B B 8 aRT R ii C K H.O B P e M eBB.R K, TOM XIII HOBblF. IlAHHblE 0 XPI1CTHAHAx·cnAXI1HX 18S

S. A. lJBETKOBA

HOBbIE AAHHbIE 0 XPHCTHAHAX·CnAXHHXHA GAAKAHCKOM nOAYOCTPOBE B DEPHOATYPEI!KOrO

rOCnOACTBA

Bonpoc 0 K.J\aCCOBbIX pa3.J\H t1HJlX B cpC,lte 3aBOCBaHHblX TypKaMH oaAKall­

CKliX HapO,lt08 II 0 cy,ltb6e MecTHoii <l>eO,lla.J\bHoii apncToKpaTHH HenocpeAcTBcuHO

noc.J\e YCTaHoB.J\eHH1I Typell.Koro rOcno,ltCTBa npllBAeKaeT B ,nOCAe,ltUee BPC~IH

oc06eHHo 60Abwoe 8HUMaUHe KaK BH3aHTHHHCTOB. TaK Ii OC:\faHHCTOB. B pH,lt(·

H3,llaHHH 6b1A'H onyo.J\HKoBa·Hbl MHOrO'flfC.J\cHHble HOBbie CBe,lteHH1I, ilf3BAetICHHbIC.

r.J\aBHbl'M 06pa30M H3 CTapblX OCMaHCKIIX XPOHIIK H TypCIl.KIfX AOKyMeHToB.

Xp-aH1II.gHXCJI B pa3.J\H'fHblX apXHBax, KOTopble CBH,lteTeAbCTBYIOT:: Ha.J\lftlHH

xpHCTHaH.-enaxHeB, B.J\a,lteAbyeB THMapOB H 3HaMeTOB B OCMaHCKOII HMnepHH

8 XV 8.1 Y me 8TH MaTepHa.J\bl KaTeropHtleCKH II y6C,ltHTeAbHO onpOBepralOT

Te3HC 0 TOM, 'ITO C YCTaHOB.J\eHHe~f TypeyKoro rocnO,llCTBa B 6a.J\KaHCKHX CTpa­

HaxHacTynHAo 1I0AHOe cogHaAbHoe paBeHCTBO Cpe,ltH 3aBOCBaHH.bIX TypKaMH

HapO,llOB, qTO MecTHaR <l>cO,llaAbnaR apHCTOKpaTH1I 6blAa YHH'fTOmella H 3aMC­

HeHa TypegKoH H 'ITO TO.J\bKO OT,lle.J\bHble ee npeACTa8JHTC.J\H, nplfHJlB HCAaM,

BAHAHCb B pR,llbl TypegKHx qJeOAa.J\OB H coxpaHH.J\H TaKHM 06pa30M CBOH npH­RHAerHH 2.

Bo BpeMR TypeyKoro BTOpmeHH1I Ha 6aAKa·uCKJfii nO.J\yocTpOB 3Ua'IHTC.J\bHaH

qaCTb MeCTHbiX ttleO,lla.J\o,B AeHcTBHTe.J\bHo 6b1.J\a yHH'fTOmena 'HAU norH6.\a

B cpamCHHRX. HecOMHeHHo,' HMenllO BTO OTpa3HA B CBoeH npHnHCKe, c,ltCAa H­

HOH B 1371 r., MOHax CBRToropcKoro MOHaCTblpR HcaH, KOTOpblii, C006ryHII

o rH6eAH ,ll8yX MaKC,llOHCKHX qJeO,llaAOB - BblAKaWHHa H YrAewH, H 06 onycTo­

WeHH1IX, npOH3Be,lleHHblX TypKaMH, C 60.J\blO ,ll06aBAJleT: «YBbl, ne'faAbHaR Kap­

THHa npe,llCTaBAReTCR B3f.J\JlAyl 3eM.J\R .J\HweHa Bcero -H .J\lo,lteii, II CKOTa, II

,llpyrHx IJ~O,llOB. He 6blAO HH KHR3R, HH Bom,llR, HII y'fHTeA1I y AIO,lteH» 3. 06

aTOM me CBH,lleTeAbcTByeT H y'faCTb CTa ,lteC1ITH 3HaTHbiX 60.J\rap, yUHtlTomeH-

1 D. A. U BeT K0 Ba. K'bM B'bUpOCa aa KAaCOBHTe paaAHttHJI B 6'MrapCKOTO 06~~­CT80 npe3 enOXaTa Ha TypCIeOTO BAaAHtteCTBO. YIn, rOA VIII. Il'H. 2, CTp. 166-174; Sp.1) y p t. e B. XpHmhaHH cnaxHje y CesepHoj Cp6HjH y XV BeKy. .rOAHWIbOK HCTopHCKorApyWTBa DocHe H XepueroBHHe", IV, 1952, CTp. 16S-169; e r 0 '" e. KOKO Tpe6a :iallO­'IeTK paA y UapHrpaACKOM apXHBY••Arhivist", II, 1952, sv. 1, p. 19-20; H. I n a 1d­if k. Od Stefana Duiana do Osmanskog carstva. Hriscanske spahije u Rumeliji u XVvijeku f njihovo porijeklo. "Prflozi za orijentalnu filologiju i istoriju jugoslovenskih na­roda pod turskom vladavinom", lIl-IV, Sarajevo, 1952-1953, p. 23-53.

2 CM., Hanp., B. H. .3 Aa Tap C Ie H. HOBa nOAHTH'IeCKa H COl!HaAJ;la HCTOpHH Ha5'11ArapHJI H oaAK8BCkHJI nOAyocTpOB. CO~HJI, 1921,cTp. 8; K. J.i p e 'I e 'J(~ HCToPHJI HII6'hArapHTe. CO<l»HJI, 1929, CTp. 339-340; 5. n e H e B. HCTOpHJI H.a HOBaTa 6'11Arapc.KIlAHTepaTypa. CO~HJI, 1930. CTp. 151; N. J0 r g a. Histoire des etats balkarliques. paris.1925, p. 5, 32.

:I H. o4yii'leB. H3 CTapaTa 6'bArapCka kHH"'HHHa, II. C041HH, 1944, c~p. 175.

HblX TypKaMIl B TblpHoBc B 1393 r.4, H MHorHX npeAcTaBHTeAeH BH3aHTHHcKOH

if1eo,llaAbHOii apnCTOKpaTlfII BO rAaBe C caMHM m.mepaTopOM KOHcTaHTHHoM XI.noru6uJHx npH B311TliH KOHcTaHTHHonoA1I B 1453 r., KaK 06 STOM cOO~JBaJOT

BH3aHTHiicKlle HCTOpHKH .l(yKa, CeppaHA3H, XaAKOKOHAHA H KpHTOBYA:>.

MHMHe 6a.\KaHCKHe epeOAa.\bI, yyeAeBwHe BO .BpeAl1l 3aBoeBaHHR, nOTepJlAH

CBoe npHBHAerHpOBaHHoe noAomeHHe npH yCTaHoBAeHHH TypeYKOH epeO,/laAb­

Hoii CHCTeMbl B 6aAKallCKJfX CTpallax. OCTaTKH HX BtTpeTHA B XVI B. B 00.\­

rapHl"! Busbec. KOTOpblii. paCCKa3blBa1l 0 60ArapcKHx meHJBHl-taX If lfX Heo6bl'f­

1I0H OAemAe. OTMe"laCT c.'l.eAylOI.gee: «.H B'HAe.'I.. 'fTO HeKOTopbIe H3 HHX HMelOT

~OCTaTO'lHO tharopoAHylO o::aIlKY. KorAa JI cnpOCHA 06 HX npOHCXOm.leHHH,

OAHH MHe CKa3a.\If. "ITO npOHcxoA1IT H3 MecTHblX KHR3eH, a ApyrHe - H3 yap­

CKoii qJaMHAUH. OAHanO Bce OHH, BblAaHHble 3aMym 3a norOHI.gHKOB BO.\OB,

oleruaAHcb C caMblM .HH3Konpo6Hb1M npOCTOHapO,llbeM. 11 He TOAbKO B aTOM

~TOAI\e TYPlllfll BHAe.'I. 11, KaK nOTO~fKH HeKOTopblX .. BAa,lteTeAeH mHByT 6o.'l.e<.·

YHH3lfTCAbHO H maAKO. (leM mHA Kor,lla-TO AHOHHCHH B KopHHq>e. A~HCTOKpa­Tlf1l 3,lteCb /l1"I(,~f lit' OTAlfllaeTCJI (IT HapO,lta - Bee PO,ltJlTCJI pa6aMH» •

l{pyra1l "laCTb 6a.\nallCKOii apHCTOKpaTHH nocneWHAa npHHJlTb lfC.\aM.

IlT06bl COXpallJiTh ('Boe nplfBHAeruponaHHoe nO.\OmeHHe H BAlITbC1I npJl,llbl

OCMJIlCnUX qJeOAaAon. no Bceii nep01lTHOCTH, TanHe cAy'faH HMeeT B BH,lly ,llPy­

ruii conpcMellHuK TypeUnoro HaWeCTBH1I Ha I3a.'l.KaHCKHii nOAyocTpOB. BII,llHH­

CKIIII I\U1TPOIlOAIIT HoacaqJ. B CBoeM nOXBaAbHOM CAOBe CBRToH cPH.\~qJee:

,11- o. 6c3paCCY"tCTBO. - rOBopHT OH, - MHorHe nepeW.J\H B HenpHcTouHylO

RcpyMaroMeTa. OAIlH - HcnyranwHcb, ,llpyrHe me - npHBAetleJlHble AeCTbIO·

II.\H npH06pCTeIlHCM 60raTCTBa» 7. TaK nocTynH.J\ H CblH nOCAe,llHerO 60.uap­

cl\oro yap1l HnaHa WHW~falla - A.J\eKcaUAP, KOTOpbIH, 6.J\aro,llap" npHHJlTHIO'

IICAaMa, coxpaUH.J\ CBOC npHBIfAerHpOBaHHoe nOAomeHHe, OblA Ha~pam,lleH AeH­

IfblM B.\a.1{eImCMB AHaTO.J\HH 'H, KaK BepllblH C)CATaHy epeoAaA, y'faCTBOBaA H

norH6 B 60pb6e npOTH8 KpeCTb1lHCKOrO ,llBH2KeHHR OepKAIO,llme MYCTaepbl H

MaxMy,lta BCApeA,ltHHa B HalJa.J\e XV B.8 t..h06bl coxpaHHTb CBoe K.J\aCC080e

rOCnO,ltCTBO H npHBH.J\erIIH. npHH1IAa HCAaM If HeKOTOpa1l 'faCTb 3eMeAbHoii aplf­

cTOKpaTlfH B BOCHHH.

