1Introduction toEntities, Attributes, andRelationships
Conceptual Modeling : Entities, Attributes, Relationships
Conceptual Modeling ? Entities Attributes Relationship
Modeling ? Conceptual Data Modeling Physical Data Modeling ?
Entity Model Table ? ? Modeling , , Model
Conceptual Model ? System Physical Database Design
Conceptual Model Conceptual Model System (Sponsor) Model Design
Physical Database
, Entities Relationship Diagram Table Database Object Model
Model Business Tables Database ? Columns Tables ? Constraint
Database Object (require) ? (Metaphor)
(Solid Plan) ? (Architect) (Architect) Model (Sketches)
Conceptual Model (Easy Change) Model Model Design (Technical
Design) Model Design
Entity Relationship Model Entity Relationship Modeling Model
Business (Implement) Diagram
Modeling ?Entity Relationship Modeling Modeling Business
Modeling Business System Model Business Business Entity
Relationship Modeling Business Diagram (Check)
Entity Relationship Modeling Entity Relationship Modeling
Model Model
Conceptual Data Modeling Business Model (Implement) Model Entity
Relationship model tables
Database
Database Flat file data model: Database Model Store File File
Link File Model Redundancy Model Hierarchical data model: Database
Model Database file Link Top Database Parent Database Parent Child
Child Parent Child Database Parent Database File Link Pointer Model
Network Data Model Database Model Hierarchical data model Link
Child Database Redundant Data, Search Model Database Expert Model
Real-Life ApplicationRelational Data Model Database Model Link
Entity Business Redundant Data Normalization Search Data Index
Attribute User (Implement) DBMS
Entities EntitiesEntity Business : (Object) , (Event) Entities
Instances
Entity Entity Entity Entity Business Entity Business Entity
(Class) (Type) Entity Entity instance Instance Entity Business
Entities (More on Entities)
Entity Instance : Entity Entity Instance Entity Person Product
Require Skill Level Election Instance Entity Entity Violinist
Instance Entity Job Violinist Entity Instance David Oistrach,
Kyung-Wha Chung.
Entities (Sets)Entities (Sets) Entity Instance Business
Entity Job Instance Entity Modeling Process, Entity Table Row
Table Instance Entity Modeling Properties Instance Entity
(Set Theory) Entity Relationship Model Relational Database
AttributesAttributes
(something) Business single valued Property Entity : (Describe)
(Quantifies) (Qualifies) (Classifies) Entity
Attribute ? Attribute Entity Attribute Property Entity Entity
Entity Attribute (Entities Have Attributes) Entity Attribute
Attribute Entity (Values and Data Types)Attribute Attribute
Attribute Attribute
Attribute Single ValuedAttribute Entity Single Valued Instance
Entity Attribute Attribute Examples
Town of Residence Attribute Employee Attribute Attribute Single
valued Shoes Size Attribute Business Business Attribute Family Name
Attribute Single Valued
Volatile AttributesAttribute Volatile () Attribute Age
Nonvolatile Attribute Attribute Birth Date Age
RelationshipsRelationships
Business Entity Entity
Entity Relationship
Relationship Entity Relationship (Dependency) Entity
Relationship : An Employee has a JOB An Employee performs a JOB An
Employee holds a JOBAn Employee apply for a JOB Relationship Entity
Relationship
Instance Entity Employee JOB ? Mandatory Optional Relationship
Employee? Employee JOB ? JOB Employee ? Mandatory Optional
Relationship JOB? Job Employee ? () Design Table Entity
Relationship Models DiagramsEntity Relationship Model (ER Model)
Entity Attribute Relationship Model Entity Description, Data type
Constraint Model Diagram Model Entity Relationship Diagram (ER
Diagram) Model Model Model Diagram BusinessGraphical Elements
Entity Relationship diagramming Graphic Element ISO Standard ER
Diagram Oracle Oracle diagramming technique Oracle Designer
Tool
Entity
ER diagram Entity SoftBox Entity Entity Box Entity Box Entity
Name Box Size Entity Entity Entity
Attribute (Attribute Representation)
Attribute Entity Box * O Attribute mandatory optional Attribute
* Mandatory: Attribute Businesso Optional: Attribute Business
Attribute Entity Diagram Attribute Design Table Attribute Diagram
Attribute ? Design, Attribute Column Mandatory Attribute Not
Null
RelationshipRelationship Entity Relationship Relationship Shape
Relationship Degree Relationship One Many One Many
JOB Employee Employee JOB Relationship Relationship Diagram
Model Model
Mandatory Optional RelationshipsRelationships mandatory optional
attributes . Mandatory Relationships (solid line) optional
relationships (dotted lines).Relationship Relationship Relationship
Employee JOB Model optional relationship mandatory relationship
Relationship
Every EMPLOYEE has exactly one JOB or, alternatively:An EMPLOYEE
must have exactly one JOB.
