Confirmation Seminar Presentation_Rafiyya

7/23/2019 Confirmation Seminar Presentation_Rafiyya

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/confirmation-seminar-presentationrafiyya 1/17

Thesis Title:

Women’s experience of

empowerment in the tourismsector: The Maldives

Presented by: Aishath RafiyyaU3080338

Supervisory Panel:

Chair: Dr Angela Benson

Seondary: Dr !raey Di"son



Women’s experience of empowerment in the tourism sector: The Maldives

Page 2 of 17

!he #aldives reahed five out of the eight #illenniu$ Develop$ent%oals &#D%' &U(DP #aldives) *0+,'- Despite this) poverty still

e.ists /ith inrease in urban poverty- Disparities in other

di$ensions suh as gender ineuity and ino$e disparity bet/een

the Capital City #ale1 and island o$$unities are seen- #aldives

has failed to ahieve third #D%: 2to pro$ote gender euality and

e$po/er /o$en1) /hih indiates hallenges in gender euality in

the ountry- Une$ploy$ent is appro.i$ately 3+ a$ong /o$en)

o$pared to 8 for $en &U(DP #aldives) *0+,'-

!ouris$ is the $a5or ino$e generating soure of the #aldives that

ontributes to 36-7 of the ountry1s %DP- !ouris$ reated +8)*675obs during *0++ and is the largest e$ploy$ent setor of the

/or"fore &#!) !ouris$ 9ear Boo") *0+3'- !hus) touris$ an be an

avenue to fill the gap in the une$ploy$ent rate of /o$en to that

of $en) and also it an be a tool to e$po/er /o$en in #aldives-

1. Introduction




Page 3 of 17

2. Literature Review

*-+ Conept of $po/er$ent$po/er$ent is a proess through /hih the soiety suh as

individuals) organisations and the o$$unity the$selves gain

$astery over their lives by enhaning their apaity (Conyers, 1975;

Sen, 1985; Arai 1996; Malhotra et al. 2002; Narayan, 2002;

Rappaport, 198 !ite" in So#iel", 200$%

!he /ord e$po/er$ent first a$e to the aade$i literature in

relation /ith ivil rights) addressed during +;76 in an artile alled

2!o/ard Bla" Politial $po/er$ent < Can the Syste$ Be

!ransfor$ed1 &Conyers) +;76' /hih /as then follo/ed by a nu$ber

artiles to e$po/er the bla" soiety-

As the agree$ent of $illenniu$ develop$ent poliies) and ever

sine the literature started disussing the poor and vulnerable

soieties) inluding /o$en and people $arginali=ed by poverty)

e$po/er$ent is given onsiderable i$portane globally-




Page of 17 Re#eren!e (Narayan, 2005%

M!"WRM#T

a$enc%

self&sufficienc%

freedom

'ontri(ution

li(eration

Involvement

'onfidence

P>R!ower over

relationship o# a&thority

an" s&'or"ination.

!ower toena'le to proress the s)ills an" a!!ess

the ne!essary reso&r!es to "e!ision*

+a)in an" a!hiee one-s oals

!ower withena'le to o'sere esta'lish share"

interests an" to attain the+ toether 'y

their relations, in#l&en!e.

!ower withinena'le to !lear oals

an" /ays to !hane.




Page ! of 17

Present study selets three basi understandings of

e$po/er$ent?

+- $po/er$ent shall be a ontinuous soial

proess (Conyers, 1975; Arai 1996; Malhotra et al. 2002; Narayan, 2002%

*- @t is $ultidi$ensional as it e$po/ers a person

holistially inluding eono$i) psyhologial) soialand politial aspets (Arai, 1996; S!heyens, 2002; Alsop, ertelsen an"

ollan", 2006%

3- @t ours at three levels na$ely individual) group

and o$$unity level in relation to one another (Arai,

1996; S!heyens, 2002; Malhotra, 2002; So#iel", 200$; Alsop, ertelsen an" ollan",

2006; Sa++an an" Santos, 2009% and realisation of e$po/er$ent

depends on the soiety and traditions (Malhotra an" Mather,

1997; Mason, 2005; Narayan, 2005; 'rahi+ an" Al)ire, 2007%




Page " of !

*-* >o$en e$po/er$ent !ouris$

• !he literature lin"ing /o$en e$po/er$ent /ith touris$ is

li$ited (Ch&h, 2012%.

• iterature sho/s /o$en are pro$inent in develop$ent of rural

touris$ /ith their s$all sale enterprise providing a valuable

alternative for the$ to ontinue to play their traditional gender

role of do$esti /or" at ho$e and serve tourists (3ar!ia*Ra+on,

Canoes an" 4al"oinos, 1995%

• >o$en onsists 80 touris$ 5obs) but only +0 in leadership

positions (3R, 2010%

• !ouris$ has brought eono$i develop$ent /hih has the

potential to e$po/er the loal /o$en) thus an be a vehile to

reah #D%3 (3R, 2010; er&son, 2010%

• !ouris$ 5obs opened $any opportunities li"e e.posure and

trainings) and it has the potential to e$po/er /o$en by

inreasing /o$en1s onfidene level thereby beo$ing

independent (Chant, 1997; S!heyens, 2002%

• ono$i gain of touris$ 5obs) inresed bargaining po/er of

/o$en in the household and soiety




Page 7 of !

2.2 o+en e+po/er+ent o&ris+ !ont…

• Atel5evi Peeters &*00;': touris$ is a proess of soial

innovation and added to the positives of touris$ setor by

identifying si. $ain for$s of /o$en e$po/er$ent through

touris$-

!hey are?

i' $ploy$ent opportunityii' Co$$unity develop$ent initiation

iii' Poverty alleviation

iv' Aess to eduation) infor$ation and training)

v' Business develop$ent and

vi' Soial entrepreneurship

!hus) the study of Atel5evi Peeters &*00;' is i$portant in

lin"ing /o$en e$po/er$ent and touris$ /ith

entrepreneurship lens-




Page # of !