O,ltHaKO HeCMOTp1l Ha TO, 'fTO 6o.J\bwa1l 'faCTb 6aAKaHcKoH q,eO,ltaAbHOH

apncToKpaTlfIf 6blAa yHH'fT02KeHa, 06pargeHa B MycyAbMaHcTBO HAH AHwena

CBOIfX npHBH.J\ernii, Bce me B 6a.J\KaHCKoM 06I.geCTBe He npOll30wAO 1I0,\HOro·

<'ogna.J\bHoro ypanueHHR. Erye BO BpeMJI caMoro 3aBOeBaHHR IfCKOTOpaJl 'faCTb·

CTapblX (Ileo,lta.J\oB cyMeAa coxpaHHTb, XOT1I If Bpe!oleHHO, CBoe nO.J\omeHHe 6.\8­rOAap" yCAyraM II nOMoI.gll, KOTopble OHa OKa3aAa TypKaM, npe,llaB, TaKlnl 06­

pa30M, HIITepecbl HapO,ltUbIX Macc B 6a.J\KaHcKHx cTpaHax, np0,llo.J\2KaBWHX

BeCTH AAlfTCAbIlYIO repOH'recKylo 60pb6y npoTH8 3aXBaT'fHKOB. TaK nocTynH.\H.

lIanplfMep. n.J\aAeTe.J\n npH.J\encKoii H Be.J\b6ym,ltcKoH 06.J\acTeH - KpaAb MapK~If KoucTallTHII Aparaw, KOTopble ,lta2Ke Y'faCTBOBa.J\H B nOXO,lle TypegKoH

-l TaM "'e, CTp. 242-243.5 Due II s. Historia Byzantina. Bonnae, 1834, p. 303-306; .G. Ph r,il n z e s', An'!a­

l~s. Bonnae. 1838, p. 292-293; CM. oc06eKHO p. 293. 11-12: £!':7 r.pc",:'Ze:t; !,"~':7 ':1'..,:'1i3:Z'.hlt)OE r.1)H.().j~ EU"W/Et; ip'l..cN~a;; L. C hal C 0 con d y 1a s. De re.bus TurcrCls. Bon-·nae, 1843. p. 402-403; K r it o·b u los. Rio~ 'tou Mwaz.r.ilt II. Monumenta Hungar~aehis­torica, vol. XXI, I-ere partie. li~. I. p. 127-129, § 285--287. Cpo <l>P811'JY3~KlfIl nepe­8004 B Monumenta Hungariae historica. vol. XXI, 2-tme partie, p. 260--261. § 144-HS.

tl Lettres du baron de Busbec ambassadeur de Ferdinand I. ROl de.; R3~3ins. deHong-rie etc. aupres de Soliman II, Empereur des Turc!! vol. • A Paris, 1748•.p. 66-67.

7 YI. o4y Ii tt e B. YK. cott., II. CTp. 254.8 D u cas. Historfa Byzantina, p. 109. ·2: 113. 8-13. Cpo fl. H Hie 0 B•. TypcKoTO'

aaBAaAHBaHe H8 B'bArapHJI H c'bA6aT8 Ha nocAeAHHTe UlHwMaHoBgH.•J.'f:iBeCTHJI Ha HCTo­pHttecKOTO APy",ecTRo", VII-VIII. 1928. CTp. 85-89.

5. UBETKOBAHOBbiE AAHHblE 0 XPI1CTHAHAX·CnAXIUIX 1~7

. dpMHH npOTHB BaAaWCKOrO BoeBOAbi MHP'IO H nOI'H6.1\'H B 6HTBe npH POBHH~,8 1391 r.9 TaKHMH 6b1AH H MHor·He npeAC'NlBHTeAHBH3aHTHHcKOH q>eoAaAbHoHapHCTOKpaTHH, KaK, HanpHMep, HCTOpHK KpHTOBYA, KOTOpbIH noweA no fiYTH

. corAawaTeAbCTBa C TypKaMH H, nOA,ltepmHBaeMbIH neAonOHHeCCKHM AecnOTOM4HMHTpHeM naAeoAoroM H MHorHMH apHCTOKpaTaMH C OCTpOBOB I1M6poc It

AeMHOC, COAeHCTBOBaA YTBepmAeHHIO rocnOACTBa TypgH'H Ha 8reHCKIIXOCTpOBax 10. B 3Ha'lHTeAbHOH CTeneHH B cpeAe nOA06HblX npeACTaBHTeAeH 6aA-

,KaHCKOH q>eOAaAbHOH apHCTOKpaTHH, CKAOHHblX K KOMnpOMHccaM H corAawa­TeAbCTBY, 3aBoeBaTeAH HaWAH BepHbIX nOM0I!!HHKOB H onopy CBOCH"BAaCTH, KO­Topble, He nepeXOAH B MycyAbMaHcTBO, coxpaHHAH CBoe nOAomCHHe BAaAeAbgeBACHOB, HO yme B paMKax TypegKoH q>eOAaAbHOH CHCTeMbl H Ha cAym6ey TypegKoro q>eOAaAbHoro rOCYAapCTBa. 8TO H eCTb TaK Ha3blBaeMble XpH-

'CTHaHe-cnaXHH. Pa3YMeeTCH, He Bce OHH npoHcxoAHAH H3 CpCAbl ygeAeBwHX'80 BpeMR 3aBOCBaHlIR 6aAKaHCKHX q>eOAaAOB. nO-BHAIIMOMY, 8 HeKOTopblX CAy­'laRX cnaXHRMH MorAH CTaTb H HepOAOBHTble AIOAH H3 nOKopeHHoro HaceAeHIIH.KOTopble OKa3aAH oc06ble yCAyrH TypegKII~f BAaCTRM.

nOCAeAHHe ny6AHKagHH UOBblX AaHHblX H3 TypegKHx apXHBOB CO,ltepmaT·<BeAeHHH 0 HaAH'IHH xpHCTHaH-cnaXHeB B XV B. B fepgcroBHue, AA6aHHH,Cep6HH, 60ArapCKHX 3eMAHX H CeBepHOH f pegHH. npH aTOM I{HC~O HX 6b1AO3HaQHTeAbHbIM. TaK, corAaCHO oAHoMy KaAaCTpoBoMy Aeq>Tepy 1477-1478 rr.•xpaHHI!!eMycH B apXHBax KOHCTaHTHHOnOMI, B f ep!!erOBHHCKOM caHAmaKe 1t3

,214 THMapOB, 3apeJ'lH'CTpHpOBaHHbIXB aToH 06AacTH, 14 npHHaAACma1\OxpHCTHaHaM 11. CorAaollo ,ltaHHbIM ,ltpyroro nO.!l06Hero ,lteq>Tcpa 1431-1432 rr..BcaHAmaKe ApBaHH,lt-HAH (AA6aHHH) H3 3anHcaHHblX 335 THMapOB 56 npH­HaAAemaAO xpHCTHaHaM. KpoMe HHX, THMapaMH BAaAeAH OAHH MHTpOnO,\HT 11

TpH efiHCKona 12. B 1466-1467 I'r'. B Aeq>Tepe Ae6pa (CeBepHaR AA6aHHR)ynoMHHalOTCH 18 THMapOB xpHCTHaH H3 06I!!ero 'IHCAa 98 THMapOB. KPOMf'Toro, B KaqeCTBe BAa,lteAbgeB THMapOB 3anHcaHbI H qeTBepO HOB006paI!!eHHblxB MycyAbMaHcTBO, C'pe,lt'H 'KOTOpbIX 6blA O,ltHH H3 copaTHHKOB CKaH,ltep6era­MOHC AII6py 13. B 1454-1455 rr. B ,lteq>Tep BHAaHeTa BYK (Vllk, Vulk, Vuk)6bIAO BnHcaHO 170 THMapOB, naXOAHI!!HXCH B naXHRX TblproBHwTe,BYIIHTpblH.

'MopaBa, TonoAHHga, npHWTHHaHJ\a6, H3 KOTOpblX 27 npHHaAAemaAOxpHcTHaHaM-enaXHHM 14~ B 1477-1478 rr.B cy6awHAbIKax BYlfHTPbIH, J\a6.fOPHH 06poBag (rOpHe 06paBga), npHwTHHa;MopaBa H TonoAHHga 21 TH­Map npHHaAAemaA xpHCTHaHaM, KaK aTO Blf,ltHO H3 AeHHoro Aeq>Tepa caHAmaKa

• II J. v. Ham mer. Histoire de l'Empire Ottomall depuis son origine jusqu'a nosJours, I. Paris, 1~35. p. 23~; j. Z ink e i sen. Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches inEuropa, I. Hamburg, 1840; K. H p e q e K. HCTOpHJI Ha 6bArapHTe, CTp. 253-254, 270;K. JH P e q e K. HCTopH:a cpoa. II, 6eorpaA, 1923, CTp. 77-79, 100; B. Jar H fl. KOH-

• CT8HTHH <J>HAOCOIJ> H IIJerOB JKHBOT CTe!J>aHa Aa3apcBHna, AecnOTa cpnCKora. r AaCHHI(CpncKor yqeHOr Apywrsa", XLII, 6eorpaA, 1875, CTp. 269-270. I<oHcTaHTH~'Aparam

'YlfaCTBosa.\ co CBOHMH OTpJlAaMH Ha CTopOHe TypoK H B 6HTBe Ha KocoRQM nOAe B 1389 r.eM. K. 1H P e 'I e K. HCTopHja cp6a, II CB., CTp. 91.

10 K r ito b u los. Bio;••• Monumenta Hungariae historica, XXI. lib. JIl, p. 215­220,§ 78-'90; Cpo nepeROA: p. 231-236; Ii'>. III. p.' 229, § 112; Cpo nepeBOA: p. 245­

'246; p. 243-244, § H4-145; nepeBOA: p. 260-261; Cpo Ph ran z e s, p. 428, C h a 1­co con d y I a s, p. 483. Cp. 3. B. Y A a A b gOB a. npeAaTeAbCK8J1 nOAHTHKa !J>eOAaAb­

·,BOH 3BaTH BH3aHTHH B nepHOA TypegKoro 3aBOeBaHHJI. BB, T. VII, ·1953, CTp. 113-115.Cp. T8KJKe 3. B. YA a.\ b U 0 B a. 60pb6a napTH" R neAonoHHece BO BpeMJI TypegKoro38BOeBaHHJI. CB, T. III, 1951. CTp. 170 CA.

11 H. I n a I d i i k. Od Stefsna Dussna••• , p. 33-3t-: Ha eTp. 40 CM. npeKpacHylO.lIarAJIAHYIO Ta6.\Hgy. nOka3b1BalOlgYIO qjfCA J THlnpOB, KOTOpblMH BAaAe.\H Xp1fCTHaHe-cna-XHM B pa3.\HqHblX o6AacTJlX 6aAK8HCKoro nOAyocTpORa.· -

12 H. In 8 Id i i k. Op. cit., p. 36-37.13 Ibid., p. 39.14 Ibid., p. 32-33. Cpo co061geHHe 6. AlICYPAlKeBa (6p. 1) Y P he B. KaKO Tpe6a 3a­

,notleTH paA••• , CTp. 19-20).

BYlfHTPblH 15. B Aeq>Tepe aToro me caHAmaKa BpeMeHH gapcTBoBaHHH l\lex­MeAa II 3aBoeBaTeAR onRTb OTMeqeHbI nOAo6Hble THMapbI 16. TaKHe me TH~fap:>l

3aperHCTpHpOBaJlbl H B Aeq>Tepe CMeAepeBCKoro CaJiAmaKa, OTJlOcRrge:\ICSIK 1"OMy me BpeMeHH 17. CorAaCHO Aeq>Tepy EpaHH'IeBa OT 1467-1468 rr•• B 3TOii06AaCTH xpHCTHaHe BAaAeAH 67 THMapaMH 18. B 1454-1455 rr. B uaXIIRXl1eAelf, 3Be'laH, XOAHAHAe, CeJlHga, Pac-Cep6HR H B uaXHRX IOcKlOo(CKonAe), KaAKaHAeAeH (TeToBo) H B nOABeAOMCTBeHHblX liM B aAMlIHHCTpa­THBHOM OTHoweHHli paHoHax 50 THMapOB npHHaAAemaAH xpHCTHaHa~f-cna­XHHM 19. COrAaCJlO ApyrHM CBCAeHHHM, B MaKeAOHHH eI!!e BO BpeMR yapcTBO­'BaHHR MypaAa II 6bIAH xpHCTHaJiCKHe THMapbI. 14 TaKHX TH.MapOB yno:\l1!­HalOTCR B HeBpoKonclKoH, BeAoccKoH H KOCTypCKOH 06AaCTHX 20.

npH cyATaHe MeXMeAe II 3aBoeBaTeAe B BHAHHCKOM Kpae (BHAHH If erooKpeCTHOCTIf, EeAOrpaA'IHK, OhopeHTHH If EaJlR) H3 06r.gero '1HCAa 188 TIf~fa­

pOB, BnlfCaHHblX B cooTBeTcTBYlOrgHH AeqJTep aToro paHoHa, 7 TIfMapOB nplfHa.1­,\emaJ\o xpHCTHaHaM 21.

