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Gemi ve Liman
169
02.08.2018 14.10.2018
26.12.2018 Cilt:10 2 169-181 DOI: 10.18613/deudfd.495796 ISSN:1309-4246
E-ISSN: 2458-9942
Kenan Y T1 Bora ACARKAN2
uygulanabilecek ve gemilerin limanda iken kullanarak na bir enerji
Bu model ile gemiler limandaki irken finansal hem kendi
hem de etkin bir abilecektir. B
i maliyetlerinde
, ve . da, kabul edilebilir
M/V . Sadece kendi
ksistem ile e CO2 ise
.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Gemi,
Gemi ve Liman
170
AN EXAMINATION OF THE PROPOSED ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MODEL FOR SHIP AND PORT
INTERACTION
ABSTRACT
In this study, ship energy management model has been developed to be applied to next-generation ships and port concepts and to supply electrical energy demand of ships from alternative energy sources. With this model, when at ports, ships can use both their generators and national electricity grid considering financial and environmental criteria. Thus, ship crew will be able to select the cleanest energy source to meet the likely requirements arised from any environmental restriction based on international contracts. Ship crew will also be able to select the most economic energy sources, if any environmental criteria has been set at the port.
In this study, MATLAB software has been used in ship energy management model and the relevant
bulk carrier ship and national electricity grid of Turkey have been taken into account to obtain acceptable results. The two types of ships using only own generators and having energy management system and shore-side connection have been compared. The results show that the proposed ship energy management model will save about 46% reduction in energy costs and a reduction of about 33% in CO2 emissions.
Keywords: Ship, port, electricity, smart grid, energy management.
Denizcilik , deniz
%80 (IMO, 2018). Gemilerin, t
(CO2) x) Dioksit (SO2) (Samosir vd. 2017). G
ise . Bu
nedenle,
k Gemi Enerji ve yeni gemilerde CO2
Gemi ve Liman
171
d Denizlerin Gemilerden -
Kural NOx ve SO2 gemi dizel
NOx A
den y ( -178).
ise Emisyon
maksimum (MARPOL, 2011).
(AB)
azla kalacak gemiler ya acak ya
(EU Directive, 2012).
, a
, i, enerji depolama sistemleri, KET sistemi ve
biy,
yerine (WPCI, 2018).
ve teknolojik gereksinimlerini . Paul vd. (2014: 24-32) KET
Ballini ve Bozzo (2015: 92-
Kotrikla vd. (2017: 238-248) 2
Gemi ve Liman
172
KET sisteminin gemi dizel avantaj ya
makine dairesindeki .
limana CO2
e
maliyetlerini ve
bulunan KET si
ek e de
li edilmesi, enerji depolama
(DOE, 2018).
ileri seviyelere
KET
bir enerj
ada inde
in bir
Gemi ve Liman
173
Sahil
, gemi tara
Liman enerji
en ucuz, analiz edebilecek ve
da dikkate alarak en ucuz veya en . nerilen gemi
sistemi modeli 1 de .
1: Gemi i
G enerji
2 de
Gemi ve Liman
174
2: Gemi
e
Gemi ve Liman
175
M
birim enerji maliyeti ve emisyon Denklem 1-4
(1) (2)
(3)
, ,( ) ( )JEN ET JEN JEN ETE t P t EF (4)
Burada j
lerde kWh , emisyon
ise
ifade eder.
KET sistemi ile elde edilen elektrik enerjisinin maliyeti ve ulusal
5-6
(5) (6)
Burada ulusal elde edilen elektrik enerjisinin
maliyetini, KET sisteminin ulusal
emisyon tipine
ise emisyon
eder.
ifade edilen hesaplama algoritmada ve
. M/V
Gemi ve Liman
176
08:00 ile 19:00 saat geminin limandaki
Marine Diesel
Oil (MDO)
.026 TL/ton olarak (Bunker Index, 2017). Gemi
rleri CO2 g/kWh
olarak (ENTEC, 2005).
