dfaf 345 fsd

8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

1/26

, low-salinity ocean current thatflows north along the west coast of

South America from the southerntip of Chile to northern Peru. Alsocalled the Peru Current, it isan eastern boundarycurrent flowing in the direction ofthe equator , and can extend 1,000kilometers offshore. The HumboldtCurrent LargeMarine Ecosystem (LME), named

afterthe Prussian naturalist Alexandervon Humboldt, is one of themajor upwelling systems of theworld, supporting an extraordinary

abundance of marine life.Upwelling occurs off Peru year-round but off Chile only during thespring and summer, because of the

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_currenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_boundary_currenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_boundary_currenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_sciencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwellinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwellinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_sciencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_boundary_currenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_boundary_currenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_currenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinity

8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

2/26

displacement of the subtropicalcenter of high pressure during the

summer.

La Silla is in the Southern outskirtsof the Atacama Desert, one of the

driest places on Earth, it may comeas a surprise to see cloudformations result of the PeruvianHumboldt Current.[1]

The Humboldt Current LME isconsidered a Class I, highlyproductive (>300 gC/m2-yr),ecosystem. It is the mostproductive marine ecosystem in the

world, as well as the largestupwelling system. The Humboldt’shigh rates of primary andsecondary productivity support the

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Silla_Observatoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atacama_Deserthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_Current#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sitting_at_the_Top_of_a_Cloud.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_Current#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atacama_Deserthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Silla_Observatory

8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

3/26

world’s largest fisheries. Approximately 18-20% of the

world’s fish catch comes from theHumboldt Current LME. Thespecies aremostly pelagic: sardines, anchovies and jack mackerel. The LME’s

high productivity supports otherimportant fishery resources as wellas marine mammals (earedseals and cetaceans) and seabirds.The cold, nutrient-rich waterbrought to the surface by upwellingdrives the system’s extraordinaryproductivity.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchovyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_mackerelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eared_sealhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eared_sealhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetaceahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seabirdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tropical_cyclones_1945_2006.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seabirdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetaceahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eared_sealhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eared_sealhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_mackerelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchovyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic

8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

4/26

The presence of the HumboldtCurrent and its associated wind

shear [2] prevents the formationof tropical cyclones in the area (The

same effect occurs in the South

Atlantic with the Benguela

Current)[citation needed ].

(Worldwide tropical cyclone tracks,1945 –2006.)

Periodically, the upwelling thatdrives the system’s productivity is

disrupted by the El Niño-SouthernOscillation (ENSO) event. Whenthis occurs, fish abundance anddistribution are significantlyaffected, often leading to stock

crashes and cascading social andeconomic impacts. These eventshave led to sequential changes,

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_Current#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benguela_Currenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benguela_Currenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o-Southern_Oscillationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o-Southern_Oscillationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o-Southern_Oscillationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o-Southern_Oscillationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benguela_Currenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benguela_Currenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_Current#cite_note-2

8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

5/26

where sardines and anchovieshave replaced each other

periodically as the dominantspecies in the ecosystem. Thesespecies changes can havenegative consequences for thefishing industry and the economies

of the countries that fish thesystem.

The Humboldt has a considerablecooling influence on the climate of

Chile, Peru and Ecuador . It is alsolargely responsible for the aridityof Atacama Desert in northernChile and coastal areas of Peruand also of the aridity of southern

Ecuador. Marine air is cooled bythe current and thus is notconducive to generating

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Chilehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Chilehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Peruhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Ecuadorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atacama_Deserthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norte_Grande,_Chilehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norte_Grande,_Chilehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norte_Grande,_Chilehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norte_Grande,_Chilehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atacama_Deserthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Ecuadorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Peruhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Chilehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Chile

8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

6/26

precipitation (although clouds andfog are produced).

, low-salinity ocean current thatflows north along the west coast ofSouth America from the southerntip of Chile to northern Peru. Alsocalled the Peru Current, it isan eastern boundarycurrent flowing in the direction ofthe equator , and can extend 1,000kilometers offshore. The Humboldt

Current LargeMarine Ecosystem (LME), namedafterthe Prussian naturalist Alexandervon Humboldt, is one of the

major upwelling systems of theworld, supporting an extraordinaryabundance of marine life.Upwelling occurs off Peru year-


8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

7/26

round but off Chile only during thespring and summer, because of the

displacement of the subtropicalcenter of high pressure during thesummer.