B OTpblBKe OAJloro pcrHCTpa (COAepmaI!!eM onHcaHHR AeHHblX B.\a.1leHlliI'8 HaXHHX 3HeTIOAe U BHcoKa BO BpeMH yapcTBoBaHuR cyATaHa Mex~fcAa Ic AonoAHHTcAbHblMU npHMclfaHuRMu, OTHOCRqJUMUCH K t!apCTBOBaHHH~f My·paAa II U MexMeAa II), BbIAepmKU H3 KOToporo 6blAU HCAaBHO ony6.\UKO-.,?BaHbl --, BnUCaJi pHA TUMapOB, KOTOpble npUHaAJl.cmaT UJ\U npulla.:t.\ema.\U60ArapaM-cnaxuHM. TaM ynoMuHalOTCH HMeHa A06poMupa, KOTOpblii B.\a..lC.\CCAOM KyAUW B HaXHU BHcoKa no 6epaTy cyJl.TaHa MypaAa I, AaraTopaPaHKo, THMap KOToporo B 3HenoAbcKoH Haxuu 6bIA nepeAaH eMY TaK"",e OT'OOArapUHa - HeKoero Pa,ltHJla. YKa3bIBalOTCR eI!!e TUMapbI 60Jl.rap PaABaHa.CTaHKO, .HKO, EpaHKO, J\a3apR, EorAaHa, BUTKo, MHJl.KO, Kpano, CTORHa.PaAUBOH, BOHJla-Ka H CTaHHCJl.a'Ba. Ha HecKOJl.bKHX ,ltODOJl.HHTeAbHO OTKpbrrblX.\uCTax 3Toro me perUCTpa 23 3anucaHbI -He' ony6J1.HKoBaHHble AO cux nop CBe­.lleHUH 0 HeMycyJl.bMaHax-cnaXURX HAU 0 nOTyp'leHHbIX xpHCTHaHax, 'IbH B.\a­~CItHR H,axoAHAUCb B aToH me 06AacTH.

TaK, Ha AUCTe 22-a 3aperucTpupooaH THMap KHq>upa (HcBepHoro - HeMy­cyJl.bMaHHHa) IllaxuHa, nepeAaHHblH eMY OT peuca TopCYHa. B OnliCH 3ToroTUMapa OTMeqeHO, 'ITO YKa3aHHblH IllaxuH BAaAeeT CBOHM AeHOM H!, OCHosaHIfH

15 H. I n a I d i i k. Od Stefana Du;ana•••• p. 3:~.III Ihidem.17 Ihid., p.3-1.III Ibidem. Cpo Ta6AHUY Ha CTp. 40 H CTaThH AIKYPAlKeHa (0. 'J) Y P hell. KaKlI Tpe6a

:tallO'leTIf paA•••• CTp. 19-20; e r 0 IK e. XpHlUhaHH cnaxHje •••• CTp. 165 ('.\.10 H. Ins I d H k. Op. cit.. p. 31.20 Ibidj!m.21 Ibid •• p. 35-36.22 BbiAeplKKH H3 8Toro perHCTps BnepBble 6b1AH 0lly6AHKOBSHbi 15. ijBeTKOBOH B CTaTbC

,,}('bM B'bnpOCa 3a KAaCCOBHTe paU.HqHJI•••", CTp. 171-174. AOlloAHeHHJI ic 8TOMY Hay..­HOMy Co061geHHIO CM. B TpYAe 8Toro xte aBTOp'l "npHHOC KbM H3ytlaBaHeTO Ha TypCkHJIqJeOA8AH3bM B 6bArapCKHTe 3eMH npe3 XV-XVI B." ('I. 1. "OGAHK H3. CT')lIaHCTBOTO ,KCblgHOCT H3. !J>eo.t8AHoTO 3eMeBAaAeHHe". HH6H. V, 1951:. CTp. 121, npHM. 1; 'I. 2. "3aBM­CHMOTO H8CeAeHHe H RerOBaTa 60p6a npOTHB TypCKHJI !J>eOAaAeH rReT". HH6H, VI. 1955.CTp. 128. npHM. 4, 5, 6). '

23 9TH cBeAeHHII OCTaAHCb ueony6AHKoBaRHblMH no TOH npH'IHHe. 'ITO YTep"HHble.\HCTbI perHCTpa 6b1AH OTKpblTbI B npuuecce onHCaHHJI H CHCTeM8TH3aUHH AoKyMeHToBB BOCTO'lH:)M OTAeAe rOCYAapCTBeHHOH 6H6.\HOTeKHHM. B. }(OAapq,B8 YlKe 1I0C.\e Toro,KaK BblWAO H3 neqaTK co061geHHe 06 8TOM perHcTpe, B Hn, VIII. KH. 2. H3 copOlCaBHOBb OTkpblTbiX AHCTOB perHCTpa TOAbKO 17 He nOBpelKAeHbI H HaXOAIITCJI B cpaBHH­TeAbHO xopoweM COCTOIlHHH. OCTaAbHble 23 npeACTaBAJlIOT.c06010 06PblBkH AHCTOB, 3a­nHCH ua KOTOpblX COBceM OTpblBOlfHbI H nOIiTH He MoryT 6b1Tb HcnOAb3uBaHbI. npll 8TOIIHe BCe ueAble AHCTbI HcnHcaHbI. CpeolH HHX HMelOTCII qHcTble AHCTbl H CTpaHHUbl. HeHCKAIO'IeHo. liT) B 6YAYlgeM. npH OKOH'IaTeAbHOM npHBeAeHHH 8 n 'P"AOK BOCTOqHOr) ap­XHBS. 6YAyT OTlCpblTbl H OCTSAbH~e 'IBCTH 8Toro HHTepeCHoro perHCTpa. CHrHaTypa pe-THCTp8 OAK 5'1./58, ' ,

6. UBETK08A HOBbiE AAHHblE 0 XPHCTHAHAX.CrJAXH1tX IhQ

cnegHaAbHoro cyATa'HcKoro 6cpaTa. 3anllcaHO Ha3saHHe ceAa, KOTOpblM I)f{SAa.zteeT, ·H pa3Mep .ztoxo.zta: «CeAO MblplJaSa (MblplJaeso), .ztOMOB - 21.B.ztOSbl (S.ztOBbH X03HucTsa), .ztoxo.zt - 1588 [aKlJa]» 24. Ha.zt :lTHM onucaHHeMHMeJOTCH .ztsa .ztonOAHHTeAbHbIX 3aMelJaUHH, C.lC.\aHHbIX, O'leSH,/tHO, n03.ztHee.cAe.ztYJOI!!ero cO.ztepmaHHH: «B HaCTOHI!!ee speMH [T1IMap.~ E. Y.] H3blMaeTCHy ynoMHHYToro H nepeAaeTCH B 06r,gec 8,\a.zteHHC :\laTpocy AparaHY, KOTOpblHnpHweA H3 BaAllXHH, Ii Aparolo. nOAb30BaBUJJleCH HM co06rga, OHU .ztOAmHblHSHTbCH Ha c.\ym6y, KorAa 6cir PyMeAHlf OTnpaBHTCH Bnoxo.zt. B nepB~IC

.zteCHTb .ztHeU MyxappeMa, ro.zt 859 (22-31 ,!leKa6pH 1454 r.) q 3/tHPH('(O.ztpHH)>>. BTopoe 3aMe'laHHe rAaCHT: «Tal, KaK [nH.lap.-E. lJ.] OCTaSAeH

, ynoMHHyTblMH, OH nepe.ztaeTCH 'lepll6aulII Me:ole,!l)" R~leCTO ~I'O ,/tOAII. ne­peAaHHou Beuc-6elO, CblHY 3y.\Ka.ztapa H3 CC.\<l J\03CH. B nepBhle AeC~Th ,/tHeiima6aHa, ro.zt 859 (17-26 MIOAH 1455 I'.). 8 Collll"'».

Ha AHCTe 32-a onHcau ,t.tpyroii no,/to6l1hlii TII:\lap: « T HMap YeHrH Kapa­re3a, ceAO Dll,\JIlI - 01\0.\0 10 .ztOMOR». B AonO.\HJlTC.\bHOM npHMClJaHHH Mbl'IHTae:\f: «CorAacHo J1IIfCbMY caH/tmaK-6eH, ,/taCTCH Aparauy, CblHy Kyneu3.B KalJeCTSe .zt06aBKIi, TaK KaK 011 SIBAHeTCH :\flO.\Te3HMOM [oTl\ynrguKoM] noc60py [HaAoroB] II [ero - 6eH] xapa,t.tma. 3a nO,\b30BaUIIC [aT 11\1 TII:\I~pOM] on.ztOAmeH emerO,/tHO SlBAHTbCH Ha cAym6y. B nepsblc ,!leCHTb Aueir /tiKeMa3H-lo.\­aXblpa, ro.zt 858 (29 MaH-7 mOHH 1454 1'.), B 3,tlllplle (O,/tPIIU)>>.

Ha O.ztHOM H3 CAe.ztYIOl!!HX AHCT08 (48-a), 01' I\OTOPOJ'O coxpalm.\aCb TO.\bKO'faCTb, 'IHTaeM: «THMap .l(paralla. On CTap:,' ()")"~.,,>-I) (TaKHM 06pa30\l 01'­Me'raAOCb, 'ITO BAaAeAcy TJfJ\.'apa 3HaTHoro npOHcxmK.zteHHH, nOTO':OK CI>CO/t3.\3).PR.ztOM C aTOH 3anHCbl0 HMeeTCH /tonOAIIHTCAbuoe 3a:\le'laIlHe: «Aan nCBep"O:'1Yno HMeHH HaRan [?] - O.ztHOMy H3 6cmaBwHx H3 oe.\rpa/ta RHlflHpOB. 8 CPC/t°HHe AeCHTb ,ltHeH llIeSBaAa, ro.zt 857 (15-24 0l\TH6pH 1453 1'.). B cPHAH6l'(nAOB.ztHB) ».

XpHcTHaHe-CnaXHy. B XV S. 6blAJf He TOAbl\O B AA6aHHIi, r ep!!erOBHHC,Cep6HH H 60ArapCKHX 3eMAHX. 8 HeKOTopblX perHCTpax C onH·calmsnm ACIIHblXBAa.zteHHH B CeBepHoH fpeguH TaKme BCTpe'lalOTCH TH:\fapbl H 3uaMeTLI, npII­Ha/tAcmalllHc UCMYCYAbMaIl3M-cnaXIfHM. Tal', lIanplfJUCp, corAacuo Aallllbl~f

o/tJloro H3 aTHX perHCTpOB, KOTOpblH AaTHpY~TCH 14j4-1455 rr.,B caU/tmaKe'f,HpxaAa B am BpCMH H3 182 THMapos 36 nplllla/tAcmaAO xpUCTHaHaM 2',•.

