Cuong Yeu Gioi Luat - HT Thien Sieu

8/3/2019 Cuong Yeu Gioi Luat - HT Thien Sieu

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CNG YU GII LUTNh Xut Bn Tn Gio 2002

HT.Thin Siu---o0o---Ngun

http://thuvienhoasen.orgChuyn sang ebook 7-7-2009

Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin [email protected] Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org

Mc LcLI NI U01 - Cng yu Gii lut (01-17)

1. Th tnh ng nht.2. Tm hng T kheo3. nh cng gii v o cng gii4. Nguyn nhn Pht ch gii Bit gii thot

5. Mi li ch ca vic ch gii6. Gii th nht: bt dm7. Gii th hai: bt o8. Gii th ba: bt st9. Gii th t: bt vng ng10. Gii lut11. Bn khoa ca gii12. Bit gii, thng gii13. Th Tn dit 14. Tn T-kheo Bt-nan- vui mng15. Kit tp ln I

16. Tn gi A-nan chng A-la-hn17. Tn gi A-nan sm hi02 - Cng yu Gii lut (18-45)

18. Tn gi Kiu-phm-ba- dit 19. Tn gi X-li-pht v Mc-kin-lin tm o20. Trng tro Phm ch lun chin21. Tn gi X-li-pht v Mc-kin-lin xut gia22. Tn gi X-li-pht b vu oan
http://phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Thuyet%20Phap/Gioi%20Luat/http://phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Thuyet%20Phap/Gioi%20Luat/


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23. Tn gi Mc-kin-lin b hi24. Kit tp Kinh v Lut25. Tn gi u-ba-li tng Lut26. Nguyn nhn phn ha Lut.27. Nm b Lun gii thch Lut

28. Ni dung T phn lut29. Ch tr, tc tr30. Chuyn xy ra Cu-dim-di (Kosambiya)31. c Pht n trong rng32. Pht dy php Lc ha Kosambiya33. Pht cm dng thn thng thu bt.34. Phn tch gii bn35. Gii thch 4 Ba-la-di36. Gii thch 13 Tng tn37. Gii thch 2 Bt nh38. Gii thch 30 X a

39. Gii thch 90 Ba-dt-40. Gii thch 4 hi qu php41. Gii thch 100 hc php42. Gii thch 7 Dit trnh43. Tnh gii v gi gii44. Cc yu t kt thnh ti45. Su trng hp c bit i th sm ti Tng tn

03 - Cng yu Gii lut (46-50)46. Su trng hp sm dit ti Tng tn.47. Sm hi ti Ba-la-di v Tng tn48. Sm hi ti Thu-lan-gi49. Sm hi ti Ba-dt- -x-Ni t-kit-la50. Mi tm vic a n ph ha hp Tng

04 - Cng yu Gii lut (51-56)51. Th no l Tng?52. i gii53. Gii trng54. Tht dit trnh55. Kit-ma56. iu kin ca kit-ma

05 - Cng yu Gii lut (57-85)57. Tp Tng tc58. Th hu tc59. Kit-ma phi tng60. D dc61. Nhn d dc62. D dc khng thnh63. Kit i gii bn Tng v bn Ni64. Xut gia th gii65. T-kheo


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66. i sng A-la-hn67. Ha thng68. Y ch69. Nn hc v khng nn hc70. A-x-l

71. Nguyn nhn thuyt gii72. B-tt73. Mc ch B-tt74. Trung gian B-tt75. Cch thuyt gii76. Gi thuyt gii77. Khng t cch ngn thuyt gii78. t cch ngn thuyt gii79. Trin ngy thuyt gii81. Tin An c - hu An c83. T t

84. Cu thnh85. Y ng Lut s tr lut06 - B-TT GII

I. Phm VngII. Tm a giiIII. Tam tnh giiIV. Th gii B-ttV. Mt gii B-ttB-TT DANH V THIT

1. Th no l gi danh B tt?2. Th no l tht ngha B-tt?

07 - XUT GIA HONG PHT O08 - GII L BC THY CAO C NHT (*)09 - KHAI O GII T TH B TT GII10 - TH GII L LM CHO PHT PHP MIN TRNG GIA TH GIAN

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LI NI U

Ba mn v lu hc Gii nh Tu l con ng duy nht a n Nitbn an lc. Mun n Nit-bn an lc m khng theo con ng ny th chloanh quanh trong vng lun hi ba ci. Nhn Gii sinh nh, nhn nh

pht Tu ba mn hc lin kt cht ch vo nhau, nh vy mi sc dittr tham i, y li v minh, m ra chn tri Gic ng. Nhng Gii hcmnh mng, nh hc mng mng, Tu hc mnh mng; nu khng nm


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c Cng yu th kh b hiu bit chu o, ng n. Khng hiu bitng n th khng sinh tm tnh tn; khng c tm tnh tn th s khng ctnh hnh, nh vy, con ng gii thot b b tc. Nh mt ngi hc hoim vn khng hiu, tu ho m vn khng cm nhn c cht li ch an lcno.

to thm s d dng cho vic hiu v hnh tr Gii hc, ngay sauGii n nm 1994 ti cha Bo Quc - Hu vin mn, ti ging cng yuGii lut cho Tng, Ni, nht l nhng v tn th gii ti Ging ng chaT m trong 7 hm. Li ging ny c ghi chp v sa cha, b sungthm cc bi lin quan Gii lut m ti ging cc ln khc, chung lithnh tp Cng yu Gii lut ny m hm nay c duyn gi nqu v c gi. Hy vng n s gip ch c phn no trong vic thc hnhGii hc ca nhng v ho tm xut gia.

Pht lch 2540,Cha T m

Ma An c nm Bnh T - 1996.HT. Thch Thin Siu

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01 - Cng yu Gii lut (01-17)

1. Th tnh ng nht.

T-kheo, T-kheo-ni du tn du cu v mt gii lut, th tnh ngnht.

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2. Tm hng T kheo

1. Danh t T-kheo: L tn do th gian gi, ch khng phi T-kheo,v khng th gii C tc.

2. Tng t T-kheo: L co b ru tc m khng th gii. Gi bhnh tng xut gia nhng thc ch l c s trc u.


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3. T xng T-kheo: L co b ru tc ri mc o ca-sa tr trn tronghng ng xut gia, t xng Thch t. Trong Pht gio gi l tc tr. Hngny cn phi ui ra khi ngi nh Pht php v khng cho th gii.

4. Kht thc T-kheo: Cng mc o ca-sa kht thc, lm xng Thcht, nhng k thc l ngoi o hay c s, khng c gii lut.

5. Thin lai T kheo: L khi Pht cn ti th, bc li cn n xin xutgia. Pht gi Thin lai T-kheo tin tu phm hnh dit kh, tc thi rutc c php t rng, y ca-sa dnh vo mnh ng Lut, tr thnh T-kheo.

6. Trc ca-sa T-kheo: L 3 y ca T-kheo ct dc tng ming mayli v nhum mu hoi sc m mc, nh ngoi o ngi th tc cng xngl T-kheo, k thc khng phi T-kheo.

7. Ph kit s T kheo: Tt c phin no rng buc, lm cho chngsinh phi tri ln trong 3 ci. Nu xut gia c th on tr c phin no yth chng qu A-la-hn, lin ng C tc gii.

8. Bch t kit-ma T-kheo: Nu c ngi mun xut gia, h i trcchng Tng ba phen cu khn. Chng Tng mi mt ln bch, 3 ln kit-matruyn gii C tc, gi l bch t kit-ma. Mt ln tha, ba ln hi (biuquyt).

Trong 8 hng T-kheo ni trn, tr Thin lai T-kheo, l chng T-kheo ch c trong khi c Pht cn ti th. Trong nhng nm u khi chach gii, nhng thin nam no n vi Ngi v xin phl tm xut gia th gil Thin lai T-kheo. Ngay khi Ngi gi Thin lai T- kheo th mc nhingii th c y . Trong kinh cn ni r thm l: Y php c tc, tu phtt lc l y phc c y , ru tc t rng. T rng y khng phi ln t rng lin u, nhng n c php ct, co ng Lut. Cm t Thinlai T-kheo ch c trong thi c Pht cha ch gii v cng ch c Phtmi dng ting Thin lai T-kheo m thi. Cn sau khi c Pht ch giiri th ch c th gii trong gii n v phi bch t kit ma mi thnh T-

kheo.

By gi cn li 7 hng T-kheo. Trong 7 hng T-kheo , ty hnhgi t chn. Nu chn hng Danh t T-kheo th ch c ci tn sung. Nuchn hng Tng t T-kheo th cng na n nh Danh t T-kheo. Tm li,ai mun chn loi no th ty . Nhng y, ti ch nhn mnh, hng T-kheo on tr kit s, tc Kin T-kheo. Bc T-kheo ny do tu hnh


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on tr phin no kit s m tr thnh T-kheo. y l mt trng hp cbit. Nu ngi no tu hnh on tr c kit s th h cng gi l Kin T-kheo. Nhng chnh thc nht l ni hng bch t kit-ma T-kheo.

Khi tr thnh T-kheo th phi bit php ca T-kheo. Nu khngbit php T-kheo th ch c danh m khng c thc. Nhng php T-kheonhiu lm. Theo Lut tng, gi cho ng th tht kh v cng. Nu chng ta sut c i m hc Lut th cha chc hiu ht ci ngc ngch, t mca n. S d c nhiu ngc ngch cng ch tr tm bnh ca chng sinh.Ci nghip ca chng sinh n ngc ngch nh vy nn Pht phi ch gii tm tr n. Th d, ngi trong chng nh hng to ting, Pht cng chgii. Cuc sng ca ngi t xy ra lm chuyn cho nn Pht cng chlut tng ng. V vy, hc cho ht lut cng khng d. Tuy vy, mc duchng ta khng th ni nc bin qu ln khng th ung ht nn khng

ung. Pht dy, nc trong bn bin l nhiu nhng cng mt v mn. Lutca Pht cng th, d a dng nhng chng ta khng th khng hc. Hcmt phn trong 250 gii cng bit c mi v an lc ca n, l mi vgii thot.

Mun nm c mi v gii thot ca gii lut, nn nay ti xin nitm tt v gii lut.

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3. nh cng gii v o cng giiNgoi Bit gii thot gii c nh cng gii v o cng gii. Nh

ngy xa c mt Thin s lm mt ci cc tu trn ni. C mt b th chpht tm ng h bng cch, hng ngy sai c con gi em cm ln cng choS sut 3 nm. Trong thi gian y, mi s u tt p. Mi ln em cmcng dng tr v, b u hi con v s tu hnh ca S. Ngi con gi trli v S ny tu hnh tinh nghim, b m nghe cng thch. Ti nm th 3, b

bo con: Ny con, ba nay phi th lng tu ca S, coi c thc tu haykhng. Con em cm ln dng cho S, th thc xong, con gi b m S coi

S phn ng ra sao?. Ngi con gi lm theo li m dn, m S, S tr li:Kh mc hn nham, tam nin v lnh non, ngha l: Cy kh trn ni banm khng bit lnh nng.

Khi v nh, b m hi con, ngi con gi thut li cho b nghe li Stht ra. B nghe xong ng ng ni gin. Tc qu, b ln chm la t ccca S. Va t va dm chn ku ln: T ra 3 nm ny ung cng ph ca


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cung cp cho mt ci cy kh. Tht l ung cng, ung ca qu tri?. VS thy th ly lm xu h, bn i tm ni khc. Ch nguyn tu hnh ca Svng vng, nn S tm ch khc tu. Khi nghe S lm cc tu li, bcng pht tm ng h v S cng b qua chuyn c. Ngi con gi cnghng ngy cm nc cng cho S. B hi con v cch tu hnh v hnh ngca S, ngi con tr li cng khng thy c g c. Sau ba nm, b biu concng lm y nh trc, coi S phn ng th no.

Mt hm, ngi con gi ln cc cng dng xong v m S hn. Sni vi c rng: Ta bit, ngi bit, Pht bit nhng ng cho b y bit.

Ngi con v thut li cho m nghe. B mng qu v ni: C th ch!.Khi y b khn o t chnh, ln cc xin sm hi vi S v xin ng h tip. chnh l gii. V sao? V l nh cng gii. V s y khng th giitrong gii n bch t kit-ma, nhng do nh lc m nhip tm gii ht sc

nghim tc khng i B-tt nhng gi y gii lut. Cho nn chng tahc lut l gi gii, v cng ng ngh rng, ch c nhng ngi i B-ttmi l ngi gi lut, cn nhng ngi tu thin, khng i B-tt l khnggi gii.

Chnh nhng ngi nh tu thin, h gi gii v tr gii hn ai ht, l nh cng gii. nh cng gii l nhip c tam nghip vo nh. Khi nhip ba nghip ri th c ci nghip no d m i lm by u! Thn, khu, nhip vo trong nh th nh y l thn, khu, , ngoi ra khng c cithn, khu, th hai m i lm chuyn sai quy. Cho nn trong lut ni

v gii, th l nh cng gii. Nn ngy no tu thin nh th ngy cgii. Tm c tu ngy no th ngy c nh, nu tm khng tu m lontng th khng c gii.

C v T s ngy xa cng c bi k phn nh cho tm nh nhsau:

Tch tch tinh tinh th,

V tnh tch tch phi,

Tinh tinh tch tch th,

Vng tng tinh tinh phi.

Ngha l:


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Tch tch tinh tinh th: l yn lng trong s thc tnh, th ng.

V tnh tch tch phi: l v tnh m yn lng, l sai.

Tinh tinh tch tch th: l thc tnh trong yn lng mi ng

Vng tng tinh tinh phi: l thc tnh trong vng tng, l sai.

Cu chuyn ca b gi cho con gi m S, ba nm u m S p: Tanh gc cy kh da vo tng lnh, qua 3 ma ng khng bit lnhnng, nn b gin. Ba nm sau, c con gi cng m S, S ni: Pht bit,ngi bit, ta bit nhng ng cho b y bit, b mng r. V s lc u tu thnh nh gc cy kh l v tnh m vng lng, nn sai. Ba nm sau,Pht bit, ta bit, ngi bit l ni vng lng m sng sut, l ng. Nn

b gi mng r.

Khi c Pht cha ch gii, cc v t ti gia v xut gia nghe cPht thuyt php ri th tm h c vin trn, li cu (xa la trn cu mc con mt php thanh tnh). Php nhn l con mt phpcon mt y thy

php T . Cng cn ni thm l, con mt hm trc c m, khng thyphp T kh, tp, dit, ocon mt y cha thanh tnh. By gi con mty thy r php T ri, cho nn php nhn thanh tnh, chng c qu

v Tu--hon. Chnh l gii, mc du h khng tri qua 3 ln kit-

ma th gii. Gii ca cc v l o cng gii.Vy o cng gii l g? Chnh l nh hiu c l T m pht

sinh cc tm v lu nn khng cn lm chuyn sai quy. Nhng ai c tmv lu, chnh h khng ni mnh tu gii, m h ch qun php T , qunv thng, v ng... v chnh trong khi qun, h ng c o, khng lmnhng chuyn sai quy nn h cng c gi l ngi gi gii tinh nghim,nn gi l o cng gii.

c Pht Thch-ca thnh o, 12 nm u, cc hng t ca Pht ch

theo php m tu hnh, trong tu thin nh l chnh, tu tr tu l th. ocng gii thuc v tr tu; nh cng gii thuc v thin nh. Tu hai phpy m vn ngn c ti c thnh tu c gii. 12 nm u Ngi chach gii, nh trong lut ni c Thch-ca c mt bi k, l:

Thin h khu ngn,


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T tnh k ch ,

Thn mc tc ch c,

Th tam nghip o tnh,

Nng c nh th hnh,

Th i tin nhn o.

