Course: 연구기초특론

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연구기법

강사: 김형원 교수 / 전자공학부

Email: hwkim@cbnu.ac.kr

Phone: 043-261-2399

Office: 교육관 E10 413

AGENDA

� How to Select Research Topic (연구목표연구목표연구목표연구목표 설정설정설정설정)

� How to Find Reference Papers (참고문헌조사참고문헌조사참고문헌조사참고문헌조사 )

� How to Write a Research Proposal (연구제안서작성연구제안서작성연구제안서작성연구제안서작성)

� How to Conduct Research Work (연구수행연구수행연구수행연구수행)

� How to Write Research Report (연구결과보고서작성연구결과보고서작성연구결과보고서작성연구결과보고서작성)

� How to Publish Research Result (연구결과게재연구결과게재연구결과게재연구결과게재)

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WHAT IS RESEARCH?

� An art of investigation of new and innovative aspects of

any branch of knowledge

� Comprises of

� defining and redefining problems

� formulating hypothesis

� collecting and analyzing data

� suggesting solutions

� deriving, experimenting, and eventually validating the

hypothesis

� deducing new conclusions

� Also search for knowledge through objective and

systematic method of finding solution to a problem

� Developing foundational theories.

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METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH

� Selecting a research topic

� Types of research efforts

� How to find and read papers?

� Writing Research Proposals

� Problem formulation

� Research approaches

� Evaluation and validation

� Writing Technical Papers

� Conference and Journal Publications

� Presenting Papers

� Collaborative Research

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� For a beginning graduate student …

� Finding an appropriate research topic is the most important problem, and

often the biggest obstacle …

� When your thesis manuscript is submitted to the reviewers, they will

determine, whether

� the research has been worth doing,

� you have created new scientific results, and

� the presentation is clear and adheres to scientific conventions

� If all these findings are positive, they will end their statements

� “…as the conclusion I recommend granting Ms./Mr. X the permission to

publish the manuscript and to defend it publicly as her/his thesis”5

HOW TO SELECT RESEARCH TOPIC

(연구목표 설정)

Finding a Topic of Your Master or Ph.D. Thesis Topic

� If selecting the research topic is so important, why to leave that into

the hands of an inexperienced graduate student? Indeed…

� If your professor/thesis advisor is active in his field

� he/she should have plenty of research ideas in his area,

� should be able to point out a rough topic to start with,

� should be able to sketch the expected scientific findings,

� and have a back-up plan if the initial topic runs into difficulties

� Good to know:

� over 80% of doctoral theses are made in research groups

� research groups are likely to provide stable funding

� but life with a lone-wolf professor can be exciting

� (do I really need the professor?)

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HOW TO SELECT RESEARCH TOPIC

(연구목표 설정)

ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW IN THE BEGINNING (1)

� Almost nothing is new

� first, figure out your idea or what you have done,

� then go to the electronic data bases and find it there,

�and tell your findings to your professor, in your papers, and thesis

� Write your reports, papers and thesis in the order of decreasing

believability to ensure the maximum reusability for yourself

� first, describe the research problem

� then tell what the earlier peer-reviewed results are

�add your own results and methodology

�only ”discussion” can contain unverified hypotheses

� Learn the scientific use of language

� ”obviously, probably, certainly, undoubtedly”

= you don’t know what you are talking about

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� Never jump into the conclusions

� always write ”discussion” before conclusions

� Don’t write detective stories

� always tell your novel results in the beginning of your presentations

� … and use the remaining time to prove their validity

� Mine all the gold and ask the right questions

� try to extract everything you can from your data

� and try to see whether someone has not done that for his data

� Most important: generate ideas and work on them

� be creative

� …don’t waste all your time reading other people’s papers

� but don’t fall in love with your first own idea

”Chance favors a prepared mind”(Louis Pasteur)8

ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW IN THE BEGINNING (2)

EXAMPLES ON FINDING RESEARCH TOPICS

� Example 1: Transform domain motion estimation for video coding

� New ideas on old foundations

� Example 2: Energy-efficient architectures for mobile devices

� Trying to change the paradigms of computer and software architectures

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EXAMPLE 1: TRANSFORM DOMAIN MOTION

ESTIMATION -BACKGROUND

� Most video coding standards rely on hybrid block based transform coding methods

� A key technique in achieving good compression efficiency: motion estimation

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� The best motion estimation method is ”full-search” via correlation, but it is very

expensive [O(M*M*N*N)]

� Other techniques compromise compression efficiency, but reduce computational

complexity by being partial search solutions

Hypothesis: low cost implementation of full-search is possible

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EXAMPLE 1:

MOTION ESTIMATION FOR VIDEO CODING

HOW TO FIND REFERENCE PAPERS (참고문헌조사 )

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HOW TO FIND REFERENCE PAPERS (참고문헌조사 )

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Example 1: Is this field really fully understood?

