Dong Nam a - Su Lieu Va Van de - Gs Luong Linh

8/20/2019 Dong Nam a - Su Lieu Va Van de - Gs Luong Linh

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H

DO NG NAM A SU LIEU VA VAN DE

LUONG NINH

N

ghien cflu Lich sit va Van hoa

Ddng Nam A thdi cd le til nhien la

phai dfla vao nhflng ngudn tai lieu khac

nhau;

1. T ai l i eu d e tha 'y, dap vao m at ngay

la nhflng ghi chep chfnh thflc, tai chd cua

chinh quyen ud chdc sdc bdn dia, dfldng

nhien cflng la nhflng tai lieu dang tin cay

nha't. Dd la nhflng ghi chep tfl thdi xa xfla,

tham chf tfl thdi ngfldi ta mdi bat dau cd

chfl viet, dflng de viet/khac van bia hoac

viet/vach tren la. Id ba-la-sa hay la cg,

Mud'n sii dung dflcic, lai phai biet dgc.

Nhan loai mai mai ghi nhan cdng lao cua

J. Prinsep da giai ma dflde chfl Brahmi

(1837) W.Jones da nghien cflu, dgc, dich

va phd bien chfl Sanskrit la nhflng van tfl

cd An Do (1784).

Sau dd, each nhau khdng xa lam, cac

dan tdc ban dia Ddng Nam A hgc, sif dung

chfl cd An Do da sa ng tao chfl viet ciia

minh nen tie'p theo cflng la cac tai nang

va cdng sfle giai ma nhflng chfl viet ban

dia ma de'n dd cdn la dieu ky la, bf dn vdi

moi ngfldi:

a/ E.Aymonier (1883) Quelques notions

sur les inscriptions en vieux Khm er.

hi E. Aymonier (J .A.I891) Premiere

etude sur les inscriptions Chames

d L.Finot (B.E.1915) Les inscriptions

du Musee de Ha noi- Recherches sur la

Litterature Laotienne v.v.

Rdi tfl dd, ta cd hang pho sach in ban

dap,

phien am va thif dich van bia;

Ve Cambo' t , cd:

- Georges Coedes; Inscriptions du

Cambodge (IC) Vol.1, Hanoi 1937-Vol.IV

Pans 1952,Vol .Vin,Paris 1996.

R.C. M.a}umdaT-Inscriptions of

Kambuja,

Calcut ta ,

1953,

558 pages, lisle

of 193 insc rip tio ns ; Ch i gdm m gt sd' bia,

trin h bay dfldi d an g k ha c: m gt so' bia cd

phan nguyen ban chfl Sanskrit, dich mgt

doan, phan ldn la tdm tat ndi dung bia. Co

mat toi vdi nhflng ai mud'n tham khao, tra

cflu nguyen van Phan; nhflng cac bia hau

nhfl deu thie'u phan Khmer cd, thfldng cd

khdng it hdn 1/3, ma day lai la phan ndi

ve td chflc den, vat cflng, rudng vfldn, nd

le ,

v.v. Dfldng nhien, cdng trinh cua

G.Coedes ldn hdn ga'p 10 ldn.Theo thd'ng

ke,

de'n nam 1923: G. Coedes& H.

Parment i e r - Inuentaire des inscriptions

du Champa et du Cambodge, Hanoi 1923,

thi bia Cambdl da cd 565 ban, de'n nay cd

* GS. LUdng Ninh, Vien Khao cd hoc



10

Nghien cim Dong Nam A 5/2009

ganlOOO ba n, bia C ha m pa cd 170 ban , nay

cd hdn 200 ban.