Ngha l kho lo m gi ming li li ting, t mnh lm sch tmtr ca mnh v thn th na cng ng lm c, l ng sch ca banghip; kh nng t c ng sch nh vy, chnh l ng i ca bci tin. Hay ni mt cch ngn gn l: Kho gi gn thn, ming, ; ngngh by, ng ni by, ng lm by. l gii kinh ca c Th Tn.

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4. Nguyn nhn Pht ch gii Bit gii thot

T v sau mi phn bit ni rng ra l v c mt ln, Tn gi X-li-pht tha Pht: Bch c Th Tn, lm sao Chnh php ca c NhLai, sau khi Nh Lai dit ri, Chnh php y vn c tn ti lu di?Th Tn dy: c Pht no m c ni Gii, ni Php th chng t nh tu hnh, lm cho Chnh php c cu tr sau khi Nh Lai dit .Khi y Tn gi X-li-pht tha vi Ngi rng: Bch Th Tn, ti sao conkhng thy Th Tn ch gii m ch ni php?. Ngi dy: Ny Tn gi, Ta

bit thi phi lm g, nay cha ti thi nn Ta cha ch gii. Khi no trongTng chng c vic v danh li, v hu lu xy ra th Nh Lai mi ch gii.V th, 12 nm u cha xy ra chuyn g cu u nn Ngi cha ch gii.

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5. Mi li ch ca vic ch gii

1. Nhip th Tng: v kin ton Tng-gi thnh chng thanh tnh.

2. Linh Tng hoan h: V tu hnh phm hnh nn thin tm Tngtrng khin c hoan h i vi nhau.

3. Linh Tng an lc: v hoan h c an lc ni thin nh, trong ttm.


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4. Linh v tn gi tn: khin ngi cha c lng tin Tam Bo, thy chTng tu hnh phm hnh m sinh lng tin.

5. D tn gi linh Tng trng: i vi ngi tin ri khin lng tinca h Tng trng.

6. Nan iu gi linh iu thun: ngi kh iu phc khin h ciu thun.

7. Tm qu gi c an lc: khin ngi bit h thn c an vui.

8. on hin ti hu lu: v on dit phin no hin ti.

9. on v lai hu lu: v on dit ht phin no v lai.

10. Linh chnh php cu tr : v tu phm hnh m chnh php c tnti lu di.

Trong lut T-kheo ca Nam tng cng y nh vy:

1. Samaghasutthutya: v kin ton ca Tng-gi.

2. Samghaph sutya: v an tr ca Tng-gi.

3. Dummankuman puggalnam niggahya: v c ch k khc.

4. Pesalnam bikknam phsuvihya: v an tr ca thin T-kheo.

5. Dittha dhammikanam asavanam samvarya: v on phin no hinth.

6. Samparyikanam savanam patightya: v on dit phin no vlai.

7. Appasannnam pasdaya: v khin cha tin sinh tin.

8. Passannnam bhiyyobhvya: v ngi tin, lng tin thm kin c.

9. Saddhammatthiliy: v Chnh php cu tr.

10 Vinay nuggahya: v yu chung, knh trng Lut.


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l 10 iu ch li cho vic ch gii. Mi khi xy ra mt vic, Ngich mt gii v km theo 10 li ch ca n. l l do ch gii. Mi iuny trong Lut gi l 10 c ngha.

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6. Gii th nht: bt dm

n nm th 13 c Pht mi ch gii. Chuyn ch gii l do Tn giNa--t. Tn gi l mt ngi giu c, sau t b gia nh xin theo Phtxut gia. Trong thi gian sau, v mt ma, dn tnh i km, chng T-kheo

phi phn chia nhau i cc vng chung quanh kht thc. Tn gi Na-cng vi mt s T-kheo i n vng Tn gi kht thc. Khi n, Tngi lin v qu v vo nh kht thc. B m thy Tn gi tr v, mng r,nu ko, khc lc, van xin Tn gi ng i xut gia na. Nhng Tn gikhng chu. B m khuyn ln nhiu ln nhng Tn gi c khng khng tchi. Cui cng b ni vi Tn gi: Con i, nh ta giu c, con i tu rikhng ai ni nghip gia nh lo hng khi cho t tng ng b. M cng gi ri, khng c ai tm s hm sm. Thi th con c i th i, nhng hy li cho m mt a chu ri hy i. Thng m nn Tn gi nh chum, v ngh: cng vi v c n i mt cht c sao u!. Th l b dt condu ti cho Tn gi v Tn gi cng thy khng c g rc ri c. Tn gingh: i tu th c i, min l cho b mt cht chu ni cho b yn lng lc. Xong chuyn l Tn gi ra i, thm ch sau sinh con Tn gi cng

ch hay. T khi xy ra chuyn gia Tn gi v v c ri, mt thi gian sauthy cc v T-kheo khc khng c chuyn n i, sao mnh li cho chuynv c rng buc? Tn gi bc rc trong lng v t ra kh chu, n hn. Ccv T-kheo hi: ti sao thi gian u hin gi hoan h, sc din ti tt mnay thy r qu vy?. Tn gi em chuyn k cho cc v T-kheo hay.

Cc v T-kheo em chuyn ca Tn gi bch ln c Th Tn. ThTn ku ln qu trch.

Bt u t Pht mi ch gii th nht l hng xul gia th khng

c dm dc. V trc khi ch gii, Ngi n r mi cng c ln cavic ch gii.

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7. Gii th hai: bt o

Nguyn do l c mt v T-kheo n-ni-ca, nguyn l con th gm,lm ci chi bng tranh trn ni . Nhng ngi i lm ci, h thychi vng nn h n d i v ly ci tranh v nu cm. Khi v thy chi bd, Tn gi bn ngh l nn lm bng vt liu chc chn hn. Suy ngh nhvy, Tn gi lin lm chi kin c bng t nung chi. c Pht trngthy hi, cc T-kheo khc bch cho Ngi hay. Ngi lin sai ngi ku vT-kheo y li v hi c vic thy lm chi kin c trn phi khng? V T-kheo y xc nhn. c Pht bo thy nn d b i, nhng Tn gi tr trkhng mun d b. c Pht sai cc T-kheo n d b cn chi . Tngi khng phn ng g nhng li c lm ci cc khc. Tn gi bn n nhngi gi cy cho vua v ni rng: Ny anh kim lm, vua Bnh Sa c hacho ti dng cy ny li lm cc tu. Anh kim lm ni: nu c lnh

vua th thy c ly Th l Tn gi vc ru n n cy v x lung tung. Cyb n ng nghin thnh tng khonh. Hm sau c quan triu nh i kimtra thy cy ci cht b lung tung, ku anh kim lm n hi duyn c, anhkim lm bn thut li u ui cu chuyn. Quan triu nh cho mi Tngi ln v hi v ti n cy qu ca nh vua m khng c php ca quantriu nh. Tn gi bn tr li rng: Trc khi ln ngi vua, nh vua c nirng, nhng g c trong nc chng ti, cc v xut gia tu hnh bit thiudc tri tc nu c cn dng th c ly dng. Vua c tuyn b nh vy nn timi ly dng. Quan triu nh ni rng: Vua chng ti c ni vy tht,nhng m nhng vt khng c ch gi kia, cn nhng vt c ch, th vuachng ti khng cho php. Cu chuyn rc ri c cc T-kheo v bchPht. Pht mi ch gii bt d nhi th, (ngi ta khng cho th khng ly).Khi y Th Tn quay qua hi mt v T-kheo, trc khi xut gia, nguyn lquan triu nh rnh php lut ca vua, theo lut vua, ly n ngang no th

b ti v ngang no th khng b ti? Tn gi p: Theo con bit, th nh lutphp trong nc ny, nu ly nm tin th b t hnh, cn nu di th ty xt x di mc t ti. T Pht ch gii: nu n cp, ly trm cangi khc 5 tin th b trng ti.

---o0o---8. Gii th ba: bt st

Pht dy cc T-kheo tu php qun bt tnh dt lng i dc. Mt sT-kheo ti vn bn sng B Cu chuyn tu theo php qun bt tnh. Khiqun thn bt tnh, thy thn th ca mnh hi hm chu khng ni, l mt


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vi trng sng nhung nhc li cng nhm chn hn, cho nn mun hy ditthn, mi ni: ai gip cho ti gii thot thn ny th c phc ln. T-kheo Vt-lc gi-nan- nghe ni vy lin cm dao st gip. Khi st xongri, ng ta lin cm dao xung sng ra. Khi ra dao, thy bng mnh phnchiu di nc d tn qu nn ng ta m ra n hn ngh rng: my v T-kheo kia c ti tnh g m mnh ra tay tn st cc ng, mc du c li yucu. Lc y Ma vng bit lin hin ln ng trn nc v ca ngi rng: Hin gi, lnh thay, Hin gi lm cho ngi cha c ; Hingi lm mt vic i phc c, l mt cng c ln. Hin gi hy ratay cu cho nhng ai mun gii thot thn ng un hi hm ny, cngc tht v lng. Nghe vy ng yn tm, xch dao v v h to: Hi ccHin hu, ai mun la thn ng un gii thot, mun thot sinh t, ny ti cho. Th l ng ph lun mt s na!

Thng l, sau ma An c, cc v T-kheo ko nhau v vn an sckhe c Th Tn, nh con v thm cha sau 3 thng xa nh. Khi v huPht, bao gi Pht cng nim n n tip t v Ngi hi An c c an lckhng, c ha hp khng, i ng c tr ngi g khng... nh cha thn mthi con.

Nhng ma An c ny, Ngi thy t cc ni v tha tht qu. Ngii mi i hoi khng thy h tr v. Pht sai cc v T-kheo i thm dnghe ngng coi h c b g khng? Cc v T-kheo i ra khi tinh x, th ngoi ng, thin h n m c ln rng: Khng bit my ng thy tu theo

php mn no m git nhau nm la lit c khu rng, hi thi khng ai chuni. Cc v nghe ni lin n ni xem th thy c chuyn nh vy. Cc T-kheo v bch Pht. Pht bo, Ta dy chnh php, h hnh t php. T

Ngi khuyn cc v T-kheo i php qun bt tnh ra qun s tc dp trphin no, ch khng nn qun bt tnh m ra bi quan m hy hoi thnmnh nh cc T-kheo kia lm. T Ngi ch ra gii bt st.

Tm li, hc Pht php, hnh Pht php, nu lm khng ng, hiukhng ng cng d a n kt qu tai hi.

Tri li, khng hiu Pht php, khng p dng Pht php vo cho bnthn v x hi, cng l mt thit thi ln. V nh ngi bt rn trong kinhX D c k: Mt ngi bt rn m khng bit cch bl n, c c bt ngui, hay gia thn rn, n c th quay u li cn v c th gy t vong.Mun bt rn, cn phi ly ci nng i u cho cng l rn chu php,mc cho ui quy sao th quy, khng nh hng g. Cng vy, tu hc


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Pht php cng phi bit phng php, nh cch bt rn vy. Hoc nhtrong kinh Bch D k chuyn n trm o vua". C mt anh chng nghon trm o vua. Triu nh cho quan qun i lng sc khp ni v bt cn. N ku oan v ni l o ca t tin li. Quan ni nu o ca t tinanh li th anh mc vo xem. o vua qu rng nn n khng bit mc.Thy tay o rng nh ng qun, n lin a chn vo hai tay o. Mc hoikhng xong nn li ra ni lo. Quan hi, o t tin sao anh khng bit cchmc? Nh vy, nu khng bit s dng th du c o vua i na cng mangha vo thn m thi. Php v Lut ca Pht c vi diu n u, nu khng

bit tu tp v hnh tr ng th cng ch c ch li g!

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9. Gii th t: bt vng ng

Ti sao Pht ch gii ny? Trong thi c Pht, n cha phi lnc y lung thc cho dn chng ht u. Gp lc mt ma hnhn, ch Tng kht thc kh khn nn nh phi phn tn nh kht thc.Ti mt thn n, c mt nhm T-kheo, bn bc v tm cch nh la tnch bng cch, mt ngi ni mnh chng A-la-hn, c thng nhn

php, thn thng t ti, cn ngi kia ph ha vo ni l vic ti bitng ta c thn thng... nu cng dng cho ng th c phc v lng.Th l h ca ngi nhau, nn bn o thi nhau cng dng. Mt ma h triqua c no .

Sau ma An c, t ln lt v hu Pht, ai cng xanh xao, duy cnhm my thy T-kheo thn n, khi v hu Pht th bo tt, Pht hi: Ccthy An c c an lc khng?. H tr li an lc. Cn kht thc ra sao? H trli kht thc d lm. Ngi ngc nhin hi: ti sao Th Tn thy my thyn trc v thm Ta, Ta hi kht thc th h tr li kh lm, nhng vn githiu dc tri tc, cn cc thy sao li kht thc d qu vy? Th l h nh

phi th nhn s ni di ca mnh. Th Tn qu trch nhm t n vNgi ch ra gii ny. Cm cc hng T-kheo t ca Nh Lai i vngng; cha chng ni chng, cha thy ni thy php.

C nh th, h xy ra ml chuyn, Pht ch ra mt gii v Ngi chra 250 gii cho T-kheo, 350 gii cho T-kheo-ni, kt thnh b Lut gi lLut tng. Nhng gii ca Pht ch ra cng gi l Bit gii thot gii hayBa-la--mc-xoa. V sao gi l Bit gii thot? V ai th gii no th c sgii thot ca gii , c s li ch ca vic th gii y. Th d, c s ti gia


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dc tnh, lut l phng thang. Gii l iu rn, lut l qui lut thi hnhgii. Khng c lut th gii khng c cch thi hnh.

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11. Bn khoa ca gii

Gii c 4 khoa ln: gii php, gii th, gii hnh v gii tng.

a. Gii php:

Gii cng l mt php do c Pht ch ra nn gii cng gi l Php,lut cng l Php; do Pht ch nn l Php ca Pht. V vy khi ta niPht php l gm c gii trong na, ch khng phi ni php l php T, Thp nh nhn duyn, Bt chnh o... m thi u. Php c ngha nh

vy nn gi l gii php.

b. Gii th (np th php thnh th):

Khi Php c c tam s, tht chng, bch t kit-ma, a n votrong ngi gii t th n bin thnh gii th ca ngi gii l, gi l giith.

Th d: Nh l trong khi th gii, v thy kit-ma bch t kit-marng, ti xin hi cc v ngy hm nay, c v tn nh vy, nh vy... xintheo Ha thng tn nh vy, nh vy th C tc gii. Nu Tng chng ai

bng lng cho v y th gii C tc th c im lng, ai khng bng lng thni ln. Ba ln kit-ma nh th l gii th c thnh tu ni ng gii t. l th th, tc th nhn ci gii th nn gi l th th gii, gii cthnh tu ni ng gii t

c Gii hnh.

