitude

Application Field

DefenseOperation level: Combat support mission

Operation Need.

Support for airborne, aerial and aeromaritime operations.

Typical missions.

Target designation

Communication relay

Anti decoy

Improvised Explosive Device

Battle damage assessment

Special operation

Combat-SAR

Artillery support

Cargo lift

Fully Autonomous combat…>

Jamming air defense radar system/ Artillery radar system

Application Field

SecuritiesPossible use of UAs in security operations

Border surveillance.

Monitoring of Maritime.

Meteorology.

Police.

Control immigration.

Help with Cartography.

Detection of forest fires.

Search & Rescue.

Road traffic monitoring.

Control of avalanches.

Surveillance industrial sites.

Wildlife surveillance.

Pollution, ecology.

….

Application Field

SecuritiesMonitoring of Maritime

SAR/ISAR

EO-IR

Satellite AIS

Application Field

SecuritiesDetection of forest fires

Application Field

Civil/Commercial Monitoring of oil pipelines.

Monitoring of gas pipelines.

High voltage: HV Line Verification

Pollution, ecology. Agriculture

Fertilizer and pesticide application: Sprayer

Telecommunications

Aerial photo/Media/Drone journalism.

Industrial site monitoring

Monitoring of private infrastructure

Transport/Delivery

Taxi drone

Wind turbine

Survey/Mapping

Sport

…..

Application Field

Monitoring of gas/oil pipelines: Detect emission, leaks….

Sensors and Data CollectorsCameras: A wide array of digital image collectors are available. Cameras can be programmed to take individual still shots or to record a video. The resolution can vary dramatically.Infrared systems: Spectral detection of heat, resulting in heat maps, with useful information that can be used to identify hot spots, heat loss, geothermal zones, as well as small-source heat generators (animals, people, warm engines).Laser systems: Laser sensors can be used to identify where gases or other elements are causing the light sources to bend, and the refraction can be measured to determine they types of elements / gases that correspond to specific angles or spectral signatures.

High Voltage Line Verification

LIDAR

Thermal

Cameras

Air Pollution, ecology

https://youtu.be/mUyKZt9Ez4c?t=36

Agriculture

Crop Mapping Drone

Precision Agriculture

Multispectral & NDVI SensorGNSS RTK

Fertilizer and pesticide application: Sprayer

6 Axis 10KG 15KG Agricultural Spraying

Telecommunications

Tower InspectionsTelecom-equipped DronesNetwork TestingInternet Drone

The advantage of the UAS is that it can be equipped with several sensors, including a high-resolution recorder,thermal images and even a multispectral camera at more cost-effective prices than traditional methods

Industrial site

• Facilities Inspections• Environment monitoring• Security• Real estate

Mapping/planning• Fire Fighting• SAR• Spotlight

Payload/sensors• IR thermal Camera• FHD camera/Multispectral• Night Vision• First-aid kit

Transport

Shipment and Delivery service

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=luc7KkCFKWY

Taxi drone

Shot-Medium < 100 Km range human transport drone

http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/transport/watch-dubai-tests-first-manned-drone-1.1977905

VTOL36 motors 300 Km/h5 personal

Wind turbine

Survey/Mapping

3D :Using technology like orthomosaics,

contour lines and point clouds mosaic

images can be amassed, 3D models can

be created and volumetric calculations can be produced.

Sport

Drone sport: FPV racing drone: First personal viewHover board/bike

Support sport: Follow me feature

UAVs , High altitude platform system: HAPs

• Runs exclusively on solar power,• Flies above the weather and above commercial air traffic,• Endures like a satellite,• Focuses like an aircraft and• Is cheaper than both of them

AirBus.defence Zephyr • Absolute Duration – 336h 22m 8s 14days• Altitude – 21,562m•power in excess of 300W to accommodate for example HD optical, AIS, NIIR, RADAR (2018), LIDAR (2018)..ESM/ELINT (2018,military equipment)•3 orders from UK military

•Maritime & Border surveillance•Environmental surveillance•In-theatre C4ISTAR relay•Missile detection•Navigation•Ad-hoc communication bandwidth•Continuous imagery…

CH-T4 Solar

Google: TITAN

Facebook: Aquila

UAVs Components for mapping

2D Map3D Model

UAVs Components for mapping

The Drone (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) Ground Station Command and Control with operator The Data Link

Operators

Ground Segment

Ground station

Take-off/Landing

Air Segment

Avionic

Payload mission Propulsion

Data link

UAVs Components for mapping

Air segment-EPS: electrical power system-Main body frame-Propulsion-Flight Controller-GPS/GNSS navigation-Telemetry Telecommand & Control-Payloads-Geo-Tagged hardware-Camera Gimbal-Additional sensors