Ve Cham pa co:

- A. Ba rth et A. Bergaign e- Inscriptions

sanskrites du Cambodg e et du Campa,

J.A. 1888;

- Louis Finot Notes d'Epigraph ie

Indochinois,

Ha noi, 1916,

- R, C. M aju m da r - Champa - Gyan

Pubhshing House, New Delhi, 1927 la

mgt cdng trinh nghien cflu kha toan dien

ve Champa, cd 267 trang, va mdt phan

gidi thieu 130 minh van Champa (tr .2-

270) Van cd mdt dieu ly thfl d tac gia nay

la cac minh van deu cd in phdn chfl

Sanskrit , phan gidi thieu ndi dung bdng

tie'ng Anh, nhflng khdng cd phdn chfl

Cham cd, ndi ve td chflc va ddi sd'ng vat

chat cua den. Phan gidi thieu tren day

cflng cho tha'y mdt ngudn tai lieu khac cua

cac hoc gia An Do, chu yeu ciia Majumdar

R.C, nhflng de nghien cflu tha'u dao, nha't

la ve ddi sd'ng kinh te-xa hdi thi van bia la

mdt loai hinh tai lieu quy, tham chf la duy

nha't ve mdt sd' mat ddi sd'ng d mdt so' ndi,

nhflng lai chi cd the khai thac dflde qua

cac sflu tap van bia ciia cac hgc gia Phap

Tiep den nhufng ndi khac:

- Epigraphia Birmanica (EB) in Pe

Maunt in and Gordon H. Luce;

Inscriptions of Burm a- Oxford University

Press 1931,1939,1956.; EB 1-part II: Old

Burma-Early Pagan

- Pe Maung Tin and Gordon H. Luce:

The Glass Palace Chronicle'

Rangoon Universi ty Press , 1960.

- Emi l Forchhammer- Inscriptions of

Pagan, Pinya and Ava, Rangoon, Burma

1899.

- H.L. Shorto, The 32 Myos in the

Medieval Mon Kingdom - SOAS London

1963.

- Halliday; Les inscriptions Mon du

Siam, BE FE O XXX

- E. Guillon -

Recherches sur quelques

inscriptions M on,BE FEO 1974.

- Camille Notion';

Annales du Siam

I-

n i .

Pans 1926.

- Robe rt Lin ga t - Chronique du Siam,

Hanoi 1932.

- Georges Coedes - Receu il des inscrip

tions du Siam, Bangkok 1924

- Georges Coedes - Les inscriptions

malaises de Srivijaya, BE FE O XXX.

- J. Ph .Vogel, The earliest inscriptions

of Jaua; Oudheidk. Dienst Nederl , Indie I ,

1925.

2.

Ta i l i eu ghi chep

cua ngfldi dfldng

thdi, la ba n d ia h ay nflde ng oai - Tro ng dd

phai ke trfldc tien la nhflng ghi chep ctia

chfnh sii Trung Hoa.

