Cong Nghe Len Men Pho Mai

8/9/2019 Cong Nghe Len Men Pho Mai

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CONG NGHE LEN MENCONG NGHE LEN MENTRUYEN THONGTRUYEN THONG

GVGD: Co Nguyen Thuy HngGVGD: Co Nguyen Thuy HngSV: oan Ngoc CngSV: oan Ngoc CngNguyen Th Thu HienNguyen Th Thu Hieno Th Tng Vyo Th Tng Vy


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NOI DUNGNOI DUNG1.1. Gii thieu chung ve pho maiGii thieu chung ve pho mai2.2. Vsv s dung trong san xuatVsv s dung trong san xuat

pho maipho mai3.3. Nguyen lieu san xuat pho maiNguyen lieu san xuat pho mai4.4. Ban chat sinh hoa c cheBan chat sinh hoa c che5.5. Qui trnh sx chat lng sanQui trnh sx chat lng sanphampham


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1.1. Gii thiuGii thiuPho mai mt dng thc n giauPho mai mt dng thc n giaudinh dng c ch bin t sa vadinh dng c ch bin t sa vacng la mt phng phap bocng la mt phng phap boqun sa.qun sa.Pho mai la sn phm c hay banPho mai la sn phm c hay banlng dng ti hay chn c lam t lng dng ti hay chn c lam t vic ong tu sa bng rennet hayvic ong tu sa bng rennet haycac chat gay ong tu khac roicac chat gay ong tu khac roilam rao nclam rao nc


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V lch s hnh thanhV lch s hnh thanh

Pho mai c lam t khoang 7000 Pho mai c lam t khoang 7000 4000 nam trc cong nguyen4000 nam trc cong nguyenDo kham pha cua cac lai buonDo kham pha cua cac lai buonngi A Rap ve kha nang ongngi A Rap ve kha nang ongtu sa bang da day cutu sa bang da day cuNgi chau A a mang nghe thuatNgi chau A a mang nghe thuat

lam pho mai en chau Aulam pho mai en chau AuPho mai c lam nhieu ni cacPho mai c lam nhieu ni cac

nc e quoc La Ma sau o giinc e quoc La Ma sau o giithieu sang Anh quocthieu sang Anh quoc


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V lch s hnh thanhV lch s hnh thanh

Trong suot thi trung co, nghe thuat lam Trong suot thi trung co, nghe thuat lampho mai c bao ton va cai bien cacpho mai c bao ton va cai bien cactu vien chau Autu vien chau AuViec xam chiem thuoc a cua ngi chauViec xam chiem thuoc a cua ngi chau

Au a a nghe thuat nay i khap ni trenAu a a nghe thuat nay i khap ni trenthe giithe giiNgay nay c sn xut khp ni ch yu laNgay nay c sn xut khp ni ch yu lachau Au va M vi hn 10 triu tn moi nmchau Au va M vi hn 10 triu tn moi nmva 500 loi khac nhauva 500 loi khac nhau


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PHAN LOAIPHAN LOAIDa vao cng ca pho mai:Da vao cng ca pho mai:

Loi rt cng (o am di 41%)Loi rt cng (o am di 41%)Loi cng (49 56 %)Loi cng (49 56 %)Loai ban cng (54 -63%)Loai ban cng (54 -63%)Loi ban mm (61 69%)Loi ban mm (61 69%)

Loi mm ( > 67%)Loi mm ( > 67%)Da vao lng beo trong sn phm:Da vao lng beo trong sn phm:Beo cao (o beo > 60%)Beo cao (o beo > 60%)y beo (45-60%)y beo (45-60%)

Beo va (25 45%)Beo va (25 45%)Beo thp ( 10 25%)Beo thp ( 10 25%)Loai khong beo (< 10%)Loai khong beo (< 10%)


7/29

PHAN LOAIPHAN LOAI

Da vao phng thc sn xut:Da vao phng thc sn xut:Pho mai tiPho mai tiPho mai u chnPho mai u chn

Ngoai ra, con co mt loi pho maiNgoai ra, con co mt loi pho maic bit la pho mai nu chy cc bit la pho mai nu chy csn xut t cac loi pho mai khacsn xut t cac loi pho mai khac