T ni gii th m pht ra c ch, hnh ng, ni nng u y nh

php, tc l ty thun gii th m cc hnh vi ca 3 nghip thn, khu, uhnh ng y nh php. Chng ta quan st k, mt ngi khi h cha th giith ni nng, hnh ng khc; khi h th gii ri, hnh ng, ni nng licng khc hn. L v do c gii hnh nn hnh tng v oai nghi khc i, gil gii hnh.

d. Gii tng.


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Hnh tr gii lut c oai nghi hin tng ra bn ngoi, ai trng thycng bit c, gi l ngi c gi gii.

Ni v gii th th c 3 quan im:

a. Theo quan im ca cc b phi Pht gio ngy xa, ch quan nimgii th chung chung th thi. Phi Nht thit hu b ch trung gii ththuc sc php, ly sc php lm gii th; bi l, mt ngi thnh tu cgii l phi i trc tam s, tht chng, chnh t mnh thn qu ly, mingni, tr li cu hi mi thnh c. Nu khng ly, khng qu, khng dngci thn n t by ci tng lnh th gii iu th khng thnh gii thc. M thn ny l g? L t i sc thn. Ly t i sc thn i trctam s, tht chng m th gii th, cho nn gii th thuc v sc php. l quan im ca Hu b. V vy, quan im ca Hu b cho gii th

thuc v V biu sc. V biu sc l mt th sc khng biu hin cho ngita thy c, n l mt php v hnh nhng thuc v sc. Theo Hu b, nthuc v sc m, sc un ch khng phi thuc cc un khc. Gii th theoHu b l sc php.

b. Theo i tha Duy thc th gii th thuc v tm php, v sao? Vtheo Duy thc, ngi ta c hai th nghip, l t nghip v t d nghip. Tnghip l nghip ca . Th d, mnh ngh phi b th cho k ngho, s suyngh n ang cn trong tm ch cha hin ra ngoi. Chnh s suy ngh cng l ci nghip sau khi suy ngh, n pht ra ming ni, tay cm vt cho

k ngho, nh vy gi l t d nghip. T c ba l Thm l t, tc suy ngh,tnh ton; Quyt nh t, tc quyt nh, v Pht ng t, l t quyt nh

pht ng ra ngoi, gi l Pht ng t. V vy, theo i tha Duy thc thkhi mt ngi no pht ng ra trc tam s, tht chng, v d ni:Ti xin gi c gii y... ci pht ng y chnh l do ci t, ci m anhsuy ngh v ni ra, nu khng c ci t y th lm sao anh n ti xin gic? Cho nn, i tha Duy thc ni gii th thuc v tm php chkhng thuc v sc php.

c Phi Thnh tht lun cho rng, gii th phi sc phi tm, bi n khngtrng thy, lm sao ni l sc? Th na, n khng c duyn l, lm sao nitm c, nn ni l phi sc phi lm. N ch l mt ci nng lc ngm ngm

bn trong, c tc dng ngn chn vic lm sai tri ca ngi nh lm. Thd, ngi th gii C tc ri, mi nm n ma An c phi nhp h, song clc c ngi khng mun An c, nhng sc mnh ngm ngm ca gii biuh phi An c, l chuyn nn lm. Tm li, l mt nng lc phi sc


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phi tm. D ni cch no, nh ch trng n thuc sc php, du thuc tmphp, du thuc phi sc phi tm th cng l mt ci nng lc v hnh c nnglc phng phi ch cngn iu quy, dt iu c.

Tm li, 250 gii nhn th nhiu, nhng ch c ngha l phng phi chc. Ni cch khc, mun p dng gii trong i sng hng ngy th phihiu cch thc hnh ca n, l ch tr v tc tr Ch tr gii l gii ngndt, khng lm. Th d, pht nguyn gi 5 gii, l do t pht nguyn.

Nu khng st sinh hi mng th l tr gii, ngc li, st sinh l phm.250 gii ca c Pht ch, tr chng hc php ra, c mt phn tr, mt phnch. Tc tr gii tc l nhng iu ng phi lm m lm th gi l tr; ngcli khng lm l phm. V d: Khi n ma An c m An c l tr, khngAn c l phm, nn gi l tc tr.

---o0o---12. Bit gii, thng gii

Gii ca Pht ch c bit gii v thng gii.

a. Bit gii l gii ca hng xut gia, gii ca hng Thanh vn. Th d:Hng xut gia nu l T-kheo th phi th 250 gii, Sa-di l 10 gii, cn cs l th 5 gii... C phn bit r rng nh vy gi l bit gii. C s khngth th 250 gii. Ring i vi Ni cng vy. Sa-di-ni cng th 10 gii,

khng c qu. Thc-xoa-ma-na 6 gii, khng c qu. T-kheo-ni 350gii m thi, nn gi l bit gii.

b. Thng gii tc l B-tt gii, ai th cng c. Sa-di, c s, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni, Thc-xoa, Sa-di-ni, c bnh khng bnh, d thn cnkhng hon chnh th cng c. iu kin th l nghe ting, hiu nghaPhp s truyn l c th; tri li, trong lut T-kheo, nu b d tt thkhng c th. V vy, B-tt gii gi l thng gii, cn lut T-kheo, Sa-di... gi l bit gii. Thng gii c tnh cch vnh cu, cn bit gii ch ctn hnh th m thi. Gi s hoc c cht, hoc thay i nam thnh n tnh

th t nhin mt gii, mc d tm khng mt, nhng hnh tng mt thgii cng mt, l khng k x gii. Cn gii B-tt th tng kim thn choti Pht thn, tc cho n thnh Pht, gii khng mt. Ch mt gii khino b B- tm, b B-tt hnh, phm trng gii mi mt. Cn c phmkhinh gii vn c sm hi. V vy, ngi gi B-tt gii du c a angc, c ln thin ng, c phm nm ln by lt u c th sm hi,min l chng tr B- tm vn cn.


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Lc c Pht sp Nit-bn, cc hng t t lo lng, s c ThTn nhp Nit-bn ri khng ai du dt chng t. c Pht mi dy rng,Php v Lut m Ta dy cho cc ngi, chnh l o s ca cc ngi.Trong kinh Di Gio, c Pht dy: Nh ng T-kheo, ng dit hu,ng tn trng trn knh Ba-la--mc-xoa, nh m ng minh, nh bnnhn c bo. ng tri th tc th nh ng i s. Nhc ng tr th, vd th d. Ngha l: Cc thy T-kheo, sau khi Ta dit , cc thy phitn trng tn knh tnh gii, nh ch m ti m c nh sng; ngho nnm c vng ngc. Phi bit tnh gii l c thy cao c ca cc thy. NuTa i th cng khng khc g vy. l li dy th hai. Li dy th bal: Cc ngi hy tinh tin ln gii thot.

Ni v li dy Php v Lut trong gio l c Pht, chng ta phi bitPhp l g v Lut l g? Php tc l gio php. Th nh Ngi dy v l v

thng, v ng, T , Thp nh nhn duyn, Bt chnh o, Gii, nh,Tu... gi l Php. Php y c mc ch hng dn cho chng sinh tu hnh thnh o, gic ng. Lut l g? Lut l nhng iu rn cm, nhngquy tc, nhng lut l hnh tr, p dng cho i sng c nhn v tp th.Php kt tp li thnh Kinh tng, Lut kt tp li thnh Lut tng.

Sau khi c Pht nhp dit, ln kit tp u tin l kit tp Kinh tngv Lut tng. By gi chng ta ni kit tp Tam tng l ni chung, nhng lcu ch kit tp l thnh Kinh tng v Lut tng, hai ch ny n mang mt ngha rt ln. C Kinh tng lm li trong mt ch Php m thi; c Lut

tng thnh mt ch Lut m thi. Cho nn Ngi khng ni Ta li Kinhtng Lul tng cho cc ngi, m Ngi ni Ta li Php v Lut cho ccngi. Cc ngi hy ly lm bc o s ca mnh. Ta c i cngkhng khc.

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13. Th Tn dit

Khi c Pht nhp Nit-bn ti rng Kusinara gia Ta-la song th,

Tn gi Ma-ha Ca-dip cng mt s T-kheo rt ng ang i du ha vhnh o phng xa. S t ny do Pht sau 45 nm hnh o vthuyt php, mt s khc do cc t Ngi thu nhn vo nhp chng cngkh ng. Cc t ca Ngi ri rc khp mi ni. Ring Tn gi Ma-haCa-dip vi mt s T-kheo phng khc nh x Pava, nhn ngy cng i v thnh Kusinara. Gia ng, gp mt ngi ngoi o cm mtci hoa ni tay, Tn gi lin hi: Hin gi t u i li? ng tr li: ti t


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Kusinara n. Vy Hin gi c bit Nh Lai, Th Tn ca chng ti ukhng? Nh Lai, Th Tn ca cc ng nhp dit ri. Chnh ti nich nhp dit ca Ngi m lm ci hoa ny y. Nghe ni nh vy, cc vA-la-hn th bnh tnh yn lng, nhng cc v cha t n qu v A-la-hntm l xc ng mnh. C v u phin, c v r ln, m ngc khc lc.

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14. Tn T-kheo Bt-nan- vui mng

Trong s ny c mt thy T-kheo tn l Bt-nan- khi nghe tin ThTn dit , mng r lin ni: Ny cc Hin gi, l ng ra khi nghe tin ny,cc Hin gi phi vui mng, sao li khc lc? Khi ng i Sa-mn cnsng, ta c b rng buc theo ng. ng c bo nn lm nh th ny, th n;khng nn lm nh th ny, nh th n. ng i Sa-mn c nhc nh hoi,

phin toi qu ? By gi ng i Sa-mn qu vng ri, th chng ta csng t do. Ci g ta ng th ta lm, ci g ta khng thch th ta khng lm.Chng ta c sng t do theo chng ta.

Ti c cun Vn minh n ca Durand, ng c nhc chuyn T-kheo Bt-nan- v c nhn xt thm: Tng lai trong hng t ca Pht,nhng ngi tu theo Bt-nan- ng hn theo Pht, c l cng ng!

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15. Kit tp ln I

Chng kin chuyn nh vy, nn khi v thnh Kusinara d l Tr tkim thn c Th Tn xong, Tn gi i Ca-dip mi ny ra mt gio

php ca Pht khi b ri rt, cho chng Tng sau ny ghi nh m hnhtr, nn Tn gi mi cc v A-la-hn m mt cuc kit tp Kinh v Lul.Cuc kit tp ln th nht do Tn gi ch tr c m ra ngay trong nmc Pht dit . Ngay trong 3 thng h ny, cuc kit tp ln th nht c

bt u gm c 500 v A-la-hn thnh T-x-li di s bo tr ca vua A-

x-th. Trong s d kin 500 v A-la-hn, c 449 v, cn thiu mt vna. Tn gi A-nan l mt v t hu h c Th Tn 25 nm, nn c v ngh mi Tn gi vo cho s 500 v A-la-hn, nhng Tn gi i Ca-dipcha nht tr. Tn gi i Ca-dip ni: Tn gi A-nan tuy a vn nhngcha dt ht nhim i. Ai cn i, nhu, b, si th cha c nhp vo hngng thnh Tng kit tp. Nhng, cho d cc v A-la-hn khc c l lunrng: Tha Tn gi, tuy Tn gi A-nan cha chng A-la-hn, nhng Tn gi


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hu Pht 25 nm, nghe Pht dy, nh nhiu bi ging, c th gip cho ihi kit tp ny lm ch. Nu trong khi kit tp, c iu no cn nghi th hiTn gi A-nan, Tn gi ni r rng hn. V vy, chng Tng hin tin thittha ngh mi Tn gi c d i hi kit tp ny.

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16. Tn gi A-nan chng A-la-hn

V phn Tn gi A-nan, khi i t rng Kusinara v ch kit tp, Tngi suy ngh rng: mt con b ngh khng bao gi ri v m. Hm nay ta igia hng 449 v A-la-hn ny, ta cng tng t nh vy. Trong khi va iva suy ngh nh vy th c T-kheo Bt-k-t chng c thn tcthng v tha tm thng, nhn thy A-nan i trong . i vi cc v chngA-la-hn ri, i trong on th thy r, nhng Tn gi A-nan chng A-la-hn cha, sch ht dc lu v v minh lu cha th cha thy r, nnthy lin qun st k v thy r Tn gi A-nan cha sch ht hu lu v vminh lu. Vi lng t tm, thy ti khch l: Ny Hin gi, Hin gi hynhip tm v Nit-bn, t duy v tch tnh. Nu khng nh vy th a vncng khng ch li g. Nghe li khuyn y, Tn gi A-nan ch tm mnh lithng v Nit-bn, t duy sut c m v kinh hnh khng ngh. Khi tngsng (bnh minh) xut hin th Tn gi thy trong mnh mt mi qu, nhngi xung ngh mt lt. Va ngi xung, Tn gi ngh thi ta nn nm mtcht. Tn gi va a ci u xung, u cha ti gi th tm bng sng,

chng c v lu. T , Tn gi chnh thc c d vo trong hi nghkit tp.

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17. Tn gi A-nan sm hi

Tuy chng A-la-hn, c tham d hi ngh kit tp, nhng Tngi cng b Tn gi i Ca-dip vn nn, hch ti. Tn gi i Ca-dip ni:Tn gi tuy chng A-la-hn, cc lu tn, c d vo trong hng i A-

la-hn kit tp Tam tng, nhng b cc li trong thi hu c Th Tnnn phi sm hi trc .

Th nht: Tn gi l ngi u tin xin Pht cho hng n nhn xutgia, th l phm ti t kit-la, Tn gi c nhn khng?

A-nan p:


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Ti xt vic khng c li g, bi l, ti thy di mu rt c cnglao i vi Th Tn cho nn ti tha vi Th Tn, nhc Th Tn nh cnglao y ca di mu v xin cho b xut gia l c nguyn do nh vy, chkhng v c. Nhng Tn gi i Ca-dip bo ti nh vy, ti tun theo lii Ca-dip xin sm hi.

Th hai: C mt ln, Tn gi may y Tng-gi-l cho Th Tn v Tngi dm chn ln trn y, th l Tn gi bt knh, phm ti t-kit-la. Tngi c nhn khng?

Tha Tn gi, ti khng phi bt knh i vi Th Tn m dm chnln y ang may cho Th Tn. Nhng v lc gi to qu m khng c ai gip, cho nn li buc lng phi dm ln m y gi cho gi khi tung viln. Nhng m Tn gi ni th th ti xin sm hi.

Th ba: C mt ln c Th Tn sai Tn gi i ly nc Ngiung. Tn gi mang bt ra i nhng li mang bt khng tr v. Tn gi nirng khc sng va c 500 c xe i ngang qua, nc c qu khng thdng c. Tn gi khng bit rng, nu yu cu ch thin h dng php lcth c th lm cho nc trong em v cho Th Tn dng hay sao? Ti saoTn gi khng lm? Phm ti t-kit-la.

Tha Tn gi, khi y ch thin th cha hin n, nhng Th Tn thNgi ang cn nc, cho nn ti qun khn cu ch thin, nn quay v

trnh vi Th Tn s kin nc c v b 500 c xe va i qua khng thdng c. Nhng Tn gi bo vy th ti xin sm hi.