Ngfldi Trung Hoa cd thdi quen tfl sdm

cif cac phai bd de'n cac nfldc/vflng mien d

Ddng Nam A va cac ndi khac, de tim mdi

budn ban hay kiem nguyen vat l ieu. Cac

phai bd nay vfla tuyen truyen/gidi thieu

ve sfl vi dai cu a thi en tri eu va cd le

cflng cd ca qua cap la de ldi keo ma ve sau

dflde ggi la th dn p htic, cdng na p , N hflng

phai bd nay thfldng la nhflng ngfldi cd hoc,

di ve thi bao cao ket qua ma cdn ghi chep



Luang Ninh - Dong Nam A - sd lieu vd vdn de

1 1

l a i n h a t k y h a n h t r i n h d e l a m t a i h e u c h o

nhf lng quan he ve s au , rd i t rd thanh

n h f l n g / I / e s

documents

ch o ca c bg chf nh sif

cua cac vf ldng tneu . Cac pho s i f nay df lng

cac ta i heu dd v ie l

ve ddi ngogi,

nh f lng ndi

nao than phuc , nd i nao c f l s f l than den

cdng nap, nam nao, ta la i ndi dd ra sao ,

pha i nhan l a kha day du , he tho 'ng , nd i

nao nh ieu t a i l i eu th i c f lng v ie l kha ky ,

song hanh vdi th t ic luc , ghi chep ve ddi ngi

trong sudi chieu dai l ich s if , t f l Tan thfl ,

T ien Han , Hau Han th f l , qua Tam Qud 'c

chf, Ngd thfl . Tan thfl (nam 268), Td'ng

thf l (Tien Td 'ng , 420-478) , Nam Te thf l

(484), Lfldng thfl (514), Tuy thfl , Cflu

Dfldng thfl. Tan Dfldng thfl, Td'ng sif,

Nguyen s if , Minh s if , Thanh s if , cua cac

vf ldng t r i eu ta p qu ye n cf lng vdi thd i N am

ddi mfld i nf lde , cac n h a n g h ie n cflu

thfldng ggi la

Nhi thdp td (24) sd.

Ve mat

tai lieu, cac pho sif nay dflcic khen, dflcic

t in ca y d m dt so ' hgc gia , nhf ln g m gt so '

kh ac lai ra ' t ch e ba i , df la vao m dt so ' sai

sd t , phi ly , cho la kh dn g da n g t in . Nh f lng

gh i chep mang ddu dc huyen hoac , da i tdc ,

khdng the khdng cd , nhf lng cf lng cd khi la

s f l ndng can , kem hieu b ie t , me t in cua

ngf ld i thdi a 'y , nhf lng ndi chung, nhiem vu

cua hg l a gh i chep nhf lng d ieu mat tha 'y

tai nghe, phdn ldn la trf lc t ie 'p , thf lc s t i ,

n e n k h d n g t h e k h d n g s u y x e t , c a n n h d c

nhf lng ghi chep t f l mdt tha 'y ta i nghe, sau

khi d a b d c t a c h n h f l n g b a n c h e , h u y i n

hoSc d i , th i cdn la i la nhf lng s i t heu chan

thflc cua sf l chflng kien cila ngfldi dfldng

thdi cd va n boa , md t ngu dn ta i l ieu qu y

• h iem kh dn g th e coi nh e , de bd su ng cho

cac ng ud n t a i li eu k ha c .

Cho nen, da cd cac tac gia dfla chu yeu

v a o n g u d n t a i l i e u n a y , n h f l W a n g

G u n g w u t r o n g

The Nanhai Trade-The

Early History of Chinese Trade in the

South China Sea, Malaya 1958,

Singapore 1998, ndi t ie 'ng mdt thdi , hay

nhf l P . Pel l io t d ich nhf lng phan l ien quan

tf l Ngd thu den DUdng thU trong cud'n

sach va viet cud'n

Le Founan

( B E F E O

1903), ha y nhfl L . A ur ou s s ea u d ich m ay

d o a n d a i c u a

Thuy kinh chu

v a

Hdn thU

d e t r a n h l u a n v e

nUdc Ldm Ap,

chu yeu

vd i G . Maspero .

3 .

Lo a i thfl ; 3 la h i e n v a t

a/ TrUdc t ien cua h ien vat la

Tien kim

khi. Tien

la b ieu h ie n cha n th i l c va s inh

dgng kha nang , t r inh do t r ao dd i , budn

ban cua mdt thdi , mdt vf lng , ca ky thuat

df le , t r inh do va dac d iem van boa qua cac

dd an t r ang t r i , hoa van , nh f lng d ia d iem

ndm trong he thd 'ng thf ldng mai d nhf lng

ndi phat h ien df lde t ien , g i f lp nhan b ie t

thd i g ian kha ch inh xac , nh ieu kh i cd ca

n ien da i , t en vua ;

- Ro ber t S . W icks ,

Money, Markets and

Trade in Early Southeast Asia, N.Y 1992

- P h i l i p G r i e r s o n , The Origins of

Money,

Lo ndo n 1977 .

- J o s e p h C r i b b e d . .