8/29

22 .. VSV s dng trong sn xutVSV s dng trong sn xutpho maipho mai

Vi khun lactic:Vi khun lactic: Lactobacillus: L.lactic, L.bulgaricus,Lactobacillus: L.lactic, L.bulgaricus,L.helveticus, L.caseiL.helveticus, L.casei

Streptococus: S.lacticStreptococus: S.lactic subspsubsp diacetilactic, S. cremoris,diacetilactic, S. cremoris,S.thermophillusS.thermophillus

LeuconostocLeuconostocLa nhng vi khuan a am hoac aLa nhng vi khuan a am hoac anhiet vi c che len men ongnhiet vi c che len men onghnh hoac d hnhhnh hoac d hnhVai tro: tao acid lactic trong qua trnhVai tro: tao acid lactic trong qua trnhlen men gop phan gay ong tu len men gop phan gay ong tu

sa va tao o chua cho khoi ongsa va tao o chua cho khoi ong


9/29

Mot so chung con tham gia vao qua trnh chuyenMot so chung con tham gia vao qua trnh chuyenhoa acid citric, qua trnh phan giai protein e taohoa acid citric, qua trnh phan giai protein e taonen gia tr cam quan va cac ch tieu hoa l acnen gia tr cam quan va cac ch tieu hoa l actrng cho pho mai thanh phamtrng cho pho mai thanh pham

Nm mc:Nm mc: Penicillium candidum, P.glaucum, P.roqueforti,Penicillium candidum, P.glaucum, P.roqueforti,P.cammenberiP.cammenberi

Chung san sinh cac proteolytic va lipolytic giup choChung san sinh cac proteolytic va lipolytic giup choqua trnh chn ti va tao hng v ac trngqua trnh chn ti va tao hng v ac trng

Ngoai ra con gop phan cho viec trung hoa pHNgoai ra con gop phan cho viec trung hoa pHcua san pham e thch hp cho hoat ongcua san pham e thch hp cho hoat ongcua cac enzyme tao muicua cac enzyme tao mui


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Nhom vi khuan propionic: giong propionibacterium c s dung giai oan uchn trong mot so loai pho mai vi muc chtao nen nhng lo hong trong cau trucmot so pho mai cng va gop phan taonen hng v ac trng cho san pham Cac VSV khac: c b sung vao to mau,to mui c trng cho tng loi pho mai.

V d nh: vi khunV d nh: vi khun BrevibacteriumBrevibacterium dung todung tomau cho pho mai, mt s loi nm men s dngmau cho pho mai, mt s loi nm men s dngcho vic to hng.cho vic to hng.


11/29

3. Nguyen liu dung 3. Nguyen liu dung sn xut phomaisn xut phomai

Sa: sabo, sa de, sa cudiSa: sabo, sa de, sa cudidang sa ti, sa tach mot phandang sa ti, sa tach mot phanbeo hoac sa gaybeo hoac sa gay

Yeu cau: Yeu cau:

+ Sa phai c thu nhan t nhng+ Sa phai c thu nhan t nhngong vat khoe manh, khong chaong vat khoe manh, khong chakhang sinh va bacteriophagekhang sinh va bacteriophage+ Khong b nhiem ban cac chat+ Khong b nhiem ban cac chat

tay ra, chat sat trung t dung cu tay ra, chat sat trung t dung cu cha hoac ng ong van chuyencha hoac ng ong van chuyen+ Ham lng casein trong sa: sa+ Ham lng casein trong sa: saco ham lng casein cang cao thco ham lng casein cang cao th

hieu suat thu hoi pho mai cang cao.hieu suat thu hoi pho mai cang cao.