CpeAH HHX ynoMHHaCTCH THMap UCKocro .l(HMIfTpHH, Cbllla MHxaAa,Cblua cna·XHH cuporo npCMellH, THl\fap MYCTa!f>bl II cro 6paTa nCTpoca, CblJlOBeii MHI'p~'.KOTopble .ztOAmllbr 6blAH no O'lcpe,tlu neCTII cAy~(6)' B Ka'leCTBe BOCUHblX If),~oAa­

AOB, THMap 'HrAase, ){OMHHHKa If My3cpaKa, CblHOBCii MHKpe, THMap naBAa.CblHa MHKpe, KOTOpblH emerO.ztHO .ztOAmell 6blA CllapHmaTb Ha CBoii C'feTS BoeHHoe BpeMH no O.ztIlOMY BQOpymeHlloMy BcaAHHKy (cebelu) 2fi. CorAaCIIOApyroMy .zteeJlTepy, .ztecHTbIO rO.ztaMH n03.ztJlee (1466-1467 rr.) B aTOM mccaH.ztmCiKe HMeAOCb ,ltsaAgaTb .ztyw xpHCTHaH-cnaXHeB H3 06rgcro 'IHCAJ343 cnaXHH. KpoMe HHX 6blAO eI!!e .zteBHTHa.ztgaTb SAa.zteAbgeB THMapOB,xpHCTHaH-enaXHeB, nepewe.ztWHX B MycyAbMaHcTSO, OTgbl KOTOpblX 6blAH XpH­CTHaHaMH 27. STH yme ony6AHKoBaHlible cse/tCHHH 0 HaAH'IHH xpHCTHaH-c:n3-

2i B nOA06HblX pcrHCTp8X H HaAor~Bblx AelJJTepax BAOBbI, HAH, BepHee, BAOBbH xo­3J1HCTBa, 3anHCblB81OTCJI OTAeAhUO, TalC K8K OHII nOAAeJK8T cnegHaAbHoMy 06AOlKeHHlo:MHorKe HaAorH B3HMalOTCJI C HHK B YMeHbweHHOM pa3Mepe. Cp. oc06eHKO Hn.\OrOBhlH pe­rHCTp CeJ\ HeBpOKonCKOH 06AaCTH Ha'laAa XVI B., HaX:>AJlIJ!HHCJI B BOCTOqHOM OTAeACroeYA8pCTBeHHOH 6H6AHOTeKH HM. B. 1(0AapoBa - EA. 3/6, rAe BAOBbI 3aperHCTpHpOB8HbInOHMeHHo H 06AOJKeHbI HeICOTopblMH lIaAor8MH oTAeAbHo. Cp. M. T a y y i h Go k b i 1­r. n. XVI-XVII. 8srrlarda Edirne ve Pa~a livasl v8klflar-miilkler-mukataiJlar. Istftnhul,1952. s. 66, 68, 70, 71, 113 f.

!!j H. rna I d i i k, Od S'tefan8 Ousanll ••• , p. :;'8-29.211 Ibidem. . . . .

2; Ibid., p. 29-30.

xHeB S X V S. B CeBepHOH f pegHH .ztonoAHHIOTCH pH.ztOM HOBblX .ztaHHbIX, B3HTblX113 O,/tHoro .zt0 CHX nop He H3/taHHoro perHcTpa, KOTOPblH xpaHHTCR B apXHBeBOCTO'fHOrO oT.zteAa npH fOCy.ztapCTBeHHoH 6H6A1fOTeKe HM. B. Ko.\apOBaB COeJlHH 28.

8 HeM 3anHcaHO 49 AeHHbrx BAa.zteHHH, HaXo,ltHI!!HXCH B HaXHHX KaAaH.ztpH'Ie,CaH,/tcMHpe, fpe6ena. AHsaAHH, rapAH'IKO H BOMHpO (paHoHbl J\epHHa, Co­.\yHH, 'laCTb 3nHpa' H cPeccaAHH). Ka2K.ztoe H3 STHX BAa,lteHHH 3ape1'HCTpHpO­RaHO no.zt HMeHeM ero BAa.zteAbga, C TO'lHblMH YKa3aHHRMH ceA HAH 'IaCTeH ceA•KOTopbre 'BKAJO'faJOTCR B aTO BAa.zteHHe, C nOHMeHHblM cnHC.j(0M HX 2KHTe.\eii.c ,/taUHbrMH 0 'IHCAe ceMeii, HemeHaTblX H B.ztOB. B KoHge c.zteAaHO nO.ztpo6HoeonHcaHue .ztOXO.ztOB 01' cOOTBeTcTByJOI!!ero AeHa C KOHKpeTHblMH CBe.zteHHH~.H

o BHAax H pa3Mepax HaAorOB, c06HpaeMblX C 3aBHcHMoro nace.J\eHHH R nOA­8C/tOMCTBeUHbIX CCAax, Bbl'f'HCAeHHblX B aKlJa. YKa3aHO TaKme. KaKoe )'O.\HlJe­(TBO BoopymeHllblX AIO.zteH AOAmeu nOCbl.\aTb BO speMH BOHHbl COOTseTcTsylO'r,gHH cnaXHH H KaKoe BoeHHoe CHapRmeHHe OH .ztOAmeH npHrOTOBHTb B COOTBCT­('TBHH C .ztOXO.ztaMH 01' CBoero AeHa. CpeAH 49 <lJeo,/taAbHblX BAaAc)-lHH, 3a peru­CTpHpOBaHHblX B ynoMH'HyTOM OTpblBKe perHCTpa, onHCblsaJOTCH 9 TH:\!apOB.npHlla,tlAcmaI!!HX xpUCTHaHaM-enaXHHM HAli mc AHgaM, KOTopble 6blAH 3ami­caHbl no/t Type!!KHMH HMeHaMH, HO, O'fCBH/tUO, 6blAJI HeMycyAbMancKoro npo­lfcxom/teHHH. TaK, Ha AHCTe 7-6 HanHcaHO c.\e,t.tYlorgee: «3Ha~H~T CauAc:\mpH.Ero 3aJlM (BAa,t.teAe!!. - E. II.) H6parH:\f, CbIH Hca-6eH :!~', CbIHa nas.\o Kyp­TlIKa (.:.lJ)-,s'-,J~4,), CyATaHcKHii 3aHM». Ha.zt aTOH 303nHCblO yKa3aHo, 'ITO s.\a.zte-

.\eg 3HaMeTa .ztOAmeH caM HeeTH cAym6y BO cf>AoTe cyATaHa (Lc.~: -,.;.....:5) If 'ITO,KpO~fe 1'01'0, OH .ztOAmeH cO.ztepmaTb weCTb BoopymeHHblX BcaAHHKOB (.,J ~i,

:?l'l CHrHaTypa nKOHCTaHTHHonoAb. Ae!JlTepxaHe. THMapbl, XV B.". aTO clCopee oTpbl­1I0K perHCTpa, Haqa.\O H KOHeg KOToporo, OqeBHAHO, OTCyTCTByIOT. AOlCyMeHT CpaBHH­Te.\bHO XopOWO coxpaHHACJI, COAepJKHT 49 HeMHoro nOJKe'\,TeBWHX AHCTOB, BepOHTHO, OT­CblpeBWHX. Pa3Mepbl .\HCTOB c.\eAYlOryHe: mHpHua -14.cM, A.\HHa - 34,7 .CM. Ha .\HCT~14 HMeeTCH 60.\ee 3Ha'UlTeAbHoe nOBpeJKAeHHe - pa30pBaHHoe MeCTO AH81\(eTpOI\( OICO.\O2 Cl'tl. P.HAOIII cO CTp. 82 HaXOAHTCSl 'IaCTIf coceAHeH pa:iopBaHHoil CTllllllllUbr. KalKAbll1.\HCT, lin KOTOpOM HaqHH810TCH :iiIllHCH 0 .\eHaX 1I0BO" HaXHH, UpOTKHyT, H IC lIeMy npH­U1HTa KOpOTK8J1 weAKOBaJl KpaCHaJl HHTKR, OqeBlfAHO A.HI Toro, QT06b1 .\er'le HaRTH npH lIepe.,n­CThlRaHIIH COOTBeTcTBylO"ryHe HaXHK. 3anHCH II perHCTpe CAe.\8HbI IrepHblMH 'IepIIH.\aMH.Koe-rAe pa3MblTblMlf H CMa3aHHblMlf. MeCTaMH BHAHbI C.\cAbI pHxa (6,\eCTJuyero nop WKaA.\H nOCblnaHKII). TO'lHaJl AaTa AOKyMeHTa HHrAe He 0603HalfeHa. fIOBTOMy cAeAyeT c6pa­THTh nIfHMnIlH~ lin n8AeorpalJJHqeCKHe oc06,ellllOCTII W~H!JtTa H IIpelKAC IICero lin An:l 110­

.tHllhlX3113Kii 11:\ lIeKOTopblX CTp8Hlfunx perHCTpa. OAHH It:-! BTIIl( :-maKOB npe~CT8H.'HeT

c06010 pnCKpblTble wBeilHbI~ HOJKIIH!Jbf, a Apyroil: -ABa KOAeca C nacTywecKHM f10COXOIllMelKAY "HMIf. aro THIIHqHble 1I0AHHbre 3HaKH,KoTOpbfC CTOHHJ\HCb H8 HT8AbJlHCKoil: 6yMarr1-" no.\ODHHbf XV n. Cor.\aCHO B. HKKo.\aeBY (nBOAJlHbfe 3URKK OTTOM8HCKOH HMnepHH", T. I.CO!JlHJI, 1955), cyryeCTByeT 6yMaro K3 J\YKICH H ClfeHbI C nepBblM BOAJlHbI~f 3HaICOM,OTHOCII­l!!8J1CJI K 1410 r., H H3 <I>a6pH8Ho -OKO.\O 1430 r. EyMara co BTOpblM BOAJlHblM 3HaICOM OT­HOCKTCJI K nepKoAy 1410-1434 rr. ECAH y'lHTblBaTb, 'ITO TypegICHe AOKyMeHTbI SToro BP~­

~eHH 6b1AIf HanHC:lHhI HMeHHO Ha TaKO" 6yMare' Ii 'ITO HallHcaHHe TaKHX AOKyMeHToB H~

:'olor.\O 6b1Tb Ifp>01l3Be.~eHO HellocpeACTBeHHO cpa3Y f10CAe H3rOTOrMeHHJI oyMarK, MOJKHO

C.l.e.\aTb BblBOA, 'ITO 6YMara, Ha KOTOpOH HanKcaH HHTepeCYIOIJ!H" Hac perHCTp. CT8.\aynoTpe6AJlTbCH He paHbwe 1440 r. Ho AOKyMeHT MOlKHO AaTHpOBaTh elSe 60Aec onpeAe­.\eHHO, eCAH HMeTb B BKAy Apyroe coo6palKeHHe. B OAHOM perHCTpe 1431-1432 rr., OTHO­('Hl!!eMCJI K ApBaHHAY-H.\K, ynoMHHaeTCJI cpeAH ApyrHx B.\8Ae.\bueB AeHOB R STOR06.\8CTHII Hca, CblH flaRAO KypTIIKa (H. I n a I d i i k. Od Stefana Du;ana•••• p. 37). aTO, 6e3COMHeHHJI, OTe!.! 3aHM8 H6p8rHMa, 3H8MeT KOToporo 3aperUCTpHpOBOH H8 cTpaHHye 7-6R paCCMaTpHBaeMOM 3ACCb CO!JlHHCKOM perHCTpe, rAe OTMe'leHO: "H6parHM, CblU HCbI-6eH.CblHa flaBAo KYPTHka". ECAH AonycTHTb, '1'1'0 STOT H6parHM 6b1A H8CAe,(HHICOM CBOerOOT!!a (KaK !JleOA8A-c06cTBeHHHIC), 'ITO JlB.\Jle'rCJI HaH60J\ee BepOJlTHblM, TO 8TO npOH30WAOHe paHbwe cepeAHHbI XV B., a, CKopee BCero. BO BTOpOH nO,\OBHHe XV B. CAeAOB8­TeJ\bHO H COCTaBAeHHe Bcero AOICyMeHTa C HaHoOAbweH BepOJlTHOCTblO MOJKHO oTHeCTH ICOIiTOpOH nOAOBHHe XV B.

