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I CNG V LUN CU XHT.Thin Siu

Hc vin Pht gio Vit Nam ti Hu, PL. 2543 - TL. 1999Ngun

http://www.thuvienhoasen.orgChuyn sang ebook 16-7-2009

Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin [email protected] Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org

Mc LcTADN NHPS HNH THNH CA A-T-T-MA

A. NH NGHAB. NGUN GC CA A-T-DT-MA

QU TRNH PHT TRIN LUN TH A-T-T-MAC. CC LUN TH CA THNG TA BD. CC LUN TH CA HU B. CC LUN TH DO AI NI?

LUN CU XA. TC GI V THI GIAN TO LUNB. HNG TO LUNC. T CHC CA B LUN CU-X.D. TN CH CA LUN. PHIN DCH V HONG TRUYN

LUN BN

I. PHM PHN BIT GIIII. PHM PHN BIT CNIII. PHM PHN BIT TH GIANIV. PHM PHN BIT NGHIPV. PHM PHN BIT TY MINVI. PHM PHN BIT HIN THNHVII . PHM PHN BIT TRVIII. PHM PHN BIT NH

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TA

Ton b gio l c Pht u nhm mc ch ''chuyn m khai ng'' chochng sanh. V m ng l gc ca kh vui. M th kh, ng th vui. M ththnh chng sanh lun hi sanh t, ng th thnh ch Pht gii thot Nit-

bn. Nhng m l tm m ng cng l tm. Chuyn m khai ng tc lchuyn i tm m lm thnh tm gic ng. Nh vy o Pht chnh l o
http://phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Dai%20Tang%20Kinh/Nam%20Tong/http://phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Dai%20Tang%20Kinh/Nam%20Tong/


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ni v tm (Pht ng tm tng, nht th Pht ng tm). Ty theo trnh cn c ca chng sanh m mi kinh ni v tm mi khc. Khi th ni v tmtnh, khi th ni v tm tng, khi th ni v tm dng. Thm ch c khi cp vn th gii sc trn, s vt chuyn bin nhng cng ct ch rtm hu d thc hnh chuyn m khai ng.

Kinh Php C ni: "Tm dn u, tm lm ch, tm to tc mi s". "Hammun sinh lo, ham mun sinh s, khng cn ham mun c lo s g !" lni tm.

Kinh A-hm ni: "T , Thp nh Nhn duyn, V thng, V ng, Gii,nh, Tu...". l ni tm.

Kinh Bt-nh ni: "Bt nh tm, v s c, v tr, nht thit khng, v tr

sinh tm, v tng v t tnh...". l ni tm.Kinh Hoa Nghim ni: "Tam gii thng h php, duy th nht tm tc. Tmnh cng ha s, ha chng chng th gian. ng qun php gii tnh, nhtthit duy tm to...". l ni tm.v tng v t tnh...". l ni tm.

Kinh Lng Gi ni: "Nm php, ba T tnh, tm thc, hai V ng. Thnh trt gic ...". l ni tm.

Kinh Lng Nghim ni: "By ch gn tm, mi phen ch tnh thy. Thc

tinh nguyn minh, tnh tnh minh th, tri kin lp tri, tc v minh bn, trikin v kin, t tc Nit-bn...". l ni tm.

Kinh Php Hoa ni: "Pht tri kin, nht tha o, chng sanh u thnhPht...". l ni tm.

Kinh Nit-bn ni: "Pht tnh thng tr, thng lc ng tnh...". l nitm.

Kinh Vin Gic ni: "Huyn tng gic sanh, huyn dit gic vin, gic tm

bt ng...". l ni tm.

Thin tng ni: ''Bn lai din mc, v v chn nhn. Thuyn khng y, nkhng giy...". l ni tm.

Nhng trong kinh, c Pht ni tm mt cch vn tt c ng. Cc v T s,Lun s mi da theo suy tm tu chng pht hin ra nhiu ngha n


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khut trong , mi to lun gii thch, dn dn mi pht sinh nhiu ngha mi l c o gip cho hnh gi c thm s hiu bit ht sc phong

ph. T l T , ngi Long Th khi qut thnh hai l tc v chn, hay th tc , thng ngha . Ngi H Php li khai trin ra thnh bnlp hai (T trng Nh ) l th gian th tc , o l th tc , chngc th tc , thng ngha th tc , th gian thng ngha , o l thngngha , chng c thng ngha , thng ngha thng ngha . Ch vminh trong kinh cng c trong lun chia ra lm pht nghip v minh,nhun sanh v minh, nhim v tri, bt nhim v tri, kin hoc, t hoc,trn sa hoc, v minh hoc, nm tr a v minh. Lun Du-gi cun hai cnni n mi lm th v minh. Ngay lun Cu-x ny cng h thng nmun, mi hai x, mi tm gii thnh ba khoa v phn tch mt cch t mtheo hai mi hai phng din (hai mi hai mn phn bit) v t chngthnh mt vn tranh ci gia cc b phi Tiu tha v tnh h tht ca

chng. Nhng g thuc v tm m nh nm ci, mi trin mi hoc...vnhng g thuc v tm ng nh gii, nh, tu, bin tri, bin on, tn tr, vsanh tr...u c gom li sp t c h thng lun gii lm cho r rngtng ly tng t qu trnh din bin trong khi m, cng nh tun t tu chngtrn bc ng ng.

y l nhng hiu bit su sc, rng ri v cn thit xc nh r rng tngbc chuyn m khai ng m lun tng cung cp cho chng ta. Tuy nhinbn cnh ci hay , lun tng khng trnh khi nhc im v i khiphn tch qu t m lm cho vn b vm vn, li c khi cn nu nhngvic tm thng nh v sao c hai mt, thy vi mt mt hay vi haimt?...khin cho ngi c b chn nn, kh tp trung nghin cu cc vn thm o hn. V l tp i Cng Lun Cu X ny chng ti l inhng g t m rm r, m chn ly phn rt cng yu hu gip cho Tng

Ni sinh v nhng ai khng vo hng cn c "nht ao trit on, nht cliu nhin siu bch c" mun bit c phn gio l "chuyn m khai ng"c bn ca lun Cu X, trc khi nghin cu su xa vo nhng chi tit y.

c lun Cu X v cc lun th A-t-t-ma khc, cn cho thy lch schuyn bin v t tng Pht gio t sau ngy phn chia hai b Thng tav i chng vi s hng say si ni tranh bin v gio l gia cc b phisut mt thi gian di trn 400 nm sau k kt tp kinh in ln th hai tiT-x-ly.


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Ring lun Cu-x cn c v tr rt quan trng i vi Hu b, cng nhlun Thng Php Tp Yu ca ngi A-nu-lu- c mt v tr rt quan trngi vi Tn Thng ta b. V c th ni mn tm l hc, o c hc Phtgio cng c cc lun ny trnh by kh y .

T m, ngy 28 thng 11 nm 1991Son thut

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DN NHPS HNH THNH CA A-T-T-MA

Ba tng: Tu-a-la-tng, T-ni-da tng, A-t-t-ma tng. Ch A-t-t-malun thng ch cc lun th ca cc b phi, ch khng dng cho cclun th i tha. Abhidharma Trung Hoa dch m l A-t-m, A-t-t-ma, v dch ngha l V t php, Thng php, i php.

A. NH NGHA

Nguyn trong kinh A-hm c Pht dng ch A-t-t-ma vi dng tnm cc php ngha thm huyn, rng ln khng g snh kp, dn dn n binchuyn qua nhiu ngha bi cc lun s ca cc b phi. Nh lun s B-sa

th gi A-t-t-ma l phc php, v n hng phc c tt c t thuyt cangoi o. Ha a b th gi l chiu php, v n c kh nng chiu soi ttc tnh tng cc php. Th d s th gi l th php, v Nit-bn l tithng, n di php Nit-bn mt bc. Chnh l s th gi l Thng php,v n c kh nng thu t tt c kh kinh. Hip Tn Gi th gi l Cu knhtu, Quyt on tu v.v...n ngi Th Thn th gi l i php vi haingha l i hng v i qun. i l i din hng ti. i din hngti Nit-bn gi l i hng Nit-bn v i din qun st php T gil i qun. Php ca Pht dy khng ngoi hai th l php V lu thngngha (Nit-bn) v php Hu lu php tng. Tr tu qun st php tng

v chng nhp Nit-bn th gi l i php tr hay A-t-t-ma.

t-ma dch l Php c ngha l t gi ly tnh cch n (nhm tr t tnh) vlm mu mc pht sinh cho s nhn bit (qu sanh vt gii).


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t-ma tc Dharma t t cn Dhri (gi li, mang) tc l ci c nm gi,hay l tng nu gii hn ngha n trong tc v tm l. Trnh tm l sai

bit ty s tip nhn ca mi c th:

1. c Pht n l s ton gic hay vin mn gic (B-).2. L tng din t trong ngn t l gio l gio php.3. L tng ra cho t theo l lut nghi, c l, cm gii.4. L tng chng ng s l nguyn l, chn l, bn tnh, lut tc, iukin.5. L tng th hin trong mt ngha tng qut l s tht thc ti, skin, s th, yu t, (b to hay khng b to), tm v vt, th v hintng. Trong trng hp phi duy tht ca cc lun s A-t-t-ma, cht-Ma c dng nhiu nht theo ngha th nm.

A-t tc Abhi (tip u ng) c ngha l hn th, ni v. Nh vyAbhidharma, c ngha l php ti thng, hay l "Thng", hay trn thut vphp. Ngi Buddhagosa (Pht m, Pht Minh) trong Na-t-mn-gi-la Y-lp-hy-ni (sch gii thch Dhiga Nikaya) dn bi tng:" C php tng thnhc th, tn trng, ni r, ti thng, th gi l A-t-t-ma". Nh vy nrt ro c hai im. V ni dung th ngha th thng, v phng php luncu th tng tn khc chit. Ngi Pht m cn ni:". Trong kinh, php ngun ch c thuyt minh mt cch i khi ch khng i su vo chi tit,cn trong A-t-t-ma th phn bit kinh, phn bit lun, phn bit vn p,nn php ng un c thuyt minh mt cch cn k y ".

Lun i Tr ni: "A-t-t-ma l g? p: L i vn m p, hon tonl hnh thc lun cu, nu ra nhiu mt phn bit, nh ni v 18 gii, th

phn bit ci no c sc, ci no khng sc? Ci no c th thy, ci nokhng th thy? Ci no h lu, ci no v lu? Ci no thin, ci no btthin? Ci no hu bo, ci no v bo? v.v....nh th gi l A-t-t-ma".

Li nh by kit s l dc nhim, sn nhu, hu i, kiu mn, v minh, kin,nghi (Kinh Mt Hon D s 115, Trung A-hm) trong ci no l dc giih (tri buc ci Dc)?. Ci no l sc gii h? Ci no v sc gii h? Cino kin on?. Ci no t duy on? Ci no bin s? Ci no bt bins? v.v...

Ngi Chn v ngi Huyn Trang u dch Abhidharina l i php, cnhim v tp hp cc php ngha li ri em ra phn loi, nh ngha, giithch v phn bit. i php c hai l i qun l T v i hng qu


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Nit-bn. Nh vy khng th hiu Abhi,A l v, Bhi l t mt cch mymc c.

B. NGUN GC CA A-T-DT-MA

N bao gm trong s thuyt php ca c Pht. c Pht thuyt phpmt cch ung dung t ti. Li Pht ni n gin minh bch khng c g bmt. Pht phn bit v phn loi mt cch r rng. Nh vy ngun gcca A-t-t-ma xut pht t Pht.

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QU TRNH PHT TRIN LUN TH A-T-T-MA

Thi k 1: Lun th cn gi hnh thc kh kinh. Trong thi k 100 nm sauPht Nit-bn, cha chia kinh lun nh kinh A-hm cn truyn n ngy nayl do hc phong ca Gio hi Tng on m c chnh l v A-t-t-maha, cho nn trong c nhng kinh mang nhiu sc thi nh lun, nh kinhTng Nht, Tp A-hm, kinh Th K trong Trng A-hm v Phn Bit Btrong Trung B, kinh Chng Tp trong Trng B.

Thi k 2: Lun th gii thch ngha kinh. Ly kinh lm bi cnh ri nhngha, phn loi, phn bit, gii thch nhng iu ni trong kinh ch cha

pht huy vn g c sc c lp, nh V Ngi o Lun ca Pht m,

Ma-ha-ni-lut-sa, Cu-lp-ni-lut-sa trong Tiu B hay nh Hn dch PhpUn Tc Lun, Tp D Mn Tc Lun.

Thi k 3: Lun th tin ti c lp. Thi k ny Lun th khng cn bngii ngha kinh m ly tt c mc ca cc kinh tp hp li ri phn loimt cch tng tn v theo mi tiu chun phn bit tnh cht cc mcy, ni dung dn dn bao hm cc vn s tht c lp hn vi kinh lut. l thi k xut hin by b lun ca Pht gio Nam phng v i T-

b-sa lun ca Hu b, Thnh Tht lun ca Kinh b.

Thi k 4: L thi k Lun th cng yu. Cc lun th A-t-t-ma phthuy gio ngha ca cc b phi khi pht trin th mc phi ci nn qunhiu, kh hc hi ni, nn i hi phi c cc lun th tot yu. B lunth tot yu ra i u tin l b A-t-m Tm Lun ca Php Thng (t-ma-thi-la), n Tp A-t-m Tm Lun ca Php Cu, hc tr Php Thng,ri n Cu-x lun ca ngi Th Thn, Thanh Tnh o lun ca ngi Pht


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4. Nhn Thi Thit Lun (Pudgala Pannati)5. Song i Lun (Yamaka)6. Php Tr Lun (Patthana)7. Thuyt S Lun (Kathavasthu)

Ngoi by lun th c bn ny cn c cc lun th c sng tc tip theo:

- Thanh Tnh o Lun (visudhimagga) ca ngi Pht m th k 5 TL, cgi tr nh mt b bch khoa ton th Pht gio, tnh cht tng ng Cu-x Lun i vi Hu b. y l sch tiu chun ca tn Thng ta b.- Trng Tp Kinh Ch S (Sumangala Vilasini) sch gii thch Trng TpKinh (Trng B Kinh).- Attha Salina, sch ch thch b Lun Php T.- Ng Th Thut Ngha (Panca-Pakarana Atthokattha): Nm sch Ch s

i php tng.Sau ngi Pht m c nhiu tc phm ra i, trong c gi tr nht l b A-t-t-ma Ngha Tp Lun (Abhidharmattha Sangaha; H.T Minh Chu dchThng Php Tp Yu) ny do ngi A-nu-lu- (Anuruddha) vit th k 8T.L. y l b sch ngn gn tot yu gio ngha Pht gio, lm sch chnam ca Pht gio Nam phng, vi nhng gii thch xc ng r rng giongha ca Thng ta b nn nhiu ni dng n thay cho Thanh Tnho Lun.