Example 1: has someone already done this?

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HOW TO FIND REFERENCE PAPERS (참고문헌조사 )

Example 1: research plan: start of the hard work

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HOW TO FIND REFERENCE PAPERS (참고문헌조사 )

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HOW TO FIND REFERENCE PAPERS (참고문헌조사 )

Example 1: literature search (cont’d)

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HOW TO FIND REFERENCE PAPERS (참고문헌조사 )

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EXAMPLE 1: LITERATURE SEARCH (CONT’D)

EXAMPLE 1: ANALYSIS

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EXAMPLE 1: ANALYSIS (CONT’D)-

THE IDEA = THE KEY CONTRIBUTION

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EXAMPLE 1: ANALYSIS (CONT’D) - THE

VALUE OF CONTRIBUTIONS

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EXAMPLE 1: ANALYSIS (CONT’D)

- THE CONCLUSIONS BASED ON EXPERIMENTS

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EXAMPLE 1: READ THE PAPER IN

REFEREEING MODE (1)

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EXAMPLE 1: READ THE PAPER IN

REFEREEING MODE (2)

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EXAMPLE 1: ANALYSE THE REFERENCES

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EXAMPLE 1: ANALYSIS OF REFERENCES

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HOW TO WRITE A RESEARCH

PROPOSAL (연구제안서작성)

� Why write a proposal?

� Approval

� Funding

� Refine ideas / Methods

� Who is the audience?

� Different from a research paper

� Verb tense (Future tense)

� No Analyzed data

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COMPONENTS OF PROPOSAL

� Introduction / 연구개요연구개요연구개요연구개요

� Research Questions / 연구목적연구목적연구목적연구목적 및및및및 문제문제문제문제

� Importance / 연구의연구의연구의연구의 필요성필요성필요성필요성

� Current Knowledge / 관련관련관련관련 기술기술기술기술

� Hypothesis

� Rationale

� Method

� Design

� Sample

� Materials

� Procedures

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COMPONENTS OF PROPOSAL

� Data Analyses

� What scores / data will be used

� What tests used for analysis

� Expected pattern of results

� Discussion

� Restate expected outcome (hypothesis)

� What would limit the conclusions that could be drawn

� If results were consistent with expectations?

� If results were not consistent with expectations?

� Potential implications of results?

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국내 연구과제 제안서 목차 (예)

☞☞☞☞ 작성내용작성내용작성내용작성내용

1111)))) 수행하려는수행하려는수행하려는수행하려는 연구개발과제와연구개발과제와연구개발과제와연구개발과제와 관련되는관련되는관련되는관련되는 국내국내국내국내····외외외외 연구현황연구현황연구현황연구현황,,,, 문제점문제점문제점문제점 및및및및 전망전망전망전망 등에등에등에등에 관하여관하여관하여관하여 기술기술기술기술

2222)))) 국국국국내내내내 연구개발의연구개발의연구개발의연구개발의 필요성을필요성을필요성을필요성을 구체적으로구체적으로구체적으로구체적으로 기술기술기술기술

※※※※ ‘‘‘‘평가학문분야평가학문분야평가학문분야평가학문분야’’’’를를를를 융합연구분야융합연구분야융합연구분야융합연구분야 내내내내 전문분야로전문분야로전문분야로전문분야로 지정한지정한지정한지정한 과제의과제의과제의과제의 경우경우경우경우 융합연구의융합연구의융합연구의융합연구의 필요성필요성필요성필요성,,,, 연구주제의연구주제의연구주제의연구주제의융합성융합성융합성융합성,,,, 융융융융

합합합합연구로서의연구로서의연구로서의연구로서의적합성적합성적합성적합성등을등을등을등을상세히상세히상세히상세히기술기술기술기술

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1. 1. 1. 1. 연구의연구의연구의연구의 필요성필요성필요성필요성

☞☞☞☞ 작성내용작성내용작성내용작성내용

1111)))) 현안현안현안현안해결해결해결해결,,,,기존지식기존지식기존지식기존지식개선개선개선개선,,,,기존기존기존기존원리의원리의원리의원리의새로운새로운새로운새로운규명규명규명규명,,,,새로운새로운새로운새로운원리에원리에원리에원리에기반한기반한기반한기반한차세대차세대차세대차세대지식지식지식지식,,,,완전히완전히완전히완전히새로운새로운새로운새로운발견발견발견발견////발명발명발명발명등을등을등을등을