Money from

Cow ries Shell to Credit Card

London

1986

- W a l t e r C . N e a l e ,

Monies in Societies,

S . F ra nc i s co 1976

b / Tie 'p theo la

kien true vd nghe thudt

kien

trf lc, vfla cd th e cho bi et tr in h do ky

thuat , vat l ieu xay dUng, vf la cho b ie t ve

n g h e t h u a t . T r U d n g p h d n g K h a o c d h g c



12

Nghien cifu Dong Nam A 5/2009

T r f ld n g V i e n D o n g B a c c o H . P a r m a n t i e r

la mgt k ien t ru e s fl cd b a n g cap , n en v ie t

k ien t rf lc gach C h a m p a r a t cd ng he , vf

nhf l ha ng gac h xay g ia t cap th e na y th i

t i e p t h e o , n d p h a i u d n t h a n h v d m n h f l t h e

n a y . . .

c /

Hien vgt khdo cd hgc

cd y ng hfa da c

bie t quan t rgng ma a i cf lng da tha 'y .

H ie n v at d ao d dfldi da ' t len la m gt lo ai

ta i l ieu go'c h i en nh ie n , ndi len t r in h do

kinh te (ky thuat san xua ' t ) , ddi sd 'ng (v iec

s i f dung, chang han bat vang, bac , l f ld i

c u dc d d n g , t h a n h k i e m s a t , k h a c n h a u m d t

t rd i mdt vf le ve thdi g ian va ca khdng g ian

lich scf) . Ddng thdi nd cung xac nhan, cd

h a y k h o n g , d u n g h a y s a i n h f l n g t r u y e n

k e ,

ca nhf lng d ieu ghi chep t rong thf l t ich

cd; cudc dao d Prome ciia L. Be ylie xac

n h an d en dau , mf lc do ng he nd i ve t h a n h

th i Sri Ksetra, va cudc dao Beithano cua

Jan ice S ta rgard c f lng xac nhan den dau ve

th an h th i cd t r e n bd sdng S i t t a ng .

H an g Ida t cudc dao khd o co d U T ho ng ,

K h u B u a , L o p B u r i , C h a n s e n , C h a i n a t d a

cho tha 'y t r in h do p h a t t r i e n cua ha lu u

sdng Me Kdng t rong mdi quan he vd i

VUdng qud 'c Phf l Nam. Cf lng nhu cudc dao

kh ao cd kh u 15 gom B inh D i nh (Gd S an h)

mdi kh an g d inh ve m dt t r i nh do s a n xua ' t

gd 'm cua vUdng qud 'c Champa, the 'ky XIV.

Dieu dd q ua n t rg ng h ie n nh ie n de'n mf lc

m dt sd ' tac g ia ng hi en cflu ve D dn g Na m A

d ch au Au c flng da n n h i eu t a i l i eu kh ao cd

hgc,

tham chf cdn khoe da tham g ia euge

dao nay , khac , cho dang t in , tuy cdng v iec

cua dng t a chang d inh dang g i de 'n khao cd

ca. Hoac nhf l J . Boissel ier chu t r i va v ie t

bao cao ve cudc kha i qua t U Thong , doan

d inh l inh t inh , nhUng la mdt g iao sU nghe

t h u a t h g c d D a i h g c P a r i s , n h f l n g g i d n g

v i e t v e n g h e t h u a t C h a m p a t h i k h a .

C d n g t r i n h c u a C h . H i g h a m - £ a r / y

Cultures of Mainland Southeast Asia,

R i v e r B o o k s 2 0 0 2 , 3 7 5 t r a n g , t r i n h b a y

Tien sif, Sd sif va sd ky Lich sif Ddng Nam

A luc d ia df la t ren khao co hgc cd nghe va

dang t in cay .

d / Ve Ddng Nam A, khdng nen bd qua

n h f l n g n g h i e n c f l u v e k y t h u a t t a u thuyen

vd nghe hdng hdi .