Th t: Khi c Th Tn tuyn b 3 thng na l Nh Lai nhp Nit-bn, l ng Tn gi hu Th Tn, Tn gi phi nn n Th Tn cu tr thgian li lc hu tnh, nhng ti sao Tn gi khng xin? Nh vy l phmti t-kit-la.

Tn gi ni l ti khng mun xin c Th Tn cu tr ch g? Ththt, tm ti lc nh b ma m nn ti khng nhn ra, khi nhn ra th s

ri, ti rt n hn. Tn gi ni ti phm ti t-kit-la, ti xin sm hi.

Th nm: Khi c Pht nhp Nit-bn, c mt b gi nghe tin n huPht. B thng mn Pht qu v ri nc mt trn chn Pht, in dutrn chn Ngi. Sao Tn gi khng can ngn b, li git nc mt y lm nhim chn Pht. Nh vy l phm ti t-kit-la.


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Tha Tn gi, l ngi th gi, khi y ti thy b c c mt lngcung knh Th Tn qu nn ti khng dm can ngn b. Nhng Tn gi

bo c li th ti xin sm hi.

Th su: Trc khi Pht Nit-bn, Ngi c dy rng: Th Tn dygii lut cho hng ti gia v xut gia. Ring hng T-kheo th Ngi c dyty ni, ty lc c th x bt tiu tiu gii, ngha l c th b i nhng giiiu vn vt. Ti sao Tn gi khng tha Pht, x tiu tiu gii l nhng tiutiu gii no? Th l phm t-kit-la.

Tha Tn gi, lc ti cng qun tha Pht v chuyn y, by giTn gi ni ti mi nh. Nay Tn gi bo ti sm hi, ti cng xin sm hi.

Khi sm hi xong ri, Tn gi mi c tham d vo trong i hi

kit tp tng c v Php.

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18. Tn gi Kiu-phm-ba- dit

Trc khi A-nan cha chng A-la-hn, khng c d hi, c ngi ngh nn mi Tn gi Kiu-phm-ba-, t Tn gi X-li pht, v yrnh v thuc lng li ca Pht nhiu lm. Hin gi ang trn tri, xin ngh mi xung ch tr kit tp. Th theo li ngh trn, Tn gi iCa-dip cho mt v h ta ln tri mi Tn gi Kiu-phm-ba- v tham dkit tp. Tn gi Kiu-phm-ba- mi hi v h ta rng:

Tha Tn gia, Chuyn php lun tng Ha thng ca ti l X-li-pht by gi u?

Tha Tn gi, Ha thng ca Tn gi dit ri.

Nghe vy, Tn gi git mnh. Tn gi Kiu-phm-ba- hi tip:

c Th Tn, bn s ca Ha thng ti hin gi u?

c Th Tn cng dit ri.


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Nht ng dit nhi nht ng tc.

Nghe xong bi k y, v H ta tr v bch i hi r.

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19. Tn gi X-li-pht v Mc-kin-lin tm o

Trong Kinh, Lut thng hay nhc n hai v t ca c Pht l X-li-pht v Mc-kin-lin. Vy hai Tn gi ny l a? C duyn g m nlm t ca c Th Tn v c c Th Tn cng nh con rut?

T khi xut gia theo Pht, hai v Tn gi X li-pht v Mc-kin-linl hai t ln trong chng t ca Pht. Tn gi X-li-pht l tr tu nht, cn Tn gi Mc-kin-lin l thn thng nht. Hai v ny trc kia

l anh em bn ng tu trong mt mn phi ngoi o thuc phi Lc s.Tng truyn rng, Tn gi X-li-pht l ngi cc k thng minh. Khi bm ca Tn gi mang thai Tn gi m b bin ti v ngi. Trong nh, cng em tn Trng tro Phm-ch, cng l mt nh lun s ni ting, nhng

bin lun khng li b. ng ta mi suy ngh rng, ch mnh mi mang thaim n nh hng n b nh vy, hung h khi sinh n ra th ai lunchin vi n cho ni. Ngh vy cho nn ng quyt ch i hc sau ny lunchin cho hn hai m con mi thi.

---o0o---20. Trng tro Phm ch lun chin

ng Trng tro t tm thy hc lun sut ngy sut m, n nikhng c th gi ct mng tay v qun c co ru tc. Mng tay v vy cdi ra thn tht, cho nn ngi i gi l Trng tro Phm-ch (ngPhm-ch c mng tay di).

Khi hc xong tr v th Tn gi X-li-pht cng ln khn v ang

tu ch Pht. Nghe ni nh vy th ng tm n tinh x ch Pht . Khi ncha gp chu X-li-pht th gp ngay c Th Tn. Gp Pht, ng munlun chin vi Pht. Pht bit ng cho nn Ngi hi ng: Ny Hin gi,Hin gi n y mun bn lun vn g. ng ni: Tha Tn gi C-m,ti c mt ch trng, c Th Tn ni xin Hin gi cho bit tn . ng ni:Ti ch trng d nht thit bt th vi tng (ngha l: ci tng ch ca til khng chp nhn mt tng ch no ht). ng ngh xng ln nh vy th


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chnh Pht cng chu, ch lm sao m bc c. ng ngh, th no mnhcng thng Pht. Nhng bt c Pht hi li ng: D nht thit bt th vitng , ng c chp nhn khng? Nu ni chp nhn th thnh c quanim hn hoi, nu ni khng th cng nh bao nhiu ngi khc, c g c

bit! Th l ng chu thua. ng ngh Thy nh vy, chu ta nay l tca c C-m, ta lm sao tranh lun cho hn c? Qu tht, khi gpchu l X-li-pht, Tn gi li thuyt cho ng nghe v th l cu b chuthuyt phc. T , c cu ln chu u lm t trong gio php ca Pht.Sau khi quy y, ng c tn l Cu-hi-la, chnh l cu ca X-li-pht, hayTrng tro Phm ch, l tn c ca ng.

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21. Tn gi X-li-pht v Mc-kin-lin xut gia

Tn gi X-li-pht v Mc-kn-lin kt bn tu vi nhau trong mtphi ca ngoi o ni ting thi by gi l Lc s ngoi o.

Lch s c n cho bit, giai on trc khi c Pht ra i, thin htn sng V- ca B-la-mn gio. Nhng n thi c Pht, t tng V- khng cn thnh hnh na. Mt s cc trit gia khng cn tin tng ttng V v xng ra thuyt ring nh nhm Lc s ngoi o chnghn. Trong Trng A-hm, kinh Sa-mn qu c ni rt r. Kinh ghi li quanim t tng ca su phi ngoi o . Tn gi X-li-pht v Mc-kin-

lin lc u cng tu theo mt trong su phi ngoi o, nhng khng thykt qu. Hai v mi c hn vi nhau, nu mt trong hai ngi, ngi noc o trc th thng bo cho nhau bit, hoc tm ra chn l trc cngthng tri cho nhau hay.

Tn gi X-li-pht mt hm ang trn ng i, gp T-kheo M-thng (A-thuyt-th), trng thy dng i khoan thai v nh c t tn, mtmy ti tn hoan h, khng l v g u lo ht. Nhn qua hnh dng bn ngoica v y, Tn gi X-li-pht on chc trong tm ca v y cng khng cg vng mc su kh, nn mi ln la n tm hi:

Tha Hin gi, thy ca Hin gi l ai? Thy tu u? Ti trng thybnh thn qu ?

Tha Hin gi, thy ti l i Sa-mn C-m.

Th thy ca Hin gi dy nhng g?


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nhc ti, tc bin ti gi dn chng no th in nh ngi ngng ni khngra li. Tn gi X-li-pht cng trong trng hp . Chnh v t ni nntrong chng c ngi coi thng, khng knh phc.

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22. Tn gi X-li-pht b vu oan

Mt hm, Tn gi xin Pht cho qua mt phng n b ha. c Phtcho php.

Tn gi va i ra khi tinh x th c mt v T-kheo ti bch Pht:Bch c Th Tn, Tn gi X-li-pht lm nhc con nn by gi c trnh mt bng cch xin Th Tn i ni khc b ha, ch tht tnh nginh Tn gi m b vi ha g c. Th Tn lin cho gi Tn gi X-li-

pht li v hi: Ny Tn gi, ng c lm nhc v T-kheo ny khng?.Tn gi X-li-pht tha: Bch Th Tn, t ngy con theo Th Tn ngi, theo li Th Tn dy, con nht tm tu hnh, con khng dm lm nhc aiht, d l mt ch tiu. Con nguyn nhn nhc v nhn nhc nh t nhn nhc, d cho th gian c g trn cng c. Con nguyn lmci chi qut sch t, con khng phn bit g ht, con nguyn qut schcu u cho chng sinh, n no con li m l mt v ng phm hnh l T-kheo ng knh?. c Th Tn lin cho gi v T-kheo kia li ichng.

Khi n trc c Th Tn v Tn gi X-li pht, v T-kheo kia thyn hn v ni: Con thy Th Tn thng khen ngi v qu mn Tn giqu nn con chu khng ni v ni di th thi, ch tht ra vic khngc.

Tn gi l tr tu nht, nn mi khi Th Tn thuyt php cho chngT-kheo, Ngi ch tng thuyt, cn phn bit thuyt th Ngi sai Tn giging rng cho i chng hiu. Cho nn trong Chnh php, c Th Tn lVua php (Php vng), cn Tn gi l Tng php (ng tng ca Chnh

php) hay cn gi l Chuyn php lun tng. Nh vy, trong gio php caPht, Pht l vua, X-li-pht l tng. Tn gi X-li-pht v Mc-kin-lin l hai ngi bn thn thch nhau t khi cn bn ngoi o, cho n khiqua lm t Pht cng vy. Tn gi X-li-pht c tnh khim cung chngno th Tn gi Mc-kin-lin c tnh bc trc chng y.

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23. Tn gi Mc-kin-lin b hi

Mt ngy kia trn ng hnh ha tr v tinh x, gia ng gp phila th Ni-kin-t mun gy s vi Tn gi X-li-pht. N chn ng hirng: Ny tu s, trong chng chnh mng c Sa-mn qu khng? Tn gi Xli pht bit n mun gy s nn tr li lng vng nh vy: Chng chnhmng Sa-mn qu khng, chng Thch-ca Sa-mn qu c A-la-hn cn thamdc th i khng c ngi ngu si. (Sa-mn qu l Tu--hon, T- hm,A-na-hm v A-la-hn). Nghe ni vy, ngoi o tng Tn gi ca ngi hnn th cho i. n khi Tn gi Mc-kin-lin i ti, n hi li cu . Tngi tr li: Trong chng chnh mng cc ngi lm g c Sa-mn qu! Thl chng h nhau nh cho nh t, mu me tung te, nm ngt bn v ngri chng b i. Tn gi X-li-pht i mt qung xa nhn lui khng thyMc-kin-lin u ht, lng nghi c chuyn chng lnh nn quay li tm.

Qu nhin thy Tn gi Mc-kin-lin mu me m a nm ngt ti . Tngi lin dng y qun quanh ngi Tn gi Mc-kin-lin v du v tinh x.Khi v n tinh x, Tn gi cn ni c vi ba cu. Cc v T-kheo xmn vn an v sn sc. C v ni: Chao it Tn gi thn thng qung i,

php l hn ngi, c sao khi b vy m khng thot i?. Tn gi ni: Khinghip lc n, mt ch Thn nh cng khng k.p, hung chi l chThng, lm sao m pht thng c (Nghip lc o thi, thn chi nht tthng bt nng c, hung pht thng tai).

Nghip lc n, tr tay khng kp. Truc cnh , c Pht cho ngi

tr t nhc thn Tn gi Mc-kin-lin. Cng t Th Tn tuyn b bathng sau Ngi s Nit-bn.

Nghe cu tuyn b , Tn gi X-li-pht ly lm bn khon bi ngi,cho nn Tn gi xin php c Th Tn tr v nh thm m gn 100 tuiv xin nhp Nit-bn ti qu nh. c Th Tn im lng. Ngi sai chng T-kheo a tin Tn gi ra i, mt s ni gt v qu vnh bit Tn gi, mts tr v tinh x hu h Th Tn v tip tc tu hc. Khi Tn gi v quthm m, thuyt php cho b nghe, b chng uc php nhn thanh tnh. V

Tn gi cng khng n nhn cnh Th Tn dit trc mnh, nn sau khi cho m xong, Tn gi nhp Nit-bn.

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24. Kit tp Kinh v Lut

Khi c Pht nhp dit ri, cuc kit tp mi bt u. Cuc kit tp tngli Kinh tng v Lut tng.

Trong Lut tng, b Lut u tin theo trong s nhc n l b Bt thptng lut do Tn gi u-ba-li 80 ln ngi tng th mi xong b Lut caPht dy.

Ni dung ca kit tp c ngha nh th no?

Kit tp: Phn t l Samgati, Trung Hoa dch l Chng ng tng; nghal c chng cng nhau tng li li c Pht dy. Tng bng cch no? Tngi u-ba-li hay Tn gi A-nan- ngi gia chng c r tng cu nh:Ngy hm , ti ch , ti c nghe c Pht dy nh th ny, th ny...nu i chng c v no nghe Ngi dy khc, xin pht biu; nu khng ai

pht biu, m im lng, th cho qua. Tip tc tng on khc cng y nh trncho n ht, nn gi l chng ng tng. Cuc kit tp u tin cha c vnt g ht. Kit tp bng ming c ln ri ai ny u ghi nh trong k c mthi. K c ca cc v ton l cc bc A-la-hn th gh gm lm. Nh nhvy ct m tu tp, ch khng c mc ch g khc.

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25. Tn gi u-ba-li tng LutNh vy, v Lut b, u tin l Bt thp tng do Tn gi u-ba-li

tng, ri sau n bin ra 5 b na:

1. m-v-c b (Php tng b) truyn lut T phn, gm 60 cun.

2. Tt-b-a b (Hu b) truyn lut Thp tng, c 60 cun.

3. Di-sa-tc b truyn lut Ng phn, c 30 cun, thuc (Ha a b).

4. Ca-dip-di b truyn tr Gii thot lut, gm 50 cun, thuc Cn bnnht thit hu b.

5. Ma-ha Tng-k b truyn lut Tng-k; c 40 cun, thuc i chngb v c t b.


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Trong thi Pht, Ngi khng phn ra 5 b Lut nh trn; nhng trongqu trnh hnh ha, ty ch phm li m Ngi ch ra gii cho hng t

bit v ln sau ng c phm na. l khi nguyn ca Lut. Sau khi cPht dit , cuc kit tp ln th nht ch tng thun nht l 80 ln ngitng m thi. T v sau, qua s truyn tr ca Tn gi i Ca-dip (MahaKsyapa), A-nan (nanda), Mt-in-a (Madhyntika), Thng-na-ha-tu(Snavsa), u-ba-cc-a (Upagupta) u thun nht v, cha phn d kinv gii lut. n Tn gi u-ba-cc-a l v th 5, nhm khong thi giansau Pht dit 110 nm, lc A-dc vng ra i. A-dc vng l v vua

lc u cai tr rt tn c nn dn chng gn cho ci tn l Hc A-dcvng (Vua A-dc i c). Nhng v sau ci c tng thin, quy y Tam bov tr thnh mt Pht t thun thnh, h tr Pht php mt cch c lc nht,gi l Php A-dc vng.

