DNA & RNA

DNA

Structure Double stranded (long) Nucleotides – deoxyribose, phosphate, Nitrogen base Nitrogen bases

Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine

Function Stores genetic information Transfers genetic info.

RNA

Structure Single stranded (short) Nucleotides – ribose, phosphate, Nitrogen base Nitrogen bases

Adenine URACIL Cytosine Guanine

Function Carries genetic information from nucleus to ribosome

3 types of RNA

1- mRNA = messenger RNA

2- rRNA = ribosomal RNA3 – tRNA = transfer RNA

By controlling PROTEIN SYNTHESIS…..

DNA controls cellular structure and function

THE GENETIC CODE

The “code” refers to the message in the

RNA (not DNA)

Genetic Language

CODON“triplet” code with 3 RNA bases

Acts as a word in the genetic language

Each codon codes for a specific amino acid

Ribosomes of any living creature can produce protein from any creature’s RNA………..

AMAZING HUH?

Reading the DNA code

Codon Dictionary

Reading the DNA code

Codon Dictionary

Find the following amino acids

1- TAC

2-TGG

3-AAA

Find the following amino acids

1- AAT

2-ACG

3-ACT

Special codons

AUG Start – tells us to start making a new protein here

If used after a stop codon Methonine – met – amino acid

UAA, UAG,UGA Stop – tells the cell to stop making protein here