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D. CC LUN TH CA HU B

1. Php Un Tc Lun (Dharma Skandha): 12 cun, do i-Mc-kin-lin(Mahamogalyayana), c thuyt ni do X-li-pht vit lc Pht ti th.2. Tp D Mn Tc Lun (Sangti paryaya pada) do X-li-pht vit lc Phtti th. (20 cun)3. Thi Thit Tc Lun (Prajnapti): Do Ca-chin-din (Kaiyaya) vit lc Phtti th, cha dch ra Hn vn.

4. Thc Thn Tc Lun (Vijnanakaya): 16 cun do -b-thit-ma(Devasarman) vit sau Pht Nit-bn 100 nm . 5. Phm Loi Tc Lun(Ptrakarama): 18 cun do Th Hu vit sau Pht Nit-bn 300 nm, cngdch l Chng S Phn A-t-m Lun (1).6. Gii Thn Tc Lun (Dhatukaya): 3 cun do Th Hu vit sau Pht Nit-

bn 300 nm [*]7. Pht Tr Lun (Janna Prasthana, A-t-m Bt-kin- Lun): 20 cun do


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Ca-chin-din t (Katyayaniputra - Ca-na-din-ni t) vit sau Pht Nit-bn300 nm.

[*] C trc i T B Sa . C gi tr nht trong cc lun khc thi . Sau t thy nhiu mi gom li thnh Gii Thn Tc Lun.

By b lun ny, b Pht Tr gi l Thn Lun, cn su b kia gi l TcLun, v n l ch da cho lun Pht Tr c thnh, v v ngha l chang trong n t i khng bng ngha l trong Pht Tr Lun rng hn.Trong ba b vit ra lc c Pht cn ti th, bn b vit ra sau khi Pht

Nit-bn. Ngoi by b lun c bn ny, Hu b cn c cc lun th qung din ngha l cc b trn nh:

- Lun i T-b-sa (Mahavibhasa) 200 cun, l kt qu ca i hi Kit

tp ln th t vo gia th k 2 T.L ti Ca-thp-di-la (Kasmir, K Tn) docc ngi Th Hu, Diu m, Gic Thin, Php Cu, Hip Tn Gi ch trvi s ng h tn lc ca vua Ca-n-sc-ca (Kaniska). B ny qung dingio ngha ca lun Pht Tr.

- A-t-m Tm Lun (Abhidharmahridaya) do Php Thng (t-ma-thi-la)to vo th k 6 sau Pht Nit-bn (u th k 3 T.L), tot yu i T-b-saLun.

- Tp A-t-m Tm Lun (Samyutara Abhidhar-mahridaya) do t ca

ngi Php Thng l Php Cu (Tng-gi-bt-ma) to vo th k 7 sau Phtdit (u th k 4 T.L) nhm lm r ngha trong A-t-m Tm Lun, vcho A-t-m Tm Lun qu gin lc.

- Cu x Lun (Abhidharma Kosa) do Th Thn (Vasubhandhu) to vo 900nm sau Pht dit (u th k 5 T.L), 30 cun.

- Thun Chnh L Lun: 80 cun, do Chng Hin ng thi Th Thn to,nhm bc li Cu-x.

- Hin Tng Lun: 40 cun do Chng Hin to, nhm nu bt tng ngha caHu b.

- Kinh Lng B - C Thnh Tht Lun 20 cun.

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. CC LUN TH DO AI NI?

Theo ngi Pht m trong Nam phng Pht gio th cho rng, sau khi thnho, c Pht ngi t duy di ci B-, v v sau trong cc bui thuyt

php cho thn mu trn cung tri ao-li, chnh c Pht ni su b lunu trong by lun th thuc Thng ta b. Su lun th ny c hnhthnh ti i hi Kit tp ln th ba, cn b Lun S th by do Mc-kin-lin t -tu lm ra khong 200 nm sau Pht Nit-bn, nhng cng do liPht ch k m lm, nn v quan h vn c xem nh do chnh Pht ni.Tri li, v pha Bc phng Pht gio th cho rng cc lun th A-t-mkhng phi do Pht ni m l do cc t Pht ni trong cc thi gian khcnhau, hoc trong lc Pht ti th, hoc sau khi Pht Nit-bn. Quan im caBc phng st vi s tht hn.

-ooOoo-LUN CU X

A. TC GI V THI GIAN TO LUN

Tc gi lun ny l Lun s B-tu-bn-u (Vasubandhu - cu dch lThin Thn, tn dch l Th Thn), ngi Bc An , sanh trong khong900 nm sau Pht nhp dit, ti thnh B-lu-sa-b-sa (Purusapura), ncKin--la (Gandhara), h Kiu-thi-la, chng tc B-la-mn, Ngi c ba anh

em u xut gia theo b phi Tt-b-a (Sarvstivada: Nht th hu b, gitc l Hu b, mt trong hai mi b phi Tiu tha), nhng anh ngi l VTrc (Asanga) sm t ng khng l (Sunyata) ca Tiu tha, khng cn b

b tc ni , nn thng sut tht tng, quay v nghin cu v hongdng gio l i Tha. Em ngi l T-ln-tr-t-a th ch theo gio nghaTiu tha m thi. Ring ngi l bc thng tu tuyt vi, khi cn theo Tiutha vit 500 b lun xin dng gio ngha ny. V sau, c skhuyn dn ca anh l V Trc, ngi tr v i tha v cng vit 500 blun hong dng gio ngha ny. V th, ng thi tn ngi l ThinB Lun S. Cu-x Lun l mt trong 500 b lun Tiu tha do ngi trctc. n nm 80 tui ngi vit b lun cui cng l "Duy Thc Tam ThpTng". Nh vy, c th c nh, ngi vit lun Cu-x vo khong t 40-50tui, tc khi ngi ang theo Tiu tha.

Theo Ty Vc K 2, cch thnh B-lu-sa-b-la, khong tm, chn dm vpha ng, c mt cy tt-bt-la, pha nam cy ny c mt ngi thp cao dovua A-n-sc-ca (Kaniska, 120TL) dng ln khong nm trm nm sau Pht


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Nit-bn, pha ty ngi thp c mt ngi cha cao rng, vi nhiu tng, tnl Qunh Lm, cng do vua Ca-n-sc-ca lp. Tng th ba l mt Tng

phng, ni m trc kia ngi Hip Tn Gi , pha ng Tng phng c mtgian nh, chnh ni y ngi Th Thn vit b lun Cu-x ny.

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B. HNG TO LUN

Khi tch khi Thng ta b, Hu b c kin gii ring v Pht php. TheoHu b mc ch ca ton b Pht php ch ch ra s kh ca th giihin hu v phng cch thot ly s kh t Nit-bn an n vnh cu.

Ni y hn l ch r s kh m ngi cu gii thot cn phi bit,nguyn nhn s kh m ngi cu gii thot cn phi dit tr, phng cch

dit kh cn phi tu v cnh gii Nit-bn an vui cn phi chng. l bnThnh bao gm tt c mi s vt th gian v xut th gian. Mi s vtny li c th chia ra nm v l sc, tm, tm s, tm bt tng ng v v vi.Sc tc nm cn, nm trn v v biu sc. Tm tc tinh thn, kh nng nhnthc, tc tm vng. Tm s l cng dng tinh thn c th nh cm gic,tri gic, tng tng v.v... Cng dng c th ny khng phi l cng dngca tm vng nhng n c t th ring hp cng vi tm vng thnh ccm gic tri gic, nh th tm s hp vi tm vng thnh c s cm th vuikh. Tm bt tng ng hnh, hnh l to tc, nhng php c cng dng totc gi l hnh nh sanh, tr, d, dit v.v... n t tm v sc m c c, ch

khng phi nh tm s tng ng vi tm vng, nn gi tm bt tng nghnh. V vi php tc ba th trch dit, phi trch dit v h khng v vi.

Nm v php ny theo ch tin nghi chia lm nm un v v vi, hoc chialm mi hai x, hoc chia lm mi tm gii. Nm un, mi hai x, mitm gii hp li gi l ba khoa, th n thng hng bt dit, ch khi tc dngn cha khi gi l php v lai, khi khi ri gi l qu kh, khi ang khigi hin ti. y l ch trng "ba i tht c", "php th hng c" ca tng

phi Hu b. Php th tuy hng c, nhng tc dng ca n sanh khi cphi nh n s ha hp ca cc ci khc v s quan h trc sau, tc l

nh nhn duyn, ch khng th n c khi ln tc dng. T th mi phpring cn khng th khi ln tc dng hung l c mt ch t thng nht gi l ng c sao? Do tng ny cn c gi l "Php hu ng vtng".

Hi: Nu khng c ng th ch t thng nht th ci g dn n s kh cath gii hin thc ny?


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p: Dn n s kh ca th gii hin thc khng ngoi nghip nhn vphin no duyn, nu dt ht nghip nhn v phin no duyn th qu bo skh t dt, ng thi chng c diu th Nit-bn. Phng php dt nghip

phin no ny ni lc l Thnh o tm chi, ni rng l by khoa ba miby gic phn. Tm li, tng phi Hu b rt ch trng l tnh, ch trngdng tu gin trch cc php dt m hoc chng chn l. Cho nn trn

bc ng tu o khng ngoi vn dng tu th tc (h lu tu) v tuthng ngha (v lu tu) tun t tin theo ba o l kin o, tu o, v hco. Kin o l da vo tu trch php thy bit mt cch xc tht v l T, dt c kin hoc cng gi m l hoc. Tu o l tin ln dng sc tutrch php tip tc qun st l T , dt tr t hoc cng gi l m shoc (s l s trng). Nhng hai o ny cn trn ng tu tp dt hoc chcha han ton thanh tnh, nn cn gi chng l hu hc, cho n khi hanton sch ht m hoc chng t Nit-bn mi gi l v hc o, cn gi l

v hc v. Li do cn c ngi tu c h, trung, thng nn kt qu khcnhau. H cn phi nh nghe gio php Pht tu mi c gii thot, y lchng tnh thanh vn, kt qu chng A-la-hn. Trung cn khng nh snghe gio, ch do t lc qun st l Mi hai Nhn duyn m dt hoc ngo. y l chng tnh duyn gic, kt qu chng c gic Pht. Thngcn tri nhiu kip tu hnh y nht th chng tr, dt sch m hoc, vinmn cng hnh t li li tha, chng v thng gic. y l chng tnh igic.

Gio ngha ca Hu b t khi tch khi Thng ta b cho n khi lun sCa-a-din-ni t ra i mi t chc hon chnh c h thngvi b lun PhtTr ca ng, c truyn b mnh nht ti nc Ca-thp-di-la (Kasmir, KTn) Bc An. n gia th k th hai TL, vua Ca-n-sc-ca ca Ca-thp-di-la triu tp i hi Kt tp Kinh in ln th t di s ch tr ca ccngi Hip Tn Gi, Php Cu, Th Hu, Diu m, Gic Thin thuc Hu

b (trong , Th Hu lm Thng th), kt qu c bi?t ca cuc kt tp lcho ra i b lun A-t-t-ma i T-b-sa 200 cun, nhm gii thch lunPht Tr. T trc cc hc gi A-t-t-ma c gi l i php s, t khilun i t-b-sa ra i th cc hc gi ny c gi l T-b-sa s, ngha l

v thy gii thch t m. H truyn b rt mnh Hu b, tn trng lun LcTc, Pht Tr hn kinh, mt st cc kinh lun ca cc b phi khc hnh trv c m chp ch trng "Ba i tht c, ba khoa u tht", cho l chnl, ri ch bai k khc.

n y cc lun th ca Hu b phong ph, l ngha di do n chi liphin toi, ngi hc kh theo ni, i hi n sch tm lc. p ng nhu


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cu , Php Thng vit A-t-m Tm lun, ri Nh Lun s vit VY H Khng Lun gii thch Tm Lun. Php Cu, t ca Php Thng(cng gi Php Thng, t-ma-thi-la), khng ng H Khng Lun nnvit Tp A-t-m Tm Lun gii thch Tm Lun ca thy mnh. Cclun ny tuy ni l tm lc i T-b-sa nhng c nhiu iu khngtrung thc vi i T-b-sa, ngha l khng trung thc vi l thuyt Hu b,nn khi Tm Lun ra i c truyn b ti nc Cn--la tr thnh i lpvi s truyn b ca i T-b-sa Ca-thp-di-la. Ngi Th Thn sinh tiCn--la c n Tm Lun, Tp Tm Lun, cng gio ngha ca Kinh bc ch ng tnh, ngc li khng ng tnh mt s gio ngha chnh caHu b nhng Hu b tn trng n hn c kinh Pht ni, nn ngi munthm nh li th phi, bn ci trang n ti Ca-thp-di-la nghin cu giongha Hu b, nht l nghin cu b lun i t-b-sa, c gi nghimngt ti nc . Khi n ni ngi c v A-la-hn Ng Nhp (Tc-kin-

) (Ty Tng truyn rng ngi hc vi Chng Hin l hc tr ca NgNhp) truyn dy gio ngha Hu b cho. Sau 4 nm hc hiu thu trn giongha Hu b ngi c ngi Ng Nhp ngm khuyn tr v. Khi ngi trv nc bt u ging i T-b-sa, tp ht yu ngha to thnh 600 bitng, trong thng thm ch "truyn thuyt" biu th s khng tin hnch trng "Ba i tht c, php th hng c" ca Hu b. Su trm bi tngny c a n Ca-thp-di-la, cc hc gi Ca-thp-di-la rt hoan nghnhv yu cu gii thch, ngi gii thch v c kt thnh b lun Cu-x vini dung trnh by theo s hiu bit c lp ca mnh ch khng thin vtng phi no. Tuy ngi theo Hu b, nhng nu gio ngha no ca Hu bkhng ng th ngi u b qua, cn nu gio ngha no ca Kinh b mng th th ngi thu ly, mc ch l tr b bnh tnh chp ngoan c hp hit trc ca nh Hu b, pht huy chn l Pht, v pht huy chn l Phttc l gip cho chng sanh khai sinh tr tu, on tr phin no, ly lm cch duy tr Chnh php tn ti lu di th gian. Xem bi tng cunlun ny thy ngi khng theo hn gio ngha chnh thng ca Hu b:"Ngha l ca Ca-thp-di-la hon b. C mt t iu ch bai l li ti,nhng ph phn u l chnh, iu ch do c Mu-ni". i vi lunCu-x ny, Ty Vc K cun 4 vit: "By gi c B-tt Th Thn

chuyn tm o mu, tm hiu ngha l bn ngoi ngn ng, ph ch mchp ca T-b-sa, to lun Cu-x, li l ngha l tinh vi, l tr cao siutrong sng".

Do l trn nn khi lun Cu-x ra i c mi ngi hoan nghnh nghincu v c tn l Thng minh lun, khin Lun s Chng Hin vit ThunChnh L lun 80 cun kch bc li.