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26. Nguyn nhn phn ha Lut.

Gio php c Pht do vy cng b iu linh cc v T-kheo mi ondu ha mt phng, khng kt t vi nhau c. Do m t ni mt bBt thp tng lut li chia ra nm ni nm nhm. Nm nhm ny ghi nh vc tng theo nm cch ring v vic hnh tr cng khc, nn to ra nm bLut khc nhau. Nm b Lut l do 5 t ca Tn gi u-ba-cc-a

nm gi v truyn tng. Nm b Lut l:

1. m-v-c b truyn tr T phn lut.

2.Tt-b-a b truyn tr Thp tng lut.

3. Di-sa-tc b truyn tr Ng phn lut.

4. Ca-dip-di b truyn tr Gii thot lut.

5. B-ta-ph-la b truyn tr Ma~ha Tng-k lut.Nm nhm trn u truyn tr Lut tng ring m pht sinh thnh ra 5

b nh trn.

Nm b Lut va nu, v phn chnh th ging nhau, ch c sai khc vBa-dt- v Chng hc php.


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27. Nm b Lun gii thch Lut

Ngoi nhng b Lut chnh trn, sau ny c nhng b gi l b Lun

v Lut. Nm b Lun l g?

1. T-ni mu lun, 8 quyn (tht lruyn).

2. Ma-c-lc-gi lun, gi l Tt-b-a-b T-ni Ma-c-lc-gilun, 10 quyn, do Lu Tng Tng-gi-bt-ma dch.

3. Hai b lun trn da vo Tt-b-a b, tc cn bn Nht thit hu bm gii thch nhng iu trong b Lut m to ra Lun ny.

4. Thin Kin lun, hay cn gi l Thin Kin lut T-b-sa, 18 quyn,do Tiu T Tng-gi-bt-ma dch; ct gii thch T phn lut.

5. Tt-b-a lun hay cn gi l Tt-b-a T-ni T-b-sa, 9 quyn, mttn ngi dch, ct gii thch Thp tng lut.

6. Minh liu lun, hay cn gi l Lut nh thp nh minh liu lun, 1quyn, do Trn Chn dch, ct gii thch gii lut thuc Chnh lng b.

Hai b ny u thuc Chnh lng b, tc mt trong 20 b phi Tiu

tha Pht gio.

* Ni dung ca Lun tng:

Khi ni Lut tng l ni chung c 5 b Lut, gi l Lun tng.

S hnh tr v Lut ti n chc cng c s sai khc cht nh. Khith cc T dng b ny, khi th dng b khc, nn i lc tng chng trongni dung ca n c sai khc.

Nhng ty theo a phng v hon cnh, cc T c th du di phn Hcphp. V vy, khi truyn qua Trung Hoa, T o Tuyn mi ly mt b lmcn bn cho vic truyn Lut, nn T dng b T phn lut, pht trinthnh Lut tng m T l v khai sng. T , T phn lut c din ging,gii thch v truyn b rt mnh.


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Vit Nam chng ta t trc ti nay cng p dng T phn lut hnhtr.

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28. Ni dung T phn lut

T phn lut, 60 cun, do Diu Tn Pht- da-x v Trc-pht-nimcng dch, chia 4 phn:

1. Phn mt, gm 21 cun: Ni dung chuyn ni 250 gii ca T-kheo.

2. Phn hai, gm 16 cun: 9 cun u ni 348 gii iu ca T-kheo-ni;7 cun sau quy nh vic th gii, thuyt gii, An c, T t...

3. Phn ba, c 12 cun: gm cc chng quy nh vic T t tip theo,B cch, y, dc, Casina y, vic xy ra Cu-dim-di, Chim-ba, kit-maHa-trch, v ngi, v ti ph tng, gi, ph Tng, dit trnh, v php T-niv v Php.

4. Phn bn, gm 11 cun: l cc chng ni v phng x, tp, ngbch kit tp, tht bch kit tp, iu b T-ni, T-ni Tng nht.

Tm li, T phn lut gm c 2 phn chnh:

a. Phn th nht ni v gii bn ca T-kheo v T-kheo-ni.

Gii bn ca T-kheo c 250 gii; T-kheo-ni c 348 gii. Theo Namtruyn Lut tng, T-kheo c 227 iu, T-kheo-ni c 311 iu. Cc giiiu tuy c khc, nhng ch khc phn chi tit, cn phn ni dung chnh vnging nhau.

b. Phn th hai ni v 20 Kin- (20 chng) :

1. Chng th gii: thuyt minh v vic th gii.

2. Chng thuyt gii: thuyt minh v nghi thc thuyt gii.

3. Chung An c. thuyt minh v ngha v s vc An c.

4. Chng T t: ni v ngha tc php T t.


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20. Chng tp: thuyl minh xen ln ht thy cc chng v cch trgii.

o Tuyn Lut s trong San b ty c yt-ma tm tt 20 chngthnh 10 iu:

1. Chng tp php: ni tng qut v s duyn thnh, khng thnh cacc php kit-ma .

2. Chng kt v gii gii.

3. Chng ni php th cc gii.

4. Chng ni o, thuc, th tr v thuyt tnh.

5. Chng ni cc php thuyt gii.

6. Chng ni v chng An c.

7. Chng ni v php T t.

8. Chng ni v chia o (ca Tng cht).

9. Chng ni sm hi cc ti.

10. Chng ni vic ct yu ca v Tr tr Pht php.

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29. Ch tr, tc tr

Gii lut th nhiu, nhng khng ngoi hai mn: ch tr v tc tr.

a. Ch tr: L nh ch, nh ch khng lm cc iu c Tc quy nh viu gii, l gii, thuc ch tr.

b. Tc tr: L tu thin, tc l cc iu thin. Tc quy nh v cc phpkit-ma, l Lut, thuc tc tr.

V d: Thc hnh gii bn l ch tr; gi gn 20 kin l tc tr.

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30. Chuyn xy ra Cu-dim-di (Kosambiya)

l chuyn ci ln nhau gia hai thy T-kheo. Kinh dy rng: C 2thy T-kheo Thng ta Php s v Lut s. Thng ta T-kheo php sth gii v php nh T , Thp nh nhn duyn, Bt chnh o... nhng lit chuyn v lut. Tri li, Thng ta Lut s th thng tho, am hiu vlut, rnh mch v lut nh kit gii, An c, T t th rt rnh, nhng khihi v kinh th cng t thng tu cho lm. Cho nn mi Thng ta u cs thin trng khc nhau. L tt nhin, Thng ta Lut s chuyn gi lut,nht c nht ng u hnh tr ng lut; tri li, Thng ta Php s cnggi lut, nhag khng bng v Lut s, m ch ch trng v Php l chnh.

Kinh dy rng: Hm , Thng ta Php s vo nh tm, xong vicqun nc tha trong chu; v Lut s thy vy mi hi v Php s kia:

ti sao tm xong thy nc tha trong chu, nh vy l phm ti t-kit-la. V Php s ni: tha Tn gi, ti v qu, ti rt n hn v xin smhi. Cu chuyn tng vy l yn, ai ng Thng ta Lut s kia emchuyn y ni li vi t ca mnh. t li ni vi m t khc, cth m n m ln thnh ln, lm no ng c tinh x. t ca Thng taPhp s nghe ting n nh vy, cht tai qu, lin i mch li cho thy mnhhay. V Php s ni vi t l, thy xin li v Thng ta y ri, ti saoli xy ra chuyn n o nh th ny. T i ni ln, hai bn khu chin bng

binh kh ming li qua li rt d. Bn o cng chia hai nhm c th lmno ng c tinh x.

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31. c Pht n trong rng

Pht t ni xa v, thy chuyn xy ra: lin hi nguyn do, hai bn cbo th. Pht dy khng nghe. H tha vi Ngi, xin Th Tn, Ngi bitvic ca Ngi, chng con bit vic ca chng con. Can ngn mi khngc nn Pht nh m bnh bt mt mnh vo ni n an tnh. Trongkhi , c mt con voi gi, n cng b my con voi tr quy ph khng

yn, nn i tm ch np. i vo gp Pht, hai bn gp nhau, thy bn nocng c hon cnh y nh nhau, nn cng chung mt ch. Cng ti , cmt con kh gi cng b bn kh tr rung b, nn cng tm ch n thn, n gp Pht. Nh vy, cng vi Pht c con voi gi v kh gi cng huPht. Mi sng voi i ly nc v dng Pht, kh i ly tri cy, mt ong vcng Pht. Cho nn hin nay, trong tranh truyn Pht gio c hnh nh voiv kh dng cng Pht l ghi li chuyn .


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Trong thi gian Pht i vng, hng c s n hu Pht, khng thy Ngi,bn hi Ngi i u vng. Chng T-kheo ni qua loa nn hng c s tychay v cm vn lng thc...Cui cng b qu, h mi ni tht v h cngrt n hn.

Tm li, sau khi bit li, tt c cng nhau ha thun v i thnh Phtv. l chuyn xy ra Kosambi.

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32. Pht dy php Lc ha Kosambiya

Ti Kosambiya, tinh x Ghosita, cc T-kheo ang sng cnhtranh, lun tranh, u tranh nhau, thng nhau bng binh kh ming li.Cc T-kheo khng thng cm nhau, khng chp nhn thng cm,khng t ha gii nhau, khng chp nhn ha gii nhau nn b c Phtgi n la ry (Trung b kinh, HT. Thch Minh Chu dch, tp I, tr.487) vdy cho su php a n an lc:

1. Phi an tr t thn hnh c trc mt ln sau lng.

2. Phi an tr t khu hnh.

3 . Phi an lr t hnh.

4. Ti vt nhn c ng php, cho n thu nhn t trong bnh btphi san s cho cc v ng phm hnh.

5. i vi cc gii lut khng c vi phm, khng t vt, khng vn c,khng u tp v gii thot, c ngi tr tn thn, khng b chp trc, an thin nh. T-kheo sng thnh tu trong cc gii lut y vi cc vng phm hnh c trc mt ln sau lng v phi nht tr vi nhau.

6. i vi cc tri kin thuc v bc thnh, c kh nng hng thin,

khin ngi thc hnh chn chnh, dit tn kh au. Phi sng thnh tu trikin nh vy cng cc v ng phm hnh c trc mt ln sau lng.

Thc hnh 6 php cn ghi nh, to thnh tng i, to thnh tng knhs a n ha ng, a n ha thun trong ha hp nht tr. Nh trongLut ta thy, Pht iu khin chng cng nh mt c gio iu khin lpmu gio. N ng nghnh lm, th nhng, c mt thy T-kheo i v sinh


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th to qu, Pht cng ch ra oai nghi (gii). C mt thy khch Tng i nmt phng ch Tng, khng g ca bo cho ch bit, x ca vo phng. Bt c mt con rn nm trn trn nh, nghe ting x mnh qu, n rt xungni vai thy. Thy hong qu, la ht to qu lm ng nhng ngi xungquanh. Xung quanh n hi: G m la ht to qu vy? V T-kheo ni: Conrn rt trn vai ti. Hi: Thy phng ny sao khng bit con rn lrntrn? Thy ni: Ti phng khc v mi ti y. Cu chuyn bch ln Pht,Pht dy: Trc khi v phng ngi khc phi xin php. Li c trng hpmt T-kheo i kht thc, tng ch no cng vo c ht. Khi thy chmchm bc n mt phng n nhn ang la th nm, thy hong qu, quaylng m u chy. Bt ng chng t ngoi ng i vo, ng chn li hiv ko thy vo nh. Vo nh, thy v ang nm trn trung, ng sinh nghil chc c chuyn phi php nn p thy mt trn nh t. Cc v thiu dctri tc nghe chuyn y, ly lm bc mnh v tha vi Pht. Pht ch gii

rng, i kht thc phi nhn xem hng ch l hng ra sao, hng nh cal hng ra sao, hng phng l hng th no, ch khng phi ch nocng bc ti kht thc c ht, v phi i t hai thy tr ln.

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33. Pht cm dng thn thng thu bt.

Chng ni v tc s: Sm bt nh th no? Loi bt g c sm, loig khng c sm? Bt g c dng, bt g khng c dng? Nn sm

dao nh th no ct hng ngy?

V chuyn bt ny, Pht c qu mt v T-kheo hin thn thng lybt. Chuyn k rng, c mt v ngoi o treo ci bt trn cao, ra iu kin:nu ai hin thn thng ly c th bt y thuc v mnh. C mt v T-kheodng thn thng ly bt v v b Pht qu. T Ngi kit gii cm hinthn thng lm chuyn .

Li cng chuyn kht thc: Mt bui n, mt v T-kheo i vo nh cs kht thc, gp n nhn. N nhn thy v ny tng mo oai nghi v

p trai na nn c ta dng th on chim ot v ny. C ni l phi lmnh c bo, nu khng c s ly mng tay t quo cho rch mt ri vu chothy c xm phm thn th c. V ny khip qu v vng b chy. Chy rang gp chng c tr v hi: sao thy chy d vy? Sinh nghi, lin mithy tr li nh. Vo nh thy v mt mu me rum ra v ni: Thy y vonh v i lm chuyn phi php, em khng chu nn b thy quo rch mt.

Nhn li thy v thy c mng tay rt di nn cng sinh nghi, v cng b


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chng c ta cho mt trn n nh i. Nghe chuyn nh vy, cc T-kheov bch Pht, Pht ch gii khng c mng tay di... Chng ni viu b l thuyt minh v cc ti Thu-lan-gi, t-kit-la...

Ti ni i khi nh vy cc thy, c bit rng, khi c Pht dit ri, kit tp Tam tng mi c mt b Lut, l Bt thp tng lut. Nhngsau ny, v hon cnh bin thin, t ca Pht t Bt thp tng lut mix dch thm bt m to ra 5 b Lut nh hin c. Ni dung 5 b Lut khcnhau l khc v chi tit, ch cc phn chnh u ging nhau.

Ring T phn lut, ni dung c 4 phn, nhng 4 phn tm tt cngchia ra hai phn m thi. l phn gii chnh ca T-kheo v T-kheo-nith v tr tng; phn th hai l ni v 20 Kin- nh ni trc.

---o0o---34. Phn tch gii bn

V sao gi l gii bn? y l nhng gii bn gc, chnh yu ca Luttng. Gii bn ca Tng c 250, ca Ni c 348 gii. Ngoi gii bn, cn c

phn Kin-, dch m ch Khandha, c ngha l nhm, thin, chng.

Phn tch gii bn gm c 8 mc, 250 gii chia 5 thin v 7 t.

Nm thin:

1. Ba-la-di c 4 gii.

2. Tng tn c 13 gii.

3. Ba-dt- gm 30 x a, 90 n a.

4. -x-ni c 4 gii.

5. t-kit-la gm 100 chng hc, 7 dit tr nh .

By t:

1. Ba-la-di.

2. Tng tn.


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3. Thu-lan-gi.

4. Ba-dt-.

5. -x-ni

6. c tc.

7. c thuyt. } t-kit-la.