JOB EmployeeA JOB may be held by one or more EMPLOYEES.
Relationship
Relationship Entity1 Entity2 Each entity1{must be | may be}
relationship_name {one or more | exactly one} entity2Relationship
Design Relationship foreign key foreign key column optional
relationship non mandatory foreign key columns Relationship Diagram
Relationship Diagram space Diagram Relationship
(Data and Functionality)
Conceptual Data Model Conceptual Data Model Shoes Size Employee
? Business ?
(Type of Information)
? ? Kbenhavn, Bremen Icon Column City Name of the city (such as
Kbenhavn) Weather type (such as cloudy with rain) Icon of the
weather type Minimum temperature Maximum temperature Wind direction
arrow Wind force Forecast date? Business (geographical
knowledge)
German cities (Bremen, Berlin Munchen) French cities cities -
Report (Next Step) Entity ? Attribute Relationship City Country
Entity Attribute (Name ) Weather Type Wind Direction Entity
Attribute (Icon, Description) City Entity Forecast Attribute (Date,
Minimum and Maximum Temperature Wind Force) Relationship COUNTRY
and CITY CITY and FORECAST FORECAST and WEATHER TYPE FORECAST and
WIND DIRECTION
Entity Relationship Diagram Relationship FORECAST CITY CITIES
FORECAST CITY COUNTRY COUNTRY CITY FORECAST WEATHER TYPE WEATHER
TYPE FORECAST FORECAST WIN DIRECTION WIN DIRECTION FORECAST
Graphical Elements (Other Graphical Elements)
Graphic Element ER Diagram Entity Attribute Relationship 4
Subtype Entity Entity Unique identifier # Attribute Relationship
Arc Relationship Nontransferability symbol Relationship Graphical
Elements Graphical Element ER Diagram ER Modeling (Representation)
ER Modeling Business Entity, Attribute Relationship Business
SummaryConceptual models Model Business Model model model data
conceptual models (implementation)
Entity Relationship modeling ER model Data Model Entity
Relationship diagrams Diagram ER model Diagram Business System
1-1 Entity, Attribute Instance Entity instance attribute
instance Entity 3 Row concept
1-2 Entity : GUEST, HOTEL ROOM Attribute Attribute Entity
Entity
1-3 Diagram?
1-41. relationships Model 2. Relationship
1-51. Relationship Model
2. Relationship PERSON HOTEL hotel business.
1-6 Recipe1. Ralphs famous Raving Recipes
2. Entity Attribute 3. relationships Diagram
2
Entities and Attributesin Detail
Entity Attribute Entity concept of subtype supertype entity
Business ElectronicMail Inc
Data Information
Data Information (synonyms)
Data: Information: (Data)
(Data)
Conceptual Data Modeling
Conceptual data modeling Business Business Data Business
Business DataPhysical Data Modeling
Physical data modeling Software Hardware Design 5
Database Electronic Electronic spreadsheets File Relational
Database System System hierarchical databases network
databasesSystem semantic databases object oriented databasesData
WarehouseData warehouse Logical Database data warehouse database
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) Data warehouse (Transaction
System) Call (Store) Call Call
Entity texts, notes, brochures screens Business entities,
attribute entities Instance entities
Entity Entity Entity Entity Model Entity modeling process (Be
Aware of Synonyms) Business ...also known as ... ( Avoid Homonyms)
Business Reserved Words Entity Database Programming Relationship
Entity Entity diagrams Model contex
Electronic MailBusiness Electronic Mail Email User
Electronic Mail (EM) Mail System User Web User Message User
Email Address 30 Password Email Address User User User name,
country, birth date, line of business User (Sent) (receive) Email
Email Message Text Attach file Attach file File spreadsheet Message
Message folders User Folder Inbox Outbox Wastebasket Folder
User
Screenshots Compose Email Message Screen Maintain Addresses
screen
User Electronic Mail Address Message Mail E-mail Address System
Message ( Database ) Message User Template Message Template Message
User Reply Message Reply, User Message Message User Alias Email
Address
Entity Entity Electronic Mail Message Entity Message User
User ? Message EM User
message ? Message Attachment ?Message EM User Message (Text)
(Subject)
Message (External Source) EM User ? ?Message EM User EM User
Message (Text ) (Subject)
Message EM User Email Address EM User Email Message System
Message Message EM UserMessage EM User Message (Text )
(Subject)
process Entity Life Cycle Life Cycle Entity Life cycle Entity
Entity Instance ? ? ? Entity Message Message ? Message ? Message ?