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Chat beo: e san xuat pho mai co ham lngChat beo: e san xuat pho mai co ham lngbeo cao ngi ta phai them cream hoac b sa.beo cao ngi ta phai them cream hoac b sa.Cac chat beo nay can phai at yeu cauCac chat beo nay can phai at yeu caunghiem ngat ve ch tieu VSVnghiem ngat ve ch tieu VSV

Tac nhan ong tu sa: enzyme rennet lahn hp Tac nhan ong tu sa: enzyme rennet lahn hpca chymosin vapepsinca chymosin vapepsin- Chymsin co nguon goc t da day cua be con- Chymsin co nguon goc t da day cua be con

- Be ln co cha pepsinogen c hot hoa thanh- Be ln co cha pepsinogen c hot hoa thanhpepsinpepsinNgay nay, Rennet c tng hp t VSV nh:Ngay nay, Rennet c tng hp t VSV nh: Mucor Mucor

pusillus, Mucor miehei, Edothia parasitica pusillus, Mucor miehei, Edothia parasitica lam gim lam gimgia thanh nhng v ca sn phm hi nggia thanh nhng v ca sn phm hi ng


13/29

Giong VSVGiong VSVPhu gia va cac nguyen lieu khac:Phu gia va cac nguyen lieu khac:

CaCl2: ion Ca2+ co vai tro quan trong trongCaCl2: ion Ca2+ co vai tro quan trong trongqua trnh ong tu casein. Ngi ta boqua trnh ong tu casein. Ngi ta bosung Ca2+ di dang muoi CaCl2 e hieusung Ca2+ di dang muoi CaCl2 e hieuchnh thi gian ong tuva cau truc,chnh thi gian ong tuva cau truc,o cng cua khoi ongo cng cua khoi ongCO2:CO2:

Lam giam nhe pH cua sa.Lam giam nhe pH cua sa.Rut ngan thi gian ong tu caseinRut ngan thi gian ong tu casein

Tiet kiem c lng chymosin can s Tiet kiem c lng chymosin can sdungdung


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NaNO3 hoac KNO3 :NaNO3 hoac KNO3 :S dung nh mot tac nhan c cheS dung nh mot tac nhan c cheVSVnhiem trong sa.VSVnhiem trong sa.Ham lng toi a cho phep la 30g/Ham lng toi a cho phep la 30g/

100kg sa.100kg sa.Neu s dung muoi nitrit qua nhieu seNeu s dung muoi nitrit qua nhieu segay v khong tot cho san pham vagay v khong tot cho san pham vacung co the c che giong VSV scung co the c che giong VSV sdung trong san xuat pho mai.dung trong san xuat pho mai.

Chat mau: c s dung e on nhChat mau: c s dung e on nhmau sac cho pho mai, thng s dungmau sac cho pho mai, thng s dungcac chat mau t nhien nh: carotenoidscac chat mau t nhien nh: carotenoidshoac chlorophyllehoac chlorophylle


15/29

Nhng nguyen lieu khac:Nhng nguyen lieu khac:ng saccharose, nc epng saccharose, nc eptrai cay, mt trai cay, mattrai cay, mt trai cay, mat

onglam a dang hoa hngonglam a dang hoa hngv cua san pham.v cua san pham.


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4.4. Bn cht sinh hoa c Bn cht sinh hoa c ch ch S hnh thanh khoi ong cua sa:S hnh thanh khoi ong cua sa:

Sa b ong von do hoat ong cuaSa b ong von do hoat ong cuachymosin theo c che:chymosin theo c che:Enzyme pha huy phan t casein moiEnzyme pha huy phan t casein moinoi peptide chuyen biet Phe Met noi peptide chuyen biet Phe Met khoang aa 105 106 cuakhoang aa 105 106 cua casein taocasein tao

thanh 2 oan: on ln co tnh acid vaonthanh 2 oan: on ln co tnh acid vaonparapara casein co tnh kimcasein co tnh kimS gii phong phan t peptide on ln aS gii phong phan t peptide on ln anc lam gim in tch b mt lam c chnc lam gim in tch b mt lam c chcac micell li vi nhau, 80% casein b phancac micell li vi nhau, 80% casein b phangii th khi ong tu sa s hnh thanh.gii th khi ong tu sa s hnh thanh.