29 TOT Me CaMblH H6parHM ynoMHHaeTCJI B ApyroM AoreyMeHTe reaIC B,\aAe,\eg 60Ab­woro J\eHa C AOXOAOM B 42399 8Kq8 B caHAlK8Ke THpX8Aft, reOTopblM Oil BA8AeJ\ BMf'CT~

C 6paToM IOcy!JloM (H. In 81 cI zi k Op. cit., p. 37).

190 5. UBETKOBAHOBblE MHHblE 0 XPI1CTHAHAX-CIJAXUHX 191.

npHrOTOBAJITb Ha CBOH Cpe./lCTBa B BOeHHOe BpeMJI 60AbWOH WaTep HOARY na­AaTKV.

rtocAe SToro ./laeTCJI nOHMeHHblH cnHCOK HaCeAeHHJI caMoro noceAKa CaH./le­

MHpH - 85 ceMeH, Tpoe HemeHaTblX H ce11b BAOB. 3aTeM H./leT nO./lp06Hoe omi­caHHe B'II./lOB H pa3Mepa ./lOXO./lOB C SToro noceAKa:

«Aoxo,A OT ynoMJlHyToro CaH,1eMHpH 30 -12645 [aK'Ia)

OT HcneHlfe 2117 raKlfa] JI CYATaHcKHe BHHorpaAHHKH CYATaHcKHe MaCAH'IHble ,Ae-AeHIOMoB [Mepa nAOlgaAH, peBbJl- 100 IUTYK. 225 faK­

paBHa, npHMepHO, '110 ra] - 'Ia]42. 2912 [aKlfa}

AeCRT:Hlla C nwelllfUbl2200 [aK'Ia]

AeCJlTHHa O~HRKODoroMaCAa

34 faK'Ia]

.-\pych5 [aK'Ia1

j{eCIlTHlla C JI ... foIeH H

336 [aK ...a}

Ha.\or Ha CBlfHeH

MIO.\K Kacblfola E3AIIHII (?)TIIMapllOT

Me.\bHH!! - 2. Ha.\Or ­160 r ak ...a:

AeCHTlllla C II>P)'KTOR8 [aK'Ia]

HaAor Ha 011110

MIOAK Ropr/{ KOAy 113 yno­MJlHyToro ceAa

MeAbHlIg - 1, ,HaAor - 80 'faK'Ia]

MIOAK BAOBbi TOAOpll, meHbl HCTaMaTKo :CTaM'lTKO~ 113 ynofolJlHYToro ceAa.r-.Ie.\bHIIY - 1. IIaAor 85 [aK'Ia~

nOcAe SToro onncaHlU1 3aperllCTpnpOBaHO OTHOCSllQeeCH K 3TOMy me 3Ha­

JoIeTy ceAO Ma3lfKHK co c.'\eAYIOIJJII~f 1\OXO,ltO~t:

C~·.\TaHCKHe IJ!PYKTOBble ,Ae·peRMI

43 WT., 100 "aRlfa]A~cRTHHa C RHHorpaAHH­

XOB n3; 10 [aKlfa1

Ha.\or lIa CBlllleii 8 faK ...a]HllaoeT :It

200 f aK ...a1

)teCJlTHHa C nmeHHghl2500 raKlfa)

AeCJlTHHa C IJ!PYXTOB

, 29 [ax'Ia]

HaAOr Ha BHHO 340 [a'K'Ia]MIO.\K 35 .HHII KaCAY H3

SToro me CaH,1elofHpa

AeCRTHHa C JI'IMeH R500 [ax'Ia)

AeCRTHHa OAHBKOBoro,MaCAa

84 [ax"a]

Apyc 33

80 [aK ...a~

OT Hcnell"e738 [aK...a].lleCJlTIIHa C R"'MeHH124 [aK'lal

,l{ecHTIIHa co ,\bllatOO [aK ... a:Ha.\or Ha cDllllei!9 [aK ... a~

,l{eclITlIIla C nweHlIgbl1150 [aK ...a]Ha.\or apyc30 faK ...a]

Me.\bHII\&bI - 1. HaAor - 40 [aK'Ia)>>

B onllcalUle SToro me AeHa BKAlOlfeHbl H HeKOTopble ceAa, HaXO./lHI!!HeCH

8 ca~roii Can,lte:o.lHpcKoU HaXHH, co cnHCKaMH mHTeAeH H ./lOXO,ltOB OT 3THX ceA.

Ha nepBOM MeCTe OTMelJeHO ceAO nOpTa (AHCT 8-a - 8-6) co CAe./lYlOryHM.'10X0.'10M:

:;0 AHCT tj-lI.

:11 AKtia H A8/fHOM C.\Y'I.8e O::lHlttlaeT pa3Mep H8.\ora (Bblpa",eHHoro B AeHe"'HOH cpopMe IHa COOTBeTcTBylOlgee HMYIYeCTBO HAH AOXOA. HcneHtle-no3eMeAbHblH HaAor C HeMy­cyAbMaHCKoro HaCeAeIlHJI.

:;2 BHuorpaAHllKH 06.\araIOTCll H 110 AelllOM8M, T. e. B CooT8eTCTHHH C HX pa3MepOM H8 3aBHCHMOCTH OT AOXOA8. CM., HanpHMep, KaHyu'HIlMe XVI 8. Y XaMMepa (j. v. H a m-,mer. Des Osmanischen Reiche!> Staatsverfassung und Staatsverwaltung I wTienS.2t:l5). . , • w. ,

:::1 l:ho lIaAor, KOTOpblM 06AaraAH My"''IHH, 8cTynaBwHx B 6pax. CII. pyKooHcHoe Ka-,IfYU-Ha.le H3 BOCTO'lHOrO' OTAeAa focYAapCTBeHHOii 6H6AJloTexIf HM. B. KOAapoaa: Op.631, .\. 66-a; j. V. Ham mer. Des Osmanischen Reiche!••• , I, S. 286, 287, 303,.312; O. L. Bar k a n. XV ve XVI InCI a!'ilrlarda Osmaril Imparatorlugunda zira1 ekono­minin. hukuk1 ve mali e~aslan, I. Kanunlar.I, Istanbul,1945, s. 271; Fr. K r 8 eli t z-­G reI fen h 0 r s t. Kiinunnlime Sultan Mehmeds des Erobers. Die iilte.sten osmanischen,St~af - und Finanzgesetze. "Mitteilungen zur Osmanischen Geschichte". Bd. I, Heft 1,Wlen, 1921, S. 25. Cpo 6. Y BeT x 0 B a. fIpHHOC XbM H3ytraBalleTo lIa. TypCI<HJI cpeOAa­.\H3'br.t••• , If. 2, CTp. 127-128.

'f" ~l CYIYHOCTb 8Toro Huora HeHCHa. CM. L. Fe k e t e. Die Siyaqa.t.-Schrift ill der·'.Jr~I;;chen Finanzverwaltung, I. Budapest, 1955, S. 81.

w:li> MIOAJ< - HMYIYeCTBO, HaXOAJI\QeeCJI B OOAUOH lfaCTUOH e06CTBeBJiocTH. B OCMaH-'CIeOR HMuepHH MIOAXQM C'IHTaAHCb BCe HeABH"'HMble HMYIYeCTBa B lfepTe RaceAeHUblxnyux­TOB, a Taure caAbI H OHHorpaAHHXH-B 6AHXtaHwHX oxpeCTHOCTRX. Cpo 6. t! BeT K 0 B a. no­aeM,A,elfHTe OTUOWeHHJI B 6bArapCKHTe 3eMH nOAOCMallCKO, BAAAIt'leeTao 0040 cpeAaTa HalXVII BeIC. YIn, VII, KH. 2, CTp. 160-164. . ~

HcneH'Ie1955 faKlfa1

Cy.\TaHCKHe MaC.\II ... llbie Ae­r.eBb~. KOAH ...eCTBO - 15: 34•aK"a.

,l{eCIlTHHa C ".\OnKa50 :aK"a}

CYATaHCXHe Me.\bHHghl - 21200 [aK ...a1

AeCJlTHHa co .\bHa100 raKlfai

CYATaHCK1Ie BHHorpaAHHKH·AeHIOMo8 - 4

630 rax"a]CYATaHcKHe rpyweBble Aepe­BbJl- 5 WTYK.

AeCRTHHa C BHHorpaAHHKOR1102 (aK'Ia]

B 3aKAlOlfeHIIe YKa3aH 06lQlIi'i pa3Mep BAa,ltenuii H ,ltOXO,ltOB, npHHa,ltAema­

IgIIX onHcaHHoMy 3IIa~feTY: ,ltBa ceAa II noceAOK Can,lteMHp co 182 ./lO~fa:\f1f,14 HemeHaTblMH MtHTeMI''MH, 15 B,ltOBa:\1H II ,ltOXO,ltO:\1 B 22952 aK1la.

Ha AHCTe 11-a OTIHCRH THMap Hel\Oero 3arHoca [?], aA6aHga H3 TH1fYP .

XHcapa (AeP,fHp XHcap). STOT TIIMap OTHOCHTCn. K HaXJHI rpe6eHa, B onuca­

HHH OTMelJeHO, lJTO BAa,lteAeQ. THMapa ./lOAmeH caM cAymHTbBo q,JAOTe H BbICTa­

BIITb O,ltHOro BoopymeHHoro Bca,ltHUKa H O,ltHY naAaTKy. TaMap ero COCTOJIT

"3 ,ltBYX aA6anCKHX ceA - MYTIICTa [?J H KHp:\rallcn C 40 ceMbHMH, O./lHII:\1 He­

meHaTblM nO,lt,ltaHHbIM 11 IleTblpbMH B.'10BaMH. 06f!!.uij ,ltoxo,lt OT lIaAora 'HCneHlJe,

HaAora Ha BIIHO, Ha cBuHeii, ,lteCSlTlUlbl C BHHorpa,ltHUKOB, C mueHuybl H

SllfMeHH - 2872 aKlfa •

Ha AJlCTe 14-a onHcaH Apyroii THMap xplICTlfalUllla: «TIfMap Pycena 01'­MaHII», COCTOHryuii H3 ,ltBYX a.\6aHCIWX ceA 3ti H He3aceAelllloii Me3pb1 37• TU:\fap

IIl\feeT 15 ./lOMOB, 4 HemeHaTblX ~mTe.\SI, O,ltHy BAoDy II nplIHOCIlT ,ltoxo/\ OT Ha­

AorOB (HcneHlfe, HaAora Ha cBIIHeii, ./leCHTJlHbI C nmeHugbl, HIIMeHH, BHHOrpd,lt­

HHKOB U AbHa) B pa3Mepe 1266 aKlfa.