UAVs Components for mapping

Air segmentEPS electrical power system-Power distributer-Flight controller -Motor drive -FPV: first personal video-Sensor power (Voltage & Current)-Gimbal -Redundancy and protection system

UAVs Components for mapping

Air segment

EPS electrical power system-Batteries

Batteries-Capacity

-Cell Number-Charger rate-Discharge rate-Life cycle-Operation temperature-Weight-Size-Cost-interface plug

Li-po cell

Specifications:Minimum Capacity: 18000mAhConfiguration: 6S1P / 22.2V / 6CellDischarge Rate: 15CMax Burst discharge Rate: 30CNet Weight(±20g): 2270gDimensions: 205.5mm Length x 94.2mm Width x 79.5mm HeightDischarge Plug: AS150+XT150 plugCharge Plug: XT90

Sanyo NCR18650GA

Hobby king multistar 6S 16Ah

UAVs Components for mapping

Air segmentMain body frameMulti-rotor type

-Flat/Co-axis-plus/X/Y/tri

Frame Materials-Carbone fiber plate/tube-Fiber glass-Aluminum-Plastic

UAVs Components for mapping

Air segment

PropulsionPropellerMotorElectronic speed controllers (ESC)

UAVs Components for mapping

Air segment

Flight Controller-Professional/Open-source-air frame support-Redundancy sensor 2IMU/3IMU-Multi-Navigation system 2GPS/3GPS-RTK rover integration-Single board computer SBC support orSDK for developer-Support additional sensor-Connectors/plugs/Cable interface-Compatible mission requirement

UAVs Components for mapping

Air segmentFlight Controller-Single board computer SBC support orSDK for developer

UAVs Components for mapping

Air segment

Flight Controller-RTK rover integration

Tiny RTK L1 GNSS M8P-02 Base/Rover

pingRX ADS-B Receiver

UAVs Components for mapping

Air segment

Flight Controller-Supported additional sensor

-Infrared for sun-sensor -LIDAR/Vision sensor for obstructed avoidance-Ultrasonic/LIDAR sensor for accurate UAV altitude-ADS-B Automatic dependent surveillance – air traffic sense->avoid

Ultrasonic/LIDAR range finder sensor

UAVs Components for mapping

Air segment

-Navigation sensor GNSS/IMU

DJI A3 -3GNSS and 3IMU

Pixhawk 2.1 2u-blox M8N GNSS and 3IMU

Receiving Format: GPS,GLONASS,Galileo,BeiDou,QZSS and SBASReceiving Channel:72 Searching ChannelPosition accuracy 2.0 m CEP

UAVs Components for mapping

Air segment

-Telemetry Telecommand & Control

Frequency Band application

433/868/900 MHz Telemetry/ tele-command

1.2 GHz Video-FPV

2.4 GHz/3G-4G Telemetry/ tele-command/Video-FPV/radio remote

5.8 GHz Analog/Digital HD Video-FPV/image data

UAVs Components for mapping

Air segment

Payloads-Optical (optronic)-Lidar

Capture

compression

formatting

Geo-tagging

Multiplex

Storage

Transmission

Other sensor

Data link

processing/Exploitation

decompression

reformatting

Demulti-plexing

decryption

reception

air

ground

encryption

Payload processing chain

UAVs Components for mapping

Air segment

PayloadsOptical (optronic) RGB camera HD

UAVs Components for mapping

Air segmentLIDAR

LIGHT DETECTION AND RANGING

-Altimeter (range finder)-Sense-and-Avoid (range finder)-Light imager > mapping

Puck VLP-16 Lidar Sensor

UAVs Components for mapping

Air segment

Geo-Tagged hardware

UAVs Components for mapping

Air segment

Camera Gimbal

DJI Zenmuse X5 Camera and 3-Axis Gimbal

UAVs Components for mapping

Ground segment

-Ground control station Computer-Ground control station software-Communication system-GNSS/RTK Base-GNSS/GCP -Operator/team

DGPS survey: GCP

Operator/team

$799

ReachRS RTK basePositioning• Static horizontal: 5 mm + 1 ppm• Static vertical: 10 mm + 2 ppm• Kinematic horizontal: 7 mm + 1 ppm• Kinematic vertical: 14 mm + 2 ppm

GNSS• GPS/QZSS L1, GLONASS G1• BeiDou B1, Galileo E1, SBAS• 72 tracking channels, IMU• 14Hz GPS / 5Hz GNSSData• RTCM3 corrections• NMEA and ERB solution• RINEX logs• 2GB internal storage

Connectivity• 868/915 MHz radio• WiFi (802.11a/b/g/n)• Bluetooth (4.0/2.1 EDR)• USB, RS232, PPS, Event

Software-MP-DJI-UgCS