17/29

ong tu bi acid lactic:ong tu bi acid lactic:

VK lactic chuyen lactose acidVK lactic chuyen lactose acidlactic lam giam pH cua sa.lactic lam giam pH cua sa.Khi iem ang ien cua caseinKhi iem ang ien cua casein

at c pH 4,6 se xay ra quaat c pH 4,6 se xay ra quatrnh ket tu trnh ket tu o cng cua khoi ong cono cng cua khoi ong conphu thuoc vao mot so yeu tophu thuoc vao mot so yeu tonh thanh phan protein trong sa,nh thanh phan protein trong sa,pH, nong o ion CapH, nong o ion Ca


18/29

QUI TRNH SAN XUAT PHOMAI


19/29

QUI TRNH SX PHO MAI MEM KHONGU CHN

Sa ti

Chuan hoa

Thanh trung

Cay giong

Giong VK lactic Len men

ong tu

Tach huyet thanh sa

Khuay tron

Rot san pham

Huyetthanh saCream

Cac nguyen lieuphu khac

Bao bPho maiPho mai

BlancBlanc

S i


20/29

X ly nhiet

Chuan hoa

Len men s bo Thanh trung

Cay giong & len men

ong tu

Tach s bo huyetthanh sa

o khuon & tachhuyet thanh

Tach khuon

p muoi

Cay giong

U chn

Bao goi

Sa ti

Pho mai

Huyetthanhsa

Nhan giong

Nam siP.camemberti

Vi khuanlactic

NhangiongVi khuan lactic,

nam men Geotricumcandium

NhangiongRennet


21/29

YEU CAU CHAT LNG CUA YEU CAU CHAT LNG CUAPHO MAIPHO MAI

CAMEMBERTCAMEMBERTac tnh vat ly va cam quan:sanac tnh vat ly va cam quan:sanpham dang ban ran(semi solid) ,khongpham dang ban ran(semi solid) ,khongco cac lo kh, mau trang, mui acidco cac lo kh, mau trang, mui acidva mui moc nhe va mui moc nhe ac tnh hoa hoc : nc 51%, muoi anac tnh hoa hoc : nc 51%, muoi an3,7% ,canxi 380 mg trong 100 g, pH 6,9.3,7% ,canxi 380 mg trong 100 g, pH 6,9.

Thi han s dung: 2 3 tuan Thi han s dung: 2 3 tuan

San xuat:san xuat cong nghiep hangSan xuat:san xuat cong nghiep hangnam 180 tannam 180 tanS dung: mon an themS dung: mon an them


22/29

Vi khuan lactic

Nhan giong

YEU CAU CHAT LNG CUA


23/29

YEU CAU CHAT LNG CUA YEU CAU CHAT LNG CUAPHO MAI CHEDDARPHO MAI CHEDDAR

ac tnh vat ly va cam quan: dang ban ran(semi-ac tnh vat ly va cam quan: dang ban ran(semi-solid), khong co tui kh, mau trang hoac mau kem,solid), khong co tui kh, mau trang hoac mau kem,mui chua (acidlactic), cho giav va cac tinh dau tuy y.mui chua (acidlactic), cho giav va cac tinh dau tuy y.ac tnh hoa hoc: nc 79%, muoi an 1%, canxi 90mg/g,ac tnh hoa hoc: nc 79%, muoi an 1%, canxi 90mg/g,pH = 4,6pH = 4,6Gia tr dinh dng;calo 80, lipit 0,4-4%, protein 17%,Gia tr dinh dng;calo 80, lipit 0,4-4%, protein 17%,lactose 1,4%, vit.A 3 microgam, vit.B1 50 microgam, vit.B2lactose 1,4%, vit.A 3 microgam, vit.B1 50 microgam, vit.B2280 microgam/100g san pham280 microgam/100g san pham

Thi han s dung:4 tuan nhiet o 1oC Thi han s dung:4 tuan nhiet o 1oCSan xuat: san xuat cong nghiep c gii hoa cao 5000San xuat: san xuat cong nghiep c gii hoa cao 5000tan/nam(1981 1982)tan/nam(1981 1982)S dung:mon an phu S dung:mon an phu


24/29

Sa & cac

san phamt sa

Pho mainguyen

lieu

X ly

Gia nhiet &khuay tron

o khuon

Lam nguoi

Cat & bao goi

Pho

mainau

Hinc

Phu gia

Bao b


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Cong Nghe Len Men Pho Mai