Ha AHCTe 24-6 3anucaH TUMap HeKoero MaHoAa MaMTapa [?], COCTOHryHii

1'13 O./lHoro ceAa B HaXHIf Xy.\IOq>lfa JI 113 5 Me3p. STOT THMap npmlOCM'r JtOXO./l

OT HaAOI'a HcneHlfe, ,lteCHTHHbl C 'IlWeHHgbl, HIIMeHH, HaAora apyc, HaAora Ha

lJaCTHylO MeAbHHgy B pa3Mepe 994 aKlfa.

Ha AHCTe 25-a HaXO./lHTCH onHCaHJle TUMapa HHKIIq>opa KOBacAa B HaXHH

XYAIOq>lfa. B THMape TOAbKO 1 ceAO C 8 AOMaMH II C ./lOXO./lOM B p"3Mepe

739 aKlJa OT HaAora HcneH1le, apye, ,lteCHTHHbl C nmeHHgbl, HlJMeHH, BiUlorpc1.l­

HHKOB H HaAora Ha COHHen.

Ha AHCTe 25-a lJlITaeM OnHCaHJle TIIMapa HeKoero AYKH H3MOAllbl [?],COCTOHIgero H3 ceAa rpal\faTHKO 0 HaXlm XYAIOq>lla, C ./lOXO./lOM OT IIcnell1lC, OT

Ha.\ora Ha CBHHe" H AeCHTIfHbl c nweHHJ,!bl, HlfMeHR H AbHa B pa3l\fepC

378 aKlfa. OTPtfelJ~HO, lJ~O THMapHOT ./lOAmeH caM' YlfaCTBOBaTb B., nOXO./lax BOopeMR BOHHbl (;~\ \.S.M.S").

• ;jf) Ha3BaUHJI HeJlCHbI: OAHO Hcpa36op"HBO, a H8 weCTe, rAe H8UHC8.HO oo4pyroe, CTpa- ­NHua pa30JlBaHa. '

37 Mupa - 06pa6aTblBaeMa. aeMAJI, D.o..\e. Cw. L. F c k e t e. Die Siyaqat-Schrift•••• '.J, S. 77.

In 6. UBETKOBA

HCU3,lfaHHbIU pel~C't'p BOCTOI.lHOlO OT,lfe.1a fOc.Y,lfapCT8eHHOu.

6U6.1UOTCICU UAfCHU B. /(O.1apOBa - COcbUll (/(OHCTaHTUHO­

nO.1b-l!etpTep-XaHe-fuAfapu. XV 8.)HenocpeACTBeHHO nOCAe aToro HaxoAHM onHcaHHe 60Aee KpynHoro AeHHoro

BAaAeHlUl B HaXHH AHBaAHlI: «3HaMeT 38 AHBaAHlI. Ero 3aHM Oawa I1rHT, CblHKblpKepHKa [?J, CblHa 11oBaHa». CBepxy HanHcaHO, liTO OH HeceT CBOIO cAym6yBO q>.IlOTe (l...:..~. ;~) H liTO OH AOAmeH nOArOTOBHTb B COOTBeTCTBHH C ,!tOXO­AaMH co CBOera AeHa 17 lIe.llOBeK BoopymeHHblX BcaAHHKOB ("J A~),ABe 60J\b­wae KO.llbllyru (~-::~), OAHy «PU3Y» (B~pXH'UI BOeHHall o/temAa) (cts'..o,shABa waTpa It ABe naAaTKH (~~, )~rm. B ynoMlIHYTblH 3HaMeT BXOAHAHnoce.\OK AHBaAHlI, no HMeHH KOToporo Ha3blBaeTClI COOTBeTCTBYlOll!all HaXHH,ceAa K03Ma KpblKa, CHMH3e, AiioBacHA [?J, MY3aK, I1wnaTa, PYMHO, I1wTo­naHTn J\onCH [?J, rOAYMH, ApBaHOKaCTpo, CHPOB, EaBaCH, KaCTeAH EKco­BeHU [?J, OOAUlIe (OOAHga), 3opn.\e, MuraAH311BpH, BOHapro, MHXHAH, I1pH­BOAy [?l, MaHHpe [?J, Opeq>TU, KapTa 40 U ABe HeHaceAeHHble Me3pbl AHe H<PaHapOMeHH OROAO ceAa I1pHBoAy. 061l!ee IIHCAO ceMeii - 554, KOAHlJeCTBO He­a;eHaTblX - 95, BAOB - 48. AOXOA 3uaMeTa BeAUK.- 66411 aKtta.

Ha AHCTe 32-6 aToro me pernCTpa mIcaH TJlMap AHApHe (J)aHapH H el'o• 6paTa 11oprlJ. OTMelJeHO npH aTO~I, lITO 06a OHH no OllepeAH HecyT BoeHHyJO

cAym6y. THMap BKAlOlIaeT B ce6sr a.\6aHCKOe ceAo OeHAeHH [?l BMeCTe C 061l!H­HOU OaAoH6H I1ncapH [? I C mlTbJO AOMaMH II C AoxOAOM OT'·· HcneHlIe ­B 100 aKlJa, OT AeCHTHlIbl C mlJeHU~bl-150 aKlJa, AeCHTHHhl CHlJMeHR­23 aKlJa H OT HaAora apyc - 10 aKlJa, Bcero - 283 aKlJa.

B HaXHH Bo~mpo 3aperHCTpHpOBaH Ha AHCTO 49-6 TIIMap HeKoero Me3HAa.HOBoro MycyAbMaHHHa (~"j), T. e. TOAbKO liTO npHHRBwero HCAaM. K aToMyTIIMapy OTHOCHTClI, corAaCHO perHcTpayHH, ceAO AoBap3H C 24 CeMbllMH If

4 HemeHaTblMH mHTeAlIMH, npHHOCHll!ee AOXOA OT HcneHlIe - 700 aKlIa, OT Af'­CSITHHbl C BHHorpaAHHKOB - 480 aKtta, C nweHHYbl- 800 aKlJa, C lIlJMeHJI­124 aKlIa, C weAKa -172 aKlIa, C q>pyKTOB - 14 al(lIa, OT HaAora Ha cBHHeH­2 aKlIa, Ha BHHO - 40 aKtta, OT HaAora apyc - 25 aKlIa, OT HaAora Ha lIacTHylOr.reAbHHYY, npHHaAAemall!YIO AHAOHY OonpHlIH H3 aToro me ceAa, - 60 aKlIa,OT HaAora Ha lIaCTHYIO MeAbHHgy T OAopHca KaAHBaca, mHTeAlI SToro meCeAa, - 30 aKlJa. B aTOT me TIIMap BKAlOlJaeTClI H ceAO KHpaxoBo, COCTOllll!ee113 ceMH ceMeH H Tpex HemeHaTblX nOAAaHHblX H npHHOClIll!ee AOXOA OTHCneHqe - 250 aKlIa, OT AeClITHHbl C BHHorpaAHHKOB - 420 aKlJa, C nweHH­!!bl- 300 aKlJa, C lIlfMeHR - 48 aKlJa, C weAKa - ~8 aKlJa, C q>pyKTOB - 7 aK­qa, OT HaAora Ha BHHO - 35 aKlJa, OT HaAora apyc - 10 aKlJa, OT HaAora HalIacTHylO MeAbHugy KpeCTbJlHHHa SToro me ceAa MaHoAa CelfJepalla - 30 aKlIa.06tgHii pa3Mep AoxoAa OT 31 ceMbH If 7 HemeHaTbIX 1KHTeAeH AByX onHcaH­HhlX ceA yno~IHHYToro THMapa COCTaBAReT 3615 aKlfa.

ConocTaBAHH Bce aTH AaUHbIe H3. CoqlHHcKoro perHCTpa H AByX KOUCTaH­TUHonOAbCKIfX perUCTpOD, KOTopble OTJlOClITClI KOBTOpOH nOAOBHlle XV D., MblnOAylJaeM 60Aee nOAHoe npeACTaOAellHe 0 AellllblX oAaAeUHRX xpHCTHau-cnaXHeofJ CeBeplfOH r peyuH, 06 IIX pa38HTHH 8 paMKax TypegKoH q>eOAaAbHOH CHCTeMblIi 0 CYAb6e HX BAaAeAbgeB.

Bce npHoeAeHHble 3AeCb HOBbIe cBeAeHHH, 83siTble H3 AByX Aeq>TepOB, na­XOAHIl!UXCH. B apXHBe BOCTOlJHOrO OTAeAa rOCYJlapCTBeHHOii 6u6AHOTeKHHM. B. KOAapOBa, OTHOClIll!lieCH K HaXHSlAf 3HenOAe H BHcoKa H K CeBepHoiirpegHH, KaK H yme ony6AHKoBaHHbie MaTepHaAbl STOfO pOAa, JlCHO nOKa­:.<bIBaIOT, liTO BO MHOfHX paiioHax EaAKaHCKoro nOAyocTpoBa B XV B.BAaAeAh­!!ar.~H TypeyKHx q>eoAaAbHbIx HaAeAOB 6blAH xpHCTHaJle. EOAbweH lJaCTblO aTH

38 )\KCThI 25-6-31-a.39 06 aToK aKHDHpoBKe $eO,4aJlOB, HeCWHX BoeHHylO cJlYiK6y, cM •. M. A r i f. KanulI­

name-i Ali Osman, Tarihi osmani encumeni mecmuaSl, Nv15, s. 11--12; Cpo X. X a I,J K­45 e r H 11. KaHyH-HaMa CYJlT8HIl CYJle:MaHa 3aKOH0,4uya. "rJlaCHHK 3eMAJbCKOr My3eja y Ca­pajeBy", 1949-1950, CTp. 312-316. CM. cneYH8.AbHO npKM. 47-a.