중심으로중심으로중심으로중심으로제출과제의제출과제의제출과제의제출과제의창의성창의성창의성창의성····도전성을도전성을도전성을도전성을기술함기술함기술함기술함

2. 2. 2. 2. 연구목표의연구목표의연구목표의연구목표의 창의성창의성창의성창의성····도전성도전성도전성도전성

☞☞☞☞ 작성내용작성내용작성내용작성내용

1111)))) 연구개발의연구개발의연구개발의연구개발의 연차별연차별연차별연차별 연구내용연구내용연구내용연구내용,,,, 추진일정추진일정추진일정추진일정 등을등을등을등을 기술기술기술기술

3. 3. 3. 3. 연구계획연구계획연구계획연구계획 내용내용내용내용

☞☞☞☞ 작성내용작성내용작성내용작성내용1111)))) 연구목표연구목표연구목표연구목표 달성을달성을달성을달성을 위한위한위한위한 추진전략추진전략추진전략추진전략,,,, 연구방법연구방법연구방법연구방법 및및및및 추진절차를추진절차를추진절차를추진절차를 자유롭게자유롭게자유롭게자유롭게 기술함기술함기술함기술함2) 2) 2) 2) 연구목표연구목표연구목표연구목표 달성을달성을달성을달성을 위한위한위한위한 연구진연구진연구진연구진 구성체계구성체계구성체계구성체계 및및및및 역할에역할에역할에역할에 대하여대하여대하여대하여 자유롭게자유롭게자유롭게자유롭게 기술함기술함기술함기술함

4. 4. 4. 4. 연구의연구의연구의연구의 추진전략추진전략추진전략추진전략 및및및및 방법방법방법방법

☞☞☞☞ 작성내용작성내용작성내용작성내용

1111)))) 제안된제안된제안된제안된연구가연구가연구가연구가추진되었을추진되었을추진되었을추진되었을경우의경우의경우의경우의학문적학문적학문적학문적////기술적기술적기술적기술적파급효과파급효과파급효과파급효과등을등을등을등을자유롭게자유롭게자유롭게자유롭게기술함기술함기술함기술함

5. 5. 5. 5. 연구결과의연구결과의연구결과의연구결과의 활용방안활용방안활용방안활용방안

국책과제 일반적 제안서 내용

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1. 기술개발의 목표 및 내용

1-1. 최종목표 및 평가방법1-2. 연차별 개발목표 및 개발내용

2. 기술개발 추진방법, 전략 및 체계

2-1. 기술개발 추진방법․전략2-2. 기술개발 추진체계2-3. 기술개발팀 편성도2-4. 추진 일정

3. 수행기관 현황

3-1. 총괄책임자3-2. 참여연구원 현황3-3. 연구시설/연구장비 보유 현황 및연구실 안전조치 이행계획3-4. 기관(기업) 정보 현황

4. 사업화 계획4-1. 생산 계획4-2. 투자 계획4-3. 사업화 전략

5. 총사업비5-1. 연차별 총괄5-2. 민간부담금(현금, 현물) 분담 내역5-3. 정부출연금 배분 및 민간부담금(현금, 현물) 배분 내역

6. 1차년도 사업비 비목별 세부내역6-1. 1차년도 비목별 총괄6-2. 1차년도 비목별 소요명세(주관기관용)6-3. 1차년도 비목별 소요명세(참여기관용)

� 목차목차목차목차 (예예예예)

HOW TO CONDUCT RESEARCH WORK

(연구수행)

� Qualitative Analysis

� Quantitative Analysis

� Write paper first then do research

� (1) Idea � Do Research � Write Paper

� (2) Idea � Write Paper � Do Research

� Communicate with advisors and other colleagues

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QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

� Describe given problem qualitatively first

� Explain previous solutions qualitatively

� Analyze the weakness of the previous solutions

� Find an improved new solution

� Describe how the new solution works better than the

previous solutions

� If no previous solution exists, find a first solution and

describe how it solves the problem qualitatively

� Patents usually are described with quantitative analysis

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QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

� In General, Qualitative Analysis first, than Quantitative

� Analyze given problem and measurement results

quantitatively

� Explain previous solution’s results quantitatively

� Show the result or improvement of the previous solutions

quantitatively

� Find an improved new solution

� Estimate how the new solution compares with the previous

solutions in number of units

� Papers almost always need quantitative analysis results

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WRITE FIRST, DO RESEARCH LATER

� Fallacy

� You need to have a fantastic idea before you can write a paper

� Write a paper first, do the research later

� (1) Idea � Do Research � Write Paper : Not good but more

general

� (2) Idea � Write Paper � Do Research

� If the Research Result proves your idea, finish the paper and

publish

� Otherwise, modify the idea � repeat (2)