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---o0o---

C. T CHC CA B LUN CU-X.

Nh bit, lun ny nhm mc ch ph thin chp ca Hu b lm

sng t chn l ca gio php. Tuy nhin, thy r chn l y, Lun ctrnh by nh sau: Ton b lun ny c 30 cun chia lm 9 phm:

1. Phm Phn bit gii, 2 quyn2. Phm Phn bit cn, 5 quyn3. Phm Phn bit th gian, 5 quyn4. Phm Phn bit nghip, 6 quyn5. Phm Phn bit ty min, 3 quyn6. Phm Phn bit hin thnh, 4 quyn

7. Phm Phn bit tr, 2 quyn8. Phm Phn bit nh, 2 quyn9. Phm Phn bit ng, 1 quyn

Chn phm ny nhm thuyt minh hai iu:

1. Tm phm u (29 quyn): Thuyt minh s tng ca cc php.2. Phm Ph ng (1 quyn): Thuyt minh l v ng.

Hoc ni r hn, ton b Lun khng ngoi thuyt minh v bn ngha chnh

sau y:1. Th dng ca v tr vn hu (phm Gii v Cn).2. Nhn v qu ca m (cc phm 3, 4 v 5).3. Nhn v qu ca ng (cc phm 6, 7 v 8).4. o l v ng (phm 9).

biu:

1. Th dngcc php

Th (P.1) Ni tng qut php hu lu,v lu.Dng (P.2)

2. Nhn quca m

Qu (P.3) Ni ring vhu lu (m)

Thn nhn


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(P.4)

S duyn(P.5)

3. Nhn quca ng

Qu (P.6)

Ni ring v vlu (ng)

Thn nhn(P.7)

S duyn(P.8)

4. o l v

ng

(P.9)

---o0o---

D. TN CH CA LUN

Nh t chc ca Lun ny chc chn n phi c i tng tn sng v cch ch lm tn ch. Vy tn ch ca n l g? l: "Qun st cng ttl nhn qu ca m v ng t n chn tr v lu ca Nit-bn". Ti saoni nh vy? Bi l, nu khng nhm mc ch y, th thuyt minh v thtnh, tc dng ca vn hu hai phm Gii v Cn gm 7 quyn lm g?Thuyt minh v nhn v qu ca m ba phm Th gian, Nghip, Ty mingm 14 quyn, lm g? Thuyt minh v nhn v qu ca ng ba phmHin Thnh, Tr, nh gm 8 quyn, lm g? V ph ch trng Hung ca lun phi c i An nh S lun (Samkhya) v Thng lun

(Vaisesika) v c t b phm Ph ng 1 quyn, lm g? Tt c unhm mc ch pht khi chn tr v lu ca chng sanh qut sch trncu vng nim v minh m t n Nit-bn. C xem mc ca Lun thcng thy r tn ch ca n. mc ca Lun l: A-t-t-ma Cu-x(Abhidharma Kosa). A-t (Abhi) dch l i; t-ma (Dharma) dch l

php;Cu-x (Kosa) dch l tng. Vy A-t-t-ma Cu-x l i phptng.


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y, lc ging lun ny ch da vo vn trng hng ln lt giithch mt s bi tng ch yu trch trong 600 bi tng cn bn v cc bitng tht ngn u v cui sch m thi.

---o0o---B. PHN TA (4 tit)

* TIT 1: QUY KNH V PHT KHI.

Quy knh bc hu c v pht khi phn Chnh tng nh th no? Tngp:* Nguyn vn Hn:

"Ch nht thit chng ch minh dit,Bt chng sanh xut sanh t n,Knh l nh th nh l s,i php tng lun ng ng thuyt". (I)

*Dch ngha:

Cc ng dit tr nht thit chng minh v ch minh, cu vt chngsanh ra khi bn sinh t. Knh l bc thy Nh l nh th, ti s nilun i php tng.

* Gii thch:

Trong bi tng ny, ba cu u l phn quy knh, cu th t l phn phtkhi.

Ch: Ch cc c Pht.

Nht thit chng ch minh dit:Hai ch "minh dit" gm tn thn haiphng din: nht thit chng minh dit v ch minh dit. V minh (sm m) c hai th:

1. Nht thit chng minh:tc lit tu. Lit tu ny i vi s l khnghiu bit r rng, n thng lm cho t tng chng ta hn m. i vis vt, l ra chng ta c th hiu bit trn vn, nhng v khng c tr tuvin mn cao thng, nn chng ta khng hiu, hoc hiu bit m m.S d nh th v chnh lit tu lm chng ngi.


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2. Ch minh: tc phin no. Phin no chnh l ng c lm nhiu lonthn tm, khin chng ta m m i vi tt c s l.

Nht thit chng minh cn c gi l "bt nhim v tri"; ch minh cnc gi l "nhim v tri". S khc nhau gia bt nhim v tri v nhim v tri nh th no?

Tnh cht ca tm c hai cch chia: chia lm ba tnh th c thin, c v vk; chia lm hai tnh th c nhim v bt nhim . Nhim chnh l tnhc v hu ph v k trong ba tnh; bt nhim l tnh thin v v ph v ktrong ba tnh. Nht thit chng minh l tnh thin v l lit tu, nhng cmt phn v k, nn gi l nhim v tri. Ch minh tc phin no, tnhcht l c v cng c mt phn v k, nn gi l nhim v tri. c Pht dit tr tt c lit tu, tc dt ht nht thit chng minh, chng c tr tu v

thng vin mn, hiu bit cng tt cc php mt cch nh tht, nn thnhtu tr c. Ngi li on tr tt c phin no, tc dt ht ch minh nnthnh tu on c. Tr c, on c l phn t li.

Bt chng sanh xut sanh t n:Chng sanh b chm m trong sinh ttht kh ra khi, nh ngi b sa trong bn ly, n gi l bn sinh t.c Pht thng xt truyn trao Chnh php cu . l c litha ca Ngi, ni cch khc, Ngi l n nhn ca chng sanh, thnh

tu c n c.

Knh l nh th Nh l s:c Pht kho lo ni php ng nh l cu vt chng sanh. Ngn gio nh l y nhm ch cho chng sanh stht khng in o; li hp l, hp thi, hp c, lm li lc hu tnh.V vy, nh n Pht, chng t vic lm khng qun gc v cuPht tr lc cho vic to lun c vin mn, hp l, hp thi, hp cnh Pht, nn ci u nh l bc thy nh l v y ba c nhth.

i php tng lun ng ng thuyt:Cu ny l phn pht khi. Ldo y knh l Pht l g? L ni lun Cu-x, tc i php tng.

---o0o---


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* TIT 2: DANH V TH CA I PHP

i php l g? Th ca n ra sao? Tng p:

*HN VN:

"Tnh hu ty hnh danh i php,Cp nng c th ch hu lun".(II)

*Dch ngha:

Tnh hu, ty hnh gi l i php, v cc hu cc lun c cng nng an tnh hu v ty hnh y cng u gi l i php.

* Gii thch:

Chi c hia ngha: i qun v i hng. i qun l tm v cnh inhau, tc em tm ch quan quan st cnh khch quan. i hng l nhnv qu i nhau, tc t nguyn nhn ny hng n kt qu kia tin bctu hnh.

Ch Php c hai ngha: nhm tr t tnh v qu sanh vt gii. Bt c mttn ti no, hu hnh hay v hnh, hin tng c th hay t duy tru tng,u c t tnh ring, khng my may ln ln. Nh n gi gn khun kh,quy cch nht nh ca n, nn khi tip xc n, ta bit l vt g. l

ngha qu sanh vt gii. Nhng chPhp y c ni l l php: Kh,Tp, Dit, o v qu php:Nit-bn. L php T l tnh v tng catt c php, nn c gi l "php tng php"; qu php Nit-bn c tnhl thin, l thng nn gi l thng; v v c tht th nn gi l ngha; gichung l Thng ngha php.

Nhng ci kh nng i qun l T v i hng qu Nit-bn y nhth no? Tng p:

---o0o---* Nguyn vn:

"Tnh hu ty hnh danh i phpCp nng c th ch hu lun".(II)


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y l hai cu nu ln th ca i php. Th y c hai: 1. Thng ngha iphp thuc v lu (tc cu: Tnh hu ty hnh danh i php). 2. Th tc i php thuc hu lu (tc cu: Cp nng c th ch hu lun).

Tnh hu: Tr hu v lu thanh tnh, c th gin trch s l cc php mtcch r rng.

Ty hnh: Tm, tm s, c, t hng hu vi (sanh, tr, d, dit) v v biusc tng ng vi tnh hu m sanh khi. Tnh hu v nh ch; ty hnh vnh t. Khi ch dy khi th t cng dy theo. B phn ti t y c gi lty hnh. Tnh hu v ty hnh c gi chung l Thng ngha i php.

Nhng khng phi ch tnh hu v ty hnh mi c gi l i php, mcc phng tin t lng cn c nh cc hu v cc lun t tnh hu y

cng gi l i php, l th tc i php.

Cc hu l sanh c hu, vn hu, t hu, tu hu; cn cc lun l ch cholun Lc tc v lun Pht tr, c lit k di y:

* Lc tc:

1) Tp D Mn Tc lun (Sangtiparyaya-pada), thi Pht, X-li-pht to,

Huyn Trang dch, 20 cun.2) Php Un Tc lun (Dharma-Skandha-pada), thi Pht, Mc-kin-linto, Huyn Trang dch, 12 cun.3) Thi Thit Tc lun (Prajnapati-pada), thi Pht, Ca-chin-din to,

Huyn Trang em v cha dch4) Thc Thn Tc lun (Vijnanakaya-pada), 100 nm sau Pht Nit-bn,

-b-thit-na to, Huyn Trang dch, 16 cun.5) Phm Loi Tc lun (Prakarama-pada), 300 nm sau Nit-bn, Th Huto, Huyn Trang dch, 18 cun.6) Gii Thn Tc lun (Dhatukaya-pada), 300 nm sau Nit-bn, Th Huto, Huyn Trang dch, 3 cun.* Pht Tr lun (Jnanaprasthana), 300 nm sau Nit-bn, Ca-a-din-niT to, Huyn Trang dch, 20 cun.

Lc tc l su b lun lm chn; Pht tr l b lun lm thn, nn cng gi lThn lun. Bi do lun Pht Tr m Hu b bc pht, tch khi b phi m


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l Thng ta b.

Cc hu v cc lun khng phi l i php ca thng ngha v lu, m lphng tin tl lng cn c t thng ngha i php, cho nn gichng l th tc i php. Hai loi thng ngha v th tc i php ny nu

phn tch t m th c bn loi:

1. T tnh i php: tc tnh hu (hu tm s).2. Ty hnh i php: tc quyn thuc ca tnh hu (cc tm s cng khi).3.Phng tin i php: tc bn hu hu lu (sanh c hu, vn hu, thu, tu hu).4. T lng i php: Tc cc lu (lc tc, pht tr).Trn y ch mi gii thch khi qut v tng vn, cn th ca ty hnh, tc

l tm, tm s, c, bn tng hu vi v v biu sc ca o cng gii tngng vi tnh hu nh th no? Bi v tnh hu khng th sanh khi mt mnhm cn phi c tm vng, tm s... cng khi theo na. Xem bn biudi y:

TY HNH (bn nhm):

1. Sc php: o cng gii v biu.

2. Tm php: lc thc.

3. Tm s php:

Chn i a php: th, tng, t, xc, dc, nim, tc , thng gii, tam-ma-a.Mi i thin a php: tn, cn, hnh, x, tm, qu, v tham, v sn, v si,

bt hi, khinh an.Hai bt nh a php: tm, t.4.Tm bt tng ng hnh php: c, sanh, tr, d, dit.

---o0o---* TIT 3: GII THCH CH TNG

T i php gii thch, cn i php tng l g? Tng p:

*Nguyn vn:


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* Dch ngha:

Nu la trch php th nht nh khng cn phng tin th thng noc kh nng dit tr m hoc. Do m hoc m th gian tri ni trongbin hu. v vy m truyn thuyt cho rng chnh Pht ni i php.

* Gii thch:

- Trch php: L tr tu, v tr tu c kh nng gin trch cc php, cng cngha ca ch i php ni trn.

- Ch hoc: Phin no lm pht sinh v tng trng cc nghip, chnh l loiphin no m l v m s, ch c a v Kin o v Tu o mi on tr

c.-Th gian: C hai ngha l hu tnh th gian v kh th gian. y cpn hu tnh th gian, tc chng sanh trong th gii m vng.

- Hu hi: Bin sanh t ca ba ci. S xoay vn trong ba ci, nhn qukhng mt, nn gi l Tam hu. Chng sanh sng v cht trong nn gi l

bin sanh t.

on ny ni, nu la tr tu c cng nng gin trch cc php, quyt nh

khng c cch no khc hn on tr phin no. Nu phin no chaon tr th sc mnh ca n lm cho chng sanh tri ln trong bin sanh tba ci. y, v mun chng sanh t c tr tu v lu c cng nng binbit cc php dt tr phin no, ra khi bin sanh t nn ni i php.

Song, i php ny trc c ai ni cha? C. c Pht ni ri rctrong cc kinh. V sau cc t kt tp thnh Kinh tng truyn li cho i.Chng hn vo khong 300 nm sau Pht, c ngi t-ma-a-la(Dharmatrata, Hn dch l Php Cu) kt tp nhng bi tng ri rc ca Phtni v v thng thnh phm V thng, v khng, v ng thnh phm

Khng, V ng.

-ooOoo-

B CC PHN CHNH TNG


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Phn chnh tng c su trm bi tng v vn trng hng, bin gii ngha l,trong y tuy bao la nhng tm tt c th thu vo hai phn ln:

1. Trnh by tng qut ton b lun, gm ba bi tng u ca phm Gii (tcu "Hu lu v lu php" n cu: "Bit c phi trch dit").

2. Gii thch ring v ngha v tng ch trong phn tng qut y, gm 597bi tng (t cu "Hu ch hu vi php" u phm Gii cho n cu "Doth tr th gian" cui phm nh).

Trong ba bi tng u:

- Cu1, ni tng qut v php hu lu, s c qung din trong hai phmGii (42 tng) v Cn (74tng). Trong phm Gii thuyt minh v bn thca php hu lu v v lu; Phm Cn thuyt minh tng qut v tc dngca php hu lu v v lu.

- Ba cu k, (t"Tr o d hu vi...C thuyt danh hu lu" thuyt minhring v php hu lu, s c qung din trong ba phm: Th gian(39tng),Nghip (131tng) v Ty Min (69 tng). Trong phm Th gianni chi tit v qu ca php hu lu, phm Nghip ni chi tit v nhn v

phm Ty Min ni chi tit v duyn ca php hu lu.

- Hai bi tng sau thuyt minh ring v php v lu, s c qung dintrong ba phm: Hin Thnh (83 tng), Tr (61 tng) v nh (93 tng).