40. Ha3BaHHe Hepaa6op'lKBO, .ANCT floRpeliCAeH.

1. AKcT 14·a 2. AHeT 25-6

HOBbiE JtAHI-IblE 0 XPI1CTI1AHAX.CnAXHSlX 193

3eMAcnAaJ,tt'Ab!.!bl bblAIl nOeUllblMIl q>eOJ,taAaMH, 06H3aHHbIMH, KaK H BCe TYpeg­

Ime q)COJ,taAbl, cAymHTb B q>eOJ,taAbHO:\f OnOAlIeHHH (.,J~,~) 3a Te AOXO,llbl,

l\OTOpble OHH nOAyllaAH OT CBO,HX AeHOB, H, KpOMe TOrO, CHapRmaTb Ha CaOR

('lIeT OnpeJ,teAeHHOe lIUCAO BoopymeHHblX BCaJ.lHHKOB (,J~). npHcAyrH (f'~)'nOCTaBMITb COOTBeTcTByJOlyee BoeHHoe CHap'UKeHHe - PH3Y' (cll..e..S), KOAb­

4yry (~~~S'), lU4Tep ()"l,;,:,,), naAaTKY(~) H ltp. HeKOTOpble H3 8THX

XpIfCTUaH-CnaXUeB 06R3aHbi 6blAH cAymHTb He B cnaXHHCKOH KOHHHge, a B CyA­

TallCKOM $AOTe (l",,--? 0.>.,;.5), KaK, HanpHMep, cfleoAaAbI H3 CeBepHOH f pegHH,

nm:caHHble a paCCM~TpeHHbIH 3J,teCb perHCTp H3 fOCY,AapCTBeHHOH 6H6,AHOTeKH

11M. B. KOAapona. HeKoTopble DAaJ,teAbybl ,AeHOB 8TOH KaTeropHH 6b1AH Aara­

TopaMHBoHHyKOB 41, UMeJl H3BeCTHble 06J13aHHOCTH, KOTopble B 3HallHTeAbHOH

CTenelll1 np"paOllJl8a.I\IfCb K 06Jl3aUHOCTJlM 06blKHOBeHHblX BOHHyKOB. HanpH­

:\rep, J,tna Ta"JlX AaraTopa ynoMIfHalOTcn B KalleCTBe BAa,AeAbyeB THMapOB

II oUAaiicTe Vilk B 14j4-1455 rr.42•

CpeJ,t1f xpIfCTHaH-J,tepmaTcAei:f AeHUblX DAa,lteHHH B TypeyKOMqJeO,AaAbHOM

I'OcyJ,tapCTBC BCTpetralOTCJI I\fOHaCTblplf, KaK, HanpHMep, MOHaCTblpb PaBaHHga

II Ccp61f1f. 1--13-3a uen03MomHOCTH AJlIIHO ytlacTBooaTb 0 cfleoAaAbHoM onOAlIe­

/lUll n3aMCIl npCJ,tOCTan.\eIlIlOro JIM ¢eOJ,taAbHoro DAa,lteHHJI MOHaXH 3Toro MOHa­

CTblpH fibl.\11 06H3aHbl ::nmnHpOBaTb II cO,ltepmaTb B BoeHHoe opeMR Onpe,AeAefl­

HOC tmCAO BoiimlKOB 43. B' cAytlae UenbInOAHCUHJI COOIiX cfleoAaAbHblx 06R3aH­

l/ocTeii "All npll Apyroi'i npOBHHHOCTH y xpHCTHaH-cnaXHeo, TaK me KaK H

y TypoK-cpeoJ,taAOO, oT6upaAUCb ACHbl. Tal', corAaCHO ,ltaHHblM yme yHTHpOBaB·

"H.'men OTpbl8l\a perucTpa lI3 BOCTOtmOro OT,lteAa rOCY,AapCTBeHHoH 6H6AHO'

Tel<ll liM. B. KOAapOBa (cHrHaTypa «OAK 52/59»), y AaraTopa PaHKo H3 ceAa

GCp6IfTHlI'Ie, HaXlm 3uenoAc, 6blA OTHJlT THMap, a caM PaHKO 6blA nooeweH,

Tal' KaK 6blAO yCTauOBAeHO, liTO OH pa360HHHK 44. THMap ero 6blA nepe,ltaH ero

CblRY Kpaco. CorAacHo J.lpyroMy 3aMellaHHIO B ,lteqJTepe <1>eccaAHH, y HeKoero

oapaKa 6blAO OTHHTO ero qJeo,ltaAbHOe OAa,lteHHe, Tal' KaK OH He HBHACH Ha

BoiiHy, H nept',ltaHO lIeAoBeKy no "MeHJI Gilbertus Cancelarius 45.

cPeOJ,taAbHble, BAa,lteHHJI xpHCTHaH-cnaXHeo 0 cooeH OCHOBHOH Macce 6blAH

Hl'nCAUKIf. MCirbUJHHCTOO BAaJ,tCAO TIUrapaMIt It OtleHb pe,ltKO 3HaMeTaMH C 60­

Aee 3ua tlllTeAbHbiM ,ltOXO,ltOM. TaR, HanpHMep, B HaXHJlX 3HenoAe H BHcoKa

caMblif 60.\blIloif TI1Map, nplfJla,AAemaoUJuH 60ArapHHy CTaiirro H nepeAallHblii

3aTCM Myce E.13Y, COCTORA 1t3 ,ltoyx CCA C ,ltOXOJ,tOM B 3883 aK'Ia 46. TaKHMH me

no pa3MCpy 6blAJI II XpltCTJlallCKUC TJlMapbl 0 CeoepHoif Cep6HH H MaKe,AO'

IIUH H, cpeJ,t1l KOTOpblX 6blAH H BAa,lteHHJI c rO,ltOObIM ,AOXO,ltOM B 250 aKlIa.

41 H. Had zi h e g i c. Rasprava Ali Causa i70 Sofije ° timarskoj orranfzacfjl II

XVI! stoljc ~u. "Glilsnik Zemaljskog nJuzt'ja u Sarajevu", nova serija, 19,n, DruStvenenauke, SV. 2, str. 169: I. H. Uzun~aqill. Kanun-i Osmanf Mefhum·i Defter·i hi­kan~. "Belleten.," cilt XV, Ankara, 1951, sayl 59, S. 398. Cpo r. r 'b A 'b 60 B. OCMauo­TypCKII 113BOpH 38 6b.\rapCKaT8 H::TOpHJI. Cu. III "fOAHWHHIC Ha CO~HiicKHH yHHBepcH­TeT." HCT.-!lJH.\OA. !IJ:lK-T, T. XXXIX, 1942i43, CTp. 13. OCHOBblB8J1Cb Hn 38KOHOAaTeAb­IIbl" rlnMSlTII"Kax, f. fbl.\b160U yTBep"'AaeT, 'ITO AaraTopbl He HMeAH .\eHHblX BAaAeHHii HTOAbKO HOMIIH8.\hHO C'IHT8.\K::b Ha'laAbHHKaMK BoiiHyKOB (CM. yK. COlf •• CTp. 11-12).B AeiicTBHTeAhHocTK "'e B HcKOTOpblX perHCTpax XV B. BCTpe'lalOTCJI cseAeHHJI 0 AeHax.\8 raTopOB •

~2 H. I n aId zi k. Od Stefana Dusana••• , p. 32.43 6. 1) y ph e B. XpHwhaHH-cnaxKje ••• , CTp. 167.H AHCT 13-6. EC.\H HMeTb B BHAY. 'ITO B OIJ'H!!HaAbHblX Type!!KHX AOICYMeHT8x ..paa­

60HHHK8MH" (e~kia, harami. hlrSlz) H83b1BaAK rAaBHblM 06paaOM yqaCTHKKoB 8UTHlJ'eo­AaAbHblX 6yHTOB H oCB060,tHTeAbHblX ABH"'eHHii, MO"'HO AonycTHTb. 'ITO yrroMHHyTblii 60A­rap"H PaiiKO 6b1A YAHqeH B nOA06HblX Bpa"'Ae6HblX AeiicTBHRX no oTHoweUHIO IC TypeUICoiiBAaCTH.

~a H. I n aid zi k. Od Stefana Du~ana••• ,. p. 32.46 OTpblBOK H3 perHC1pa BOCTO'lHOrO oTAeAa fOCYAapCTBeHHoii 6"6AIIOTeICH· HM.

B. KOAilpoBa, OAK 52/59, AHCT 14-a•• 7 6. 1) y p h e B. XpHwhaHH-cnoXHje. '" CTp. 168; H. In 01 d zi k. Op. cit., .p. 3~•.

13 BH3aHTHAcKHA BpeMeHHHK, T. 13

~

"

4. .!\HCT 32-6

• ..Af.,,)••40; JJtJj'iJ.;'y;;;VJp i;;:-",

ti. t

;,(, '~'l;;tj . ..d.~ . ,,)L~' .

.,"J. fA .. 11# .

';:Ii ".. 1(. f:!~,.. ..: I'

. ":... '.~j•

~f,$J"" . .

/..,.)t:J"'V;~ .~,' -t -Idf -f .J}id~11 .1J. $ 'l\

7" it.J1~ ~.-.1.

J *.. q J{,

~ ~ ~ --;: 1"!'.: ~~~,. If ~, 't•• ",

Hit

- '-:fJ~fiJ

~UY ~ ~I'!

J- 114 i 1,. <II..

~L;t :.)£ ~ ~~ e;:~~,,,.. ..... -t ~.n "',...'f:

~~.

fit,v;r

tfti:t

!:t'tp.f·· .. ,.

~/'. .. , . '~..~.: .~ .~'ti-:..~ ;:.; ~'. : :, ~.e. . ~•. , , > ,...: .,~..:~--;,. ·::~t~.::~· -::.::. ;.. '.~. .~ e:.JiIi . .:-"",. . '. .

:··J:i~·~·4.~.

t!1 ':'~

196 6. UBETKOBAHOBbiE ,ltAHHblE 0 XPHCTHAHAX-CnAXHJIX

197

HaAHtlHe B 6aAKaHCKHX CTpaHaX B nepHO,lt TypeyKoro rOCnO,ltCTB8 XpHCTHaH­

CnaXHeB 60AbWaR 'IaCTb KOTOphIX npOHCXO,ltHAa H3 CTapOH 6aAKaHCKOH $eo­

JlaAbHO~ apHCTOKpaTHH, MO>KHO 06'bRCHHTb, C O,ltHOH CTOpOHbI, npeJlaTeAbCKHM

nOBe,lteHHeM MeCTHbIX qJeO,ltaAOB, KOTOpbIe nOWAH no nYTH corAawaTeAbCTBa H

KOMnpOMHCCOB C TypeYKOH BAaCTblO C yeAblO coxpaHHTb CBoe npHBHAerHpOBaH­

Hoe nOAO>KeHHe H aKOHOMH'IecKylO CHAY. C ,ltpyroH CTOpOHbI, aTO COBnaAO co

CTpeMAeHHeM TYpeyKHx 3aBoeBaTeAeH coxpaHHTb H HcnOAb30BaTb JlAR Hy>K,lt

TYpegKoro' qJeO,ltaAbHOro rocy,ltapCTBa HeKOTopbIe H3 HHCTHTyTOB, C KOTOpbIMH

OHH BCTpeTHAHCb B 3aBoeBaHHbIX CTpaHax. CoxpaHRR npHBHAerHH H 06Ige­

CTBeHHoe nOAO>KeHHe MHorHX MeCTHblX 3eMAeBAa,lteAbyeB, 3aBoeBaTeAH C03JlaAH

B HX J\Hye npo'lHylO onopy CBoero rOCnO,ltCTBa. Oc06eHHO aTO npaKTHKOBaAOCb,

KaK BH,ltHo,B 60Aee OT,ltaAeHHbIX npoBHHyHRX, r,lte HeAb3R 6bIAO paCC'IHTbIBaTb

TOAbKO Ha TypeyKHe rapHH30HbI, pa36pocaHHbIe no pa3HbIM rOpO,ltaM H Kpe­

nOCTRM.