K e n n e t h M e P h e r s o n -The Indian

Ocean, A History of People a nd the Sea

Oxford New York 19 93 , 317 t r an g ;

Cf lng khong nen bd qua nh f lng va 'n de

ve

ddn cU, tdc ngUdi.

Va'n de Ngfldi

Nam A

ud ngUdi Nam Ddo

gay bf le xuc va thao

lu an cd de de 'n ca th e ky XX va n ay sa ng

th e ky XXI v a n chfla n ga ngfl . Tdi cd 5 bai

da nh so' N am A

vd Nam Ddo 1 2 3 4 5

d a n g N C L S v a K H X H m i e n T r u n g , g i d i

th ieu va 'n de , neu van de va g ia th ie t , chd

sfl trao ddi t iep,

el

N h f l n g c o n g t r i n h c h u y e n b i e t c u n g

cap nhf lng h ieu b ie t chuyen s au , dd i kh i

xen l an ca t a i l i eu gdc , nh f lng van ban ,

h i e p d i n h , n h f l n g q u y e t d i n h .

V l n h f l J o h n K e a y -

The Honourable

Comp any: A History of English East India

Company,

N .Y . 199 3 , h ay ng h i en c flu ve

C a m p u c h i a t h i k h d n g t h e k h d n g c h u y

c d n g t r i n h c u a B . P . G r o s l i e r - P o f / r

une

Geographic historique du Camb odge

v a

nhf lng bao cao khao s a t c i i a E .F .E .O ve do

nghieng 30° c t ia bd Bien Hd, cd t inh cha ' t

q u y e t d i n h c a n e n k i n h t e n d n g n g h i e p



Lucmg Ninh - Dimg Nam A - sd lieu vd vdn de

13

cua xfl sd nay tf l thdi xa xfla cho de'n ngay

n a y , n h f l P . P a r i s v d i

Orientation et

alignements des temples Khmers-

B E F E O

X L I , 1 9 4 1 , d a c b i e t , V i c t o r G o l u b e w :

VHydraulique urbaine et agricole a V

Epoque des rois d Angkor Hanoi,1940,

B.E.I 1941, 1,

h a y n h f l n g c d n g t r i n h c u a

cac ch uy en gia ve nflde ho ac vflng , nh fl

ve Tha i ; P .

Lefeure Pontalis - L'Invasion

Thai en Indochine,

T ' o u n g p a o , V o l .

7 ,1987 hay Luce G. H v e M i e n The ancient

Pyu

R e s . S o c 1 1937. Nhf lng s ach v ie t can

de'n ta i l ieu gd'c ve M i a n m a kh dn g bao g id

v a n g m a t Luce G. H.

Tfl nhflng tai l ieu dd, xin thif neu len

nhu mdt de xudt

ve sv phdn ky Lich sd

Dong Nam A.

N e n n g h i t h e m , T i e n s t i D d n g N a m

A v ie t ch un g khd l a m , vi cd s ti kh ac n h a u

ve thdi g ian va dac t r f lng g i f la Hai dac vdi

Luc dia, gif la nflde nay vdi nflde khac,

chdng ban nhf l g i f l a Lae ,vd i Tha i Lan va

cac nf lde . Tdi lam, chi neu may net ngan

ggn rdi chu yeu dfla vao tflng nflde. Tfl

Lich sf l , cd the cd cac giai doan sau day;

1- The'ky I- VII: G i a i d o a n h i n h t h a n h

cac qud'c gia sd ky d ca lu c dia va h a i d ao ,

trong dd, Phfl Nam cd vi tr i dac biet , thf lc

te da df lde thf la nhan ve mat khoa hgc, la

ddu mdi thUdng mgi qudc te,

rdng ra th i cd

ngfld i co i la t ru n g t a m l ien the g id i . y

k ien th i tuy , toi t a n t h a n h y cua Ch .