Nm thin l nng ch ti nng nh ca ti qu. By t l nhng loit cn c ti chnh v nguyn nhn ca n. Thu-lan-gi l phng tinti, tc ti nhn ca Ba-la-di v Tng tn. c tc l ti nh thuc v thn. cthuyt l ti nh thuc v khu.

l chia theo Tiu tha gii. Ring Phm Vng gii, chia hai thin vba t:

Hai thin:

10 gii trng.

48 gii khinh.

Ba t:

...nhip lul nghi gii (gii la c).

...nhip thin php gii (gii hnh thin).

...nhip chng sinh gii (gii ha tha).

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35. Gii thch 4 Ba-la-di

Bn Ba-la-di: Ba-la-di, Phn t l Prjika, Trung Hoa dch l khbvt ra ngoi Tng chng. Ti Ba-la-di c 4, l 4 ti phm vo th coi nh b

b i, vt i. Mc 4 ti ny coi nh b ra ngoi Tng chng, v vy gi lkh (vt b). Phm ti ny gi l bt cng tr tc khng c php tham dtt c cng vic ca Tng. Lun Du-gi-s-a cho rng, khi phm 4 ti nygi l tha thngtc khi phm ti ny th b ma thng. V sao? V ngi tu s


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v nh mt chin s chin u vi 4 th ma: ma phin no, ma ng m, macht, ma tri H nh bng kh gii g? H chin u bng cch hnh tr giilut. Khi ngi tu s khng tr gii, khng gi gii th thua bn th ma ,nh vy l ma thng. Do , phm bn Ba-la-di cng gi l phm tha thng.(Tha l k khc, thng l hn). Phm ti k khc hn gi l tha thng.

Nu phm ti ny th ma hn, cn phm ti di ti y th cn ging co,cha phn thng bi.

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36. Gii thch 13 Tng tn

Mi ba Tng tn: Phn t l Sangh-vasena, phin m l Tng-gi-b-thi-sa, Trung Hoa dch Tng tn. Tng tn c hai ngha:

a. Ngha th nht: Gii lut l tnh mng ca Tng. Khi phm Ba-la-icoi nh cht hn. Cn nu phm Tng tn th nh mt ngi cht m chacht hn, mi hp hi thi; nu cp cu kp thi, gp thy hay thuc tt thc th cu c.

b. Ngha th hai: Phm gii ny nu 20 T-kheo hp li kit-mang php, cho h sm hi th c th tiu dit c ti ny, nn gi l Tngtn. Trong Cn bn nht thit hu b gi l Chng gio. Chng l chngTng, gio l gio dc. Chng gio c ngha phi c 20 v Tng gio c

cho, cho sm hi th mi ht ti.---o0o---

37. Gii thch 2 Bt nh

Hai Bt nh: V sao gi l hai Bt nh? V khng dt khot ti lBa-la-di hay Tng tn hay Ba-dt-. N c th thnh ti Ba-la-di hay tiTng tn hoc Ba-dt- theo li tr tn u-b-di, l v n c s c lng tinthanh tnh kin c, khng nht nh nn gi l Bt nh. Hai ti ny ch lin

h gii bt dm, ch khng lin h cc gii khc.---o0o---

38. Gii thch 30 X a

Ba mi ti X a. Phn t l Nissagiya-pcittiya, Ni-tt-k Ba-dt-l phin m, Trung Hoa dch l X a.


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Ti x v ti a. Loi ti ny l ch cc T-kheo, dng m khiphm vo l tri php th phi a. Mun sm hi ti th phi giachng hoc i mt ngi m x vt ly dng tri php trc ri sm tisau.

Ni cch khc, khi cp n ti x a l cc vt s hu ca T-kheonh y, bt, ta c li khng lm th tc tc php th phi lm php x vt, xti, cha b tm l cha chp, tng tr ti vt khi a lc. N gm 30gii, ai phm, nn a cc phm vt y ra gia Tng, t bn v tr ln xv i trc mt v T-kheo ni ti v xin sm hi.

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39. Gii thch 90 Ba-dt-

Ba-dt- (Pcittiya), Trung Hoa dch l n a. N lin quan n ccti tiu vng ng, c st hi cn trng, cng vi n nhn i chung ngv.v... gm c 90 n a l ti khng dnh dng g n vt dng ht. Phmth b a thi, khng cn x, nn gi l n a.

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40. Gii thch 4 hi qu php

Bn hi qu php, Ba-la- -x-Ni (Ptidesanniya), Trung Hoa dchl Hng b hi. Phm ti ny ch hng ti mt T-kheo khc, ni r lilm phm v xin sm hi. Tm li l ti nh, c th hi ci, ngi phmc th ni ti vi mt T-kheo khc m xin sm hi.

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41. Gii thch 100 hc php

Mt trm hc php. Phin m Phn t l Thc-xoa-ca-la-di (SikkhKaraniya), Trung Hoa dch l Chng hc. Chng hc php l nhng phpcn nn hc. Nh cc sinh hot hng ngy, cc oai nghi nh nht... Php nych yu l t trch ly mnh. y l ti nh nht, ti kh gi nhng ht scd phm. Khi bit phm th t trch ly mnh n nn, t ha ln saukhng ti phm l .

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42. Gii thch 7 Dit trnh

By Dit trnh php, ting Phn l Adhikaramsama-thdharmh, TrungHoa dch l Dit trnh php. Tc by phng php tr ti hay by cch thc chm dt s tranh ci gia chng Tng.

Phm 100 hc php v by Dit trnh kt vo ti t-kit-la, ch tmnim sm hi, hc tp l Ring v T-kheo-ni, Pht u i hn:

1. Ba-la-di khng phi bn, m l tm.

2. Tng tn khng phi 13 m l 17.

3. X a bng nhau.

4. n a khng phi 90 m l 178.

5. Hi qu khng phi 4 m l 8.

6. Mt trm hc php ging nhau.

Cng tt c l 348 gii. Cha ht, Ngi cn trao th mng Pht phpcho Ni na. c bit l Ni c 8 knh php, nhng Tng th c nh bt nh,cn Ni th khng. Nh vy, Ni hn 8, Tng hn 2. Ni th c ng thin lc t.

---o0o---

43. Tnh gii v gi gii

V sao gi l tnh gii v v sao gi l gi gii? Ch ny trong kinhNit-bn c ct ngha kh r. Nhng vic t tnh n l ti. Th d, ni lol ti nng. Lun l th gian cn khng chp nhn vic ni di, du rngtrong thin h khng ai l khng c ni lo. Khi dy lun l, ngi takhuyn khng nn ni lo. V sao? V ni lo l c ti, t tnh n l vy. Clun l nc no dy nn n trm u, mc du trong x hi n trm trnlan, v n trm n thuc v tnh ti. Ci m bn tnh n l ti, th du tu haykhng tu, xut gia hay ti gia, ngi ngi u cho l c ti, cho nn gi ltnh ti. Tuy nhin, khc vi thin h l, mt ngi tu s khi pht nguyntrc c Pht xin gi gii , nu v phm th c ti phm gii, cn ivi ngi khng pht nguyn th gi l phm ti ch khng phm gii. Cnnu h n cp, ni lo, bt qu l phm lut php th gian m thi. Git


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ngi c ai chp nhn khng? Th gian hoc xut th gian cng u cho l ti c; cn bin minh cch ny cch khc, th cng chng qua mt cchchy bt ti m thi. C bn, git ngi l c ti, nn gi l tnh ti.

Gi ti c hai ngha: a. Ngn s c him ca th gian; b. Ngn s phmtrng gii.

a. Th no l ngn s c him ca th gian?

Th d, lm mt tu s m trn i qua i li ngoi ng chc chn bth gian ch ci, mc du khng n cp, khng n trm, khng ni lo. Chonn lm tu s th phi n mc nghim chnh, i ng ngay thng, n nichng chc v du dng ngn s c him ca th gian.

b. Th no l ngn s phm trng gii?

Th d: ung ru khng phi l phm tnh ti, song khi c ru vo dlm cho lon tr, kch thch phm cc trng ti. Vy, ngn s ung ru lmt cch ngn s phm trng ti.

---o0o---

44. Cc yu t kt thnh ti

Mi loi ti, mun kt n l ti phm th phi c cc yu t to thnh.Th d ti st sinh, phi c 5 yu t mi thnh ti:

1. l mt v Tng hay Ni, gi gii , cha x gii.

2. i tng st sinh l ngi, khng phi phi nhn hay vt.

3. Tng ng l ngi. Cn khi tm khng bnh thng, ngi mtng l ma, qu th khng c.

4. C c st.

5. git ngi mt mng ri.

nm yu t mi kt thnh ti Ba-la-di v st sinh. Gi s trong bn yu t, cn mt yu t khng ng, th d ngi m tng l phi nhn,th ch mc ti thng phm c u Thu-lan-gi, ch khng kt vo tiBa-la-di.


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Ti i vng ng: mun kt ti ny trc ht l T-kheo nh php,cn T-kheo khng nh php th khng thnh ti i vng ng. Ngikhng c php T-kheo th d h c ni ti bay ln tri hay chui xung t,c xng g i chng na th cng khng mc ti i vng ng. Nhng nuTng, Ni c th gii T-kheo, T-kheo-ni m ni th mc ti i vng ng.Th hai, i vi i tng mnh ni, h phi hiu, nu khng hiu th cngkhng kt ti c. Th d: mnh ni vi ngi khc, mnh chng A-la-hnri, nhng h khng bit A-la-hn l g th cng khng kt ti mnh i vngng c. Cc gii khc cng phi cc yu t mi thnh ti ch khngring hai gii ny m thi.

Trong cc ti trn va nu, ti Ba-la-di l bt kh cu, nng lm ri,nh bnh ung th giai on cui cng ang ch i t thn. Cn ti Ba-dt-, -x-Ni, Chng hc php, xem nh bnh au u s mi, khng c g

phi nguy cp c. Ch c ti Tng tn hi dy da mt cht, n ang nmgia ln ranh sng v cht. Phm ti ny c tnh cht phc tp. Phm Tngtn, trong mi ba gii th c by gii l n c phm, cn su gii kia th

phi c chng Tng tham d. V d: ti Tng tn th su, v ch t v k tcc. Ngha l khng c v th ch no lm nh cho m t mnh lm ly th

phi trnh vi chng Tng Tng ch ch cho m lm. Nu khng trnh mlm qu lng th phm Tng tn, v c lin h ngi khc, ch khng nc lm l phm lin. Trng hp trn nu khng c chng Tng m nc mt mnh th khng phm. Nu c Tng ch ch m mnh lm qu lngth mi phm. Trng hp khng c Tng no ch ch m lm th khng

phm. Cho nn c lin h vi ngi khc. Hoc ti th by: Hu ch v ktc. Ngha l c th ch lm cho mnh nhng mnh cng phi nh Tng chch v nn x, v phng x, nu khng nh Tng ch ch v nn x, v

phng x m c t lm th phm Tng tn. V n c lin h vi ngikhc. Cn bn ti Tng tn khc l ti th mi, mi mt, mi hai, mi

ba th phi qua ba ln Tng kit-ma can gin. Nu lm m cha c can ginth khng phm. Nu mi can gin mt ln. hai ln m b th phm Thu-lan-gi, ch cha thnh ti Tng tn tht s. cng c lin h ngi khc.

Nu khng ai can gin m lm th phm ti Thu-lan-gi thi. Cn khi phm

th x tr khc. Nu nh khng che du m t pht l ra th b hnh lc dMa-na-a. Ngha l su m lm mt hnh khim cung l h mnh xung phc v cc v thanh tnh Tng khc, t mnh hoan h lm chuyn vlm nh vy chng Tng hoan h, gi l duyt , h, nn gi lc dMa-na-a l lc d h. Theo kit-ma cng gi l h kit-ma hay l chit

phc kit-ma ch khng phi l kit-ma vnh tn (mc tn). l t pht lch khng che du, khng ph tng. Cn trng hp ph tng, phm Tng


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tn m che du, th ty theo s ngy ph tng m pht bit tr. Nu che duti Tng tn hai ngy th pht hai ngy bit tr, ba ngy, bn ngy... th pht

ba v bn ngy bit tr... Tm li che bao nhiu ngy pht by nhiu ngy.Trong khi bit tr khng c lm 35 vic l khng c th gii chongi, khng c lm y ch cho ngi... nu bit tr na chng m phmli th bt bit tr li t u, gi l bn nht tr.

Trng hp ph ha hp Tng. Khi c ngi ph ha hp Tng th ccv T-kheo c, hay cc v T-kheo khuyn can b, nu khuyn can khng bth a ra gia chng ba ln kit-ma, ba ln can. Nu mi tc bch mt choti hai ln m b th phm Thu-lan-gi, ba ln can m khng b th

phm Tng tn. Ngi bn ng vi ngi ph ha hp Tng cng ba lncan gin nh vy m khng b mi phm Tng ln. Ngi hnh tha giahnh c hnh, ba ln can gin m khng b mi phm Tng tn; hoc c

tnh bt th nhn ng, khuyn my cng khng nghe, th a ra gia chngTng, ba ln kit-ma can gin m khng nghe mi phm Tng tn. Nh vy,bn ti ny l c lin h vi chng mi phm.

Tm li, trong trng hp ba ti Tng tn, su ti c lin h vi ngikhc mi thnh ti, cn nu khng lin h th khng thnh ti. Th d: nh

phm Tng tn m khng c ai can gin th ch phm Thu-lan-gi m thi.Phm Thu-lan-gi th ch i trc bn ngi sm hi, ba ngi hay haingi ty theo ti nng nh. N khng dt khot phi 20 Tng th mism hi c. Trng hp tm ra 20 S hp li cng kh, l tt nhin S

phi ng hong, cn S b Tng tn khng sm cng khng sao. TrongLut cng c mt sm hi khc khng cn phi 20.

---o0o---

45. Su trng hp c bit i th sm ti Tng tn

Lut Cn bn Tt-b-a b Lut Nhip quyn 4 c ni rng: C suhng ngi phm ti Chng gio (ti Tng tn) c th i vi mt T-kheom ni ln ti ca mnh th c thanh tnh. iu ny c bit, lu nay t

nghe. Su hng ngi l ai?

1. L ngi thng hiu Kinh tng.

2. L ngi thng hiu Lut tng.

3. L ngi thng hiu Lun tng.


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Nu ba hng ngi ny ri c phm Tng tn th c th du di mt cht,ch h thu hiu Kinh, Lut, Lun u phi hng tm thng. Xt ra, hcng c s tu hnh kin tr, ch nguyn cng cao c nh th no mi thngtho Kinh, Lut, Lun nh vy ch, cn nu bing nhc, n chi th thnghiu Kinh, Lut, Lun sao c. Thnh th vi hng ny khng th bt phitrc hai mi S xin sm hi (nn nh kt ti th c th bn ngi mxut ti Tng tn th phi hai mi). H ch cn i trc mt v Sthanh tnh ni ti ca mnh ra th c thanh tnh.

4. L hng ngi c bit tnh h thn, bit tm qu, khng phi l,ng ngnh, c ti m dng dng t c.

Hng ngi ny c ti l xu h lm, nn khi phm ti Tng tn cngkhng buc trc hai mi S xut ti m c th mt v S thanh tnh sm

hi, ni ln ti ca mnh l thanh tnh. Chng ta bit hng ngi bit xu hnu khi h bit l ca h b em ra ni gia chng Tng ng o nh vy,h xu h c th t t, b gii hnh thi tu ngay.

