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Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.
Lymphatic System
Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.
Determinants of Lymph Flow
• The degree of activity of the lymphatic pump
- smooth muscle filaments in lymph vessel cause them to contract
- external compression also contributes to lymphatic pumping
Figure 16-11; Guyton and Hall
Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.
Determinants of Lymph Flow
Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure Lymph Flow
Figure 16-9; Guyton and Hall
Figure 16-10; Guyton and Hall
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Factors affecting Central Venous Pressure
Figure 15-9; Guyton and Hall
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Venous Pressure in the Body
Figure 15-10; Guyton and Hall
Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.
Venous Valves
Valve
Deep vein
Perforating vein
Superficialvein
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Cardiac Output Curves
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NORMAL
HYPEREFFECTIVE
-4 0 +4 +8
25
20
15
10
5
0
CA
RD
IAC
OU
TP
UT
(L
/min
)
RIGHT ATRIAL PRESSURE (mmHg)
HYPOEFFECTIVE
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Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.
• Plateau of CO curve determined by heart strength (contractility + HR) Sympathetics
plateau Parasympathetics (HR)
Plateau
• Heart hypertrophy ’s plateau
• Myocardial infarction plateau)
• Plateau
The Cardiac Output Curve
Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.
• Point at which plateau occurs on CO curve is determined by heart strength (contractility and HR)
Sympathetics plateau
Parasympathetics (HR) plateau)
Heart hypertrophy ’s plateau
Myocardial infarction plateau)
The Cardiac Output Curve
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Arterial Baroreceptor Reflex
Blood Pressure
ArterialBaroreceptors
VasomotorCenter
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Anatomy of the Baroreceptors
Figure 18-5; Guyton and Hall
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Response of the Baroreceptors to Arterial Pressure
Figure 18-6; Guyton and Hall
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Response of the Baroreceptors to Pressure
Constrict
Common Carotids
Constrictors
Pressure at
Carotid Sinuses Arterial Pressure
Figure 18-5; Guyton and Hall Figure 18-7; Guyton and Hall
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Functions of the Baroreceptors• Maintains relatively constant pressure despite changes in
body posture.
DecreaseCardiac Output
Sensed ByBaroreceptors
Supine StandingDecreaseCentral
Blood Volume
VasomotorCenter
SympatheticNervous Activity
DecreaseArterial Pressure
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Carotid and Aortic Chemoreceptors
Sympatheticactivity
Chemoreceptors VMCO2CO2pH
BP
Figure 18-5; Guyton and Hall