---o0o---A. PHN CHNH TNG (2 phn)

I. PHN TNG NU I CNG

Nh gii thch trong phn ta, tr tu gin trch l phng tin th thng

on tr m hoc, nn ri rc khp ni, Pht thuyt minh v i Php,tc thuyt minh tr tu v lu. Vy nhng php no l i tng ca tr tugin trch ? Tng p:

* Nguyn vn:


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Hu lu v lu php.Tr o, d hu vi, b lu ty tng,C thuyt danh hu lu.V lu v o ,Cp tam chng v vi,V h khng nh dit.Th trung khng v ngi,Trch dit v ly h,Ty h s cc bit,Tt cnh ngi ng sanh

Bit c phi trch dit. (V)

* Dch ngha:

Cc php gm hu lu v v lu. Hu lu l cc php hu vi, tr o , vni cc php ny, lu hoc ty thun tng trng, nn gi l hu lu. Vlu l o v ba php v vi, tc h khng v hai th dit. Trong ba phpv vi, h khng v vi c ngha l v ngi (tng 2); trch dit v vi c nghal ly h, ty theo h s m c sai khc; do cc php hon ton b chngngi, nn khng th sanh khi m c bit c phi trch dit (tng3).

T bi tng ny v sau l phn chnh tng, c 600 tng cn bn. Theo phnnh ca chng trn, chia lm hai phn tng tiu (gii thiu tng qut) v

bit thch (gii thch chi tit), th ba tng ny l phn tng tiu. Tm phm

tip theo phn ny, nh phm Gii, phm Cn v.v...l phn bit thch. Vynn, lun Cu-xQuang k 1 gi phn ny l tng tiu cng yu. Nhng

php lm i tng gin trch cho tr tu c phm vi v cng rng ri, baogm tt c cc php m, ng, nhn, qu; nhng kt li chng khng ngoicc php hu lu v v lu. V th cu u ca bi tng ni: "Cc php hulu v v lu".

Trong T , tr Dit cn li l php hu vi. Trong cc php hu vi ,tr o cn li l Kh v Tp l thuc php hu lu, v rng Kh,

Tp v o l nhng php c bin dch, c sanh dit nn u thuc huvi (Samskrit); ch c Dit tc Nit-bn l php thng tr, bt bin nnthuc v vi (Asamskrit).

V sao ni Kh v Tp l h lu?Lu(Asrav), ngha l r chy, chcho phin no, nh s r chy ca nc, n xoi mn iu, ngp trn rungla, lm tn hi ging m. Phin no cng vy, n ph hoi iu thn


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tm, lm tn hi ging m thin cn. Nhng phin no ny theo thun duynm tng trng. Ni cc tm, tm s, cnh s duyn u thun theo n tngtrng u c gi l hu lu (Ssrav). Trng hp ny, khi phin nocng tng ng vi tm v tm s ty thun tng trng th gi l "tngng ty tng", khi phin no cng vi cnh s duyn ty thun tng trngth gi l "s duyn ty tng".

Lun Chnh L 4 ni v tng trng ca hai th ty tng nh sau. Nh ngoi thnh p c mt ng u tp do phn, t v nc to thnh. Trongng u tp y, v c phn nn t nc tr thnh d bn. ng thi,cngv pha trn vi t v nc nn phn cng d bn thm.V d mun ni,

phn phin no thng lm cho t, nc tm, tm s tr thnh d bn v

t, nc tm, tm s cng ty thun phin no cng lm cho n tr thnhd bn thm. y l tng trng ca "tng ng ty tng".

Li na, nh con heo trong ng u tp. Nhng con heo n, ng, a gintrn , th khng nhng ton thn ca chng tr thnh d bn,v ton thn

bm y phn u m ng u tp kia cng v chng m tr nn cng d nhphn. V d mun ni, u phin no lm cho heo s duyn tr thnh d bn,ng thi heo s duyn cng lm cho u phin no tr thnh cng d bnhn. y l tng trng ca "S duyn ty tng".

V rng, nu chp nhn ngha "ty sanh"l php hu lu th khi duyn ccphp v lu nh o hay Dit m sanh phin no th o v Dit cng phi c gi l php hu lu hay sao? Th nhng, khi duyno , Dit d c sanh phin no, cng vn khng th gi o vDit l hu lu php, vy nn ngha "ty sanh" l khng ng.

Ngc li, theo ngha ty tng, khi duyn d c sanh phin no, nhng itng s duyn khng lm tng thm, th gi l php hu lu. V nhrung ph nhiu thng sanh la m, v cng lm cho la m tng trng,nn gi l rung la. Cn rung mui d c sanh la m, cng khng thlm cho la m tng trng, nn khng c gi l rung la.

Tm li, v ty thun tng trng theo cc s duyn tng ng ca Kh v Tp , nn Kh v Tp c gi l php hu lu (Ssrav).

Php v lu (asrav) l o trong T v ba php v vi. Ba php vvi (Asamskrit) l h khng v vi, trch dit v vi v phi trch dit v vi,


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nn tng vn ni: "V lu l o v ba php v vi: h khng v hai thdit (v lu v o cp tam chng v vi, v h khng nh dit"). o v ba php v vi v sao c gi l v lu? V i vi cc php ny phinno khng ty thun tng trng.

By gi hy nu r v h khng v vi v hai th dit:

-H khng v vi: (ksa- asamskrit) tng vn dch l v ngi (anvrti), vly s khng chng ngi lm tnh. Th no l khng chng ngi? i vi

bt k vt no trong khng gian, d tn ti hay khng tn ti, php v vi nyvn tri khp trong mi s mi vt mi phng th gii, m khng lmchng ngi vt khc, cng khng b vt khc lm chng ngi, nn vn vttrong h khng khi sanh th hin n, khi dit th b i, tuy hin tng tythi gian m bin ha, v tr ty khng gian m thay i, nhng h khng y

khng h b bin i chuyn di, n thng tr bt ng. Do , ni hkhng l v vi. H khng trong quan nim thng thng, tuy tng t vih khng ny, nhng tht ra ch l sc php hin hu trong khng gianm thi, khng nhng n lm ngn ngi vt khc, m trn mt hin tng nvn chu s thay i. V nh nm vin vo nc, nc chng ,nhng ch cho chim c ri bao quanh pha ngoi vin , nn thuch vi, khc vi h khng v vi ny.

Lm th no bit c trong php v vi c h khng v vi? Vn vt trongv tr mi ci u c th ph by tng dng ca n theo mt trnh t nht

nh, khng h ri lon. C nhin, y l nh nng lc nhn duyn ca chng,nhng cng nh vo ci "khng" (khng chng ngi) hon thnh t th.

Nhn duyn ha hp th ht nhin m sanh, nhn duyn tan r th ht nhinm dit. Khi sanh th n m khng b chng ngi, khi dit th i cngkhng b ngn cn. Nh th t phi c php h khng v vi khng chngngi ny mi c th dung cha vn vt cho t tnh ca chng c hinnhin. V vy, vn trng hng gii thch: "Nh v ngi nn sc php lunlu trong ".

- Trch dit v vi: (Pratisamkhynirodha), c tng vn nh ngha l lyh (Visamyoga), do xa la cc h phc, tri buc ca phin no v minhm hin by chn l cc tng. Chn l ny l diu l khng tch ca cctng c chng c bi tr lc c kh nng gin trch dit tr h ly.Vy nu ni th phi ni: "trch lc s sc dit" (s dit tr phin no hly c thnh tu bi nng lc gin trch), v ni tt l "trch dit".


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Trch (Pratisamkhyarodha) l tr tu, nhn ca kh nng chng c dit l.Dit (nirodha) l dit l, l qu ca tr tu c kh nng chng c dit l .Dit l ny phi do xa la cc h phc ca phin no v minh mi chin by. Thot nhn, tng chng nh xa khng m nay c. Nhng kho

st mt cch k cng hn th khng phi nh vy. V nh my tan trnghin. Trng vn sn trn h khng ch khng phi by gi nh my tanmi c. Mt trng dit l cng vy, ch v t v th n nay b my m phinno v minh che khut, nn khng th thy c. Mt khi gi ln chn trthi tan my m phin no th mt trng dit l sng t. Dit l sn c tnhin chiu hin nn chng ta thy c. Ci dit l do chng ta chng cdit l m thy , tht ra khng phi xua khng m nay c, m l xa nayvn thng hng bt bin, bt sanh, bt dit, l php v vi. Nu vy, dit lc ni trong Tiu tha c khc vi chn nh c ni trong i thachng? Chn nh c ni trong i tha th tnh ca n bnh ng,

khng h? sai khc, khng hai cng khng ba. Cn dit l c ni trongTiutha y th khng phi nh vy. Dit l ny do xa la s tri buc ca cc

php hu lu m chng c, ty theo s lng bt ng ca cc php hulu tri buc (h s) c xa la m s chng c dit l cng c khcnhau. V th, tng vn ni:"ty h s cc bit", tc ty theo s lng sai bitca cc h s m s lng ca s ly h cng khc nhau. chnh l hinby ci th sai khc ca n. Cho nn, c th bit trch dit ca Tiu tha vchn nh ca i tha khng ging nhau.

-Phi trch dit v vi (Apratisamkhy): Nu chun theo l trch dit cni trn, l ng phi ni l "phi trch lc s c dit "(dit l cchng c khng do sc gin trch). Tc khng nh trch dit v vi phinh tr lc gin trch mi chng c. Phm vt c sanh ra u bt u tv lai n hin ti, ri t hin ti i v qu kh. l th lp tt yu.Khng vt no l khng t v lai m n. Nhng cng c vt v b thiuduyn, n phi dng li v lai, khng th sanh n hin ti. Nu vnh vinthiu duyn th n vnh vin v lai, hon ton khng sanh khi. Khngsanh khi tc khng c, ng ngha vi ci sanh khi m b dit i. Phpkhng sanh nh b dit ny t c khng phi bng tr tu gin trch, nn

c gi "phi trch dit". N vnh vin khng sanh th cng vnh vinkhng dit. Php khng sanh khng dit chnh l tng phn vi php huvi c sanh c dit nn gi l v vi. V th, tng ni: "Rt ro lm ngn ngicc php s sanh, nn gi l phi trch dit".

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II. PHN BIT THCH

Sau phn tng tiu i cng trn, cn c phn bit thch. Phn bit thchny ly phm Gii lm u, v cc phm k tip.

* TIT I: DANH V TH CA PHP HU VI

Php hu vi ly g lm th? V nhng d danh ca n l g? Tng p:

*Nguyn vn:

Hu ch hu vi phpV sc ng ng unDic th l, ngn y

Hu ly, hu s ng. (VI)*Dch ngha:

Li na cc php hu vi,L nm un, gm sc un ...Cng cn gi l th l,

Ngn y, hu ly, hu s...Trong tng vn ny hai cu u nu th ca php hu vi, hai cu sau cpcc d danh ca n.

Th ca php hu vi chnh l nm un (Skandhapancakam) sc, th, tng,hnh, thc. Trong 75 php, nm un bao hm ht 72 php, tr ba v vi, l:

1. Sc un, 11 php (5 cn, 5 cnh v v biu sc)2. Th un, 1 php l hai tm s th v tng3. Tng un, 1 php trong 46 tm s.4.Hnh un, 58 php (44 tm s v 14 php bt tng ng hnh).5.Thc un, 1 php, tc tm vng.Ch vi (Krt) trong hu vi (Samskrt) c ngha l to tc. Php do cc duynto tc m c gi l hu vi. Nhng trong ba i: qu kh, hin ti, v v lai,cc php qu kh v hin ti, do cc duyn to tc m c, nn gi l hu vi nh. Cn cc php v lai cha c s to tc, sao cng gi l hu vi? Vnhng php v lai ng loi vi cc php trong qu kh v hin ti, nncng c gi l hu vi. Nh g b la t th gi l ci, cn nhng c cy


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cha b la t nhng v ng mt loi vi th b t nn cng c gil ci.

Php hu vi cn c cc d danh di y:

1.Th l (Adhv): Theo vn trng hng, c hai cch gii thch:

-Th l tam th, l l ch da, ng i. Cc php hu vi l c im ch dacho ba thi qu kh, hin ti v v lai i qua. y l gii thch tp hp danht theo lut Y ch thch(Tat-purusa).

Trong Cu x lun k ca ngi Ph Quang c hai li gii thch tp hp danht ny, theo lut Hu ti thch v lut Y ch thch. Cu-x Lun Sca PhpBo th theo lut y ch thch. y dng lut Y ch thch ca ngi PhQuang.

-Th, ch cho cc php hu vi u b hoi dit, l, l n lm c im cho lutv thng. Vy, th tc l. y l gii thch tp hp danh theo lut Trnghip thch (Karma-dhraya). Cu x lun s ca Php Bo theo Y chthch. y theo cch gii thch ca Cu x lun k.

2. Ngn y (Kthvastu) theo gii thch trong vn trng hng: ngn lngn ng. Th ca n l m thanh, ch da ca n l danh v ngha.

Theo , danh l kh nng din t, ngha l ci c din t. C hai ul c im cho m thanh v ngn ng da vo. Bi v cc php hu vicng vi danh v ngha trn y cng hin hnh trong ba thi gian, nnc gi l ngn y. Nh ni: Tng, trc, th danh vi kh nng din tv th ngha c din t ca chng u c sanh dit, bin ho?i v cnghin hnh trong ba thi gian, nn gi l hu vi.

Php v vi mc d cng c danh din t, nhng th ca n khng c sanhdit nh danh. Nh ni: Trch dit v vi, th ci danh xng din t l

php hu vi c sanh dit, nhng dit l c din t trong th thng tr

bt bin, nn khng thuc v php hu vi nh danh xng ca n. V th, bach danh cu ngha trong vn trng hng cng c gii thch theo haicch: -Danh v ngha kia ni ln bn th m ngn ng y c.

- Ngha v danh kia l tch bit vi ngha trong php v vi, khng ngtnh cht vi danh.


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3. Hu ly (Sanihsra): Ly l vnh ly tc Nit-bn.Tt c cc php hu viu c tnh cht vnh ly , nn gi l h ly. Nh c ca ci th gi lhu ti.

4. Hu s (Savastu): S l nguyn nhn. Tt c cc php hu vi u cnguyn nhn sinh ra, do chng c gi l hu s.

Ni ng, tc vn vn, v php hu vi cn c nhiu bit danh khc na, nhhu qu, v.v...

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* TIT 2: D DANH CA HU LU

T hu lu gii thch trc kia, cn d danh ca l n l g? Tng p:

* Nguyn vn:

Hu lu danh th unDic thuyt vi hu trnh.Cp kh tp th gian,

Kin x, tam hu ng. (VII)

* Dch ngha:

Hu lu cn c tn khc l th un, cng gi l hu trnh, v kh tp thgian, kin x, tam hu,v.v...

* Gii thch:

Th un (Updna-skandha): Th (Updna), tc phin no, v phin nol cng nng m vng chp th trong ba ci sanh t. Th un, theo vntrng hng c ba cch gii thch: V un do chp th m sanh, v h thuc

ni th, v v c cng nng sanh ra th, nn c gi l th un.