5. L hng Thng ta Trng lo (Trng lo trong chng). trongchng m c mt v Trng lo ln nht th tt nhin v ny cng dycng tu hc nh th no, mi c tn xng l Trng lo. Cn n ri ichi rong th ai tn ln Thng ta Trng lo? Nh vy nu c l phmTng tn th c th i vi mt v Tng thanh tnh sm hi th ht ti. Chcn mt v Thng ta Trng lo trong Chng em ra gia Chng, m

Chng u l h ta l t, mc du khng phm Tng tn m xin sm hivi h ta, sm sao c. Vic ny trong lut cng c chm chc, c cngc ti cng phi cn nhc, ch lm ng Thng ta Trng lo tu cng bcu, v phi c trnh mi ti mc , l c phm em ra x cng kh, vli chng Tng cn nng nh ni ng nhiu chuyn lm.

6. L hng ngi i phc c. c Pht c ni rng: C trng hply mt nm mui b v trong chn nc, chn nc mn ung khng c.Trung hp y nh trng hp ngi c t vic thin qu, by gi h lmmt vic c th hn cng ly c lun, nh nc mn ung khng c.

Nhng cng c trng hp ly mt nm mui b lrong mt ci b nc, hnc hay bin nuc, nc vn ung c. Trng hp ngi i phcc cng y nh th, y nh bin nc . By gi l c phm Tng tn nh

b mt nm mui, n cng khng lm cho bin nc ung khng c,m vn dng c nh thng. i , n c ngha nh th.


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--- o0o ---


46. Su trng hp sm dit ti Tng tn.

Li c mt bn khc trong Hnh S Sao quyn h, ni hi khc mtcht. Cng ni c 6 hng ngi phm Tng tn c th tm nim sm (bnCn Bn Tt-b-a b th i th sm) ca o Tuyn lut s, T sng lpLut tng vit.

1. Hng Thng ta phm Tng tn. Khi thy nh th cc ngi khcsinh tm kiu mn, tc h cng c li, cng mt nh, cho nn c Pht ni:nu Thng ta nht tm sinh nim sm hi th c thanh tnh

2. Hng Thng Ta m c Tng, tc thin hu a s iu bit tingtm. i vi hng ny nu c phm Tng tn cng khng x nh ngikhc, em ra gia chng Tng hai mi Tng xut ti, m h c th tmnim sm th c thanh tnh.

3. Hng a tm qu. L hng ngi m ng tnh g l bit tm qu,nu em ra gia chng Tng ng hai mi Tng xut ti h mc c cth x gii b tu, hay c th xu h cht i thi v h nhy cm. Nu h tmnim sm th c thanh tnh.

4. L hng ngi bnh qu nng, gi khng c, khng sc msm hi...

5. L hng ngi tr x mt mnh m phm Tng tn, khng 20 vT-kheo thanh tnh cu sm hi, m i qua x khc th gp gic, b gichi m cht, t nhin mi s u ht, nn h c th tm nim sm.

6. L trong chng Tng ca mnh ang , khng c ai thanh tnh ht.

V ny bit li, i qua x khc tm cc v Tng thanh tnh xin sm hi,nhng lo i gia ng b gic git cht, s vic cng ht.

Su hng ny, c Pht ni nht tm sinh nim nh php sm hi thngi c thanh tnh, khi cht c sinh Thin thng.

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47. Sm hi ti Ba-la-di v Tng tn

Chng ca Pht c chng 20 ngi, c chng 10 ngi, c chng 4ngi, c chng 3 ngi, c chng 1 ngi v t tm sm. Chng 10 lchng khi th i gii. Trong gii ca Pht ch, th ti Ba-la-di l ti nngnht. Mun sm hi th phi sm vi 20 ngi. Nhng ni ti Ba-la-di msm hi vi chng 20 ngi c sao? V Ba-la-di l ti bt kh sm.

Nhng khi ni sm vi 20 ngi l trng hp ngi phm bit n nn hihn, nu bt ti khng cho sm th h c th bun nn v t t. H thngchic o Ca-sa, a i sng tu s qu, v vy khi phm h cng rt n nn hihn. Trng hp ny lut cng cho php h hc php Ba-la-di. Ngi munhc php Ba-la-di cng i trc chng Tng 20 ngi xin php vchng Tng 20 ngi kit-ma cho php hc php Ba-la-di. Khi c phpri vn khng c tham d Tng s, ch c gi hnh thc tu s trong

cha. Trng hp sm vi 20 ngi l trng hp ny, nn ch dnh choTng ch Ni khng c chuyn sm ny.

Mun sm hi li Tng tn th sm hi vi ai? Tng phm ti Tng tn,nu khng che du th trong su m hnh Ma-na-a, phi sm hi trcTng 4 v tr ln. Cn Ni th trong 15 hm hnh Ma-na-a, phi sm hitrc hai b Tng, mi b 4 v tr ln. Khi tc php xut ti, th phi 20v Tng xut ti cho Tng, v 20 Tng, v 20 Ni xut ti cho Ni. Nu thiuth ti Tng tn khng ht.

---o0o---

48. Sm hi ti Thu-lan-gi

Mun sm hi ti Thu-lan-gi th sm vi ai? Ty theo thng phm,trung phm, h phm Thu-lan-gi m sm. Thng phm sm vi 20ngi, trung phm sm vi 4 ngi, h phm sm vi 3 ngi. Ti ny thsm hi c.

---o0o---

49. Sm hi ti Ba-dt- -x-Ni t-kit-la

Sm hi ti Ba-dt- th trc mt ngi, -x-ni cng vy. Cn tit kit la sm hi vi ai? Khng sm hi vi ai ht, m khi xy ra, mnh ttrch ly lng mnh thi. Th d, khi mnh lm iu g bit l sai, ngh


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rng: Ti n nn qu, by qu, mnh lm iu sai qu, sau ny khng nnlm na. Th l ht ti.

Mun sm hi th phi tm v T-kheo no khng c ti m sm, cntm nhng v c ti m sm th c m mt la, coi nh hu, khng sm chiht.

Tng, Ni l chng xut gia, Ni c nhiu gii hn. Cho nn c nhnggii Ni, Tng ng nhau, nhng cng c nhng gii Ni, Tng khc nhau.Phm cng nh th. Trong gii st, o, dm, vng, T-kheo, T-kheo-ni

phm th ghp vo ti Ba-la-di, cn Sa-di, Sa-di-ni phm th ti t kit la,ui ra khi cha m thi. V Sa-di, Sa-di-ni khng cng cng tr kit gii,cho nn c phm cng khng gi l phm ti bt cng tr, ch khng cho thgii tip m thi.

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50. Mi tm vic a n ph ha hp Tng

Trong Hc php c mt gii cn phi nhn nh r, l gii ph ha hpTng. Tng t 4 v tr ln, khng bit chng m ng mt kit-ma, ngthuyt mt gii, gi l Tng ha hp. C 18 vic dn n s ph Tng hahp:

1. Php ni l phi php (nh Tm thnh o l con ng duy nht an Nit-bn, li cho khng phi hoc khng duy nht).

2. Phi php ni l php (tri vi trn).

3. Lut ni l phi Lut (Tm thnh o l nn tng ca Lut, li ni lkhng phi. Hoc bn Thnh chng l Lut, li cho l khng phi Lut).

4. Phi Lut ni l Lut (tri vi trn).

5. Phm ni l khng phm.6. Khng phm ni l phm.

7. Phm khinh ni l phm trng.

8. Phm trng ni l phm khinh.


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9. Phm hu tn ni l v tn (tn l d tn; phm nhng ti c th smhi l hu tn, cn ti Ba-la-di khng th sm hi gi l v tn).

10. Phm v tn ni l tn (tri vi trn).

11. Ti th c ni l phi th c.

12. Ti phi th c ni l th c.

13. Thng s hnh ni l phi thng s hnh (php thng s hnhch cho tm Thnh o, php phi thng s hnh ch cho 5 iu ca -b-t-a).

14. Phi thng s hnh ni l thng s hnh.

15. Ch ni l phi ch (iu lut Pht cm ch ni l khng phi cmch).

16. Phi ch ni ch (tri vi trn).

17. Thuyt ni l phi thuyt (nhng iu do chnh Pht dy ni lkhng phi).

18. Phi thuyt ni l thuyt.

Duyn khi t -b-t-a.

Trong Lut ni ph Tng c hai th: Ph kit-ma Tng v ph phplun Tng.

Ph kit-ma Tng: L cng trong mt gii, tch ra B-tt ring,hoc ph khng cho Tng kit-ma.

Ph php lun Tng: Php lun gi l Bt chnh o... Pht chuynPhp lun, chuyn T , Bt chnh o php lun. By gi khin Tng bBt chnh o ca Pht nhp vo t o gi l ph php lun Tng.Trng hp ph php lun Tng phm ti ng nghch, nhng n l ti khhi, ch khng phi l ti Ba-la-di, m l ti Tng tn. Cn ph kit-maTng khng phi ti ng nghch m l ti kh sm thuc Thu-lan-gi. Ph

php lun Tng t nht l phi c chn ngi. Trong chng 9 ngi tchra 5 ngi, mt ngi xng l Pht v a ra mt gio thuyt khc vi Pht,


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bn ngi kia ph ha theo gio thuyt t xng l Pht . Nh vy l hph chng Tng ang nghe theo php lun ca Pht nn gi l ph php lunTng. Ph php lun Tng ch xy ra khi Pht cn ti th. Cn sau khi Phtnhp dit khng cn nn ph ph php lun Tng na. Du cc T bnTrung Hoa c lp ra tng ny phi n, khng phi l ph php lun Tng,

bi v cc T u tn Pht lm gio ch. Th n, nh hin nay b ThanhHi t xng l V thng s hay nc ta c ngi t xng l U minh gioch, hay l g g i na cng khng thnh vn , v h khng phi l T-kheo, nn cng khng phi l ph php lun Tng, v h c thnh Tng um gi l ph Tng. Ph php lun Tng l T-kheo -b-t-a i tranhvi Pht, r thm bn ngi l T-kheo Tng-bt, Kin-tr-bt-, Cu-b-li, Ca-lu--x vi thy (tc -b-t-a) l nm, kt bn vi nhau, khtthc t nh n n nh kia. Pht ni cc thy khng c bit chng khtthc nh vy, T-kheo -b-t-a tc gin m ni: Nh lai Sa mn

chn ng ming n ca ngi khc cho nn thy rp tm phn, tch ringthnh chng v xng ln 5 php khc vi Pht, cho hn Pht.

Th nht: Pht ch: Thng hnh kht thc, th kht thc, nu cai mi n th chp nhn, nu c ai h cng cng chp nhn. By gi -b-t-a lm tri li li Pht. Thy ch trng ai cng cng khng n, ai mith thc cng khng nhn, ai cho thy cng khng ly, ch c i kht thcm n thi.

Th hai: Pht ch: Phn to y, tc y lm vi vt b bi tha ma,

em v ty ra cho sch m may y. Tuy nhin, nu c ai cng y cng nhnlnh. By gi thy ch trng: phn to y l y chnh, cn ai cng y mi thycng khng nhn.

Th ba: Phl ch: L a ta hay th h ta, nhng nu c ai cngtinh x, cng cha th cng . Thy ni khng c, thy ch ngi t trnghay di gc cy m thi. Cn nu ai cng cha, tinh x, ging ng thycng khng nhn.

Th t: Pht ch: Khng c n b, du cch m. Thy nikhng cch m cng khng c n.

Th nm: Pht ch: Ty th c thc, c php th tam tnh nhc lbt kin, bt vn, bt nghi (tc khng thy ngi ta git, khng nghe tingku ca vt b git v khng nghi ngi ta git cng cho mnh). Thy chtrng, du c cng cng khng n.


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Nm php ngc li bn ca Pht. Thy ch ra gii ca thykhng dnh g vi Bt chnh o. Bt chnh o l Chnh tri kin, Chnh tduy, Chnh ng, Chnh nghip, Chnh mng, Chnh tinh tn, Chnh nimv Chnh nh. Pht cho tu nh vy mi c o, nhng thy ni tu nh thymi c o, bng cch ch nm u nh trn, khng cn Bt chnh o.Thy ch ra mt gio thuyt v thy t xng Pht, nn thy b ghp vo ti

ph php lun Tng. Nhng ti theo Lut l ti Tng tn. Nu ph nhvy m khng ai can ngn c, cng khng phi l ti Tng tn. Ti Tng tnnh trong Lut ni l nu c bch t kit-ma can gin xong, m thy khng

b mi mc ti, nhng mi bch nh kit-ma m thy b th ch phm Thu-lan-gi. C nhng trng hp lm nhng khng phm l trng hp mingn b. Th hai l khi Pht cha ch gii . Th ba, nu chng Tngmun kit-ma mt ti no m phi php bit chng kit-ma, phi php hahip chng kit-ma, nh php bit chng kit-ma, nh php tng t bit

chng kit-ma, nh php tng t ha hp chng kit-ma, th u vp phikit-ma phi tng, du c 3 ln khuyn, m v kit-ma khng ng , ktti cng khng thnh.

Cho nn bn x ti phi ng t cch mt ng Lut s lm th tcmi kt ti c, tri li, khng phi l Lut s, lm khng ng th tc thli cng khng kt ti ngi ta c, mc du ngi c ti. V d, nuthy l ng Tng, thy ang sa son ph ha hp Tng, nhng ti chnhnh ng phi php y li du tnh gia thy v ti c sc m, cng khnggi l ph Tng. Hoc kt tp mt, hai, ba ngi lm kit-ma ph Tng,cng khng gi l ph Tng, v khng 5 ngi. Hoc ph nhng k c trithc, nhng ngi mun lm tn hi hay sp sa lm tn hi cho Tng, cho

php, cho Ha thng, cho A-x-l, lm cho mt ch , cng khng gi lph Tng.

Ph php lun Tng ny, bt k Tng cng ni gii, ngoi gii uph c ht. Cn ph kit-ma Tng l cng trong mt gii mi ph kit-ma Tng c. Ph php lun Tng ch c T-kheo, cn Ni khng ph c,v Ni khng lm Pht c, nn khng ph c. Ph kit-ma Tng l phi

ngi chung li kit-ma, b thm, tch ra mi ph, ch khng phi ti ngyB-tt b i chi gi l ph Tng. Th d hm nay c 20 ngi, mi v giitrng 12 ngi, cn 8 ngi b i chi. Tm ngi khng v gi l phc khng? Khng c. Khi no ngi li b thm, c ngi xi s khngchu ngi chung vi nhau na, tch ra B-tt ring bit gii mi gi l phkit-ma Tng. Nu c ai v trong gi B-tt m la li n o cng khng phil ph kit-ma Tng. m ch phm ti cu Tng, ph php lc ha, phm


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php nhng khng phm gii. Nu bit mt s ngi mun ph Tng, thcc v T-kheo nn can h ng ph, v ph Tng mang ti nng lm, b aa ngc, kh s v cng. V d d h: Nu thy cn y ti cng y, cn o ticng o, cn t s cng dng ti xin cng ht. Nu thy khng chu thnn n v u-b-tc thn cn thy , nh khuyn h ng ph Tng mmang ti, thi ng nn ph Tng, nu cn g ti xin cng dng ht. Thmch, nu thy tu khng c, th ti s ci v cho, nhng thy ng phTng. Th cho hay, trong Lut ni, khi mt ngi lm ng Tng, Pht thyqu lm, v thy qu cho nn thy l c phm gii th cng tm mi cch gii s phm gii ca thy, ch khng tr lin. Phi ba ln can gin ,trc khi can gin th phi nh ng ny b kia c thn c th n can nkhuyn, d d vt cht khuyn ng ph Tng. Nu tu khng c th tici v gip , ch ng ph Tng. Nu c tnh khng chm dt, th btthm, khu xut ng i ra khi ch y m thi. Khi ui ra khi a

phng y ri th phi xng ln rng: Cc i c, ng ph Tng i nch nn thn trng, ch cho ngi khc h lm, i theo. Cho nn, khi kit-ma trc xut th ng i n u phi thng bo cho h bit, cnh

bo h ko h khng bit chng Tng ui ng .