Message Compose Screen, Message ? Message Field To Subject Field
Send Key Message System Message ? User Delete Key? System Receiver
Message Message System Message Message Message ? Message Message ?
Message ? Message (Draft) Message ? Draft Message Message ? Draft
Message System ? Draft Entity Message ? DRAFT Entity ?Template
Template ? Template Message Template Message Template Entity
Message ? Entity Functionality Entity Functionality System Message
System Function conceptual data model BusinessUser Electronic Mail
Address Message Mail E-mail Address System Message Message User
Create Template Message Template Message Template Message User
Reply Message Reply User Create Message Message User Create (Alias)
Email Address, Address Nickname
Functionality System Functionality Functionality high level
Functionality
Attributes
Attribute ? ?Attribute describe, quantify, qualify, classify,
specify Entity Attribute Property Entity Electronic Mail Entity
Attribute Instance
Entity Attribute Attribute Name of COUNTRY Attribute instance
Name of FOLDER
Attribute Attribute Column Column Attribute Reserved Word Id,
No, Descr, Ind(icator) Attribute Amount, Value, Number Attribute
Amount Paid, Estimated Value, Licence No Date Indicator Attribute
at the endStart Date, Creation Date Purchase Date Underscores( _ )
Attribute Attribute Entity Entity Attribute Attribute Context
Entity Context Attribute Name Model Entity Dimension language
Acapulco swimming trunks Akapulko Badehose
Redundancy redundant attributes Attribute Attribute physical
design decision Attribute Date Instance Created User Subtypes
Supertypes Entity X Subtype Instances Property Attributes
Relationships Attribute functionality Subtype Entity X Entity X
SubpertypeSubtypes Model constraints Subtype
Subtype Property Entity X Supertype Address Subtype USER LIST
USER LIST Attribute NAME To Field Message Inheritance Entity
COMPOSITION Supertype MESSAGE, DRAFT TEMPLATE Subtypes Attribute
Relationship Supertype Entity
Diagram Every MESSAGE (DRAFT, or TEMPLATE) is a COMPOSITIONEvery
COMPOSITION is either a MESSAGE, a DRAFT, or a TEMPLATE
SubtypeEntity relationship modeling ER model Subtype Entity
Subtype Subtype Entity Subtype ? Subtype
Nested Subtypes Subtype Subtype Subtype Level Attribute
Relationship Level
Subtypes Entity Subtype Instance Subtype Business
Subtype (Implementing Subtypes) Subtype Entity Table Table Super
entity (Summary)Entity Business Entity (Tangible), (Intangible)
(Event) Subtypes Entity Attribute Relationship Entity
1. Book Entity publishing company book reseller Entity Book
Entity Attribute
2. ER model Text Entity Entity Relationship1. Entity 15
Moonlight Coffees Summary
2. Entity The coffee shops. The Moonlight employees. ER
Model
3Relationshipsin Detail
relationship Entity Relationship nontransferable relationships
Relationship Attribute Relationship Attribute normalization
conceptual models
Relationship (Establishing a Relationship)
Relationship Entity Entity Model Entity Model Entity Entity
Electronic Mail System Relationship MESSAGE USER Message Message
Entity recursive relationship Message Reply Message
Relationship perspective Passive is owner of is owned by parent
of / child of composed of / part of Preposition , Relationship
Consists of / is part of Is classified as / is classification for
Is assigned to / is assignment of Is referred to / referring to
Responsible for / the responsibility of with, in, of, for, by,
about, at, into
sent to receiver of ? MESSAGE USER , Relationship received by
receiver of
Optional Relationship Must every MESSAGE be sent by a USER? No
Must every USER be sender of an MESSAGE? No Must every MESSAGE be
sent to a USER? No Must every USER be addressed in a MESSAGE? No
Yes Relationship mandatory Optional Relationship mandatory
ElectronicMail MESSAGE User MESSAGE User User Relationship User
System User Relationship mandatory Relationship Model optional
Degree Relationship Can a MESSAGE be written by more than one
USER? No Can a USER be author of more than one MESSAGE? Yes No
Degree 1 Yes Degree Many or m Relationship mandatory many
Relationship A B mandatory A B A B
Optional many relationship , Email USER ,1 Message degree
Message ATTACHMENTS Business ATTACHMENTS MESSAGE 4 Degree