La Silla is in the Southern outskirtsof the Atacama Desert, one of thedriest places on Earth, it may comeas a surprise to see cloudformations result of the Peruvian

Humboldt Current.[1] The Humboldt Current LME isconsidered a Class I, highlyproductive (>300 gC/m2-yr),

ecosystem. It is the mostproductive marine ecosystem in theworld, as well as the largestupwelling system. The Humboldt’s


8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

8/26

high rates of primary andsecondary productivity support the

world’s largest fisheries. Approximately 18-20% of theworld’s fish catch comes from theHumboldt Current LME. Thespecies are

mostly pelagic: sardines, anchovies and jack mackerel. The LME’shigh productivity supports otherimportant fishery resources as wellas marine mammals (earedseals and cetaceans) and seabirds.The cold, nutrient-rich waterbrought to the surface by upwellingdrives the system’s extraordinary

productivity.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchovyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_mackerelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eared_sealhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eared_sealhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetaceahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seabirdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seabirdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetaceahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eared_sealhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eared_sealhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_mackerelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchovyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic

8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

9/26

The presence of the HumboldtCurrent and its associated windshear [2] prevents the formationof tropical cyclones in the area (The




(Worldwide tropical cyclone tracks,

1945 –2006.)Periodically, the upwelling thatdrives the system’s productivity isdisrupted by the El Niño-SouthernOscillation (ENSO) event. Whenthis occurs, fish abundance anddistribution are significantlyaffected, often leading to stock

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_Current#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benguela_Currenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benguela_Currenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o-Southern_Oscillationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o-Southern_Oscillationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tropical_cyclones_1945_2006.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o-Southern_Oscillationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o-Southern_Oscillationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benguela_Currenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benguela_Currenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_Current#cite_note-2

8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

10/26

crashes and cascading social andeconomic impacts. These events

have led to sequential changes,where sardines and anchovieshave replaced each otherperiodically as the dominantspecies in the ecosystem. These

species changes can havenegative consequences for thefishing industry and the economiesof the countries that fish thesystem.

The Humboldt has a considerablecooling influence on the climate ofChile, Peru and Ecuador . It is alsolargely responsible for the aridity

of Atacama Desert in northernChile and coastal areas of Peruand also of the aridity of southernEcuador. Marine air is cooled by


8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

11/26

the current and thus is notconducive to generating


, low-salinity ocean current thatflows north along the west coast ofSouth America from the southerntip of Chile to northern Peru. Alsocalled the Peru Current, it isan eastern boundarycurrent flowing in the direction of

the equator , and can extend 1,000kilometers offshore. The HumboldtCurrent LargeMarine Ecosystem (LME), namedafter

the Prussian naturalist Alexandervon Humboldt, is one of themajor upwelling systems of theworld, supporting an extraordinary


8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

12/26

abundance of marine life.Upwelling occurs off Peru year-

round but off Chile only during thespring and summer, because of thedisplacement of the subtropicalcenter of high pressure during thesummer.

La Silla is in the Southern outskirtsof the Atacama Desert, one of thedriest places on Earth, it may come

as a surprise to see cloudformations result of the PeruvianHumboldt Current.[1]

The Humboldt Current LME is

considered a Class I, highlyproductive (>300 gC/m2-yr),ecosystem. It is the mostproductive marine ecosystem in the


8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

13/26

world, as well as the largestupwelling system. The Humboldt’s

high rates of primary andsecondary productivity support theworld’s largest fisheries. Approximately 18-20% of theworld’s fish catch comes from the

Humboldt Current LME. Thespecies aremostly pelagic: sardines, anchovies and jack mackerel. The LME’shigh productivity supports otherimportant fishery resources as wellas marine mammals (earedseals and cetaceans) and seabirds.The cold, nutrient-rich water

brought to the surface by upwellingdrives the system’s extraordinaryproductivity.


8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

14/26








8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

15/26

8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

16/26



, low-salinity ocean current thatflows north along the west coast ofSouth America from the southerntip of Chile to northern Peru. Alsocalled the Peru Current, it isan eastern boundarycurrent flowing in the direction of

the equator , and can extend 1,000kilometers offshore. The HumboldtCurrent LargeMarine Ecosystem (LME), namedafter

the Prussian naturalist Alexandervon Humboldt, is one of themajor upwelling systems of theworld, supporting an extraordinary


8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

17/26








8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

18/26






8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

19/26

8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

20/26







8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

21/26

8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

22/26








8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

23/26






8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

24/26








8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

25/26







8/18/2019 dfaf 345 fsd

26/26



Documents

dfaf 345 fsd