. ri CO2 464,43
(Creative IG Tools, 2015). B 1
iki ka
tiise enerji
Her iki senaryo toplam elektrik enerjisi maliyetleri ve emisyon salgoritma ile hesaplneticesinde Senaryo I ve Senaryo II teki gibi
.
Gemi ve Liman
177
3: Senaryolar Elektrik Enerjisi Maliyeti
3
lmesi durumundaki saatlik enerji maliyetlerini ,
Senaryo II konomik
geminin elektrik ener
3 Senaryo II
ullanmakta ve Senaryo II evresel
CO2 KET sisteminin daha az CO2
Bu
nedenle, de KET sistemi devreye girmekte ve elektrik enerjisi maliyeti
Gemi ve Liman
178
Senaryo .
Senaryo I ve S CO2 emisyon te
4: Senaryolar i CO2 Emisyonu
4
Senaryo II saatlik CO2 .
Senaryo II konomik 2
KET sisteminin daha az CO2
4 Senaryo I ve Senaryo II 2
CO2
2
sisteminin daha az CO2 KET sistemini devreye alarak geminin elek
Gemi ve Liman
179
Bu
devreye girmekte ve CO2 CO2 33 k bir azalma .
hem enerjiyi daha ucuz temin edebilecek hem
ge
geminin geleneksel elektrik sistemine sahip
2
elektrik enerjisi ihtiyecek
konularda n .
M/V ve DPA & n.
Gemi ve Liman
180
KAYNAKLAR
Ballini, F. ve Bozzo, R. (2015). Air pollution from ships in ports: the socio-economic benefit of cold-ironing technology. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 17, 92-98. ENTEC UK Limited. (2005). European Commission Directorate General Environment, Service Contract on Ship Emissions: assignment, abatement
: Preliminary Assignment of Ship Emissions to European Countries, Final Report. EU Directive. (2012). Directive 2012/33/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, Amending Council Directive 1999/32/EC as regards the sulphur content of marine fuels, 21 November 2012. Kotrikla, A.M., Lilas, T. ve Nikitakos, N. (2017). Abatement of air pollution at an Aegean Island Port utilizing shore side electricity and renewable energy. Marine Policy, 75, 238-248. MARPOL. (2011). The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, Consolidated Edition. London: IMO press. Paul, D., Peterson, K. ve Chavdarian, P.R. (2014). Designing cold ironing power systems: electrical safety during ship berthing. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, 20(3), 24-32. Samosir, D.H., Markert, M. ve Busse, W. (2017). The technical and business analysis of using shore power connection in the port of Hamburg. Jurnal Teknik ITS, 5(2), G-350-355.
of ship sourced emissions in Izmir Port, Turkey. The Scientific World Journal, 2013.
Environmental Dimensions, in I. Dincer, C.O. Colpan, O. Kizilkan (Eds.), The Importance of Ships in the Next-Generation Electric Power Systems, pp. 167-178. London: Academic Press.
Gemi ve Liman
181
Bunker Index. (2017). http://www.bunkerindex.com/prices/indices.php15.07.2018. Creative IG Tools. (2015). CO2 Emission Conversion Factors Used on the Creative IG Tools for the Purposes of Calculating an Organisation's Carbon Footprint. https://ig-tools.com/files/International_elec_2015.pdf,
DOE - Department of Energy. (2018). What is the Smart Grid? https://www.smartgrid.gov/the_smart_grid/smart_grid.html, Tarihi: 15.07.2018. IMO - International Maritime Organization. (2018). Introduction to IMO. http://www.imo.org/en/About/Pages/Default.aspx15.07.2018.
- (2017). http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=24637Tarihi: 15.07.2018. WPCI - World Ports Climate Initiative. (2018). Onshore Power Supply. http://www.onshorepowersupply.org/,