Hu trnh (Sarag): Trnh tc phin no. Phin no quy ng thin cn,gy tn hi cho mnh v ngi. Phin no cng cc php hu lu khc tcng h tng tng trng nn gi l hu trnh.

Kh tp th gian (Dhukkam-samudaya-loka): Kh l qu ca m vng.


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Tp l nhn ca m vng. C hai u l php hu lu. l php hu luth khng thot khi lu thin lu di i qua bn tng trng: Sinh, tr, d,dit. Cc php ny l i tng i tr ca Thnh o v lu nn gi l th

gian.

Kin x (Drstisthana): l mi trng cho s th trc ca tri kin. Kin cngha l suy cu theo s thc y ca c tu t kin, gm c thn kin, binkin, t kin, kin th v gii cm th.

Thn th ca chng sanh vn do hai yu t tm v vt t hp m thnh, vgi l "nm un ha hp". i vi thn do ng un cu thnh y, m chpcho rng c ci ng thng hng, ch t. gi l thn kin. T thn kinsinh ra thin chp cho rng con ngi sau khi cht hoc mt hn, hoc cn

mi, nh vy gi l bin kin. Do nhn thc sai lm m ph nh lut nhnqu, gi l t kin. Cng do nhn thc sai lm m chp rng ba loi kintrn l ng, l tht, l hn ht, nh vy gi l kin th kin. Do nhn thcsai lm m i vi ci khng phi nhn cho l nhn, khng phi o cho lo, t gii ca ngoi o m cho l chnh gii, l gii th kin.

Tam hu (Bhava): dc hu, sc hu v v sc hu. Php hu lu l nhn caba ci, l im ta ca chng, v khng vt c ra ngoi chng.

ng: Vn vn, ch cho cc d danh khc na ca hu lu, nh hu

nhim,v.v...

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* TIT 3: ON 1: GII THCH SC UN

Nm un (sc, th...) l php hu vi. Nh vy, sc un gm nhng g?Tng p:

* Nguyn vn:

Sc gi duy ng cnNg cnh cp v biu. (VIII)* Dch ngha:


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Sc gm nm cn, nm cnh, v v biu. V v biu sc tng trng ca nnh th no?

Tng p:

* Nguyn vn:

Lon tm v tm ngTy lu, tnh bt tnh.i chng s to tnh

Do th thuyt v biu. (IX)

* Dch ngha:

Lon tm, v tm,v.v...ty lu, tnh v bt tnh, c tnh cht l do i chngto thnh nn gi l v biu.

Trong bi tng ny, cu u ch v tr ca v biu. Ty lu (anubandha) chtng trng ca v biu. Tnh v bt tnh ch tnh cht ca v biu. Cu th

ba ni ci nguyn nhn ca v biu trnh s lm ln. Cu th t l cukt, gi v biu sc l mt loi trong sc php, nhng khng phi l vt cth nh nm cn hay nm cnh. Tuy xa nay, i tha v Tiu tha u sdng, nhng c nhiu gii thch d bit. y ni khi qut v v biu trc,

ri s gii thch tng vn sau:V biu sc: (Avijnatirupa) l sc php khng biu th cho ngi khc thy,tri vi loi sc php c biu th thy c. Lc chng ta c ng thn th,ni nng, lm vic thin hay c, th i vi k khc, c s biu th c th,khin h bit l lm thin hay c. S biu th c th gi l biu schay biu nghip. Nhng s pht hin ca biu nghip thin hay c y honton nm trong nh lut nhn qu. Bi l thy r nguyn nhn th no,tng lai chiu cm kt qu s nh th y. Do l , c s kch ng trongtm ca mnh. Nguyn nhn kch ng ny khng hnh tng, khng biu th

cho ngi khc thy c, gi l v biu sc. Th ca v biu sc khngphi do tng hp cc cc vi, m ch do ng tc ca thn th v s phtng ca ngn ng kch thch pht khi. V ty theo thn th v ngnng, kh nng pht ng to thnh ra n l vt cht, nn n c gi l

sc. V li nu cn c vo l v biu sc l sc khng chuyn ng l thuctheo tm, th qu tht v biu sc y nng vo bn i chng m c. Vnng vo bn i chng nn gi l sc.


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Li na, v biu sc c nhiu loi, nh lut nghi v biu, bt lut nghi vbiu, phi lut nghi phi bt lut nghi v biu.

1. Lut nghi v biu: Tnh cht ca n l thin, gm ba loi:

a. Bit gii thot lut nghi v biu: Do xa lnh ti li ni thn, khu caring tng gii m t c th v biu. Nh t Pht nh th tr cc

phm trt gii lut: 5 gii, 10 gii, 250 gii, 348 gii...m t c th vbiu.

b. Tnh l lut nghi v biu: Tnh l l nh, khi nhp nh, tt nhin xa lac ti li ni thn, khu, cho nn t c th v biu.

c. V lu lut nghi v biu: Khi pht khi thin tm v lu, t nhin xa la

c ti li ca thn, khu nn t c th v biuHai loi v biu sau tc loi b v c cn gi l v biu ty tm chuyn. Ngoira, cc loi khc c gi l v biu khng ty tm chuyn.

2. Bt lut nghi v biu: Do hnh ng th c ca thn, khu, nn phtsinh th v biu thuc c tnh.

3. Phi lut nghi phi bt lut nghi v biu: y l lai v biu m tnhcht khng nghing v thin hay c, cng khng dt khot l thuc vlut nghi v biu hay bt lut nghi v biu.

Tng ni, lon tm v tm ngl mun ni n a v ca th v biu. Chng(vn vn) c th c l: "lon tm ng, v tm ng" v trong cngm c bt lon tm v hu tm.

Lon tm ng (Viksiptpi): T cc tm thin, c, v k i chiu vi v

biu ca thin v c, h ci no c tnh cht tng ng th gi l bt lontm, cn ci no b dit th gi l lon tm (iksipta). Nh vy i vi v biuthin th gi c tm v v k tm l lon tm, v gi thin tm l bt lontm; cn i vi v biu c th gi thin tm v v k tm l lon tm, gic tm l bt lon tm.

Xem biu sau:


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V biu

Thin

c tm

lon tmv k

tmthintm

bt lontm

c

thintm

lon tmv ktm

lon tm bt lontm

V tm ng (Acittapi): V tm ch cho v tng nh v dit tn nh. Khinhp cc nh ny, tm khng hin khi, nn gi l v tm. Ngc li nghany l hu tm.

S hin hu v tn ti ca v biu sc thng c bn v: lon tm, bt lontm, v tm v hu tm, nn ni lon tm v tm ng. Nhng lon tm, btlon tm cng chnh l hu tm, th th cn g phi thit lp thm hu tm?Lon tm v bt lon tm cn c vo tn a Dc gii v lp ra; hu tmv v tm cn c nh a thng gii m lp ra, cho nn khng phi ltrng lp.

Nh th, ti sao trong tng vn khng nu bt lon tm v hu tm? Bi vthin v biu tn ti ni thin tm v hu tm, cn c v biu tn ti ni ctm v hu tm. l l thng thng, khng c g l. Nhng thin c v

biu vn tn ti ni tnh tng phn ca chng. Ni cch khc thng cthin tm v v tm; c v biu thng c c tm v v tm. y mi chnh l

ch d bit. ch r s d bit , y c bit nu ln lon tm v btlon tm...

Ty lu (Anubandha): Ty: ty thun; lu: lu chuyn. C ngha l tngt, tng tc. Chnh l v biu sc ni bn v: lon tm, bt lon tm, hutm v v tm; n c tnh cch ty thun tng t, lu chuyn tng tc.Tuy v biu sc ty thun lu chuyn vi bn v, nhng cn c s phn bit,


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v n khng trn vn. Chng hng, bit gii thot lut nghi v biu th chcchn thng c bn v, cn tnh l lut nghi v v lu lut nghi v biu chhin hnh ni mi mt v hu tm m thi. Li na, bt lut nghi v biucng ch hin hnh hai v lon tm v bt lon tm, v chng da vo vbiu m c sai khc.

Tnh - Bt tnh (Subhsubha): Hin th th ca v biu, th ca n ch c haitnh: thin v c, khng c tnh v k. V thin nn gi l tnh (Subha), v vc nn gi l bt tnh (Asubha).

i chng s to tnh: i chng l bn i: t, nc, la, gi. Cc phpkhc, c php tuy thng c bn v ty thun tng t v lu chuyntng tc, nhng tnh cht ca chng khng do bn i to ra. Ch c vbiu sc ny ty thun lu chuyn ni bn v, li l tnh cht do bn i ch?

ng to. V chng khng ng nhau, nn y nu ra nhn ca v biu sc khi ln ln.

Do th thuyt v biu, kt lun v s thnh lp danh t v biu. Ch"thuyt" l thuyt ca cc lun s T-b-sa, cn lun ch th khng tin vbiu sc c thc th ring bit. Nhng iu khc, theo y c th bit .

Th tnh ca v biu sc c to thnh bi bn i chng. Vy bn ichng l g? Tng p:

* Nguyn vn:

i chng v t gii,Tc a, thy, ha, phong (tn).

Nng thnh tr ng nghip (dng),Kin, thp, non, ng tnh (th) . (X)

* Dch ngha:

i chng l bn gii: t, nc, la, gi; c kh nng thnh tu ccnghip tr, nhip, thc, trng. Tnh cht ca chng l cng, m, nng,

ng.

i c ba ngha:

1. Th i: Bn i ny ph bin khp cc sc, khng vt no khng dochng to thnh, nn th ca chng rt bao qut.


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2. Tng i: t rng, ni cao l tng a i tng thnh; sng ngi,bin c l tng thy i tng thnh; gi to, bo lc l tng phong itng thnh; l la phng phng l tng ha i tng thnh. Bn itng thnh nh vy l hnh tng ca bn i.

3. Dng i: a i c kh nng nng , duy tri mi vt; thy i ckh nng thm dnh, lm ni thuyn b; ha i c kh nu chn, tchy cy c; phong i c kh nng tng trng hoc qut ng cy ci. l tc dng i.

Chng: Bn i l ch nng ta ca tt c cc php do chng to ra(php s to). Nh h khng ph bin khp ni, tuy c th l i, nhngkhng gi l chng. Li na, nh ht ging cy c, tuy c th sanh mmnhnh m c gi l chng, nhng khng th gi l i. Nay y t,

nc, la, gi, khng nhng th, tng v dng u i m cn l chng tca tt c sc php, nn gi l i chng.

Gii: Tr gi. Bn i chng c kh nng gi gn t th v cc s to scca chng, v th chng cng c gi l bn gii.

---o0o---

* TIT 3: ON 2: GII THCH TH, TNG, HNH UN:

Trong 5 un, gii thch sc un, cn ba un th, tng v hnh un nhth no? Tng p:

*Nguyn vn:

Th lnh np ty xc.Tng th tng vi th.T d danh hnh un.Nh th th ng tam,

Cp v biu v vi,Danh php x php gii . (XI)

* Dch ngha:

Th l s lnh np ty theo xc. Tng ly s chp th nh tng lm th.Ngoi bn un ra l hnh un. Th, tng v hnh nh th, v v biu v vigi l php x php gii.


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Mt bi tng ri ny nhm thuyt minh v cc un th, tng v hnh; vcng cho thy trong mi hai x, chng thuc v php x; v trong mitm gii chng thuc v php gii.

Th lnh np ty xc: Th l s lnh np ty theo xc. y l gii thch vth un. C hai gii thch.

1. Th l s lnh np ty theo cnh ca xc.2. Th l lnh np ty theo xc ca th.

Cu-x 10 ni: "V sao ni xc l hnh tng c lnh np bi th?. Vy c ni hnh tng ca th rt tng t vi xc, v v th y c ni xcm sanh vy". Chnh L Lun 20 ni, "Ty xc m sanh, lnh np nhng

ci xc ng a, v c hai gi l th". Cng Chnh L Lun quyn 2 ni,"Li na, cc th tm lc c hai th: chp th th v v t tnh th. Chpth th l kh nng lnh np cnh s duyn ca ring mi tm tm s. Ttnh th l kh nng lnh np cc xc m chng n i theo. Cho n, ci sduyn c nhn lnh bi th, vi mt php lm cnh i tng no ca

xc, tng trng sai bit ca chng rt kh m nhn thy. Cho n, tuy thcng c kh nng lnh np cnh gii, nhng t tnh ca s lnh np nycng kh bit c. Cho nn, lnh np xc l t tnh th. T tnh th nycng tnh cht vi cc tm, tm s khc, s sai bit y d bit. Hin Tng

Lun cng ni "Th lnh np ty xc l th no? V th l qu gn ca

xc vy". Ch "ty xc" theo lut bin cch danh t, ch cho ngha vnguyn nhn, v th l tc duyn ty thun vy. Th c kh nng ty thun

xc, ly xc lm nhn nn ni "th lnh np ty xc", s lnh np ty xcc gi l th.

Da vo cc on vn trn, cch gii thch th hai c coi l ng. y,theo cch gii thch ny.

Th l mt trong bn mi su tm s. Tm s ny, qu th (th nh l qu)nh th no? l s lnh np ty thun ni xc ca ring n. Theo nghany, th c chia lm ba loi:

1. Kh th: Lnh np ci xc kh khng va .2. Lc th: Lnh np ci xc va .3. Bt kh bt lc th: Lnh np xc trung dung.


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* TIT 3 - ON 3: GII THCH TNG UN

gii thch bn trong nm un, cn un th nm l thc un th nh thno? Tng p:

* Nguyn vn:

Thc v cc liu bit.Th tc danh x,Cp tht gii ng tri.

Lc thc chuyn vi . (XII)

* Dch ngha:

"Thc l s liu bit theo tng i tng ring. Thc gi l x, v bytm gii. Nn bit cn l do su thc chuyn thnh".

Thc un l ch x trong mi hai x hoc by tm gii trong mi tmgii. Trong mi tm gii, cn gii do su thc thn v gin dit chuynha thnh ra. Thc v c ba s khc nhau: 1. Do thi gian, thc sinh tronghin ti tri v qu kh l . 2. Do nng s y, lc thc thn l ci nng ta, l ni nng ta. 3. Do nng s sinh, t sinh l thc, sinh ra thc l .

Thc l tm vng trong 75 php, gm su th l: nhn thc, nh thc, tthc, thit thc, thn thc v thc.

Su tm vng ny, tuy mi ci i trc cnh s duyn u sinh ra tcdng phn bit, nhng tc dng phn bit c ba loi khc nhau, l tynim phn bit, k t phn bit v t tnh phn bit.

- Ty nim phn bit l phn bit theo s nh li cnh qu kh.- K t phn bit, l khng nhng ch phn bit theo s nh li qu kh mcn ngh n cnh hin ti v suy on v tng lai na.