H igh am , md t nh a k ha o cd. Va 'n de th i e t

che chinh t r i , td i cho la W. Wolters va ca

M. Vic ker y nh in df ld i con m dt cha u Au,

hdi qua, td i da phe b inh va dang v ie t , ly

gia i ro hdn , C h in h nd cdn cd vai t rd xuc tac

kinh te va vfin hoa de md dUdng cho s i i ra

ddi ci ia hang loat qud'c gia sau khi nd ket

thflc vai trd.

2-

The ky VII X: T d i p h a n v a n r a t

nh ie u , cd ne n ca t nhd d th e ' ky X (?) nhf lng

rdi to i tha 'y van la can th ie t , la mgt mdc,

v di sfl h i n h t h a n h / p h a t t r i e n c u a C h a n

La p va tgc K hm er , c ii a D va rav a t i va

H ar ip un ja ya c i ia ngUdi M dn d ha luu M e

N am , cua S r i Kse t r a d T ru ng va ha lUu

I r r a w a d i v a c u a C h a m p a . G i a i d o a n n a y

ke t thflc va m d ra va o th e ky X vdi sfl x u a l

h ien va bat dau mdi quan he l ich s i f , nhf l

so' p h a n , l a C a m p u c h i a , C h a m p a tfl

Vi jaya va Dai Viet . Ddi khi , td i khong gat

bd khdi suy nghi t rong dau ve Lich s i t ,

nh f lng quan he , nh f lng duyen phan , nd i

t h e o e a c h c u a n h a P h a t , t h a m c h i s o ' p h a n

cua Lich sif.

The ky X •

XIII:

Lai mgt sfl chia

nhd, nhflng duyen phan l jch s if gi ma 3

nflde m an h n h a l Dd ng Na m A luc d ia , ca

toan Ddng Nam A nf la , la i xung dot k ich

l ie t vdi n h a u the o t f lng ddi , qu an he song

phf ldng , t ra n h n h a u ca i gi de rd i 2 /3

n f lde , l a Campuch ia va Champa k ie t que ,

dan ru t lu i khdi vf l dai , nhf lng de la i mgt

lan cudi va v inh v ien nhf lng d i san van

hoa qui g ia cho nhan loai .

4- The ky XIII-XV

G. Co ede s b i nh lu an ra n g Lich sif the

gidi d th e ky 13 die n r a dfldi da'u an cu a

ngUdi Mdng Cd. Chfl

signe ,

trfldc day tdi

dich la ddu hieu, na y ng hi la i , d ich la ddu

dn, cd ve sa t hd n. Xin de cho cac n h a s if

hgc b inh luSn ve y nay . Df l la g ian t iep ,

CUOC x am la n g ctia ngfldi M dn g Co da la m

thay ddi kha nhieu dien mao l ich s if d If lu



14

Nghien cim Dong Nam A 5/2009

vUc I r r a w ad i , ca d J a v a , ldn d au t i e n cd sU

tac dgng tf l luc dia ra de 'n dao, nha' t la cd

sf l ddn day, dan de 'n cudc th ien d i cua

ngUcfiThay / Tay xud'ng lf lu viic cac song

Me Nam, Me Kdng , ca sdng Da , s f l h inh

thanh cac quo 'c g ia mdi cua dan ndi t ieng

Tay

d vf lng nay va t f lng bf ldc th a m gia va o

ddi sd 'ng k i nh te ', va n bo a, ch in h t r i m gt

e a c h m a n h m e t r o n g k h u v i l c .

5- The'ky XV •

T h e k y 15 d a n g d a n h

mgt chUdng r i eng , nd i ve mgt

bUdc ngoat

cd t fnh cha t qu i lua t , m d t b ie u h ien du ye n

phan c i i a L ich s i i , Che do phong k ien chau

Au kh i ing hoang va s e t an r a . Che do

ph ong k ie n d ch au A , ca nh f lng nd i m an h

nha ' t cung da cd dau h ieu chf lng la i va

chuyen b ien . Hay l a v i nd song da l au , da

gia, de 'n da y cdn p h a i lot da ? Vi loai

ngf ld i van cdn, va 1000 nam chi la

1/1000

c u a

Hom o Erectus vk

n eu so vdi

Hominoid

th i l a i ch i bdng 1/20.000.