XpHCTHaHe-cnaXHH, TaK >Ke KaK H TypeyKHe $eO,ltaAbl, sKcnAyaTHpoBaAH H

yrHeTaAH MeCTHoe 3aBHCHMoe ·HaceAeHHe. lh06bl coxpaHHTb CBoe KAaCCOBoe roc­

nO,ltCTBO, OHH npe,ltaAH repoH'IecKylO 60pb6y 6aAKaHCKHX HapO,ltOB H npHMHpH­

AHCb C TypeyKoH qJeO,ltaAbHOH BAaCTblO, KoTopaR 06ecne~IHAa HM B03MQ>KHOCTb

nOAy'leHHR qJeO,ltaAbHOH peHTbI C 06AaraeMoro HaceAeHHR.. . ,:

Ha OCHOBaHHII y>Ke H3BeCTHbIX ,ltaHHbIX, a TaK>Ke Heony6AHKoBaHHblX CBe,ltt>­

HHH H3 Co<IJHHCKHX THMapCK~X ,lteqJTepOB MO>KHO npOCAe,ltHTb pa3BHTHe HeMy­

cyAbMaHcKMX AeHOB B XVB. B Te'leHHe HeCKOAbKHX ,lteCBTHAeTMH aTH AeHbI

nOCTeneHHO nepeXO,lt'HAHK CbIHOBbRM CTapbIX qJeO,ltaAOB, KOTopble BAa,lteAHHMH

c!>6Iga: BAa,lteAbyaMH OTyoBcKoro AeHa 6bIAH 2 H 60Aee 'IeAOBeK. TaK, nanpH­

M&p, OAHH THMap B THpxaAe, npHHa,ltA~>KaBWHH paHbwe HeKoeMy l"}eTpy, 6bIA

3aperHCTpHpOBaH B 1466-1467 r. no,zt HMeHaMH ero Tpex CbIHOBeH, KOT0'pble

HM BAaAeAH co06Iga H no O'lepe,ltH ,ltOA>KHbI 6blAH RBARTbCR BO BpeMR BOHHbl.

B q>PO,ltaAbHoe OnOAqeHHe 65. COBMecTHoe nOAb30BaHHe STHMH' X,pHcTHaHcKHMH

AeHaMH cpa3y HeCKOAbKHMH BAa,lteAbyaMH OqeHb xapaKTepHo, oc06eHHo C cepe­

,ltHHbl XV B~ H ,ltaAee. TaK, HanpHMep, corAaCHO y>Ke t!HTHpooaHHoMy ,lteqJTepy

1466-1467 r., OAHH THMap B Cl>eccaAHH, KOTOpbIH B 1454-1455 r. npHHaAAe­

>KaA CblROBbRM EorocAaBa (Eory H neAerpHHy), nepeweA onOCA'e,ltCTBHH K CblRY

DorocJ\aoa -AAH, npHHRBweMy MycyAbMaHcTBo,"' a 3aTeM K ero 6paTy

MycTaqJe. choT MycTaq>a BAaAeA THMapoM' COBMeCTHO C CbIHOBbRMH ynoMRHy­

Toro neAerpHH8 - reHOM H rblprOpOM 66. TaKHM >Ke 06pa30M BAaAeAH CBOHMH

AeHaMH B MaKe,ltOHHH Ky6pHH H nbIp60, CblHOBbR AHMHTpH, AYKa Hero 6paT

KaAORH, ,l(YKarHH Hero 6paT naA 67, B 'HaXHH AHoaA1UI-AHAPHe cPaHapH H

ero 6paT YfoprH 68 H ,ltp. OAHOBpeMeHHO C STHM pasoHoaACR H npoyecc n..oCTe­

neHHoro 'npHHRTHR xpHCTHaHaMH-cnaXHRMH MycyAbMaHCTBa. TaK, B COqJHHCKHX

AeqJTepaX Ct:'oepHOH r peyHH H 3HenOAbCKOH 06AaCTH H B HeKOTopbIX KOHCTaH­

TJiHOnOAbCKHX JleqJTepax M8Ke,ltoHHH H cPeccaAHH 3anHcaHO 60Abwoe KOAH'Ie­

CTBO xpHCTHaH-cnaXHeB, npHHRBWliX MycyAbMaHcTBq. XpHCTHaHCKoe npOHCXO­

>KAeHHe OJlHHX H3 HHX MO>KHO 06Hapy>KHTb B HMeHax oTya HAH Jle,lta: YI6parHM,

CblH I1cbl, CblHa naBAO KYPTHKa, nawa I1rHT, CbIH KbIpKepHKa, CbIHa

PioBaHa 69, ArycTYc H OMyp, CbIHOBbR TOJlopoca 70; y JlpyrHXHa. xpHCTHaHCKoe

npOHCXO>K,lteHHe YKa3blBaeT snHTeT kafir (HeBepHbIH), CTORIgHH PR,ltOM C HMe,:­

HeM, HAH Oblpa>KeHHe nev muslim (HOObIH MYCYAbMaHHH): «Me3H,lt, HOOblH

85 H. I n aId zi k. Od Stefana Dusana••• , p •. 29-30.88 Ibid., p. 30.67 Ibid., p. 31.tl8 HeH3AaHHblH perHCTp H3 BOc':O'lHOrO oTAeAa rOCYAapcTBeHHoii 6H6AHOTekH

HM. B. KOAaposa-KoHcT8RTHRonoAb--Ae!JlTepxaHe, r. THMapbl XV B., AHCT 32-6.69 TaM me, AHCT .25-6-31-a. I

70 H. ," .. t A .; r'" nA ~..f .. " .. nn~..n.. ,{} . ~1.

MYCYAb~faHnH» 71, «TUMap RRqJHpa THMYPTawa, CblHa BapH» 72 H Jlp. TaKHM

06pa30M, nOCTeneHIIO H3 nOKOAeHHR B nOKOAeHHe HC'Ie3aAO oocnOMHHaHHe

o XpHCTuaHCKOM npOHCXO>K,lteHHM MHorHX qJeO,ltaAbHbIX C06CTE'eHHHKOB TaKoro

THna, H OHM nOAHOCTblO BAHoaAHCb 0 pRAbl TypeyKHx q>eO,ltaAOB. BAarOAapR

pacnpOCTpaHeHHlO MycyAbMaHcToa, MaAo-nOMaAY Ha'laA HCqe3aTb HHCTHTyT

XpHCTuaH-cnaXHeB D 6aAKaHCKHX CTpaHax. Ho OH eIge npOAoJ\>KaJ\ cyIge­

CTBOBaTb u B XVI D., H Aa>Ke B XVI I B., XOTR H B OqeHb OrpaHH'IeHHbIX pa3­

Mepax. TaK, 0 XVI B. B paHoHe BpaHR H Deqa HMeA q>eO,ltaAbHoe BAaAeHHe,

tJ;8BaBwee :tOXOA B 1543 aK'Ia, 60.uapHH HHKoAa, CbIH pa,ltOHHe. B STOH >Ke

06AacTH HeRHH HoaH nOCAe,ltOBaTeAbHO BAaAeA THMapaMH -B 2996 H 2960 aK'Ia 73.

no CBe;xeHJUIM OAHoro AeqJTepa, CO,ltep>Katgero 3anHCH 0 AeHax MopaBHH,'B Ha­

tla.J\e XVI B. TaM 6bl.J\0 nRTb ACHOD, OT,ltaHHbIx 60ArapaM MapKo, CblHY

KOCTa,'tI1Ha, BoeDOJtc UeKO, ,l{HMIITpU, po,ltcTDeHHHKy CTaH'I0-6eR, neTpy, CbIllY

VfCKeU;tepa, CblHa H.J\lo, II ,l{UMHTpH, CblHY Pa,ltHBOR. KpOMe HHX, B aTOM >Ke

paiiOHe yno:\lImalOTCH II ,ltDa TUMapa HOB006paIgeHHbIX CIOAeHMaHa It

MYCTa<flbl 7~. B XVI B. B pJlJte CTapbIX AOlcyMeHToB ynOMHHalOTCR TaK>Ke

xpnc'rJIalle-cmixlfu D Cep6uII 75. B nalla.J\e XVII B., corAaCHO O,ltHOMY AOKy':'

~1eHTY 1f3 BoeTo'moro oT4e.\a rOCy,ltapCTSeHHOH 6H6AHOTeKH HM. ~. KOAapOBa.

60.J\rapllH HeAH.J\Ko BAa,lte.J\ 3HaMeTOM B HHKonoAbcKoH 06J\aCTH 76.B KOHye

XVI-lfiltlaAe XVII D. B HeKOTopbIX typeyKHx ,ltOKyMeHTax rOBopHTCR 0 60A­

raplfHe (JeKO, KOTOpbIH BbmOAHHA cAym6y KHTH6a (nHcya) npH cyATaHcKOM

Alfnane If n.\aAeA 311aMeTOM B 3bIXHeHCKOH H E·IITOAbCKOH 06AaCTHX pa3Me­

pOM n 30697 aKqa, a nOTOM B CTap03aropcKoH 06AaCTH - pa3MepOM

R 19300 aKqa77

• B XVII D., a TaK>Ke B XVIII B. (1721, 1791 rr.) B pa3AHQ­

HbIX uplfnlfCKax Ha CTaptJIX yepKOBH'blX KHHrax ynoMHHalOTCR Koe-rAe cep6bI­

cnaXIIH 78. Ho no BceMy BHAHO, liTO 9TO TOAbKO e,ltHHH'IHble C.AYQaH.

XpIICTHaHe-cnaXHH, KOTopbIe HMeAHCb B 3Ha'lHTeAbHOM KOAH'IeCTBO B XV B.,

nOCTeneHHO UCqe3aAH B npoyecce yTBep>KAeHIlR TypeyKoH qJeOAaAbHOH BAaCTH

B 6aAKaHCKHX CTpaHax H nOqTH nOAHOCTblO HCqe3AH KaK HHCTHTyT B Te'leHH~HeCKO.J\bIOtX c.J\eAYIOIgHX BeROB.

JIepeOO/l. C 60.ll.1.apC7C01.0 H. E. IIleuH

71 HeH3.l8HHblii perHCTp H3 BOCTO'lHOrO OTAeAa rOCYA8pCTBeHHoii 6H6AHOTeKH H....B. Ko.ulpoBa. KOHcTaIlTIIHonoAb-Aeq>Tepx8He, I. THloI8PbI XV B., AHCT 49-6.

72 H. In 8 ) d zI k. Op. cit., p. 29, n. 46.

73 HeH3.taHHhlii AOKyMeHT H3 BOCTO'lHOrO OTAeA3 rOCYA8pCTBeHHoii 6H6AHOTekHHM. B. K().\apolllt OAK 197/10.

7i HeH3.l8HHblij AOKy.teHT H3 BOCTO'lHOrO OTAeAa rOCYAapCTBeHHOii 6H6AHOTeKH HM.B. KOA8posa. MK 26/2, AHCTbI 5-6, 15-a, 11-a, 19-8, 3O-a" 3-a, 17-6. Cpo H. non 0 B.HOBH AII""H 38 KAaCOBHTe pa3AH'IH" B 6'bArapCKOTO 06IYeCTBO npe3 TypCkOTo BAaAH'Ie­CTBO. Hn, rOA. IX, KH.6, CTp. 635-636.

75 H. C Her a pOD. no Bbnpoca 38 cnaXHH-HeMOX8MeAaRH. Hn, rOA. XI, KR. 6,CTp. 84.

76 HeH3,48HHblH AOKyMeHT H3 BOCTO'lHOrO oTAeA8 rOCYAapCTseHRoii 6H6AHOTeKH HM.B~ KOA8pORa. Ml< lOn, AHCT 5-a. Cpo H. non 0 B. YK. CO'l., CTp. 637.

77 HeH3,48HHblii perHCTp H3 BOCTO'lHOrO OTAeA8 roeYA8pCTseHHoii 6H6AHOTeKH HM.B. KOAapOBa. C<t>. 21/15, MICT 67-a; CHAmHA 334 (1'19 1) 1939. Cpo H. non 0 B. OweAaHHH 3a KA8COBHTe pa3AH'IHSI B 6bJ\rapcKoTo 06IgecTBo npeB TypCKOTO BAaAH'leCTBO.Hn, rOA. X, J<H. 6, CTp. 53-58.

78 H. C B era po B. YJ<. CO'l., CTp. 84-86.