- T tnh phn bit th khng ging hai loi trn. N ch do t tnh ca tmthc khi i vi cnh hin ti th t nhin phn bit mt cch hn nhin ththi.Trong ba loi phn bit ny, nm thc trc, t nhn n thn, ch c t tnh

phn bit. lc thc th ngoi t tnh phn bit ra cn c ty nim phnbit v k t phn bit na. T suy ra, tc dng ca nm thc trc rtn gin, ch phn bit cnh hin ti m thi. V trong cnh hin ti ,


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chng ch trc nhn hu cht cnh ca ngoi gii ch khng c tc dng suylng, so snh... Khc th, lc thc phn bit cc cnh mt cch rngri, sut c ba thi (qu, hin, v), v bt lun l cnh hu hnh hay v hnh,

bn trong hay bn ngoi, cng khp tt c.

Khi i trc cnh s duyn, su thc ny sinh ra tc dng phn bit, so vitc dng phn bit ca cc tm s khc nhau th no? Theo Quang k 1, c

bn thuyt:

1. Tm vng ch duyn tng tng, Tm s ch duyn bit tng.2. Tm vng duyn tng tng v bit tng, Tm s ch duyn bit tng.

3. Tm vng ch duyn tng tng, Tm s duyn c tng tng ln bittng.

4. Tm vng duyn tng tng l chnh, cn duyn bit tng l ph. y, thuyt th ba ng hn c i, Tiu tha cng nhn. Tm vng vtm s u l tm ch quan duyn cnh khch quan. Trong ci no duyntng tng th chnh l tm vng. Th d, khi mt ta nhn thy mu, duynly ton th mu phn bit l tc dng ca tm vng. Nhng trong lc, khng nhng ch duyn ly mu n thun, m ng thi ni mu y,cn duyn ly ci tng sai bit ca n na, nh xanh, vng, xanh m,xanh lt v.v... nu thch th sanh mong cu, khng thch th sanh nhmchn. l tc dng ca tm s. Tc dng ca tm vng v tm s khcnhau ch .

Thc un, ch su thc: nhn, nh, t, thit, thn v thc. Ngoi su thcny cn c cn gii. Vy, xt cho cng, php g gi l gii? Tng p:

* Nguyn vn:

Do tc lc thc thn,V gin dit vi . (XIII)

* Dch ngha:

Do chnh su thc thn v gin dit lm . Ch "thn"c ngha l "th", tcch cho th ca su thc. V c kh nng lm ch nng cho thc sau phtsinh, gia su thc qu kh v hin ti khng c s gin cch, gi l cn gii.

Trn y ch ni v nm un, mi hai x, mi tm gii. Nh vy chngdung nhip c tt c cc php nh th no? Nay y, cn c vo thuyt


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ph thng nht, l nm v v 75 php, biu th ci tng tng nhip cachng, nh biu sau:

BIU I CHIU 5 V / 75 PHP

* 11 sc php: sc un* 1 tm php: thc un* 46 tm s php: th, tng un* 14 bt tng ng hnh: hnh un* 3 v vi php.

---o0o---* TIT 3: ON 4: TNG NHIP

Nh trn, c nm un, mi hai x, mi tm gii u kh d tng nhipc tt c cc php. Vy s tng nhip nh th no? Tng p:

* Nguyn vn:

Tng nhip nht th php,Do nht un, x, gii.Nhip t tnh phi d,

D ly tha tnh c.(XIV)

* Dch ngha:

Tng nhip tt c cc php, do mt un, mt x, mt gii. Ch nhip nhngg cng tnh cht, v nhng g khng cng tnh cht th tch ri nhau.

Trong tng vn trn, hai cu trc ni v s h tng dung nhip; hai cusau ni v gii hn ca s dung nhip .

S tng nhip tt c cc php (hai cu tng u) chnh l sc un trong nm

un, x trong mi hai x v php gii trong mi tm gii. V sao vy?Mc d gii hn ca tt c cc php v cng mnh mng, nhng vn c thc thu gn trong 5 v v 75 php. Trong , sc un tng nhip tt c sc

php, x tng nhip tt c tm php, v php gii tng nhip tt c tm s,bt tng ng hnh v v vi php. Do , trong ba khoa: un, x, gii, chc bit nu ln sc un, x v php gii.


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T: Tch t, tc l ngha ca un. V cc php hu vi phm loi sai bit, nnc th nhm hp c. Nh sc php, hoc qu kh, hoc v lai, hoc hinti, hoc trong ngoi thn, th t, thng lit, xa gn v.v...phm loi tuy saibit, nhng c th tm lc thnh mt nhm, gi l sc un. Th, tng,hnh, v thc cng nh vy. Ni tm lc thnh mt nhm l ch tm lcci danh, ch khng phi tm lc ci th. V th ca cc php hu vi thng

sut v tn ti trong ba thi qu kh, hin ti v v lai, ch chng phi tcht cc php trong ba thi v mt ni, cho nn gi l lc.

Sanh mn: Tc cn c, c ng sanh khi, l ngha ca x. Sao gi l sanhtrng? V 12 x, 6 cn v cnh, l ch nng v ch duyn ca tm v tm

s, c kh nng pht sinh tm v tm s, nn gi l sanh khi. Nhng phpth th hng hu trong ba thi nn y ni sanh khi l sanh khi tc dng,ch khng phi sanh khi bn th.

Chng tc: L ngha ca Gii. T tnh chng loi ca mi tm th (sucn, su cnh, su thc) ring bit khng ng nhau nn gi l gii. Hayni cch khc l mi tm lnh vc ca tt c php.

Tm li, tch t nhiu phm loi sai khc gi l un; cn, cnh, l ni phtsinh tm, tm s, nn gi l x; t tnh cc php sai bit nn gi l gii.

Ba khoa un, x, gii ny theo Tt-b-a b chng u l tht hu. Kinhlng b ni un, x l gi, gii mi l tht. Lun ch khng chp nhn c

hai thuyt trn. Nm un cha nhm cc phm loi ring bit, nh trongngoi, th t, thng lit, xa gn v.v...trong ba thi, nn u l gi. Cn mihai x, mi tm gii d l s duyn hay nng duyn, cng u c tht th,tht dng nn gi n l tht. y l l do lun ch ch trng: Un gi, xv gii tht.

---o0o---

NHN DUYN THUYT GIO

V l do g m c Th Tn ni ba khoa un, x v gii ny? Tng p:

* Nguyn vn:

Ngu, cn, lc tam c,Thuyt un x gii tam. (XVI)

* Dch ngha:


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V ngu si, v cn tnh v v s a thch, mi loi u c ba hng, nn ThTn ni ba khoa: un, x, gii.

Ngu: Tc m mui, i vi cnh s duyn khng c nhn thc sng sut rrng. Th ca n l v minh. C 3 loi ngu si:

1. Ngu chp tm s l tht ng: i vi tm s khng c s nhn thcr rng, nn Th Tn ni php nm un ph tr. V trong nm un,sc v tm vng, mi th ch mt un, cn tm s c n ba un. Vynn i vi tng ca tm s qun st k cng th xem n c chi l thtng?

2. Ngu chp sc php l tht ng: y l hng ngi i vi cc scphp khng c s nhn thc r rng, nn Th Tn ni mi hai x ph tr. V trong mi hai x, tr v php, cn li mi x kia u lsc php. Do , c th qun st k cng xem th n c phi chng ltht ng?

3. Ngu chp sc tm lm tht ng: Hng ngi ny i vi cc sc lntm u khng c s nhn thc r rng, nn Th Tn ni mi tm gii

ph tr. V trong mi tm gii c mi gii (nm cn, nm cnh)cng vi mt phn php gii, tc v biu sc, u thuc sc php; cnby gii kia l mt phn php gii u thuc tm php, nn i vi haingha sc, tm, Ngi hp li ging thuyt ra mi tm gii khinqun st n c phi l tht ng chng?

Cn: l cn tnh ca hu tnh, cng chia lm ba:

1. Li cn: l hng ngi cn tnh rt thng minh thong nghe hiu nnPht gio ha h bng nm un.

2. Trung cn: hng ny km thng minh hn hng li cn, nn Pht gioha h bng 12 x.3. n: cn hng ny cn tnh ti tm, chm lt cn nghe nhiu mi lnhhi c, nn Pht gio ha h bng 18 gii.

Lc: l s a thch ca hu tnh, cng c ba hng:1. Hng ngi a nghe ni lc: i vi hng ny Pht ni php nm un gio ha h.


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2. Hng ngi a nghe ni va: i vi hng ngi ny Pht ni php12 x gio ha h.3. Hng ngi a nghe ni rng: i vi hng ngi ny Pht ni php 18

gii gio ha h.Tm li, ging nh v lng y ty bnh cho thuc, Pht thuyt gio thchhp vi cn c sai khc tng hng vi chng sanh, khin h c nhiuli ch. Do Ngi phn bit ni c ba khoa.

BIU NI BA KHOA & CC HNG NGI

Ba khoa NGU CN LC

UN Tm s Li Thchgn

X Scphp

Trung Thchva

GII Sc vtm

n Thchrng

---o0o---

LP V PH CC UN.

Trong bn mi su tm s, ti sao trong hnh un gm 44 mn m li tchhai tm s th v tng lp ring thnh hai un? Tng p:

* Nguyn vn:

Trnh cn, sanh t nhn.Cp th nhn c, ch tm s php,Th, tng bit vi un. (XVII)

* Dch ngha:

"V l nhn ca tnh cn, ca sanh t, v v nguyn nhn th t, cho nn tni cc tm s, lp ring th v tng thnh hai un".

* Gii thch:


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Bi tng trn nhm gii thch l do lp ring hai tm s th v tng thnhhai un, c ba l do:

1. V l gc ca tnh: Tnh tc phin no. Cn l ci r. V th v tngl ci r ca phin no m lm, nn gi l tnh cn. C hai loi:

a. Nhng ngi ti gia i vi cnh ng dc th?ng sanh lm tham m (i).

b. Nhng ngi xut gia thng mng khi nhng vng kin chp trc(kin).Hai s i v kin trn do u m c? Do c tm s th th lnh cnh ng dcnn sanh tham i. Do tm s tng mng khi nhng t tng in o nn

pht sanh vng kin. Vy chnh th v tng l nguyn nhn ch yu sanh racc phin no nh th, nn t trong 46 tm s, tch th v tng ring lp

thnh hai un.

2. V nguyn nhn ca sanh t: Sanh t l kt qu ca m lm. Cinguyn nhn ch yu a n k?t qu m lm chnh l th v tng.Chng sanh chm m v lu chuyn trong sanh t do v tham i msay hng th khoi lc, v do v mng khi t tng in o. Cn cvo nguyn nhn ch yu ca tho v tng nh th, nn chng cring lp thnh hai un.

3. Do nguyn nhn th t: V cn c theo th t th, nhim, kh v giibit nn lp ring th v tng thnh hai un, to thnh th lp canm un: sc, th, tng, hnh, thc.

Ti sao nm un ch thu tm cc php hu vi m khng bao gm cc phpv vi? Tng p:

* Nguyn vn:

Un bt nhip v viNgha bt tng ng c. (XVIII)

* Dch ngha:Un khng bao gm cc php v vi,V ngha khng tng ng.* Gii thch:


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Bi v th ca php v vi khng c ci ngha bin hoi v bin ngi nh scphp, v khng c tc dng liu bit cnh nh th, tng,... cho nn khngxp vo nm un. Li na, cc php v vi khng tng ng vi hnh v thcnn khng c xp vo nm un.

Vy, sao khng lp thm un th su thu nhip chng? Nh giithch, un c ngha l tch t. Cc php hu vi hoc qu, hoc hin ti, hoctng lai, hoc trong, hoc ngoi..., d c nhiu th loi sai khc, nhng uc th c thu tm thnh mt nhm, v nhm th nht gi l sc un, chon nhm th nm gi l thc un. Cn cc php v vi khng c qu kh,hin ti, v lai... khng c phm loi sai khc, v khng c ngha tch t, thlm sao m lp thnh un c?

---o0o---

TH LP DANH T NM UN

Th lp ca nm un:

Th lp ca nm un nh th no? Tng p:

* Nguyn vn:

Ty th, nhim, kh ng,Gii bit th lp. (XIX)

* Dch ngha:Ty theo tnh cch th, nhim, vt kh v gii bit m thnh lp th lp.* Gii thch:

y l trnh by th lp nm un. C bn th lp:

1. Th lp ty th: Tc th lp trc th sau t, sc un c ngi, c i,so vi bn un sau u v hnh, nn sc un th hn, v v th n c

ni trc ht. Trong bn un k, th c kh, lc...i vi thn c s cmnhn kh, lc, hnh tng ca n th hn ba un sau, nn c xphng th nh. Trong ba un sau, tng un l tng v cc tng saibit nam n, v.v... so vi hai un cn li, n d nhn bit hn, nn xpvo hng th ba. Trong hai un cui, hnh un bao gm cc phin notham sn... so vi thc un hnh tng ca n r rng hn, nn xp vohng th t. Cn thc un l tm vng, tm thu ht cc cnh tng,


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hnh tng ca n rt l vi t, kh phn bit, nn xp vo hng saucng.

2. Th lp ty nhim: Nhim tc l phin no nhim . Cn c vo thlp sanh khi nhim ny m lp ra nm un. T v th n nay, knam ngi n yu thng ln nhau u tin l do cc hin hnh sc,nh nhan sc, dung mo. i vi cc hin hnh sc m pht sinh i,lc, do i lc m mong cu c lc th sc . Th y l do tngin o m sanh ra. tng in o li sanh khi t nghip phinno (nghip phin no c xp vo hnh un), v nghip phin no thli ly thc lm ch nng ta. Do c th lp t sc, th, tng,hnh v thc.

3. Th lp ty kh: y l th lp theo vt kh. Ly vt ng mn n, n, gia v, ngi u bp v thc khch th d. Mun i khchtrc ht cn phi chun b vt ng mn n, k tm kim n nhgo, bn... tip theo l gai v nh mui, dm,... ri sau mi giao chongi u bp nu nng, cui cng mang ra i khch. l thlp t nhin. Nay y, th em sc, th, tng, hnh, thc phi hp vith lp ca nm v d trn xem th no. Sc un l ch nng ca th,so vi vt dng ng mn n, l ch nng ca n, ging nhau. Cnlc th trong th un hay lm li ch cho ngi, kh th hay lm tn hicho ngi, chnh l ng vi v d n hay lm li ch cng nh lm

tn hi cho ngi. Trong tng un, nu sanh tng thn i, th clc th, cng y nh mui, gim lm tng thm hng v mn n. Nghipphin no trong hnh un hay to ra qu d thc, c th v vi ngiu bp bin ch mn n, cn thc un th cm nhn qu bo khngkhc g ngi khch c tht i.