Sfl b ien ddi lo t da na y la i b at d au

b a n g sfl p h a t m i n h r a k y t h u a t d d n g t a u

cd b an h l a i , l a ba n , ng he ha n g ha i s au

hang the ky d i ven b ien , md ra mgt qua

t r inh ch inh phuc b ien va nh f lng mien da ' t

mdi. Ai vfldn ra bien lam chu dflde thi ke

ay s e thang . Cac nha s i t hgc ph f ldng Tay ,

bat dau t f l

G.Coedes ldy mdc ndm 1511,

Bd chinh phuc Malaca ldm mdc ket thuc

thdi Cd (Trung dgi),

b a t da u thd i ky mdi

(Can dai ) , df lng la mdi , thdi ky Chu nghia

Th t ic dan- b ieu h ien ddu t i en cua Ch i i

n g h i a T u b a n

6- Chu nghia thilc ddn

ng ud n goc va

sU xam n h ap Ddn g Na m A -TrUdc day , kh i

b ien soa n Lich sif D dn g Na m A la n ddu ,

na m 1983 , Nxb Dai hgc -TH CN , to i the o

mdt k ieu c t i a ngUdi Phap , b ien soan r i eng

tf lng nf lde va de 'n Chu nghia Tht ic dan th i

chi ke vai t ran danh la coi nhf l da chiem

xong. Neu nhf l the th i ch i nen ggi ten sach

la Sd gi an Lic h sif cac nflde Dd ng N am A ,

thf lc te cung khdng phai la cac nf lde ma la

m dt sd' nflde. Dd la sfl b a n ch e cu a thdi

dai , cua ban than td i ve h ieu b ie l , va ve ly

luan cua 25 nam t r f ldc . Den lan gar i day ,

n am 2006 , t a i ba n 20 07 , 08 , va dang

chudn hi tai ban lan 4, da cd mdt bfldc t ien,

t r inh bay chung l i ch s i f khu v f le thanh mgt

th e thd 'ng nha ' t , th eo la t ca t va theo

nhf lng va 'n de gdi md suy nghi , ddi hdi phai

dgc the m , Sa ch g id i th ie u n h i eu t a i li eu

gd'c, nhfl m gt eac h gidi th ie u phfl dng ph ap

sif hgc, nhfl cac tai l ieu khao cd hgc d Thai

L a n , M i a n m a , I n d d n e x i a , v . v . , c a c v a n

ban, hiep dinh, hda f ldc, thoa f ldc v.v.

Tuy nh ien , s f l xam nhap c i t a chu ngh ia

th f l c dan d ien r a kha da i , hang the ky ,

phflc tap , th i v a n chfla cd di eu k ie n dflde

chu y , vai t rd va t f ldng tac cua cac Cdng ty

thf ldn g m ai/ thf le d a n chfla dflde chfl y.

Day la chd nen bd khuyet t f l nay ve sau .

M at kha c , d ieu k ien de bd kh u ye t c flng

df lde g ia tang. Da cd mdt luan an ve l ich

s i t va va i t rd cua E . I .C . cua Le Thanh

T h u y d f l d e h o a n t h a n h , m g t l u a n a n k h a c

ve V.O.C. c i ta Hoang Anh Tua 'n da df lc ic

bao ve d H a La n , tu y ch i gdm m dt phd n

thd i g ian va khdng g ian , nhUng cd the bo

su n g th u a n Icii, ng he n di cu ng da cd mgt

luan an ve C . I .O , nh f lng td i ch i mdi nghe

nd i . Ta i ca dd l a nh f lng d ieu k ien thuan ld i

mdi , khong nen bd qua . / .

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