� Write Patents

� Write a Patent first, then Write a paper

� Writing patent needs only idea, no experimental results

� Search existing patents and confirm your idea is brand new

� Writing paper becomes easier

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PROBLEM FORMULATION

� Formulate phenomena of problem or behavior of system

in a mathematical or logical model

� Problem formulation leads to a good technical approach

to problem-solving

� Problem formulation makes finding solution easier

� Problem formulation makes comparison of different

solutions easier

� Problem formulation incurs theoretical foundation of the

problem and solution

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RESEARCH APPROACHES

� Mathematical or Analytical Approach

� When fundamental theory is found

� When results or phenomena exactly match with a theory or

hypothesis

� Simulation based Approach

� When mathematical analysis needs verification with a large set

of simulation data

� When we cannot find a fundamental theory, but simulation can

show improvement of a solution

� When experiments with real implementations are not practical

� Experiment and Measurement based Approach

� When simulation model is not accurate

� When a solution improves the weakness of previous

implementations and measurements

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USING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS

� Math Tools

� Tools: Mathematica, MathWorks, Matlab

� Simulation based Approach

� Tools: Matlab, Simulink, C/C++/C#, SystemC, Verilog, VHDL,

Ansys

� Implementation based Approach

� Tools: C/C++/C#, Verilog, VHDL, Synopsys Design Complier

(DC), Cadence Virtuoso

� Equipment: FPGA Board, Semiconductor device fabrication,

Measurement equipments

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EVALUATION AND VALIDATION

� Prove your results are correct

� If empirical result, prove it by qualitative and quantitative

analysis.

� If analytical result, prove it mathematically

� Show the assumptions during the experiments and simulations

� Evaluation of your work

� Only your result is the same as no result

� Compare with other people’s work

� If no previous work exists, generate it your self

� To show the improvement of your idea

� Paper vs Patent

� Paper always requires a comparison with other results

� Patent does not require.

� But it would be better to show the improvement at least by

qualitatively analysis � To persuade the patent reviewers

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WRITING TECHNICAL PAPERS

PATENT (특허)

� 발명자발명자발명자발명자 (학생학생학생학생, 교수님교수님교수님교수님)

� 특허특허특허특허 발명기술서발명기술서발명기술서발명기술서 (한국특허한국특허한국특허한국특허 예예예예)

� 발명발명발명발명 제목제목제목제목 / 영문제목영문제목영문제목영문제목 / 발명자명발명자명발명자명발명자명

� 발명기술서발명기술서발명기술서발명기술서

� 배경기술배경기술배경기술배경기술및및및및기존기술기존기술기존기술기존기술설명설명설명설명

� 발명의발명의발명의발명의도면도면도면도면 (그림그림그림그림)

� 상세도상세도상세도상세도 (그림그림그림그림)

� 발명의발명의발명의발명의설명설명설명설명

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� 지정변리사지정변리사지정변리사지정변리사 (특허변리사특허변리사특허변리사특허변리사)

� 특허특허특허특허 명세서명세서명세서명세서 (한국특허한국특허한국특허한국특허 예예예예)

� 발명발명발명발명 제목제목제목제목 / 영문제목영문제목영문제목영문제목 / 발명자발명자발명자발명자 / 출원인출원인출원인출원인

�명세서명세서명세서명세서

� 발명의발명의발명의발명의명칭명칭명칭명칭

� 발명의발명의발명의발명의상세상세상세상세설명설명설명설명

� 기술분야기술분야기술분야기술분야

� 배경기술배경기술배경기술배경기술

� 발명의내용발명의내용발명의내용발명의내용 / 해결하고자해결하고자해결하고자해결하고자하는하는하는하는과제과제과제과제

� 과제과제과제과제해결해결해결해결수단수단수단수단

� 발명의발명의발명의발명의효과효과효과효과

� 상세도상세도상세도상세도 (그림그림그림그림)

� 도명의도명의도명의도명의간단한간단한간단한간단한설명설명설명설명

� 발명을발명을발명을발명을실시하기실시하기실시하기실시하기위한위한위한위한구체적인구체적인구체적인구체적인내용내용내용내용

� 특허청구범위특허청구범위특허청구범위특허청구범위

� 요약서요약서요약서요약서

� 요약요약요약요약

� 대표도대표도대표도대표도 (그림그림그림그림)

충북대충북대충북대충북대산학협력단산학협력단산학협력단산학협력단

기술사업화팀기술사업화팀기술사업화팀기술사업화팀

(특허팀특허팀특허팀특허팀)

TO BE A GOOD RESEARCHER

� Study Previous Work

� Select right research topic

� Use tools

� Quick way to prove your ideas

� Compare the Results

� No comparison, no results, no body trusts

� Write Down Ideas

� First write your ideas, even the expected conclusions

� Discuss Ideas

� Best way to learn from people, and find flaws in your ideas

� Last Words

� Think about your work all the time

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