4. Th lp gii bit: Gii c ba: Dc gii, Sc gii v V sc gii. Sc ci Dc hnh tng rt r rt, nn sc c ni trc. Cn th nhn smng vui th ci Sc th thng hn, nn ni th un th nh. Ba x

khng v bin, thc v bin v v s hu trong ci V sc, cc tng vkhng v.v... th thng hn, nn xp vo hng th ba. Cn phi tng, phiphi tng trong ci V sc, , nghip lc cm th qu bo n tmvn i kip, t nghip thuc hnh un l ti thng, nn xp hng tht. Bn un trc l s tr, thc un l nng tr, lm ch tr cho chngt, nn thc un c xp hng cui cng.


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Tm li cn c vo bn ngha: ty th, ty nhim, ty kh v ty gii bitm lp thnh ra th lp ca nm un: sc, th, tng, hnh v thc nh th.T y n ht phm Gii, cn mt on di bn v s th lp thnh lp xv gii. Dng hai mi hai ngha gii thch rt t m v mi tm gii,nu r s tng quan rng ri ca 18 gii t Dc gii n V sc gii, hulu, v lu, kin phi kin v.v...

---o0o---

II. PHM PHN BIT CN

Phm ny gm 47 bi tng, chia lm bn on chnh:1) 22 cn.2) Cc php cu sanh.

3) Tnh cch cu sanh.4) 6 nhn, 4 duyn v 5 qu.

on 1 - 22 cn:

Cc php hu vi c th, c dng. Phm Gii ni v th, Phm ny ni vdng. Ci tc dng mnh m, r rt nht ca cc php nhim tnh l 22 cn,nn cn c nu lm tn phm, v c ni n trc tin. (Lun Chnh Lgi l phm Sai bit, Lun Tp Tm gi l phm Hnh).

22 cn l: mt, tai, mi, li, thn (c nng pht thc), nam cn, n cn (ssai bit hu tnh, tng mo), mng cn (kh nng tn tc ca mt chngsanh), u, h, kh, lc, x (thuc php nhim), cn (kh nng tip nisanh t t ti ty hnh), tn, tn, nim, nh, hu (nm cn thanh tnh), v tring tri, d tri, c tri (ba cn v lu), 8 cn sau thuc php thanh tnh.

Con s 22 cn chnh do Pht ni ri rc trong cc kinh A-hm v cc tgom chung li. Ton b Pht php ch thuyt ging hai mt m v ng. Ml sanh t lu chuyn. Ng l hon dit Nit-bn. Lun Chnh L ni: "Sanht tip ni l ngha lu chuyn, sanh t chm dt l ngha hon dit". V

mt hin thc lu chuyn phi c 14 cn u trong 22 cn . V mt hinthc hon ditcn c 8 cn sau trong 22 cn cn . y c bit tm hiu5 cn l mng cn, cn, v tri ng tri cn, d tri cn v c tri cn trong 22cn .

Mng cn: mng cn l th sanh mng, th mng ca loi hu tnh. Chnh nc cng nng kt hp vi kh nng v thc (th, non, thc) to thnh mt


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hu tnh, sng v bo tr s sng va thn v tm trong mt thi gianngn di ca mt i. Nu khi ba th th, non, thc ri nhau th s sngcng chm dt. Ni cch khc, y l nghip lc (sc mnh ca nghip) ay ging nh tri banh ln xa hay gn l do sc ngi . Khi sc ht thtri banh phi ngng li.

cn: cn cng tc l tm cn, tm vng, lm ch da cho su thcnim trc sanh khi, su thc nim sau bi nng lc v gin dit ca n. cn c hai kh nng c bit: mt l lm ni tip mt sinh mng trong tnglai, hai l t ti vn hnh. Nh kinh Tp A-hm 36 ni: "Tm nng o th

gian, tm nng bin nhip th". Tt c iu tt xu lnh d ca th gian udo tm dt dn, tm lm ch thu nhip mi s.

Ba cn v lu: L v tri ng tri,d tri, c tri, da theo ba o l kin o, tu

o, v hc o kin lp v ly 9 cn l , h, lc, x, tn, tn, nim, nh,tu, lm th. Ngi hnh gi khi tin tu trn ng gii thot, qun st l T theo tin trnh pht khi16 tm l 8 nhn 8 tr dt tr 88 s kin hocm nhp kin o. Nhng khi sanh kh?i tm th 15, vn cha bit r l T, i n khi tm th 16 khi ln mi bit trn l T v dt trn kinhoc. ti a v ny pht sinh 9 cn nh trn gi l v tri ng tri cn. Vk theo d tri cn tu o phi da vo y mi pht khi ra c. Tip giaion kin o l giai on tu o, ti y cng phi tip tc qun l T dt ht 81 phm t hoc . Khi tu qun dt t hoc ny pht sinh 9 cnnh trn gi l d tri cn, v nh y lm cn c mi tin n c tri cn. v

hc o vi 9 cn nh trn lm t th. Tiu B Kinh tp I trang 458 ni: " Vtri ng tri cn, tri cn, c tri cn", (cn: ti s bit iu cha c bit;cn v s bit; cn ca ngi bit. Cn vi ngha sc mnh hoc phng

php. Ba cn ny lin h n tng lai, hin ti, qu kh. Cn ca v bitc i vi bn s tht, thnh tu nhng g cn phi lm).

---o0o---

on 2: CC PHP CU SANH

Cu sanh tc duyn sanh, nhm ph t kin v nhn sanh, to ha sanh. Ccphp hu vi (hin tng) khng th n c ring sanh, m phi c nhngphp khc ng thi nng nhau m pht sanh, nn gi l cu sanh. Ccphp, trong v tr nhiu v lng khng th k xit, nhng c th quy httrong nm loi l sc, tm, tm s, tm bt tng ng hnh v v vi. Trongnm loi ny, tr v vi l php thng hng khng bin ha sanh dit, khng


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thuc php cu sanh; bn loi cn li thuc php hu vi nn u l cu sanh.Vy, cc php cu sanh l nhng php g?

Xem biu sau:

5 V,75 PHP

HU VI, 72

* SC PHP, 11 5 cn, 5 trn, v v biu sc.

* TM PHP, 1 6 thc tm vng.

* TM S PHP,46

I A PHP, 10: Th,tng, t, xc, dc, hu,nim tc , thng gii, tamma a.

I THIN A PHP, 10:Tn, bt phng dt, khinh an,x, tm, qy, v tham, vsn, bt hi, cn.I PHIN NO APHP, 6: Si, phng dt, giii, bt tn, hn trm, troc.I BT THIN APHP, 2: V tm, v qu.TIU PHIN NO APHP, 10: Phn, ph, xan,tt, no, hi, hn, sim,cung, kiu.BT NH A PHP, 8:Tm, t, thy min, tc,tham, sn, mn, nghi.

* BT TNGNG, 14

c, phi c, ng phn, v

tng thin,v ng nh,dit tn nh,mng cn,sanh,tr, d,dit, c vn thn.

V VI, 3- H khng.- Trch dit.- Phi trch dit.


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Biu ph:THEO DUY THC C 5 V, 100 PHP.

5 V,100 PHP

HU VI,94

* SC PHP, 11 5 cn, 5 trn,php x s nhip

sc

* TM PHP,8 8 thc tmvng.

* TM SPHP, 51

- Bin hnh: Nh10 i a phpca Cu x- Bit cnh: Nh10 i a php

ca Cu x- Thin, 11: Nh10 i thin a

php ca Cu-xthm v si.- Phin no, 6:Tham, sn, si,mn, nghi, ckin.

- Ty phinno, 20

- Tiu ty, 10:Nh 10 tiu phinno a phptrong Cu-x.- Trung ty, 2:V tm, v qu.- i ty, 8: Troc, hn trm, bttn, gii i,

phng dt, thtnim, tn lon btchnh tri.

- Bt nh 4:Hi, min, tm,t.


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* BT TNGNG, 24: NhCu-x tr phic, thm d sanh

tnh, lu chuyn,nh d, tngng, th tc, th, thi, phng,s, ha hip, btha hip.

V VI,6

* H khng v vi.* Trch dit v vi.* Phi trch dit vvi.* Bt ng dit vvi.* Dit tn nh vvi .* Chn nh v vi.

V sc v tm php gii thch phm Gii. y ch ni n tm s, tmbt tng ng hnh v tnh cch cu sanh ca n.

1. Tm s php: Tm thc v hnh, khi i tip cnh vt khch quan, khngnhng n thu nhn tng chung ca cc php nh tc dng ca tm vng,m cn thu nhn tng ring. Chnh tc dng ch quan thu nhn tng ringny, n ty thuc tm vng nh by ti ty thuc vua, l s hu ca vua,nn gi n l tm s, hay tm s hu php. Loi ny gm 46 th chia thnh6 nhm:

a. i a php: 10 thb. i thin a php: 10 th

c. i phin no a php: 6 thd. i bt thin a php: 2 th. Tiu phin no a php:10 the. Bt nh a php: 8 th(Chung c 46 th ny xem r biu trn)a. i a php: ch tm vng. Tm vng l mnh t mtm s hin hnh v lu hnh trn . i, ch cho 10 tm s


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th, tng, t v.v... V 10 tm s ny c cng dng rt lnthng c ba tm thin, c, v k v bt c lc no tm vngsanh khi th cng u c n tng ng khi theo.

Ni tm, tm vng l mnh t cho 10 tm s th, tng,v.v...c cng dng rt ln nng ta, hin hnh nn gi l ia php.

b. i thin a php: C hai cch gii thch:1. 10 tm s: tn, bt phng dt, v.v...ch thucthin tnh nn gi l thin.2. Bin khp cc thin tm. H l thin th uc n, nn gi l i. a ngha nh trn.

c.i phin no a php: V tnh ca 6 tm s ny thuc vc v hu ph v k (nhim ) hay lm no lon lng ngi, vkhp cc tm nhim u c n, nn gi l i phin no.

d.i bt thin a php: V tnh cht hai tm s ny thuc vc, v khp cc c tm u c n, nn gi l i bt thin.. Tiu phin no a php: Mi tm s ny, tnh cht gingnh i phin no, n a v tu o mi on tr. Nhng nch ring bit khi ln theo lc thc nn gi l tiu phinno.e. Bt nh a php: Tnh cht ca tm tm s ny khngthuc thin nh i thin a php, khng nhim nh a vtiu phin no a php, cng khng ging i bt thin a

php. Nhng n li ty lc tr thnh thin, hoc c, hoc v k,nn gi l bt nh. V n khng bin khp cc tm nh myth trn, nn trn u khng c thm ch i hay tiu.

2. Tm bt tng ng hnhphp: V loi php ny khng tng ng vitm php nn gi l bt tng ng gin bit vi tm s. Hnh l hnhun, tc mun ni n thuc hnh un, ch khng thuc sc un hay v vi.

Sao gi l tm tng ng v tm bt tng ng? Tm tng ng l ch chocc tm s tng ng ha hp vi tm vng bi nm s ng ng:

a.ng s y: Tm vng tm s ng nng mt cn m hinkhi. Nh khi nhn thc tm vng nng nhn cn m hinkhi, th tm s tng ng vi nhn thc cng nng nhn cnm hin khi, ch khng th nng cn khc.

b. ng s duyn: Tm vng tip xc cnh no th tm stng ng cng tip xc cnh .


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c.ng hnh tng: S nhn thc ca tm vng nh th noth nhn thc ca tm s tng ng cng nh th y. Hnhtng tc tng mo hiu bit, s nhn thc l tng hnhng ca tm.d. ng thi gian: Tm vng, tm s tng ng phi ngmt lc hin khi..ng th s: Mi tm vng, tm s tng ng u c t thring bng nhau ha hp li mi thnh ngha tng ng.

Loi tm bt tng ng hnh c 14 th nh k trn.

---o0o---

on 3: TNH CCH CU SANH

Bt lun sc php hay tm php, tuy Hu b ch trng chng u tht hu,tng quan pht sinh, song tm v vt ngang nhau ch khng phi ci nysinh ci kia. Khi sanh khi u c bn tng sanh, tr, d, dit, cng sanhkhi, v th mi gi l php hu vi. Nu khng c bn tng ny km theo,th hn thnh php v vi. Ngoi bn tng hu vi ny ra, mi sc php sanhkhi cn c bao nhiu th ng sanh vi n? Mi tm php sanh khi cnc bao nhiu th ng sanh vi n?

1. Tnh cch cu sanh ca sc php: Sc php l ch tt c s vt c sc

cht t trong cn thn n ngoi kh gii sn h i a u do bn i nngto l t, nc, la, gi v bn i s to (cng gi l bn vi trn) l sc,hng, v, xc, ha hp to thnh. V chnh ngay t mi i hay mi cc vicng u c ha ln cc i hay cc cc vi khc. V d: a i ly cc vicng (c th) lm th chnh, nhng trong n vn c tnh t (dch th) cathy i, nu khng th vng bc th cng, lm sao nu chy, v nu khngc tnh t th t s r ri khng thnh t c. Trong t vn c tnhnng ca la nn p c la vng ra, v nh tnh nng m t khng bthi mc. Trong t c tnh ng, (ng lc, kh lc) ca gi, nn cy cngcng lung lay v mi ln ln c. Trong t vn c sc, hng, v, xcha hp nn mi thnh c. Thy, ha, phong, sc, hng, v, xc cngu c tnh cht ca cc i khc v cc vi ha hp ln ln tmg t nhvy mi thnh. Suy ra bit.

2. Tnh cch cu sanh ca tm, tm s:Nh lit k trn, tm s gm46 th, trong , c th thuc thin tnh, c th thuc c tnh c th thucv k tnh v c th thng c ba tnh. Vy, khi tm vng khi thin tt


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phi cng vi tm s thin tng ng, khi tm vng khi c tt phi cngvi tm s c tng ng, khi tm vng khi v k tt phi cng tm s vk cng khi. Vy khi tm vng thin hay c khi, c my th tm s cngkhi vi n?

BIU -Biu tnh cht tm s cng khi vi tm vng

Tm

Vng

Thin tnh10 i a php10 i thin a php

c tnh

10 i a php8 i phin no a php2 i bt thin a php

10 tiu phin no a php

V k

Hu ph

V ph10 i a php8 bt nh a php

on 4: Su Nhn - Bn Duyn - Nm Qu:

Mun php u do nhn duyn m sanh m dit. Duyn hp th sanh, duyn

tn th dit, vn khng c t tnh chn tht. Tuy nhin, c nhn th c qu vngc li, nhn qu r rng. l c s ca nn gio l Pht. V tr bao la,cc php v cng, lut nhn qu nhn duyn cng thm su, phc tp, khsuy cng manh mi. Song, theo Cu-x tng c su nhn, bn duyn, nmqu, cn tng Php tng Duy thc th ra bn duyn, mi nhn, nmqu. y gii v su nhn, bn duyn, nm qu, ca tng Cu-x.

---o0o---

A. SU NHN

Su nhn l: Nng tc nhn, cu hu nhn, ng loi nhn, tng ng nhn,bin hnh nhn, d thc nhn (c th gi l su d kin hay cn nhn).