*-3 !ouris$ /o$en e$po/er$ent in #aldives

!ouris$ is the $a5or ino$e generating soure) ontributes to 36-7

of the ountry1s %DP-

!ouris$ reated a large nu$ber of e$ploy$ent opportunities both

infor$al and for$al)

largest e$ploy$ent setor of the /or"fore &#!) *0++'-

Despite) opportunity for /or") the touris$ industry onsists only 7

of /o$en in salaried 5obs and is lo/est in the touris$ setor &#!)

*0++'-

!here is la" of statistial data related to e$ploy$ent in the touris$

industry of #aldives &Sha"eela) Ruhanen) and Brea"ey) *0++'




Page $ of !

2.3 o&ris+ /o+en e+po/er+ent in Mal"ies.. !ont..

Sha"eela et al- &*0++' : 2!ouris$ in the #usli$ >orld1 desribes the

/o$en1s involve$ent in the #aldivian touris$ industry fro$ areligious perspetive- Reveals nu$ber of fators /hih li$its

#aldivian /o$en hoosing a areer in the touris$ industry these

inlude: ultural) religious and fa$ily obligation &none.istene of

hildare failities and /ea" transportation syste$s to travel resorts

li$ited aade$i studies : /o$en in touris$ setor #aldives-(atural and ultural differenes a$ong different ountries)

generalisation is i$possible-

An e.tensive study is reuired to address the shorto$ings in lin"ing

the "ey onept together i-e- /o$en) e$po/er$ent) and touris$

setor- As suh) this study intends to further /or" arried out byboth Atel5evi and Peeters &*00;') and Sha"eela et al- &*0++' and

provide researh speifi to /o$en e$po/er$ent in the touris$

setor of #aldives-

!hus) this study /ill be uniue in the onte.t and intends fill the gap

in the e.isting literature-




Page 1% of !

). Research *uestions+ aims , o(-ectives

!o evaluate #aldivian >o$en1s e.perienes of e$po/er$ent in the

touris$ setor)

Researh Euestions

+- Fo/ #aldivian /o$en /ho have e.periene in the touris$ setor

define) and oneptuali=e e$po/er$entG

*- Fo/ does touris$ e$ploy$ent affet the di$ensions of /o$en1s

e$po/er$ent &i.e. psy!holoi!al, e!ono+i!, so!ial an" politi!al'G

3- Fo/ does touris$ e$ploy$ent affet the levels of /o$en1se$po/er$ent &i.e. in"ii"&al leel, ho&sehol" leel an" !o++&nity leel'G

Ai$s b5etives• !o revie/ the literature to underpin /hat is "no/n on /o$en1s

e$po/er$ent speifially /ithin the touris$ onte.t-• !o ritially analyse ho/ /o$an /ith touris$ e.periene in #aldives

define and oneptuali=e e$po/er$ent-• !o e.a$ine ho/ touris$ e$ploy$ent affet the di$ensions of

/o$en1s e$po/er$ent &i.e. psy!holoi!al, e!ono+i!, so!ial an" politi!al'-• !o e.a$ine the effet of touris$ e.periene in different levels of

/o$en1s e$po/er$ent &i.e. in"ii"&al leel, ho&sehol" leel an"

!o++&nity leel'-•

inall%+To conclude how women’s experience in Tourism can (e a tool of empowerment in Maldivian context.




Page 11 of !

!he paradig$: soial onstrutionis$-

hins are a!)no/le"e" or &n"erstoo" 'y so!ieties or ro&ps o# people instea" o# a sinle person an" )no/le"e is !reate" 'y so!ial

pro!esses an" relationships /ithin the !o++&nity proi"in a

#ra+e/or) #or +eanin rear"in !ertain pheno+ena an" +o"ellin

per!eptions o# "esira'le a!tions (Cottone, 2007, aly 2007%-

•

ntology < /hat the nature of "no/ledge Hor realityG• piste$ology ho/ /orld is a"no/ledged) H relationship

bet/een the researher and things to be studiedG• #ethodology ho/ "no/ledge about the /orld is obtainedG

#ethods: Case study < #aldives as a ase

Se$istrutured intervie/

Sa$pling: Conveniene Sa$pling? Sno/ ball

>o$en /ho /or"ed for 6 years in touris$

Analysis: @nitial Coding) foused oding) theoretial oding (I@I

thial onsiderations

Pilot study: 3 intervie/s to he" the uestions

/. Research Methodolo$%




Page 12 of !

- partiipants /ill be reruited by resorts) there $ay be a

possibility of $anage$ent influene-- !i$e an be li$ited this /ill be $ini$ised by using telephone

intervie/s in ase site visits are not possible due to bad /eather

or other ondition-

0. Limitations

. Resources Reuired!his study: /ill reuire the follo/ing resoures

ibrary servies and support

Co$puting failities &#s >ord) .el) Po/erPoint) et-'

Printing failities

Photoopying failities Reording failities

Stationery

Photographi euip$ent

!ravel e.penses on the return 5ourney to different islands of

the #aldives that /ill be sponsored by the Sun Joundation

&#aldives'-




Page 13 of !

3. Wor4flow Time ta(le




Page 1 of !

3. References




Page 1! of !

3. References




Page 1" of 17

5. 6c4nowled$ement



Than4 %ou

Documents

Confirmation Seminar Presentation_Rafiyya