Ni tm, c 2 cch ph ha hp Tng:

1. Ph php lun Tng: Trng hp -b-t-a ph php lun Tngkhi Pht ti th. Sau khi Pht nhp dit khng c ph php lun Tng. Cchthc ph l: t xng Pht ring, c php ring, khng nghe theo php lun

ca Pht.

2. Ph kit-ma Tng: Trng hp trong cng mt kit gii, cng mtthuyt gii, cng mt kit-ma, ng gii. Tt c mi vic g cng cng mtkit-ma ht. Nhng by gi c ngi sinh s, lp ra mt nhm to ra s btha, ri a n kit-ma, tp hp ly biu quyt kit-ma tch ra lm hainhm, gi l ph kit-ma Tng.

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51. Th no l Tng?

Tng, Phn t l Sangha, Trung Hoa dch l ha hp chng. Vn tt gil Tng. c Th Tn sau khi thnh o, s chuyn Php lun T


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cho 5 anh em Kiu-trn-nh (Ajnata Kaudingha), A-thp-b (Asvlit), Bt-(Bhadrika), Ma-ha Ma-nam (Mhamnan) v Thp-lc-ca-dip(Dshadakasypa). Ngi Tam bo hnh thnh t y. V Ni, Pht choMa-ha Ba-x-b- (Maha Prajapati) v Cng cha Da-du--la (Yasodara)cng c Pht cho xut gia, t y T-kheo-ni bt u hnh thnh.

Thng thng khi ni n Tng, in tung ch cho T-kheo, ch Tngl ch cho T-kheo, ch Ni ch cho Ni b. Ni nh vy c hi gng p, pt. Tht ra ch Tng l ni chung ht. l T-kheo, T-kheo-ni Tng.Tng c ngha l ha hp chng. Chng y gm 4 ngi tr ln. Chng ny

phi ha hp, gi l Tng. Ni cng vy. Bn Tng gi l T-kheo Tng, bnNi gi l T-kheo-ni Tng. Khi gi l Tng, mt ngi cng gi l Tng thkhng ng. Mt ngi s d gi l Tng v h trong on th bn ngitr ln, ng gii, ng thuyt gii, ng kit-ma... ring mt c nhn th

gi l T-kheo thi. Cho nn, khi gi Tng l nhm 4 ngi tr ln, cn gii c Tng c hm tn trng ton th cc v xut gia, cc v c tu hnh,c gii hnh.

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52. i gii

Trong Lut ni: Bn Tng kit gii rng nht l 10 Cu-l-x, tckhong 18 ki-l-mt. Nu gia l gii trng th bn ny 9 km, bn kia 9

km Tng hai bn cng ti d B-tt cho tin. Nu v no s i khngkp th phi i sm kp B-tt. Cn pha bn Ni, kit i gii l mt Cu-l-x, tc khong 1,8 km, l i gii ln nht.

Cn i gii nh nht l trong mt gi-lam. Th d ti cha T m, tikit mt i gii, nu chng T m c 4 ngi tr ln th na thng phithuyt gii. S thuyt gii c ngha rng, vi cc v Tng cng sngchung, na thng phi hp mt li kim im hnh ng ca nhau, nhgii mnh th c gi ng khng, phm hay khng phm, nhc nh chonhau trong vn tu hnh. Nu c phm phi lo sm hi. Cho nn nu trong

cha c 4 ngi tr ln, c th kit gii trng trong mt gi-lam thuyt gii, mi na thng l ng Lut. Khi kit gii ri, n gi thuytgii, nu trong chng hm c ai vng mt, v l do g, khng d dc lmc ti bit chng. H Ni, cha Qun S v cha B cch nhau mtki-l-mt, nhng bn no thuyt gii bn , ch ch Tng khng i qua li.Khi cha c v khch Tng n tr, gp ngy thuyt gii, v khch coinh ng thuyt gii vi chng Tng . Nu v Tng khng thuyt gii v


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khng ni d dc th coi nh bit chng. V vy, ti v Ha thng MinhChu ra cng tc Pht s ti H Ni, cha Qun S, khi ng ngy thuytgii, c mt v Tng Tri s trong cha n tin cho bit, tha hai Ha thng,sng nay B-tt. Nu mnh lm thinh l chp nhn i B-tt; nu bn vic thni ti xin d dc, cn khng ni m i l mc ti bit chng. Trng hpmnh l khch Tng, h khng cho mnh bit m c thuyt gii l kit-ma

phi tng. Trung hp cng y nh ti Gio hi tnh Tha Thin ngytrc, cc cha vn n thuyt gii ti cha Linh Quang, m ti cha BoQuc, Ha thng Tr Th vn kit gii cho chng Tng bn thuyt gii.V ngay by gi, pha bn Ni cng c 3 ch thuyt gii l Diu c, Hngn v Diu Vin, nh vy vn ng Lut. S d lu nay c ni Gio hi tptrung chung mt tnh ti mt im thuyt gii, l ngm ng vinhau v nhc nh nhau trong vn tu hnh. Trong , ngi khn vcho ngi di, ngi hay nhc cho ngi d, l nh th. Cn nu tng

cha ring, cha li bn ngi m ngi no cng km ht, thuyt gii cngc nhng khng thng th khng hay. Thi, th ha ng chung, trong ngi hay km ngi d th n hay hn. Phi hiu r ni dung v phi

bit i gii v gii trng l nh vy .

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53. Gii trng

V sao phi kit gii trng? V d, trong chng c 30 ngi, thng bo

sng nay n thuyt gii. Khi n, thy ny ti gc ny i, thy n gc kiai, thy khc ti gc n ngi, ngi i nhau mi hoi khng bit thuyt chno. V th phi quy nh mt ch, mt gii trng nht nh no thuyt gii. Cho nn, khi n thuyt gii ai cng n ht. Ai khng nc th xin d dc. Khch Tng c mt trong ngy thuyt gii cng phi dthuyt gii, nu Tng a phng hay Tng thng tr khng bo cho h

bit thuyt gii l kit-ma phi tng. H khng bit khng n khng ddc l mang ti bit chng.

Tm li, s d c kit gii trng l v i gii rng qu, nu khng kitmt ch cho chng Tng bit th khi c vic cn bn ngi, hoc 10 ngilm m bt chng Tng 30, hay 40 ngi hp li th phin phc m mt thgi qu. Th d, vic th i gii cho T-kheo cn 10 ngi thi, m btchng Tng 20 ngi ngi ch c ngy th ph th gi.

Php kit-ma ni: Ln th c i gii, gii trng, nh hn na th ctnh tr tnh a, tnh kh, nhip y gii. Nhip y gii cng gi l Bt tht y


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gii. Nu i gii nh hn hoc bng t Tng gi-lam th khi kit giiny. Nu i gii rng hn t Tng gi-lam th phi kit gii ny. Khi kit

phi thm cu: Tr thn, thn x ngoi. Tc y khng c vo ch dnc. Phm vi gii ny chung vi i gii.

Trng hp i gii khng c gii trng th i gii ch c tngbn ngoi m thi, v bn trong ny khng c g ht. Nhng trng hp ckit gii trng th n c 3 gii hn:

Gii trng ngoi tng: T gii trng ny mt khong t trngmt n hai thc, trong khi kit gii, nu c ngi i ngang qua li thkhng phm. T khong t trng c ng ranh gii gi l i gii nitng, l tng bn trong ca i gii. ng ngoi gi l i gii ngoitng, tng bn ngoi ca i gii. Nh vy, nu c gii trng th n s

c ba tng (ba gii hn), tng ngoi ca gii trng, tng ni v tngngoi ca i gii. Khi kit th kit gii trng trc, ri mi n kit igii ni tng v cui l kit i gii ngoi tng. Sau khi tp Tng li, cmt v cu tr T-kheo hay mt v rnh ni v tr , ng ra xng cc gii rng: hm nay chng Tng kit gii, ti l ngi cu tr T-kheo, quen

bit khu vc ny, xin nu cc tiu tng. ng gip mc gii A, ty gipmc gii B, nam gip mc gii C, bc gip mc gii D. l gii trng mi khi thuyt gii, th gii v.v... th tng gii, tc php s, gii trng nhnht, hp nht cng phi ch cho 21 ngi ngi phng khi xut tiTng tn. Nu rng na cng tt. T gii trng tr ra l tng bn trong

ca i gii. Nhng kit i gii rng nht cng ch l 10 cu-l-x, tc 18km v Ni l 1,8 km. i gii hp nht l mt cha, mt tr x. i gii cngi l nhip Tng gii. Nu c cng vic g ca chng Tng trong i giith chng Tng phi tham d, nu khng tham d chnh thc th phi d dc.

Nu khng tham d v khng d dc l mc ti bit chng, cn ai ngoii gii th thi. Nu trng hp c mt khch trong i gii, khi thuytgii khng bo cho thy v bit d, hoc c bo m thy khng d vkhng d dc m thuyt gii l mc li kit-ma phi tng. Cho nn trongLut ni tnh cht ha hp, nhng ha hp trit ch khng phi ly tnh

cch thiu s phc tng a s nh hi ngh thng thng.Thuyt gii, th gii u nm trong gii trng. Cn cc vic khc

khng v gii trng m tp Tng ch no trong i gii lm cng c.Th d, kit-ma lm sch v xanh mi trng nh cha ang sng, th khi tpTng li v tuyn b, sng nay xin chng Tng ra trng cy l c, khngcn vo gii trng.


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Ngoi ra cn c t nhin gii (tc tiu gii). Ngoi i gii, khi i u, gp ngy B-tt th quy qun li, ngi vng quanh st nhau ly lmkhu vc gii thuyt gii hay T l. Xong vic ri, x b i, tc lymnh lm mc gii, ch khng phi ly ci mc ny, mc kia lm ranh giig c; gi l tu gii trong t nhin gii. Nu khi kit tiu gii m c mts ngi cng i khng ng , th mnh tm ai ng quy qun nhau lim kit tiu gii hay T t, xong ri th gii tiu gii y i. l kit tiugii.

Khi kit th kit gii trng truc, kit i gii sau. Khi x th x igii trc, x gii trng sau. Nh khi mc o th o trong trc, o ngoisau; khi ci th ci o ngoi trc, o trong sau.

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54. Tht dit trnh

Tc l by cch thc chm dt s tranh c gia chng Tng. ChngTng thng c 4 s tranh ci l:

1. Ngn trnh: Tranh ci v php tng ng hay sai. Do s tranh ci ym khi ln s bt ha trong Tng chng, gm c 18 vic a n tranh ci.

2. Mch trnh: Do s tm li ca ngi khc m khi ln tranh ci, nhn

khi dng ba cch c ti l bt kin c, bt sm c v bt x c xt tm tithuc ph gii, ph kin hay ph oai nghi do thy, nghe, hay nghi.

3. Phm trnh: Tc bnh lun s phm gii ca ng T-kheo h haytht, ng hay khng ng; c tht hay ch l s n i m ra...

4. S trnh: Tranh ci v vic kit-ma nh vy nh php hay khng nhphp. V d, vic nh vy nn bch nh, bch t kit-ma hay n bch; bchnh vy l ng php hay phi php.

Do bn vic va nu m khi ln tranh ci. Mun chm dt s tranh ci, phi dng by phng php sau y chm dt s tranh ci (dit trnh:chm dt s tranh ci).

1. ng d hin tin T-ni ng d hin tin T-ni: Hay ni tt l hintin T-ni, cng c t khc na l Din tin ch trnh lut, tc lut chm dts tranh ci gia hin din.


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Hin tin T-ni l g? L c v tranh ci v cn c v i cht gia haibn A v B. Vn tranh ci y phi c mt A v B i cht nhau giiquyt. Trong lc hin tin, cn dn chng li dy trong kinh Pht hoc dnLut xt on vic tranh ci c ng vi Kinh php hay khng ng vikinh php ca Pht. em li php ca Pht gii quyt s tranh ci . Thd: Ba kia, c ngi n cm khng ht v sau em , ngi khc likhng c n nn chng Tng em ra ci nhau. Khi y phi dn Kinh ra thuyt phc: Thy nn bit, trong php Lc ha c li ha ng qun, thykhng gi php Lc ha, khng chia cho ngi khc, nh vy l khngng. Ch cho hai bn thy chm dt s tranh ci.

2. ng d c nim T-ni ng d c nim T-ni: Cng gi l c chtrnh lut. y l Lut nhc nh ngi phm bit mnh lm, chm dtvic tranh ci. V d: Trong khi ci nhau v chuyn c ti hay khng c ti,

trc ht phi ngi c ti nn nh li. Vy nn hi: Thy nh li thy cphm ti hay khng phm. Nu thy nh l thy khng phm m chngTng c gn hi hoi, th thy xin Tng bch t kit-ma cho thy nh li (cnim). T cho qua, khng ai c php hi. Cho qua trong trng hpthy sng nghim tc sng ng lut, c hnh, c tu, sng gn thin trithc, ch cn thy sng b tha, thiu nghim tc... hi thy, thy ni tikhng nh th khng cho qua c.

3. ng d bt si T-ni ng d bt si T-ni: Cng gi l bt si ch trnhlut. Chm dt s tranh ci bng bt si. Tc ngi phm gii trong lc tinh

thn b bn lon, bt thng, b thn kinh, th phi kit-ma bt si T-ni ch khi bnh mi em xt thy sm hi, ch by gi thy ang ln cnin m em ra xt (bt si) th khng xt c. Khi no thy tnh ri mixt.

4. ng d t ngn tr ng d t ngn tr: Cng gi l t pht l chtrnh lut. Ngn tr y l ngi t ni ln ci li ca mnh phm mtr. C nhng li t ni ln l c th theo m x khng cn gn hi, travn, p bc.

5. ng d mch ti tng, ng d mch ti tng: Cng gi l c chtrnh lut. Tc ngi phm ti khng ni ti ca h ra, c ni quanh co,mu thun, ln ngc ln xui, ni in o. Khi phi nu tng tngmt thy y phm, phi l gii ti khng th chi ci c a thy ra bt thynhn ti. V d ti n cp. Khi hi thy c n cp khng, thy y chi v nikhng n cp. By gi chng Tng

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