1. Nng tc nhn: Nhn l nng tc, qu l s tc. Nng tc tc nhn, nngi l nng tc nhn. Bt k d kin no d khng lin h trc tip, nhng


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nu c s tr gip cho kt qu c sanh thnh u gi l nng tc nhn.Nhn ny c hai th:

a. Hu lc nng tc nhn: Hu lc l c sc gip mt cch tchcc. Nh nhn cn i vi nhn thc, t gip cy c mc. Ch

php hu vi mi c tnh cch hu lc nng tc nhn ny; phpv vi th khng.b. V lc nng tc nhn: V lc l ch gip mt cch tiu cc.

Ni cch khc, l khng gip g c, ch khng lm tr ngi chos sanh thnh ca kt qu. Nh h khng khng lm tr ngimi vt pht sanh, tng trn ni khng lm tr ngi cy lamc di ng, v.v...

Php v vi v tng, khng lm chng ngi g, nn cng thuc v lc nng

tc nhn ny. Nh vy, nng tc nhn c phm vi rt rng ri, bao gm chu vi v v vi, nhng tr t thn ca mi php chnh n, v t thn khngth lm nhn cho t thn.

Hi: Nu vy, nm nhn kia cng lm nng tc nhn c ch?

p: c, nhng v nm nhn kia cn c cng dng khc v c tn gikhc, nn khng gi chng l nng tc nhn.

2. Cu hu nhn: Thng thng v mt thi gian, lun lun nhn trc qu

sau, nhn qu khc thi; nhng v mt khng gian, nhn qu li ng thi,cng c mt lc, mt ch nn gi l cu hu nhn. C hai th:

a. H vi qu cu hu nhn: (nguyn nhn h tng), khng cvt no ng ring r m thnh, phi t hai vt tr ln nngnhau p i lm nhn lm qu th mi thnh c. Nh s htng gia bn i. Nh tc ng ni: "Cy a cy thn, thncy cy a".b. ng nht qu cu hu nhn: (Nguyn nhn hip ng), mtngi khng th t chc thnh mt x hi, nhiu ngi c cng

mc ch mi t chc thnh x hi. Ht ging, t, nc,phn,... tuy khc nhau, nhng cng chung to ra kt qu l cyla, bn i hp nhau mi tn ti v to ra s vt. Nh tc ngni: "Ba cy chm li thnh hn ni cao".

3. ng loi nhn: Tnh ng loi lin tc trong s vt l nguyn nhn chos sanh thnh ca vt. Nh nim lnh trc lm nhn cho nim lnh sau,


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nim c trc lm nhn cho nim c sau, nhit trong nc mi tng dnth nc mi si, nu c t on tng gim khng chng th khng th nosi c. Nh tc ng ni: "C cng mi sc, c ngy thnh kim". ngloi nhn l nguyn nhn ca s ng loi tng tc t ni.

4. Tng ng nhn: Tng ng c ngha nh cu hu, v n l mt phnca cu hu nhn, ch khc l cu hu nhn c phm vi qun thng c v trvn hu sc tm, cn tng ng nhn th ch gii hn tm vng v tms. Hin tng tm vng, tm s khng th tch ri m phi tng ngthun hp t tr cho nhau pht sinh. Vy chnh s tng cng lnguyn nhn. Gia tm vng v tm s c nm s ng nhau mi thnhtng ng, nh ni trn.

5. Bin hnh nhn: Bin hnh ng ngha vi ng loi. N l mt phn

ca ng loi. Nhng ng loi nhn c phm vi qun thng c v tr, cnbin hnh nhn ny ch gii hn mi mt phin no bin hnh ca tms, ch ra tnh quan h tin nhn hu qu ca n m thi. Mi mt phinno bin hnh l by mn: thn kin, bin kin, t kin, kin th, giicm th, nghi, v minh trong mi hoc (phin no) do m l Kh sinhra, cng vi bn mn: t kin, kin th, nghi, v minh trong by hoc (phinno) do m l Tp sinh ra. N c tc dng lm nhn pht sinh tt c phinno, nn gi l bin hnh nhn.

6. D thc nhn: Nhn v qu khc loi, khc tnh vi nhau, hoc bin i

a n qu thnh thc, l nguyn nhn a n qu bo d thc, gi l dthc nhn. Do nhn thin c m cm qu d thc v k. Nh do nhn thinm cm qu bo vui, do nhn c nghip m cm qu bo kh. Nhng vui lvui, kh l kh, khng th bo t thn s vui kh l thin hay c, mc d qu

bo vui kh l do nghip nhn thin c gy ra. y l tm ca l nhn qu.

Tm li, nguyn nhn ca vn php tuy rng ln v cng, nhng tm likhng ngoi hai loi nhn qu ng thi v nhn qu d thi. Nguyn nhnng thi l xt v mt khng gian, cc s vt cng nng nhau, gip nhau

pht khi, nh A-B nng nhau sinh tn. Nguyn nhn d thi l nhn vmt thi gian trc sau tip tc gip nhau khi, nh ht la trc sanh cysanh la sau.

Trong su nhn ny, hai nhn cu hu v tng ngthuc v nguyn nhnng thi, d cu hu nhn thng c v tr vn hu v tng ng nhn chgii hn tm v tm s. Ba nhn ng loi, bin hnh, d thc u thuc


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v nguyn nhn d thi, d ng loi nhn thng c v tr vn hu, binhnh nhn ch gii hn lnh vc ca tm, d thc nhn th nhm vo tnhnhn qu bt ng m ni. Ch ring nng tc nhn l nguyn nhn bao trmtt c, khng lun ng thi, d thi, ni tm, ngoi vt, hu vi v vi u cth tr thnh nng tc nhn cho nhau c c.

---o0o---

B. BN DUYN

Duyn ngha l quan h. S vt hnh thnh v tn ti gia nhng mi quanh chng cht phc tp. C bn duyn:

1. Nhn duyn: Thng thng gii thch nhn l yu t chnh, duyn l yut ph i vi hu qu. Nhng y nhn duyn l ci duyn ca nhn. Lynhn lm duyn gi l nhn duyn. l yu t quan h mt thit trc tipvi hu qu. Nn trong su nhn ni trn tr nng tc nhn, cn li uthuc vo nhn duyn ny.

2. ng v gin duyn: L s din ra trong trt t lin tc t ni, t hintng trc n hin tng sau. Nu hin tng trc ng im khng mli, th hin tng sau khng tin bc c. Nh chn trc khng xung th chn sau khng d ln c, v nh vy khng thnh i, n, nncng cn gi l khai o duyn. Duyn ny ch yu ch thuc ni tm. N l

ci duyn tip ni bnh ng trc sau khng gin on ca tm.

3. S duyn duyn: L duyn ca s duyn, ca i tng. y l ciduyn ca s i i ch khch, trong ngoi. C khch mi thnh ch, ci tng tm mi sinh. Duyn ny ch yu cng thuc ni tm.

4. Tng thng duyn: L ci duyn gip thm t bn ngoi c hai th:

a. Thun tng thng duyn: Duyn gip thm s thun li pht trin, nh ma gi thun thi i vi hoa mu.

b. Nghch tng thng duyn: Duyn gip thm mt cch tringc lm cho ln bi, nh hn hn i vi hoa mu.

Tng thng duyn ny tng ng vi nng tc nhn, phm vi rt rng.

Xem biu i chiu su nhn bn duyn sau:


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Su nhn

- Nng tc nhn- Cu hu nhn

V lc

Hu lc

- Tng thng

- S duyn- ng v gin

Bn duyn- Tng ng nhn

- ng loi nhn- Bin hnh nhn- D thc nhn

- Nhn duyn

Hi: Gia su nhn v bn duyn c g sai khc?

p: Nn bit nhn duyn l ch yu ca o Pht, nhm ct ngha s sanhkhi bin hoi ca hin tng vn php mt cch ng n, ch khng nhli ct ngha theo t nhn v v nhn. Song, phm vi duyn sanh rt rng,nn n c din t rt nhiu cch, bn duyn ch yu ni v s hin khica nhn thc, cn su nhn ch yu s hot ng ca sanh mng, ngoi sch chung c mun php. l im sai khc ca chng.

---o0o---

C. NM QUNhn v duyn to ra qu. Qu c hai loi ln l:

- Qu hu vi, c sanh dit bin d, do nhn duyn sanh.- Qu v vi, thng tr khng sanh dit, do Thnh gi chngc.

1. Qu hu vi: C bn th:

a.D thc qu: tc thn qu bo ca loi hu tnh hoc kh hoc vui tronglc o. Qu d thc do nhn d thc trong su nhn v tng thng duyntrong bn duyn to thnh. Bn cht ca nhn d thc l thin c, bn chtca qu d thc l kh vui v k. V bn cht ca nhn v qu khc nhau nhth nn gi l qu d thc. Nhn qu d thc chnh l trng thi chng sanhsanh t lun hi vy.


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b.ng lu qu: Tnh cht ca qu ging vi nhn. Tm trc lnh sanh ratm sau lnh, tm trc c sanh ra tm sau c. ng lu qu do ng loinhn, bin hnh nhn v tng thng duyn to ra.

c.S dng qu: S l s phu, dng l tc dng ca nng lc. Kt qu do nnglc tc dng ca s phu gi l s dng qu. C hai th:

1. Nhn s dng: Ch nng lc con ngi hoc loi c tri gicto ra vi tr tu v tay chn qua cc cng nghip trong laong. Chnh kt qu cng nghip ny l s dng qa.2. Php s dng: Ch cho php nh sc, tm tuy khng honton l mt con ngi hay loi c tri thc, nhng c nng lctc ng to ra qu ging nh con ngi. V nh do sc ngip v l nhn s dng, cn nh mt tri lm v l php s

dng.d. Tng thng duyn: L kt qu ca nng tc nhn v bn duyn hpthnh. Nh c hc th bit, nhng cn ty thuc ng thy dy d hay hay,n sch tt hay xu m kt qu hiu bit c nhiu hay t, ng hay sai.y l tng thng qu.

2. Qu v vi: L qu th nm trong nm qu tc ly h qu. Ly h l thot lys rng buc ca phin no v minh.Ly h qu tc l Nit-bn, l trch ditv vi, l kt qu m ch cc thnh gi chng c khi on tn s rng buc

ca tham i phin no nh nng lc ca tr tu tu o. Qu ny thuc qu vvi, khng do su nhn v bn duyn to thnh.

CC PHP HU VI DUYN SANH

Trong 75 php k trn, tr ba php v vi thng tr bt bin, khng phinguyn nhn nng sinh, cng khng phi l kt qu s sinh, khng phithuc phm vi nhn qu, cn 72 php kia thuc hu vi u theo lut duynsinh. Nh 11 sc php do nhn duyn v tng thng duyn sinh, 47 tm

php do bn duyn sinh, 14 php bt tng ng hnh th do nhn duyn v

tng thng duyn sinh.

11 sc php do nhn duyn v tng thng duyn sinh nh th no? Nhnduyn y cng l ba nhn cu hu, ng loi v nng tc trong su nhn, vtng thng duyn y cng chnh l nng tc nhn trong su nhn. Chnghn, bn i chng, t, nc, la, gi ng thi p i lm nhn qa chonhau m sinh tn, l h vi qu cu hu nhn, bn i pht trc v pht


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- V Sc Gii : - Khng v bin x - Thc v bin x - V s hu x -Phi tng phi phi tng x

Chn a : - Ci dc, 1 : Ng th tp c a: - Ci sc, 4 : Ly sanh h lc - nh sanh h lc - Ly h Diu

lc -X nim Thanh tnh.- V sc, 4 - Khng v bin, Thc v bin, V s hu, Phi tng phi

phi tng

---o0o---on II. HU TNH TH GIAN

* TIT I: BN HU LUN CHUYN

Th gian, th l i, tri qu kh, hin ti, v lai, lu chuyn bin hoi. Gianl trong, nhng g lt vo trong vng lun chuyn, bin hoi th gi l thgian. Loi hu tnh l cn thn chnh bo ca chng sanh v v tr th giil y bo, ch nng da ca chng sanh, tc l kh, kh c, u trong vnglu chuyn bin hoi, nn gi l hu tnh v th gian .

y trc ni v hu tnh th gian, nh bit hu tnh trong ba ci, bnloi, su ng khc nhau nhng u trong vng lun hi, sanh t, sanhri cht, cht ri sanh qua bn giai on hu, l t hu, trung hu, sanh hu,

bn hu, ri li t hu, trung hu v.v...

Xt n bn giai on hu ni nhn loi nh sau s r:

T hu: L giai on con ngi do phin no nghip i trc chiu cmly qu bo thn i nay, sng cho n st na cui cng, x b bo thn.

Trung hu: L giai on sau khi x b bo thn cho n khi duyn uthai, s hin hu ca hu tnh gia khong thi gian , gi l trung hu.Song i vi vn trung hu ny, i chng b v Ha a b khng thanhn c. V h da theo kinh ch ni n " thun tam th nghip", ch khng

ni n trung hu nghip v kinh cng ch ni n hu tnh D lu ch phitri by phen sanh (by hu) l chng A-la-hn ch khng ni n trunghu. Tri li Tt-b-a-b th dn kinh v l chng minh c thn trunghu. Kinh ni: C nm qu v Bt hon (trong c Trung ban Bt hon) vkinh cng ni: "Khi nhp thai c ba s hin hu l tinh cha, huyt m vCn-thc-phc, Tt-b-a cn ch trng thn trung m ca loi ngi cnh con nt nm su tui, c su cn nhng v l tnh sc cc vi t, mt


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tht khng thy c, ch c thin nhn cc tnh v nhng hu tnh cng giai on trung hu mi trng thy c. V thi gian tn ti ca thn trunghu cng c bn nh ch trng khc nhau: T-b-s cho rng n ch ctrong khonh khc, cht lin u thai. Lun s Th Hu cho rng n tn tilu nht by ngy. Lun s Thit-mat-t-a cho rng n c th tn ti trong

by by bn mi chn ngy. Cn Lun s Php Cu th cho rng khngnht ?nh v ty theo nhn duyn th sanh bt thng. Do nghip lc rtmnh thc y trung hu ng th sanh vo loi ngi th hi duyn linsanh vo loi ngi, trung hu ng th sanh vo loi sc th hi duynlin sanh vo loi sc.

Sanh hu l giai on t trung hu cht, do vng tng khi ln tm i dchoc sn nhu i vi cha m, lin u thai, hay gi l kit sanh. Chnh ngay giy pht kit sanh ny gi l sanh hu.

Bn hu: Ch thi gian t sanh hu cho n t hu, chm dt mt i. Vthn bn hu ny c chia hai giai on l giai on trong thai v giai onra ngoi thai. Giai on trong thai gm nm trng thi:

1. Kit-lc-lam (kalala) nh cht vng sa trong by ngy uth thai.2. t-b-m (Abbuda) nh cc mu trong by ngy th hai.3. B-thi (Pesi) tht mm trong by ngy th ba.4. Kin-nam

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